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1
Chakravorty, Ujjayant, Marie-Hélène Hubert, and Beyza Ural Marchand. "Food for fuel: The effect of the US biofuel mandate on poverty in India." Quantitative Economics 10, no. 3 (2019): 1153–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/qe942.
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More than 40 % of US grain is used for energy due to the Renewable Fuel Mandate (RFS). There are no studies of the global distributional consequences of this purely domestic policy. Using micro‐level survey data, we trace the effect of the RFS on world food prices and their impact on household level consumption and wage incomes in India. We first develop a partial equilibrium model to estimate the effect of the RFS on the price of selected food commodities—rice, wheat, corn, sugar, and meat and dairy, which together provide almost 70 % of Indian food calories. Our model predicts that world prices for these commodities rise by 8– 16 % due to the RFS. We estimate the price pass‐through to domestic Indian prices and the effect of the price shock on household welfare through consumption and wage incomes. Poor rural households suffer significant welfare losses due to higher prices of consumption goods, which are regressive. However, they benefit from a rise in wage incomes, mainly because most of them are employed in agriculture. Urban households also bear the higher cost of food, but do not see a concomitant rise in wages because only a small fraction of them work in food‐related industries. Welfare losses are greater among urban households. However, more poor people in India live in villages, so rural poverty impacts are larger in magnitude. We estimate that the mandate leads to about 25 million new poor: 21 million in rural and 4 million in the urban population.
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BHANUMURTHY, N. R., PAMI DUA, and LOKENDRA KUMAWAT. "WEATHER SHOCKS AND AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY PRICES IN INDIA." Climate Change Economics 04, no. 03 (August 2013): 1350011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010007813500115.
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We analyze the impact of weather shocks on price formation in spot and futures market for food in India where until the recent introduction of commodity futures markets in 2005, the transmission of these shocks to short-term (spot) price movements was unclear. Hitherto, the price discovery mechanism was weak and end price was expected to be different (mostly higher unless some product prices were administered) from the market-clearing price. In addition, this weak mechanism was expected to result in higher price volatility. The introduction of a futures market is expected to reduce risk, a major component in agricultural production as well as in price formation. Though the commodity futures market in India is nascent, we model transmission of weather shocks to futures and spot prices using monthly data. Based on cointegration analysis, our results suggest strong long-run co-movement between futures prices and spot prices for commodities traded in futures markets. Changes in rainfall affect both futures and spot prices with different lags. However, rainfall shocks generate larger responses from futures prices than from spot prices. Although there could be other factors that affect futures prices, after controlling for fuel prices, our results clearly show the transmission mechanism of weather shocks from futures to spot prices. We also explore the changes in responsiveness of prices of major agricultural commodities to rainfall with introduction of futures contracts to facilitate the pass-through of various types of shocks to agricultural commodity prices. Using smooth transition regression, we find that the bivariate relationships between rainfall and prices of rice, wheat and pulses show some nonlinearity with the structural change happening after the introduction of futures market. These relations are found to be much stronger in the post-structural change period that broadly coincides with the introduction of futures market.
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Jain, Manjula. "A review on rising of fuel prices in India." Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management 11, no. 11 (2021): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7307.2021.00053.0.
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Easwar, V., and S. Seethalakshmi. "Impact of Rising Fuel Prices on Taxi Drivers." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 11, S2-Feb (February 12, 2024): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v11is2-feb.7415.
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This study presents the impact of rising fuel prices on taxi drivers. India ranks top on the fuel consumption. The increasing demand for fuel and increasing fuel prices are the major problems for the public and the professional drivers. This research paper aims to find out impact of rising fuel prices on the taxi drivers. It also studies whether they are ready to adopt electric vehicles if this same situation continues. And also to find the future plan of the professional drivers if this same situation prevails.
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Ramesh, S., and Balakrishna Gowda. "Feed stock crop options, crop research and development strategy for bioenergy production in India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2009): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v1i1.47.
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Soaring prices of fossil-fuels and environmental pollution associated with their use, has resulted in increased interest in the production and use of bio-energy in India. Government of India has made policies to promote the production and use of bio-fuels which have triggered public and private investments in bio-fuel feed stock crop research and development and bio-fuel production. In this paper, efforts have been made to review and discuss various feed stock crop options and crop research and development interventions required to generate feed-stocksto produce required volume of bio-energy to meet projected demand without compromising food/fodder security and potential benefits of bio-fuels in reducing environment pollution and contributing to the energy security in India.
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Harris, Haroon Rayyan, Ajay G. Dev, Joel Jose, Ganesh Jithamanyu Dv, Vishnu Sankar, and Jibin Noble. "Conversion of Two-Stroke Vehicle to an Electric Vehicle." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2070, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012202.
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Abstract Amid the global pandemic of covid-19, fuel prices have soared a record high, crossing the Rs. 100 landmark for petrol and diesel. This leads to an increase in prices across all products, which cuts in deeper into the already thin bottom lines of ordinary citizens. Public outcry aside, the rise in fuel prices indicates an accelerating trend, which emphasizes the need to find alternative sources of fuel for transport; the ever growing sector. In recent years, reports of possible banning two-stroke engines, coupled with the emergence of a new emission standard in India, have re-ignited questions about how two-stroke vehicles, can be powered from alternative sources of energy. This project intends to address the above question, by assessing the feasibility of a different alternative, by designing an electric drivetrain for a twowheeler, while aiming to be practical and economical for the ordinary man riding it. This project intends to be a cost-feasibility study, whose aim, to realize a full EV conversion of a twowheeler, less than 50% of current market price of base level, original EV’s, thereby proving to be a feasible alternative to people who cannot afford the alternative; and also solving the logistical and environmental problems arising from a large number of abandoned or suboptimal use of such vehicles, when the shift happens.
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Anand, Mukesh Kumar. "Reforming fossil fuel prices in India: Dilemma of a developing economy." Energy Policy 92 (May 2016): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.01.039.
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Bogaraj, T., and J. Kanakaraj. "Indian renewable power sector: potential, policies, barriers, and its prospective." Journal of Electrical Engineering 21, no. 3 (2021): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.59168/lqlt9690.
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Increasing prices, green house gas emission, and depleting nature of fossil fuel makes the world to think about alternate sources of energy particularly renewable energy sources which are green sources, and freely available. Carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced by replacing the existing fossil fuel based systems with renewable energy sources as far as possible and increasing the energy efficiency of existing systems. Policies of Indian government to adapt more renewable energy sources are rigorous in the last decade. Various strategies taken by Indian government for the last two decades have increased the renewable share in the electricity sector. But the energy demand is increasing at about 10% every year. Renewable energy sources are added in a phased manner into the Indian electricity sector. This paper presents different renewable technologies, developments, potential, and barriers to renewable energy adaption in India. Unused potential of various renewable sources in India are indicated. Also, policies of Government and current, future status of renewable sources are summarised.
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Khanna, Madhu, Hayri Önal, Christine L. Crago, and Kiyoshi Mino. "Can India Meet Biofuel Policy Targets? Implications for Food and Fuel Prices." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 95, no. 2 (May 18, 2012): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aas040.
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Kanda, Sayako. "Environmental Changes, the Emergence of a Fuel Market, and the Working Conditions of Salt Makers in Bengal, c. 1780–1845." International Review of Social History 55, S18 (December 2010): 123–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859010000520.
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SummaryDuring the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the British East India Company monopolized salt production in Bengal, and the British sought a new market for English salt in India. As previous studies have emphasized, external political and economic forces devastated indigenous industry and its workers. However, working conditions were influenced more by the natural environments of the salt-producing localities, particularly the availability of fuel, which was indispensable to the process of manufacture. The industry had always benefitted from abundant grass and straw for use as fuel. However, as grasslands were lost due both to constant river encroachment and to land clearance for cultivation, straw prices increased with the emergence of a regional market for biomass fuels, so that increasing difficulties in procuring fuel gradually made the salt industry costly. That state of affairs was accelerated by the advance of economic activity in general and a shortage of coal in particular. The changes made workers much more dependent on the fuel market.
