Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fuel location

Academic literature on the topic 'Fuel location'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Fuel location"

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Young, Kert R., Bruce A. Roundy, Stephen C. Bunting, and Dennis L. Eggett. "Utah juniper and two-needle piñon reduction alters fuel loads." International Journal of Wildland Fire 24, no. 2 (2015): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf13163.

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Juniper (Juniperus spp.) and piñon (Pinus spp.) trees have encroached millions of hectares of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.)–bunchgrass communities. Juniper–piñon trees are treated to reduce canopy fuel loads and crown fire potential. We measured the effects of juniper–piñon infilling and fuel-reduction treatments on fuel load characteristics at four locations in Utah. At each location, treatment areas were burned, left untreated, or trees were cut or masticated in a randomised complete-block design. We measured standing and downed fuels by size and type along 30-m transects on 15 subplots (30 × 33 m) per location before and 1–3 years after treatment. Increased tree cover was associated with decreased shrub and herbaceous fuel loads (P < 0.01). By 2 years post-treatment, herbaceous fuel loads were greater than pretreatment in all treated areas (P < 0.01). Cut and mastication treatments increased surface woody 10- and 100-h fuel loads and wood/bark cover (P < 0.01). Masticated-tree depth was a good estimator of fuel loads (R2 = 92). The conversion of canopy fuels to surface fuels reduced fuels that enable crown fire and extreme fire intensity. Cool-season prescribed fire may need to follow mechanical treatments to reduce surface fuel and the potential for wildfire damage to perennial understorey vegetation.
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Joyce, M. "Location, location, location." Power Engineer 18, no. 6 (2004): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:20040602.

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Jung, Kyusung, Junmo Yang, Sangchul Lee, Yongsik Yi, and Jaewook Lee. "Design Optimization of Fuel Sensor Location in Aircraft Conformal Fuel Tank." Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 46, no. 4 (April 30, 2018): 332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2018.46.4.332.

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Calzonetti, Frank J., Patrick C. Mann, and Tom S. Witt. "US power plant location and fuel mix." Energy Policy 14, no. 6 (December 1986): 528–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(86)90005-4.

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Zockaie, Ali, Hedayat Z. Aashtiani, Mehrnaz Ghamami, and Yu Marco Nie. "Solving Detour-Based Fuel Stations Location Problems." Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 31, no. 2 (September 16, 2015): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mice.12170.

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Hwang, Cheol-Hong, Andrew Lock, Matthew Bundy, Erik Johnsson, and Gwon Hyun Ko. "Effects of Fuel Location and Distribution on Full-Scale Underventilated Compartment Fires." Journal of Fire Sciences 29, no. 1 (May 24, 2010): 21–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904110372119.

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James, T. "Location, location, location [power markets]." Power Engineer 21, no. 5 (2007): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:20070505.

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Pickett, L. M., and D. L. Siebers. "Soot Formation in Diesel Fuel Jets Near the Lift-Off Length." International Journal of Engine Research 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 103–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/146808705x57793.

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Soot formation in the region downstream of the lift-off length of diesel fuel jets was investigated in an optically accessible constant-volume combustion vessel under quiescent-type diesel engine conditions. Planar laser-induced incandescence and line-of-sight laser extinction were used to determine the location of the first soot formation during mixing-controlled combustion. OH chemiluminescence imaging was used to determine the location of high-heat-release reactions relative to the soot-forming region. The primary parameters varied in the experiments were the sooting propensity of the fuel and the amount of fuel-air premixing that occurs upstream of the lift-off length. The fuels considered in order of increasing sooting propensity were: an oxygenated fuel blend (T70), a blend of diesel cetane-number reference fuels (CN80), and a #2 diesel fuel (D2). Fuel-air mixing upstream of the lift-off length was varied by changing ambient gas and injector conditions, which varied either the lift-off length or the air entrainment rate into the fuel jet relative to the fuel injection rate. Results show that soot formation starts at a finite distance downstream of the lift-off length and that the spatial location of soot formation depends on the fuel type and operating conditions. The distance from the lift-off length to the location of the first soot formation increases as the fuel sooting propensity decreases (i.e. in the order D2 < CN80 < T70). At the baseline operating conditions, the most upstream soot formation occurs at the edges of the jet for D2 and CN80, while for T70 the soot formation is confined to the jet central region. When conditions are varied to produce enhanced fuel-air mixing upstream of the lift-off length in D2 fuel jets, the initial soot formation shifts towards the fuel jet centre and eventually no soot is formed. For all experimental conditions, the observed location of soot formation relative to the heat-release location (lift-off) suggests that soot formation occurs in a mixture of combustion products originating from partially premixed reactions and a diffusion flame. The results also imply that soot precursor formation rates depend strongly on fuel type in the region between the lift-off length and the first soot formation.
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Bhatti, Shahzad F., Michael K. Lim, and Ho-Yin Mak. "Alternative fuel station location model with demand learning." Annals of Operations Research 230, no. 1 (January 21, 2014): 105–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10479-014-1530-9.