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Sunitha, V., and Kumar L. S. Arun. "Covid-19 And Its Impact On Indian Economy With Respect To Crude Oil." International Review of Business and Economics 4, no. 2 (2020): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2020.4.2.41.
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India is one of the largest economy in the world, with population around 1.4 Billion, and average GDP (Gross Domestic product) from 2015- 2019 is around 7 percent, India is the third largest oil importer in the world, with 9.7 percent of the world oil imports, after China and USA, India imports around 80 percent of its oil needs and aims to bring down to 67 percent by 2022, by replacing it by local exploration, renewable energy and indigenous ethanol fuel, but in India there is lack of demand for crude oil and oil products due to Covid-19 epidemic, which made Indian government to imply restrictions, to lockdown of various firms, industries, public and private sector institutions, as health emergency, according to the report of IEA ( International Energy Agency) India’s 40 days lockdown has led to decrease in 30 percent fall in countries demand for energy. Covid-19 is concern for Indian oil producers, as it is the biggest shock since the Second World War. The global economy is expected to enter recessionary Zone in 2020, as countries have shut down there normal business activities, to fight the pandemic led to imbalances in demand and supply of oil prices in the Indian market, Indian oil companies are waiting for the tax reductions and packages by the government, in the short term imbalance in oil demand and supply situation. The purpose of the research paper is that, Indian government has a great task to fight against covid-19 as a health emergency and oil prices fluctuations in the year 2020.
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Sankaran, Ganesh, and Venkatesan S. "Total Cost of Ownership for Electric Vehicles Passenger cars in India and alternatives to reduce the operating cost." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1100, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1100/1/012008.
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Abstract The primary barrier to Electric Vehicle (EV) Purchase from an Indian customer’s point of view is the price of the vehicle. With the recent advancements in battery technologies and power electronics, the prices have come down dramatically and are expected to reduce even further. Many Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) in India, preparing to include EVs in their portfolio will be an added advantage due to scale benefit. Therefore, it is necessary to study the impact of higher Initial purchase price, maintenance, and fuel cost of EVs compared to Internal combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles before product launches. Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) is a critical measurable from the customer’s point of view. The aim is to create customer awareness of TCO and encourage EV Purchases using quantifiable parameters. This paper studies and analyses the TCO between EV & ICE models using various cost elements, contribution factors, and alternatives like battery swapping using case studies.
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Venkateshwar, Dr Abhishek. "Effect of Increase in the Price of Petroleum and Increase in the Sales of Electric Scooter." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 382–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39302.
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Abstract: Our paper is among the first to measure the potential effect of increase in the price of petroleum vs increase in the sales of electric scooter. With the prices of petrol inching closer to Rs 100 per liter, the demand for battery operated scooters is on the rise as people want to save on fuel cost. As a result, the sale of e-scooters has increased considerably in the city. buyers of two-wheelers are also evincing interest in purchasing e-scooters and making enquiries about vehicles in the local showrooms Okinawa, a large scooter manufacturer in India, recently reported a 30% sales jump in the last quarter alone. The company attributes this largely to the rise in gasoline prices. Without being tied to a pump, electric motorcycle riders are insulated from fluctuating gasoline prices, and can instead “fill up” on much less expensive electricity from any wall outlet.
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Mittal, Amit, and Sahil Gupta. "Vistara: Aiming for the Sky." South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases 9, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277977919881419.
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Vistara—a joint venture between Tata Sons (India) and Singapore Airlines (Singapore)—is a full-service private airline in India that launched operations in January 2015. The airline has been growing at a steady pace and has already won a number of awards, but going forward it shall have a number of challenges to confront, especially on how to increase its market share in an industry dominated by low-cost carriers and prone to uncertainties emerging from external factors beyond its control (e.g., fuel prices and an uncertain political environment). To further complicate issues, Indian aviation, despite being among the fastest growing aviation markets across the world, is still making heavy losses. For Vistara, a lot is at stake considering that the airline is backed by two major reputable organizations. In the times to come, the airline will have to learn how to navigate the complex aviation environment and seeks ways to live up to its name, which means limitless expanse.
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Pandey, Alok, and Annapurna Dixit. "Energy Elasticity in India: An Empirical study with Unit level Household Data." Journal of Global Economy 15, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v15i2.578.
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In the present study an attempt has been made to estimate the responsiveness of prices and household expenditure on consumption of energy for cooking and lighting at household level in rural and urban areas of All India. Household level energy elasticities are estimated for the rural and urban areas with the help of dummy variable regression approach by using NSSO 66th quinnquenial rounds of unit level data.. The results reveal the fact that average expenditure recorded on energy for cooking and lighting in urban areas is higher than in rural areas at all India level. Majority of the households are using dirty fuel for cooking in rural areas while in urban areas clean fuel i.e. LPG is used for cooking. The expenditure on energy for cooking and lighting at household level is inelastic. The marginal budget share in rural and urban areas is the same. Result reveal the fact that hundred percent increase in prices of energy for cooking and lighting will increase the expenditure of households in rural region more than in urban region.
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Sree, G. Vanya, M. V. S. Murali Krishna, and P. Usha Sri. "Experimental Investigations on Exhaust Emissions of Insulated Engine Fuelled with Acetylene, Cottonseed biodiesel Mixtures." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29 (2023): 438–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01s.068.
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In the context of exhaustion of fossil fuels day by day due to heavy demand with the use of agriculture sector and transport sector, escalation of fuel prices in International Oil Market causing huge economic burden on developing countries like India and rise of pollution levels with fossil fuel, the conservation of fossil fuels has become pertinent. Gaseous fuels have many merits over liquid fuels, as the pollutants emitted by gaseous fuels are low due to clean combustion, high calorific value in comparison with liquid fuels. Vegetable oils are good substitutes for diesel, as they are renewable, comparable calorific value and cetane (meausre of combustion quality) number when compared with neat diesel operation. However, the disadvantages associated with vegetable oils such as high viscosity and low volatility cause combustion problems in diesel engines. They can be rectified to some extent by converting them into biodiesel. In this experiment, cottonseed oil was used as alternative fuel for diesel fuel, as India is second producer of Cottonseed oil in the world. The drawbacks associated with vegetable oil were overcome, by adopting the principle of low heat rejection (LHR) consisted of air gap insulated piston engine. Investigations were carried out with Acetylene gas as primary fuel inducted by port injection and cottonseed oil blended with optimum quantity (20%) diethyl ether (DEE) was injected into the engine in conventional manner. Particulate matter (PM), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon mono oxide (CO) levels and un-burnt hydro carbons (UBHC) are the exhaust emissions from a diesel engine. They cause health hazards, once they are inhaled in. They also cause environmental effects like Green-house effect and Global Warming. Hence control of these emissions is an immediate effect and an urgent step. The pollutants of PM, NOx , CO and UBHC were determined at full load operation of the engine with varied injection pressure and compared with test fuel on conventional engine. The maximum induction of Acetylene gas was 35%, with CE, while it was 45% with LHR engine of total mass of diesel as full load operation. Particulate emissions were determined by AVL Smoke meter, while other emissions were measured by Netel Chromatograph multi-gas analyzer at full load operation. These pollutants were drastically reduced with induction of Acetylene gasand further reduced with an increase of injection pressure.
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Dr. Brahampal Singh. "SOLAR ENERGY CONTRIBUTION IN DIGITAL INDIA & CHALLENGES OF CONSUMER AWARENESS TO SOLAR ENERGY." EPH - International Journal of Science And Engineering 3, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/eijse.v3i2.68.
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Solar energy is not harmful as well as easier to use. But in India consumer awareness is the greatest challenge to solarenergy. It is a great need to aware everyone about this technology so that uses of this resource of energy can be increased.Solar energy can contribute in Digital India dreams of Indian Government. It can complete electricity requirements ofDigital India to spread internet up to villages & rural areas.The increasing prices for petroleum products, projection that petroleum resources would be exhausted in a relativelyshort period of time and the use of fossil fuel resources for political purposes will adversely affecting worldwide economicand social development. In addition, global warming caused largely by greenhouse gas emission fromfossil fuelgenerating systems is also a major concern. These problems can be overcome by alternative sources that are renewable,cheap, easily available, and sustainable. And the solar energy is best promising source. But unfortunately this source ofenergy has been get neglected.In this paper researcher has aimed to find out the consumer aware of solar energy, solar energy systems and its uses aswell as its contribution for digital India
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Singh, Gurpartap, Kanwarpreet Singh, and Harpreet Singh. "A Study on the Effect on Fuel Economy of a Two Wheeler by on Board Hydrogen Generation." Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology 2, no. 2 (November 5, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajeat-2013.2.2.692.
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Considering high fuel prices, limited petroleum reserves and expanding market of two wheelers in India, an experiment was performed to investigate fuel consumption of a two wheeler running on hydrogen-gasoline blended fuel. A 2002 model two stroke, single cylinder SI engine Bajaj scooter was used for the research experiment. A little modification was done to the vehicle as per requirements and a hydrogen generation kit was installed to supply hydrogen on-board. Another unmodified vehicle of same model and manufacturing year was used for comparison. At about constant speed of 1500 rpm, fuel consumption of the vehicle was recorded. The test results showed that the modified engine with hydrogen- gasoline blend as a fuel consumed 60% less gasoline as compared to a similar vehicle in which same quantity of fuel was supplied.
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Anjum, Aqsa, and Jahangir Chauhan. "Role of electricity generation technology in the long-term energy sustainability of India." Holistic approach to environment 14, no. 2 (March 19, 2024): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33765/thate.14.2.4.
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Electricity distribution has become one of the most essential components of our society since the beginning of human civilization, relying on an abundant, reliable, and affordable power supply. Fossil fuels dominate the production of electricity (89.57 %), emitting 68.7 % of greenhouse gases, polluting water and soil, and depleting fossil fuels. Future energy needs are faced with growing demand for coal (772 million tonnes by 2040) and fluctuating fuel prices. The Indian power sector withdraws over 20 billion m3 of water, whereby coal power plants use around 35 % of freshwater. Among the seventeen sustainable development goals, Goal 7 emphasizes meeting the demand for electricity, the availability of clean fuels, and mitigating air pollution. In 2021, about 747 TWh of energy consumption was met by coal, oil (92 TWh), and solar energy (25 TWh). Renewable power would meet the world’s growing energy needs, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, boost the economy, and strengthen the society. Therefore, renewable energy has gained global attention as a sustainable electricity source. For this, a thorough examination of the economic and social implications of electricity generation technologies must be carried out. This study discusses how fossil fuel-based electricity generation affects global health and the environment and helps achieve Goal 7 of the sustainable development goals. All sectors must work together to stop global warming and water war and make electricity available worldwide for integrated development.
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Laxmi, K., and M. V. S. Murali Krishna. "Effect of injection pressure on exhaust emissions of diesel engine fuelled with LPG." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29 (2023): S341—S346. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01s.052.
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In the context of exhaustion of fossil fuels day by day due to heavy demand with the use of agriculture sector and transport sector, escalation of fuel prices in International Oil Market causing huge economic burden on developing countries like India and rise of pollution levels with fossil fuel, the conservation of fossil fuels has become pertinent. Gaseous fuels have many merits over liquid fuels, as the pollutants emitted by gaseous fuels are low due to clean combustion, high calorific value in comparison with liquid fuels. Vegetable oils are good substitutes for diesel, as they are renewable, comparable calorific value and cetane (meausre of combustion quality) number when compared with neat diesel operation. However, the disadvantages associated with vegetable oils such as high viscosity and low volatility cause combustion problems in diesel engines. They can be rectified to some extent by converting them into biodiesel. They are many methods to induct gaseous fuels such as port injection, carburetion technique, injection of gaseous fuel at the near end of compression stroke etc,. Investigations were carried out with LPG as primary fuel inducted by port injection and diesel was injected into the engine in conventional manner. Particulate matter (PM), oxides of nitrogen (NOx ), carbon mono oxide (CO) levels and un-burnt hydro carbons (UBHC) are the exhaust emissions from a diesel engine. They cause health hazards, once they are inhaled in. They also cause environmental effects like Green-house effect and Global Warming. Hence control of these emissions is an immediate effect and an urgent step. The pollutants of PM, NOx ,CO and UBHC were determined at full load operation of the engine with varied injection pressure and compared with diesel operation on conventional engine. The maximum induction of LPG was 35% of total mass of diesel as full load operation. Particulate emissions were determined by AVL Smoke meter, while other emissions were measured by Netel Chromatograph multi-gas analyzer at full load operation. These pollutants were drastically reduced with induction of LPG and further reduced with an increase of injection pressure.
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Koshal, Rajindar K., Manjulika Koshal, and Kahandas Nandola. "Production and high energy prices: A case of India." Energy Conversion and Management 33, no. 2 (February 1992): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(92)90095-e.
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Bilal, Muhammad, Muhammad Aamir, Saleem Abdullah, Noor Mahmood, Umair Khalil, Nida Khalid, Maqbool Ahmed, Muhammad Naeem, Shakoor Muhammad, and Laiba Sultan Dar. "Assessment of the COVID-19 Pandemic's Impact on Gasoline Prices in Pakistan." VFAST Transactions on Mathematics 10, no. 2 (November 17, 2022): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21015/vtm.v10i2.1153.
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Abstract The COVID-19 virus is a pandemic that, from the outset, alters its appearance and symptoms. It has aggressively spread around the world. The COVID-19-induced fear and uncertainty are disrupting the global economy and exacerbating financial market volatility. The most impacted countries were the United States, the United Kingdom, India, and Pakistan. The continuing COVID-19 situation is both a public health and economic concern on a worldwide. This research aims at how the spread of the COVID-19 has affected the cost of gasoline,diesel, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Every week, statistics on COVID-19 instances and pricing are collected. The data was analyzed using the ARDL model and the Bound test to determine the short and long-term association between COVID-19 and prices. The Autoregressive distributive lag model findings reveal that confirmed and mortality cases impact fuel, diesel, and LPG prices.
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Dhaundiyal, Alok, and Pramod Chandra Tewari. "Comparative Analysis of Pine Needles and Coal for Electricity Generation using Carbon Taxation and Emission Reductions." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ata-2015-0007.
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Abstract Mitigating global climate change via emission control and taxation is promising for strengthening the economic benefits of bioenergy generation and utilization. This study examines the cost effectiveness of pine needles as an alternative fuel for off-grid electricity generation in India. We first examined the changes of prices in coal for electricity generation due to CO2 emission reductions and taxes using experimental data of gasification plants. The time value of money and depreciation scale were used to find out the real levellized cost of electricity generation of gasification plants. Then, the costs of electricity generation fuelled by pine needles and coal were estimated using the cost analysis method. Our results indicate that pine needles would have more competitive edge than coal if emission had taxed at about an emission tax INR 525.15 Mg-1 of CO2 (US$ 8.4), or higher would be needed for pine needles at a yield of 202.176 dry Mg hm-2 yr. The price of coal used for electricity generation would have significantly increased if global CO2 emission had abridged by 20% or more. However, pine needles were found a much better fuel source with an increasing yield of 5.05 Mg hm-2 yr (with respect to power generation) and 2.335 Mg hm-2 yr (with respect to feedstock production).
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A. S. Sikarwar, N. A. Ansari, and P. Singh. "Current Scenario and Future Perspectives of Renewable and Sustainable Energy in India: Progress and its Challenges." Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology 13, no. 1 (March 29, 2024): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.13074/jent.2024.03.241524.