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Gunthe, Srushti. "Fuel Delivery Application." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 4488–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.52655.

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Abstract: The growing concern and importance of fuel assistance in the transportation sector have led to the development of an online platform called Fuel Delivery Application. This Android platform aims to provide a safe, reliable, and efficient delivery service for gasoline and diesel to users vehicles, whether they are in urban or rural settings. The application utilizes the GPS sensor of mobile devices to determine the user’s location and employs the K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) algorithm, a popular machine learning algorithm, to find the nearest petrol pump. When a user finds themselves stranded on the road due to a lack of fuel, the Fuel Delivery Application becomes a crucial service to rely on. Instead of worrying about finding a nearby petrol pump, users can simply use the application to request the desired fuel to be delivered to their location. The system ensures that the real cost of the fuel is charged, and additional fuel delivery fees are added accordingly
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fuel location"

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Reece, Warren Daniel. "Theory of cladding breach location and size determination using delayed neutron signals /." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13317.

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Schafer, Guy M. "Identifying Bio-Diesel Production Facility Locations for Home Heating Fuel Applications Within the Midwest Region of the United States." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1302263583.

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Middleton, Jason Enil. "Logistic Strategies for an Herbaceous Crop Residue-Based Ethanol Production Industry : An Application to Northeastern North Dakota." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29716.

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A mixed integer programming model is developed to determine a logistical design for maximizing rates of return to harvest, storage, transportation, and bioreflning of herbaceous crop residue for production of biofuels and feed for ruminant animals. The primary objective of this research is to identify the optimal location, scale, and number of pretreatment and biorefinery plants in northeastern North Dakota. The pretreatment and biorefinery plants are modeled under the assumption that they utilize recent technological advancement in AFEX and Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation, respectively. Potential feedstocks include wheat straw, barley straw, Durum straw, and com stover. Results indicate that the minimum ethanol rack price that will effectively trigger the production of cellulosic ethanol is $1.75 per gallon.
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Rundin, Patrick. "Evaluation of a statistical method to use prior information in the estimation of combustion parameters." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6255.

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Ion current sensing, where information about the combustion process in an SI-engine is gained by applying a voltage over the spark gap, is currently used to detect and avoid knock and misfire. Several researchers have pointed out that information on peak pressure location and air/fuel ratio can be gained from the ion current and have suggested several ways to estimate these parameters.

Here a simplified Bayesian approach was taken to construct a lowpass-like filter or estimator that makes use of prior information to improve estimates in crucial areas. The algorithm is computationally light and could, if successful, improve estimates enough for production use.

The filter was implemented in several variants and evaluated in a number of simulated cases. It was found that the proposed filter requires a number of trade-offs between variance, bias, tracking speed and accuracy that are difficult to balance. For satisfactory estimates and trade-off balance the prior information must be more accurate than was available.

It was also found that similar a task, constructing a general Bayesian estimator, has already been tackled in the area of particle filtering and that there are promising and unexplored possibilities there. However, particle filters require computational power that will not be available to production engines for some years.


Vid jonströmsmätning utvinns information om förbränningsprocessen i en bensinmotor genom att en spänning läggs över gnistgapet och den resulterande strömmen mäts. Jonströmsmätning används idag för knack- och feltändningsdetektion. Flera forskare har påpekat att det finns än mer information i jonströmmen, bl.a. om bränsleblandningen och cylindertrycket och har även föreslagit metoder för att utvinna och använda den informationen för skattning av dessa parametrar.

Här presenteras en förenklad Bayesisk metod i form av en lågpassfilter-liknande skattare som använder förkunskap till att förbättra estimat på relevanta områden. Algoritmen är beräkningsmässigt lätt och kan, om den är framgångsrik, leverera skattningar av förbränningsparametrar som är tillräckligt bra för att användas för sluten styrning av en bensinmotor.

Skattaren, eller filtret, implementerades i flera varianter och utvärderades i ett antal simulerade fall. Resultaten visade på att flera svåra avvägningar måste göras mellan förbättring i varians, avvikelse och följning eftersom förbättring i den ena ledde till försämring i de andra. För att göra dessa avvägningar och få goda skattningar krävs bättre förhandskunskap och mätdata än vad som var tillgängligt.

Bayesisk skattning är ett stort befintligt område inom statistik och signalbehandling och den mest generella skattaren är partikelfiltret som har många intressanta tillämpningar och möjligheter. De har hittills inte använts inom skattning av förbränningsparametrar och har således go potential för framtida utveckling. De är dock beräkningsmässigt tunga och kräver beräkningsresurser utöver vad som är tillgängliga i ett motorstyrsystem idag.

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Schlögl, Katrin [Verfasser], Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Arenz, Ulrich K. [Akademischer Betreuer] Heiz, and Kai-Olaf [Akademischer Betreuer] Hinrichsen. "Identical location transmission electron microscopy in combination with rotating disc electrode measurements : the activity of fuel cell catalysts and their degradation / Katrin Schlögl. Gutachter: Matthias Arenz ; Ulrich K. Heiz ; Kai-Olaf Hinrichsen. Betreuer: Matthias Arenz." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1014330203/34.

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Reeder, Kory Ray. "The Location of Lines." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1521462083959007.

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MAROCCO, PAOLO. "Hydrogen-based energy storage systems for off-grid locations." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2945185.

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Aloupis, Greg. "On computing geometric estimators of location." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31181.

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Let S be a data set of n points in Rd, and m&d4; be a point in Rd which "best" describes S. Since the term "best" is subjective, there exist several definitions for finding m&d4; . However, it is generally agreed that such a definition, or estimator of location, should have certain statistical properties which make it robust. Most estimators of location assign a depth value to any point in Rd and define m&d4; to be a point with maximum depth. Here, new results are presented concerning the computational complexity of estimators of location. We prove that in R2 the computation of simplicial and halfspace depth of a point requires O (n log n) time, which matches the upper bound complexities of algorithms by Rousseeuw and Ruts. Our lower bounds also apply to two sign tests, that of Hodges and that of Oja and Nyblom. In addition, we propose algorithms which reduce the time complexity of calculating the points with greatest Oja and simplicial depth. Our fastest algorithms use O(n3 log n) and O(n4) time respectively, compared to the algorithms of Rousseeuw and Ruts which use O(n5 log n) time. One of our algorithms may also be used to find a point with minimum weighted sum of distances to a set of n lines in O( n2) time. This point is called the Fermat-Torricelli point of n lines by Roy Barbara, whose algorithm uses O( n3) time. Finally, we propose a new estimator which arises from the notion of hyperplane depth recently defined by Rousseeuw and Hubert.
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Kat, Michael P. "Comparative studies of microseismic source location techniques." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61709.

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Dostmohamed, Hanifa. "Presentation of haptic shape through contact location trajectory." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82480.

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This thesis investigates a series of elementary cues, which together are thought to constitute fundamental components of the perceptual process arising from haptic interaction with an object. Results from a first study indicate that direct contact between fingerpad and object is important during haptic exploration. This was hypothesized to be so since the stereotypical contact region that is defined between fingerpad and object during direct contact is fundamentally different from the contact region defined through interaction of the object with an intermediary such as a probe. In an attempt to artificially create local contact region deformation trajectories, a servo-controlled mechanism was designed to roll a flat plate on the fingerpad during exploration of virtual surfaces thereby mimicking trajectories that are normally observed during direct fingerpad exploration of a physical object. Using the mechanism, it was demonstrated that through the presentation of this single cue an experience of touching three-dimensional shapes could be created. The importance of additional cues, such as number of contact points and motor control effects, on the haptic acquisition of shape information were also investigated.
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Books on the topic "Fuel location"

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Eckart, Karl. Die Raumwirksamkeit der strukturellen Veränderungen in der Brennstoff- und Energiewirtschaft Deutschlands. Saarbrücken-Scheidt: Dadder, 1993.

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New York State Energy Research and Development Authority., National Renewable Energy Laboratory (U.S.), and Stone and Webster Engineering Corporation., eds. Screening study for waste biomass to ethanol production facility using the Amoco process in New York State: Final report. Albany: The Authority, 1995.