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Energy is a key force behind both social and economic advancement. The scientific advancements in numerous industrial, governmental, and municipal activities have significantly increased the energy demand. The main reasons behind the efficient utilization of renewable energy sources (RESs) are the rapidly increasing rates of energy demand and fuel prices, as well as the requirement to control greenhouse gas emissions. In reality, meeting the world’s growing energy requirements and preventing climate change are now of greatest concern. This review paper provides a thorough overview of the creation and growth of renewable and sustainable energy sources, including information on their types, traits, benefits, and drawbacks. This review specifically discusses the situation and future potential of renewable and sustainable energy sources in India. The growth of RESs can have a substantial impact on the economic development of India, in addition to creating employment possibilities related to harnessing energy from RESs.
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Borman, Gareth D., Graham P. von Maltitz, Sunandan Tiwari, and Mary C. Scholes. "Modelling the economic returns to labour for Jatropha cultivation in southern Africa and India at different local fuel prices." Biomass and Bioenergy 59 (December 2013): 70–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.06.020.
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Upendar, E., and K. Ramulu. "MSME’s Sector in India: Challenges and Opportunities." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 4, no. 3 (October 4, 2016): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v4.n3.p11.
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<div><p><em>Micro Small and Medium Enterprises include Khadi, Village and Rural Enterprise. Today Millions of people depending upon MSMEs sector. Indian MSMEs are contributing regarding 45% manufacturing output and 40% exports. Every year 8-9% of GDP contributing to developing the nation.This sector is providing employment second largest after agriculture. The main advantage of this sector is employment potential low capital. MSMEs sector contributing develop the country but every day facing a number of challenges like the High cost of Raw materials, collateral requirements, Competition from domestic and foreign markets, Increased fuel prices, lack of credit facilities from financial institutions, etc. Due to the financing problems, every day 79 MSMEs are falling in sickness. The government took many initiatives for this sector but still problems persist. There are many opportunities in this sector for budding entrepreneurship but due to the many challenges the MSMEs sector is still unable to survive.The study is based on secondary data only. Every year this sector is worldwide generating 3, 000 employment opportunities for the people. The MSMEs sector is playing important role in poverty reduction and regional imbalances.Still today the Government of India took there are many initiatives to develop this sector but still the problems are encountering this sector.</em></p></div>
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Sharma, Sunita, and Mahendra Lomror. "A Critical Analysis of Government Subsidies in India – Special Reference to Non-Merit Subsidies." RESEARCH HUB International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 9, no. 2 (February 20, 2022): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53573/rhimrj.2022.v09i02.006.
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Subsidy is a simple fiscal tool, obtainable to the policy makers, to assist promotes production, employment and social welfare. All countries, irrespective of their financial systems, have been using this tool, according to the objectives and conditions that exist in their personal economies. The taxes and subsidies, which are in strength are apprehensive with counteractive measures that could be instituted in theory to bring marginal private costs, or benefits, more closely into arrangement with marginal social ones. Subsidy refers to the concession given by the government to make accessible the important items to the public at inexpensive prices, which is frequently much below the cost of producing such things. Specific entities or those can collect these subsidies in the form of tax rebate or cash payment. This helps to keep necessary items such as food, fuel, fertilizers within the reach of deprived people.
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Aryan Gupta. "From Crude Oil to Electricity: Examining the Shift in Indian Consumer Preferences and Behaviour Towards Electric Vehicles." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering and Management (IRJAEM) 2, no. 03 (March 18, 2024): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaem.2024.0054.
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The Industrial Revolution spurred mass production, making petrol vehicles affordable and accessible. The government invested in infrastructure to accommodate their widespread use, but environmental concerns arose. Efforts to address these led to the promotion of alternatives like CNG vehicles, with incentives driving their adoption. Despite emitting fewer greenhouse gases than gasoline vehicles, CNG still poses environmental challenges. Electric vehicles, emitting zero tailpipe emissions, offer superior ecological benefits. Electric vehicles (EVs) are one of the near-term practical solutions to vehicle technology providing solutions to growing concerns over environmental sustainability. The acceptance of a new product is always difficult in a market having people who are so traditionally driven and laggards. This paper aims to analyze the preferences through questionnaires learning various factors driving consumers' purchase decisions. The paper also discusses the importance of charging infrastructure in influencing customer’s product choices. To what extent has India inculcated ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ in the brains of Indians that could drive consumers to delve into Indian-manufactured or foreign-manufactured EVs? Through the survey of 80+ vehicle consumers, the paper scrutinizes the customer’s ideal price point for both EV 2-wheelers and 4-wheelers to help manufacturers make pricing decisions. Lastly, we enquire about consumers’ optimism towards EV adoption in the future. The paper concludes that 71.6% of people desire to switch to EVs because of environmental concerns, 58% because of cost savings on fuel, and less emission of greenhouse gases. The data results show that customers' non-purchase decision is influenced by a lack of undeveloped charging infrastructure, lack of awareness of government incentives, high maintenance costs, uncertainty about the reliability of the technology, and higher prices of EVs as compared to petrol and diesel vehicles. Also, 81.5% of people expressed their view to have automobiles manufactured in India from the opposing belief that foreign manufactured goods have a superior quality. More than 60% of the market is optimistic towards electric vehicles (EVs) dominating the automotive sector in India within the next five years.
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Mistri, Piyushkumar M., Kedar Pathak, Raj Kumar Satankar, and Jigar C. Gamit. "Experimental Analysis of Solar Parabolic Trough Collector for Novel Solar Cooking System in Gujarat, India." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1279, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1279/1/012002.
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Abstract Indian villages use wood, cow-buffalo dung cakes, and agricultural waste for cooking, while urban areas use piped natural gas and LPG. Desertification and rising fuel prices require renewable energy sources like solar energy. Three types of solar cookers are used for cooking like: box, concentrator, and indirect. The box solar cooker, popular for over two centuries, uses solar radiation to generate heat energy for cooking food. It can be powered by reflector sheets and energy-storing materials, with a 35.3-21.7 % energy efficiency compared to a standard cooker with 27.6-16.9%. Direct solar cookers with parabolic reflectors concentrate reflected energy, suitable for direct or indirect cooking. In winter, a parabolic dish solar cooker cooks at a faster pace and higher temperatures. Moreover, the Parabolic Trough Collector offers a more practical cooking solution. This research work evaluates the efficiency of the Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) in various real-world climatic conditions using locally available materials for reflector having 97 % of reflectivity and absorber tube made-up of copper tube covered with black colour sheet. Cooking system efficiency was tested, and the results ranged from 5 to 40%. Further, this study aims to identify an applied performance evaluation in Gujarat, India.
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Timarov, A. G., I. O. Eliseev, D. M. Borisov, and V. V. Mironov. "ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF DUAL USE SOLID ROCKET MOTORS." Вестник Российской академии наук 93, no. 12 (December 1, 2023): 1151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869587323120083.
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In countries, such as the United States, China, India, France, Israel and many others, solid-propellant rocket engine technologies are used not only in military missiles, but also in launch vehicles of the rocket and space industry. Such an approach of dual application of technologies makes it possible to introduce and develop new innovative solutions to increase the degree of unification of related technologies. One of the most important factors influencing the efficiency of using solid propellant rocket engines in space programs is the cost of solid rocket propellants and propulsion system components. For this reason, a high degree of unification of solid fuel products for various purposes is aimed at ensuring a high utilization of the industry’s production capacities, which can significantly reduce prices for materials, fuel and the design of propulsion systems as a whole. The analysis confirmed that the creation of launch vehicles based on rocket engines of solid fuel for military missiles naturally leads to a reduction in the time and costs for the development of such products, a reduction in technical risks and an increase in the reliability of the technologies used.
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Mukherjee, Paramita, and Dipankor Coondoo. "The Indian Inflation 2006–2016: An Econometric Investigation." South Asia Economic Journal 20, no. 1 (March 2019): 46–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1391561418822205.
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Recently several changes have been adopted in the conduct of monetary policy in India, like tracking CPI (Consumer Price Index), targeting inflation and so on. However, certain curious features of inflation may have some implications on the effectiveness of such measures. This article tries to explore the nature of inflation during the last decade. There are certain views about the nature of Indian inflation from the structuralist perspective. This article contributes to the literature by empirically testing those propositions and coming out with some significant policy implications. The article is based on monthly data from January 2006 to March 2016. By employing econometric techniques like cointegration and vector autoregression (VAR), the article tries to explain the movements of different components of WPI (Wholesale Price Index) and CPI inflation, both core and headline inflation and how they are related to macroeconomic policy variables. The empirical analyses focus on finding out the existence of co-movements among the inflation and macroeconomic variables, explaining the role of components like food and fuel price in driving CPI and WPI. The results have some important policy implications. First, the movements of WPI and CPI and their headline and core counterparts are not explained by same set of variables. Second, food inflation is not explained by agricultural output pointing to the insufficient increase in supply in agriculture. Third, the determinants of CPI headline and core inflation are not same. So, both of them should be tracked while formulating policies. The relationship among the components of inflation point to the possibility of some adjustment in demand from one set of goods to another, implying adjustments in terms of relative prices which needs further exploration. JEL: E31, E52, C32
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Kamesh, T. M. "Impact of Climate Variables on Paddy Production in Tamil Nadu, India." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 19 (September 1, 2023): 1244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i193663.
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The significant reduction in agricultural production in Sri Lanka, compounded by the rising prices of fuel and basin food items followed by agricultural food shortages in Afghanistan and increase in food consumption worldwide carry our global concern towards food security and sustainability mere self-sufficient in production. Agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate change. Extreme climate happens like heavy rainfall, high temperature and drought making heavy losses in agriculture regionally and significantly damaging the harnessing of better crop yields. As a major staple food crop, Paddy is selected for examining the impact of climate variability on paddy crop yield and variance thereof in Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Season and Crop Reports published by the Department of Agriculture, Government of Tamil Nadu and NASA Power Data are the secondary data sources were used for the study. Just-Pope yield function was used to determine the influence of climate variables on mean crop yield and variance. The results indicate that yield of paddy increases from the increase in temperature, however, are negatively associated with precipitation intensity. The variability in the yield of paddy also increases with increase in rainfall. The study has suggested weather-based crop insurance policy and climate-resilient farming techniques to reduce the losses to the farmers.
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Sajeev, Aparna, and Simrit Kaur. "Environmental sustainability, trade and economic growth in India: implications for public policy." International Trade, Politics and Development 4, no. 2 (November 10, 2020): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itpd-09-2020-0079.
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PurposeBased on the hypothesis of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between environmental pollutants (as measured by CO2 emissions) and GDP for India, over the period 1980–2012. The presence of an inverted “U” shape relationship is examined while controlling for factors such as the degree of trade openness, foreign direct investment, oil prices, the legal system and industrialization.Design/methodology/approachTo verify whether the EKC follows a linear, quadratic or polynomial form, autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach for cointegration with structural breaks is adopted. The annual time series data for carbon emissions (CO2), economic growth (GDP), industrial development (industrialization), foreign direct investment and trade openness have been obtained from World Development Indicators online database. Crude oil price (international price index) for the period is collected from the International Monetary Fund. Data for total petroleum consumption are collected from the US Energy Information Agency. Data for economic freedom variables are from the Fraser Institute's Economic Freedom Index's online database.FindingsThe findings support the existence of inverted U-shaped EKC in the short-run, but not in the long-run. A linear monotonic relationship has also been estimated in select model specifications. Additionally, trade openness has been estimated to reduce emissions in models, which incorporate FDI. Else, where significant, its impact on carbon emissions is adverse. A rise in fuel price leads to reduction in carbon emissions across model specifications. Further, the lower size of government degrades the environment both in the long-run and short-run.Practical implicationsGiven the existence of the pollution haven hypothesis, wherein more trade and foreign direct investments cause environmental degradation, the paper proposes formulation of appropriate regulatory mechanisms that are environmentally friendly. Additionally, India's new economic policies, favoring liberalization, privatization and globalization, reinforces the need to strengthen environmental regulations.Originality/valueIncorporation of economic freedom as measured by the “Size of Government” in the EKC model is unique. “Size of Government” deserves a special mention. The rationale for including this explanatory variable is to understand whether countries with lower government size are more polluting. After all, theory does suggest that goods and services, which have higher social cost vis-à-vis private cost, shall be overproduced in economies that adopt more market-friendly policies, necessitating government intervention. In the study, size of government is measured as per the definition and methodology adopted by Fraser Institute's Economic Freedom of the World Index.
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Кazakova, Nadiia, Gelena Neustroieva, and Vadym Hromov. "FOOD PROBLEM OF THE EASTERN REGION OF UKRAINE CAUSED BY THE WAR." Bulletin of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" (economic sciences), no. 4 (November 15, 2022): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2519-4461.2022.4.32.
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The article deals with the scientifically substantiated analyses of the food problem of the eastern region of Ukraine based on its essential importance for the world problem of avoiding hunger. Taking into account the fact that the potential of external production exceeds the needs of the domestic market it is necessary to conduct a research of solving food problems when planning the development of the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy..
This article considers such analytical issues estimating that Ukraine has been among the top five exporters of grain and legume resources for many years. Ukraine is one of the main countries that contributes to the agricultural sector of the world economy. The activities of future specialists, when dealing with the food problem, depend on the content and nature of the knowledge that not only the coronavirus pandemic, but also armed conflicts in most of the specified countries and climate change, several years of drought contributed to problems with agricultural production in the region.
The general provisions on analysis of various options for solving this problem are given and it is estimated that the analytical approach is the most optimal, since it allows you to build a diagram for comparing percentage of the most popular agricultural crops in the sown areas. It is advisable to consider the process of selecting most of the data that have been collected before the invasion. This research paper reveals the fact that much of the concern is related to shortages in the supply of staple crops such as wheat, corn and oilseeds, which could rise up prices. The invasion also led to higher prices for fuel and related fertilizers, leading to further food shortages and higher prices. The rise in wheat prices resulting from the conflict has become a problem for the countries, heavily dependent on Russian and Ukrainian wheat exports, and raised fears of social protest.
The article analyzes economists’ views on the process of solving the food problems.It should be noted that these main issues will affect further world market prices and inflation will rise. Due to invasion, the US Department of Agriculture published a forecast for the export of grain products from Ukraine. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations published information on the growth of the grain price index. Practical recommendations are provided for solving the problems.
The research has been developed to estimate that Ukraine is a leading country in the agricultural sector of the economy, which supplies food to the EU, Africa and India. Due to Russia's invasion into Ukrainian lands, many states may suffer from hunger and if the full-scale intervention into Ukraine is not stopped, then the world will face a food crisis.
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Surani, Piyush, Parmar Urmish R, Parth Dhameliya, and Harish Kapuriya. "Design and Prototyping of Micro Mobility Electric Vehicle." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 2228–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.50601.
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Abstract: The design and development of a micro mobility electric vehicle are detailed in this work. Since the last ten years, gasoline prices have increased in India, and air pollution is a major global concern. The majority of the city's air pollution comes from traditional power plants, but the vehicles that are driven around the populous areas also add to the problem. As the amount of green space in major cities is drastically decreasing, tiny mobility electric vehicles are becoming more and more popular as a form of urban transportation. Small, ultra-lightweight electric vehicles with long ranges may be the preferred mode of transportation. Due to growing concerns over issues including fuel prices, pollution, and increased traffic, electric vehicle (ev) are gaining popularity , as a vehicle an ev is quiet easy to operate and does not have the fuel costs associated with conventional vehicles, it is highly useful electric scooters work simply when the rider uses throttle , electric signals go from the throttle through wires to the controller , which instructs the battery to release electric energy to one or two motor in the wheels. the motor transforms that energy into a movement of the wheels , and the ev moves forward. Most of the component of system are either electric or electronic which are almost maintenance free for long duration. In the presented paper, the authors tried to prototype the concept that reduces overall cost of the vehicle with higher range of operation and with moderate speed such that the daily commuters in the city are benefited.
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Palaniswamy, Sivakumar, Sandhya Devi R S, M. Saravanan, and M. Anand. "Social, Economic and Environmental Impact ofElectric Vehicles in India." Journal of Environmental Science and Management 25, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2022_1/08.
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This study gives a general overview of the social, economic, and environmental impacts of electric vehicles (EVs) in India. The growing threats of global warming, excessive petrol dependence, ever increasing prices of fuel, and driving trends are just a selection of reasons which have accelerated the development of EV since the transport sector also represents a critical percentage of greenhouse gas emission. The aim of this study is to compare and analyze the development of the EV market and the government support in making the trend and accelerating it to save the nation and the world from pollution in India. Electric vehicles have huge potential from a user perspective. In the coming years, EVs will have a very important role in smart transportation and smart cities, along with shared mobility, mass transport, etc. Therefore, more efforts to facilitate the charging process and to improve batteries are needed. In a thrust towards incentivizing new age technologies and reducing its carbon emissions to net-zero by the year 2070, India is aggressively promoting the adoption of EVs. India aims to switch 30% of private cars, 70% of commercial vehicles, and 80%of two and three-wheelers to EVs by the year 2030. Increase percentage of renewable energy in the electricity mix and prevent air pollution caused from battery manufacturing. The recommended policies can be accepted by any market globally for reducing air pollution through increased adoption of electric vehicles. The environmental considerations of electric mobility challenges exist in terms of environmental impacts generated by the rising demand for electric vehicles.
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Chakraborty, A., A. Biswal, V. Pandey, C. S. Murthy, P. V. N. Rao, and S. Chowdhury. "SPATIAL DISAGGREGATION OF THE BIOENERGY POTENTIAL FROM CROP RESIDUES USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W6 (July 26, 2019): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w6-369-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Limited national fossil fuel resources and sustained increases in energy prices have resulted in nationwide efforts to study and deploy alternative energy sources. Despite high prospect, biomass resources has not been effectively utilized in India due to the lack of information on amount, type and time of its availability on a geospatial frame work to facilitate its transportability, establishment of bio-fuel plants tailor made for specific crop residues. Hence, a comprehensive approach towards geospatial mapping of bio-energy potential from surplus crop residues of selected crops (rice. wheat, cotton and sugarcane) over the Haryana state of India is implemented by utilizing a hybrid model combining both statistical and remote sensing technique. Bioenergy potential was calculated from crop production statistics collected at district level. The grain production data were converted into gross residue potential using residue production ratio. The crop residue was further converted into collectable crop residue using collectable coefficient. To generate the spatial map of the selected crops, potential crop masks were prepared using multi-temporal satellite data. These crop masks were then converted to crop fraction at 1 km grid level. MODIS NPP data product was then processed and converted into same 1 km to account the spatial variability of biomass potential. Using these crop fractions as independent variables, relationship was established with NPP as dependent variable using a machine learning technique (Random Forest algorithm). These crop specific response curves (crop fraction vs NPP) were utilized as a weight to disaggregate district level gross biomass potential to 1 km grid level. The spatial map thus generated provided spatial details of the type and amount surplus crop residues and could be vital input for planning and policy making of utilization of the surplus biomass resources of India.</p>
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Rudresh, Mr. "Functions, Role, Development, and Sustainability of MSMEs in the Context of Entrepreneurial Development." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 03, no. 12 (2022): 485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.2022.31207.
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Micro, small, and medium-sized businesses (MSME's) have unquestionably become a significant and dynamic sector of the Indian economy. In addition, this industry is extremely crucial to India's economic growth because it employs more people than the agriculture industry. The industry also generates one-third of all export earnings, accounts for around 8% of GDP, and aids in a number of other goals, like promoting exports, increasing employment output, encouraging entrepreneurship chances, etc. The main benefit and function of this sector is the possibility of low-cost employment. MSME's sector does, however, face a number of difficulties, such as high raw material costs, collateral requirements, rising fuel prices, competition from both domestic and foreign markets, a lack of credit facilities from financial institutions, etc. Every day, 79 MSMEs fall ill due to financial issues; although the government has taken numerous measures to help this sector, the issue still exists. Without unemployment growth and environmental concerns, India may not be able to fulfill its sustainable development target. MSMEs are a crucial component of maintaining sustainable development since they increase economic growth, create jobs, combat poverty, and lessen inequality. Sustainable development is possible through inclusive growth that upholds prosperity and human dignity. The study's goal is to evaluate MSMEs' performance and their contribution to India's continued sustainable growth. The survey also emphasizes MSMEs' usage of sustainable practices. The current article looks into MSME performance metrics, their potential economic impact, and other initiatives different parties have done to support MSME development in India
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Ratnakar Mane, Swapnil, and Dr Rajesh Kale. "Thermal Assessment of Evacuated and Flat Plate Collector Solar Water Heater for the Enhancement of Collector Area." International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies 4, no. 3 (June 18, 2024): 1325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.62225/2583049x.2024.4.3.2941.
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Over the past decade, India has witnessed a significant increase in the share of renewable energy sources in its energy mix, rising from 13.2% in 2010 to 24.8% in 2020, driven by governmental policies like the National Solar Mission and the Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO). This growth has been further fueled by diminishing fossil fuel reserves, rising fuel prices, and global emissions regulations. Consequently, there has been a notable surge in the adoption of solar evacuated tube collector-based domestic water heating systems, with installations in India escalating from 1.8 million square meters in 2015 to 3.2 million square meters in 2020, reflecting increased awareness and the tangible benefits of renewable energy technologies. However, challenges persist, especially in densely populated urban areas with limited installation space due to rapid urbanization. To address this, the study proposes reducing the collector area by varying evacuated tube diameters. Comparative analysis between evacuated tube collectors and flat plate solar water heaters aims to introduce a dual absorber solar water heater capable of harnessing direct and diffused solar radiation, enhancing hot water generation and system efficiency. Findings suggest that 48mm diameter and 1800mm length tubes are optimal for evacuated tube models, while a 4m2 collector area proves excessive for a 150-litre solar water heater. Theoretical validation using MATLAB aligns with experimental results. A dual absorber-based solar water heater is proposed, potentially reducing collector area by approximately 30%. Further research is recommended to refine the capacity and efficiency of this proposed model.
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Maheswara Rao, Mr P., A. Kundana Priya, A. Karthik Reddy, A.Poojitha, B.Likitha, and G.SaiManikanta. "DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF BICYCLE USING SOLAR PANELS." Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Optimization 15, no. 01 (2024): 1696–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.36893/jnao.2024.v15101.1696-1701.
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In the current context, the integration of a Solar Hybrid Bicycle system offers a promising solution to the pressing issues of fuel consumption and pollution. It's undeniable that the carbon dioxide emissions from vehicle exhausts contribute significantly to the escalating global warming crisis. With fuel prices on the rise in India and worldwide, the urgent need to explore alternatives to preserve natural resources becomes paramount.Encouraging the adoption of hybrid vehicles can effectively mitigate CO2 emissions and lower fuel expenses. Hence, the emergence of solar bicycles as electric vehicles presents a viable alternative by harnessing solar energy to charge batteries, thus powering the motor. Given India's abundant sunshine for approximately nine months a year, the concept of solar bicycles holds immense practicality in the region.To address this need, we've developed a Hybrid bicycle that integrates both solar energy and pedal-generated power through a dynamo to charge the battery and propel the bicycle. The system features an efficient solar/electric power generation unit mounted on the rear of the bicycle, capturing sunlight to charge the battery consistently. During periods of limited sunlight, the bicycle seamlessly transitions to battery power.To regulate motor speed, an accelerator is incorporated, providing precise control over power delivery. This innovative approach not only reduces operational costs but also enhances overall efficiency. Capable of reaching speeds of 25km/hr while accommodating an average-weight rider, the Solar Hybrid Bicycle emerges as a cost-effective alternative to conventional automobiles, underscoring the necessity for its widespread production and adoption
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Yemets, Alla I., Rostislav Y. Blume, Dzhamal B. Rakhmetov, and Yaroslav B. Blume. "Finger Millet as a Sustainable Feedstock for Bioethanol Production." Open Agriculture Journal 14, no. 1 (November 27, 2020): 257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874331502014010257.
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The current trend in volatile oil prices, global warming and environmental pollution, has encouraged major consumers worldwide to sharply increase their use of “green” fuels. Bioethanol is usually obtained from the conversion of carbon-based feedstock. Bioethanol from biomass sources is the principal fuel used as a fossil fuels’ substitute for road transport vehicles. Bioethanol is predominantly produced by the sugar fermentation process, although it can also be generated by the chemical process of reacting ethylene with steam. Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) is also known as Ragi (India), Kodo (Nepal), Uburo (Rwanda), Kurakkan (Srilanka), Bulo (Uganda), Kambale (Zambia) and Tamba (Nigeria) and can be used as an efficient source for bioethanol production. Despite all its importance, however, finger millet is still grossly undervalued both scientifically and internationally. This review observes current progress in bioethanol production from E. coracana feedstock and the effectiveness of various technological approaches for that. The main aspects of ethanol production from finger millet seeds have been considered. Seeds, which are already used for brewing, are the most obvious variant of feedstock for ethanol production from this crop. The conversion of finger millet straw and agricultural waste into bioethanol has also been reviewed. Practical results of development and testing the tentative technology of sweet sorghum and finger millet combined processing into bioethanol are described. The concept of the tentative technology of bioethanol production from carbohydrate raw material of the first and second generations is suggested.
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RATNER, Svetlana V., and Anastasiya V. SINEL'NIKOVA. "Comparative Analysis of Biotechnology Market Development in the BRICS Countries under the World Economy Decarbonization." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 21, no. 7 (July 28, 2022): 1265–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.21.7.1265.
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Subject. Rising prices for mineral fuels, their depletion, dependence of many countries on energy imports are the main factors for countries to switch to alternative fuels. Biofuels provide energy security, reduce environmental damage, and contribute to agriculture development. Objectives. Our aim is to analyze the BRICS countries policies on bioenergy development, to assess the degree of their compliance with the roadmap for decarbonization of the world economy by 2050. Methods. The study employs methods of bibliographic analysis, descriptive statistics, and comparative analysis. It applies statistical materials of the World Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the UN Climate Program, recent works by Russian and foreign scientists on bioenergy economics. Results. The analysis of time series of data on generation of bioenergy and capacities for bioenergy production in the BRICS countries revealed that Brazil was a leader in bioenergy development until 2019. Then it was replaced by China that increased the production capacity in bioenergy. Both these countries have had a steady growth of bioenergy capacities for ten recent years. The growth is also observed in India, but in Russia and South Africa, bioenergy is poorly developed, and no growth occurs. Conclusions. With competent implementation of the State policy to support biofuels, the development of biofuel technologies can bring significant economic and social benefits. However, the development of biofuel production requires a legal framework, clarity in the implementation of biofuel policies, and incentive mechanisms, like mandatory standards for fuel blends.
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Lagamappagol,, Niranjan L., and Dr Devaraju. "An Insight on Carbon Tax Structure in Indian Context – A Theoretical Assimilation." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 04, no. 02 (2023): 1525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.2023.4233.
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Global concern is raised by the rise in global temperatures and the resulting climate change. The Paris Agreement has been ratified by 175 countries under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, including India (UNFCCC). India has committed to promoting a healthy, sustainable lifestyle and to moving in a more environmentally friendly direction. More specifically, it has pledged in its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent by 2030, achieve a cumulative electric power installed capacity of about 40% from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030, and reduce the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33 to 35% from 2005 levels. India has implemented a number of regulatory and fiscal measures to help it meet its NDC objectives. India wants to increase its installed capacity for renewable energy generation from 35 GW in March 2015 to 175 GW by 2022, a more than five-fold increase. The Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) Programme seeks to lower industrial energy use and thereby lower emissions. A number of additional measures, including the nation's flagship initiatives on smart cities, river cleaning, and the Swachh Bharat Mission, are in line with India's efforts to combat climate change. The NITI Aayog's National Energy Policy reaffirms the significance of achieving decarbonization through the complementary strategies of energy efficiency and renewable energy. In order to cut carbon emissions, India has also implemented fiscal measures. Coal is subject to a 400 INR per tonnecess. Additionally, the market-determined diesel and petrol prices, the elimination of subsidies (the LPG subsidy was eliminated for consumers with taxable income of more than INR 10 lakh), and the gradual rationalization of the Kerosene quota under the Public Distribution System (PDS) are all decisions that are in line with the goal of reducing carbon emissions. The effectiveness of these measures has varied, and the carbon emitters don't actively monitor and control their CO2 production. In this context, it is suggested that the Indian carbon tax structure be examined in this paper. A tax on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is known as a carbon tax. The carbon tax, which was first implemented by Finland in 1990, has attracted increasing attention in recent years throughout the world. Some nations view it as a practical, affordable, and transparent way to encourage carbon reduction. It can result in overall economic CO2 emission reductions as well as significant co-benefits like lowered air pollution or increased tax revenue.
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Chettri, Santosh K., Ghanashyam Sharma, Kailash S. Gaira, Aseesh Pandey, Rajesh Joshi, Nakul Chettri, and Bharat Kumar Pradhan. "Forest Resource Use Pattern in Fringe Villages of Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary and Singalila National Park of Khangchendzonga Landscape, India." International Journal of Forestry Research 2021 (February 11, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8856988.
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Forests in the Barsey-Singalila transboundary area under Khangchendzonga landscape (KL) are facing pressures of resource uses. Despite continuous utilizations, complete data are lacking from the ground level. Socioeconomic, demographic, and forest use data were obtained by interviewing 233 households across two study locations. Forest product market survey was undertaken to determine prices of forest products. Resource dependence index was (0.60) high for both the locations. Alnus nepalensis is highly preferred fuel species with probability of use (0.791), and Rhododendron arboreum with probability of use (0.09) is considered as least preferred species. Relatively bigger village with more population is aggravating utilization pressures. Resource use at Gorkhey-Samanden is low (20% in case of fuelwood) as compared to the use at Ribdi-Bhareng (80% for fuelwood). Only preferred medicinal plants or wild edibles, namely, Yushania maling are collected regardless of their availability for fuelwood and other uses, which is causing more pressure on a small group of plants. A huge shortfall between resource demand and production indicates the possible extraction of resources from surrounding reserve forests. The results provide significant information on peoples dependency on forest resources and may be utilized for developing forest conservation policies for enhanced ecosystem services and livelihoods in the region.
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FARSI, MEHDI, MASSIMO FILIPPINI, and SHONALI PACHAURI. "Fuel choices in urban Indian households." Environment and Development Economics 12, no. 6 (December 2007): 757–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x07003932.
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ABSTRACTThis paper applies an ordered discrete choice framework to model fuel choices and patterns of cooking fuel use in urban Indian households. The choices considered are for three main cooking fuels: firewood, kerosene, and LPG (liquid petroleum gas). The models, estimated using a large microeconomic dataset, show a reasonably good performance in the prediction of households’ primary and secondary fuel choices. This suggests that ordered models can be used to analyze multiple fuel use patterns in the Indian context. The results show that lack of sufficient income is one of the main factors that retard households from using cleaner fuels, which usually also require the purchase of relatively expensive equipments. The results also indicate that households are sensitive to LPG prices. In addition to income and price, several socio-demographic factors such as education and sex of the head of the household are also found to be important in determining household fuel choice.
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Jyoti, Jiwan. "Relationship Marketing: A competitive Marketing StrategyIt’s Importance, Nature and Need: A Review." Journal of Management and Science 1, no. 3 (December 30, 2013): 444–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2013.49.
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In today‟s intense competition, it is very important for any business organization to keep their customers otherwise the competitors will attract them as business is all about creating customer, satisfying a customer and retaining a customer. Increasing inflation rate, increasing rate of interests, hike in fuel prices, global slowdown in economic growth are a few reasons of worry for the companies to think differently to maintain their sales and profit. The business organizations are struggling for their survival and sustainable growth. On the other hand, the new economic policy of India has also opened its trade for the multinationalcompanies. Therefore companies are trying to do something by which they can keep their customers and it is the Relationship Marketing which helps the companies to do so. It is an important tool for strategic competition management. As it is well known fact that a satisfied and loyal customer brings three new customers, therefore companies try all their efforts to maintain good relations with its customers. They are providing value for their money & efforts, they areproviding information about their actions, they are inviting them for feedback etc.
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Tyurina, E. A., A. S. Mednikov, P. Y. Elsukov, P. V. Zharkov, and E. V. Zubova. "Use of underground coal gasification gas for co-production of electric power and synthetic liquid fuel." Vestnik IGEU, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.1.022-037.
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The study is relevant due to increased interest to the underground coal gasification technologies (UCG). The interest is determined by the depletion of world oil and gas reserves, the significant amount of coal deposits in various countries of the world, the growing energy demand, as well as the threat of global climate change. The possibility to use technologies of underground gasification of low-grade coal with complex geological environment is huge. Recently, interest to UCG has grown dramatically. In contrast to all major programs of the 20th century, this unprecedented interest is mainly stimulated by private capital in response to high oil and energy prices. Thus, the studies of UCG are carried out. And more than 30 tests are planned in Australia, China, India, South Africa, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States. The development of competitive gas-based technologies of production of electricity and synthetic liquid fuels is a high-priority task. The studies have been carried out using a mathematical model of the unit for the production of electricity and methanol. To design a mathematical model, a software, or the system of machine programs development (SMPP) has been used. It has been developed at Melentiev Energy Systems Institute of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ESI SB RAS). The article presents the results of the study of the use of UCG for the coproduction of synthetic liquid fuel (methanol) and electricity. A detailed mathematical model of electricity and methanol production unit has been developed. Based on the model, technical and economic optimization of the schemes and parameters has been carried out. It made possible to estimate the competitiveness conditions of the proposed method of coal processing. In addition, the sensitivity of the economic indicators of the unit to changes in external conditions has been studied. Based on the results of the analysis of the cost of diesel fuel in the eastern regions of Russia, the authors have made the conclusion that at present methanol produced by the energy technological unit is as competitive as delivered expensive diesel fuel. The introduction of such systems is economically reasonable in the near future.
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Gribkova, Darya, and Yulia Milshina. "Energy Transition as a Response to Energy Challenges in Post-Pandemic Reality." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 23, 2022): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030812.
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The concept of energy transition has been adopted by national governments, international and regional organizations. The COVID-19 pandemic triggered increasing attention to climate policy, energy transition, and economic resilience. This paper looks at energy transition in selected countries with the use of case studies—China, the European Union, India, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and the United States. The aim of the study is to analyze the main approaches to the energy transition in these countries and the barriers which may influence this process. The study applies foresight methods such as trend monitoring, case study, and STEPE methods for barrier analysis. The outcomes include identification of energy priorities in the national context, key directions for future transformation, and selected countries’ approaches to the energy transition after the COVID-19 pandemic. All considered countries are taking measures for the energy transition, but the motives, pace, and priorities differ. Their approaches were grouped into ideological (the European Union, the United States) and pragmatic (Saudi Arabia, China, and India). Both groups attribute priority to the gradual shift to clean technologies and carbon-neutral energy generation. Russia occupies an intermediate position due to attention to consumers as well as high interest in diversification of budget revenues and the shift from fossil fuel. The list of barriers to energy transition includes an inappropriate level of technological development, inconsistency of renewable power generation, substantial/rapid increase in rare earth metals prices, economic sectors’ dependence on fossil fuels, lack of investment in renewables, restricted access to technologies, trade barriers, lack of political will, use of access to advanced technology market as a political tool, and renewables’ dependence on weather regimes, etc. The novelty of the study is in the scope of selected cases that give a broad overview of existing approaches to the energy transition, identification of two energy transition patterns, as well as trends, wild cards, and barriers on the way.
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Sarkar, Bishal Dey, Prasad Vasant Joshi, and Nisarg Shah. "Reverse milk run – the logistics retrenchment strategy." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 13, no. 4 (December 11, 2023): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-11-2022-0437.
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Learning outcomes After completion of the case study, students will be able to understand the concept of clustering and identify clusters for improving capacity utilization, analyse transport routes to optimize logistics resources, analyse the impact of a full truckload on resource optimization, evaluate unused capacity and ascertain the impact of reverse milk run to reduce the same and apply clustering and reverse milk run to optimize the logistics resources. Case overview/synopsis The case study is about a freight forwarding company that offered end-to-end logistics solutions for the exporters based in India. Within a short time span, the company became one of the sought-after service providers for its clients. However, when the company planned to expand its business by expanding its client base, the efficiencies reduced and hurt the profitability of the company. It was all excellent with the limited number of clients, but as the number of distantly located clients surged, the operating costs increased. Trucks were running with partial loads, thus reducing efficiency. The rate of increase in cost surpassed the rate of revenue every time. The cost per mile of transportation was on the rise. The surging fuel prices were adding to the heat. In spite of being one of the first choices for clients, the company could not generate good profit margins. If they chose to increase prices, the company would have lost customers to the cheaper unorganized players in the market. It was time to choose between growth and survival. The company could not sustain itself without devising a mechanism to reduce costs. The company would not have sustained itself without devising a mechanism to reduce costs. To sustain in the business, the company had to device a mechanism to reduce costs. Whether to continue operating the conventional way or to transform? Was there a logistics strategy that would have improved transportation efficiency and reduced the costs for the company? Complexity academic level The case study is suitable for teaching post-graduate management courses in operations and logistics, supply chain management and supply chain analytics, as well as entrepreneurship-related courses. Supplementary material Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CCS 9: Operations and logistics.
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Deshmukh, Reena, Tanuj Kude, Nikita Godambe, and Sahil Gawade. "Agriculture 1O1." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40551.
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Abstract: Agriculture is the backbone of Asian nation and therefore the farmer may be a crucial component of it. Agriculture is primary and ancient occupation of Asian nation, and it's a supply of support for many of the population residing in India. Agriculture sector desires plenty of public sector support for a property growth. Government has issued varied schemes and incentives to the farmers to supply them social and monetary security. The introduction of contemporary techniques in agriculture sector has helped boost-up the productivity level, alongside an improvement in price and labor used. Trendy agricultural technique's area unit dynamic approach to agricultural innovations and farming practices that helps farmers increase potency and cut back the number of natural resources required to satisfy the world's food, fuel and fiber demands. Value prediction may be a huge issue for farmers WHO don't seem to be tuned in to the market costs. Foretelling value of agriculture commodities helps the farmers to foresee the market and grow appropriate crop to maximize profit. Forecasting weather API provides information regarding the longer term weather, so farmers will pre-plan their agricultural activities. For forecasting of weather, we tend to record the pattern of weather of past few days and so predict the longer-term weather. Farm Profit Calculation provides farmers a tool to grasp a way to maximize monetary potency for his or her operation. We wish farmers to urge the foremost bang for his or her buck, and learn wherever they'll cut back inputs while not touching their bottom line. Hoarding is an act of aggregation great amount of merchandise and keeping it to yourself to extend the market value. Farmers encounter high production prices in their efforts to spice up production however hardly get truthful rating of their merchandise from the middlemen. Therefore, farmers will keep track on activities of the middlemen. Thus, the system helps the farmers to ease their life. Keywords: Weather, Price Prediction, Hoarding, Profit.