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McMann, Denise M. Unintended or sudden acceleration in automobiles. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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C, Davison C., Whiteshell Laboratories, and Atomic Energy of Canada Limited., eds. The disposal of Canada's nuclear fuel waste: Site screening and site evaluation technology. Pinawa, Man: Whiteshell Laboratories, 1994.

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McMann, Denise M., and Denise M. McMann. Unintended or sudden acceleration in automobiles. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Resources, United States Congress Senate Committee on Energy and Natural. Civilian radioactive waste disposal: Hearings before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, first session, on S. 1007 ... S. 1141 ... S. 1211 ... S. 1266 ... S. 1428 ... July 16 and 17, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Civilian radioactive waste disposal: Hearings before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, first session, on S. 1007 ... S. 1141 ... S. 1211 ... S. 1266 ... S. 1428 ... July 16 and 17, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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University of Texas at Austin. High-Level Nuclear Waste Disposal Policy Research Project., ed. High-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel disposal: An assessment of impact evaluations and decisionmaking systems : a report. Austin, TX: LBJ School of Public Affairs, University of Texas at Austin, 1987.

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Frankena, Frederick. Strategies of expertise in technical controversies: A study of wood energy development. Bethlehem, Pa: Lehigh University Press, 1992.

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Zainul, Abedin Md. Household fuel availability and homegardens in some selected locations of Bangladesh. Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh: On-Farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fuel location"

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Degliuomini, L. Nieto, D. Zumoffen, and M. Basualdo. "Plant-Wide Control for Fuel Processor System with PEMFC: Control Structure Selection and Optimal Sensor Location." In PEM Fuel Cells with Bio-Ethanol Processor Systems, 361–404. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-184-4_12.

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Rasouli, Somaye, and Paulo J. Ferreira. "Understanding the Stability of Nanoscale Catalysts in PEM Fuel Cells by Identical Location TEM." In Nanocarbons for Energy Conversion: Supramolecular Approaches, 119–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92917-0_5.

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Mattioli, Giulio, Marco Dugato, and Ian Philips. "Vulnerability to Motor Fuel Price Increases: Socio-Spatial Patterns in Italy." In Studies in Energy, Resource and Environmental Economics, 89–115. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35684-1_5.

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AbstractEnvironmental taxes and oil market fluctuations can increase road fuel prices significantly and are likely to play a big role in the future. This raises social justice issues, as some low-income households rely on cars for access to services and opportunities but struggle to afford related expenses. The impacts of fuel price increases are unevenly spatially distributed, as shown by transport, planning and urban research. We investigate spatial patterns of vulnerability to fuel price increases in Italy, a country where the problem is particularly pronounced due to high motorisation rate relative to income, and high fuel prices. We define vulnerability as the combination of high exposure (high car use), high sensitivity (low income) and low adaptive capacity (high car dependence). Based on municipality-level data on motorisation and the journey to work from the 2011 Italian Census and official income tax revenue data for 2012 (as a proxy for income) we derive a composite indicator of vulnerability. The results show: i) a co-location of low-income and high car use on the periphery of many Italian city regions; ii) stark interregional differences, with lower income levels in the South driving high levels of vulnerability, despite lower levels of car ownership and use.
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Chaudhari, Ashish J., Vinay D. Patel, and Uday V. Aswalekar. "Compressed Biogas Fuel Performance Enhancement Under Variable Compression Ratio Accompanied with Variable Ignition Location Spark Ignition Engine." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 147–58. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3498-8_13.

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Liang, Xingxing, Zhongqi Wang, Pengyi Li, and Fuquan Zhang. "Computational Study the Effects of Venting Pressure and Ignition Location on the Fuel-Air Mixture Explosion Load in Vented Chamber." In Advances in Smart Vehicular Technology, Transportation, Communication and Applications, 239–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04585-2_29.

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Bratt, Duane, Patricia Larkin, and Xavier Deschênes-Philion. "Getting It Right? The Site Selection Process for Canada’s High-level Nuclear Waste." In Democratizing Risk Governance, 107–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24271-7_5.

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AbstractThis chapter focuses on assessment and risk management of the site selection process for Canada’s permanent high-level waste management facility for used nuclear fuel. It also examines the risk management approach related to the development of the transportation routes that will be needed to carry used nuclear fuel to the permanent deep geological repository (DGR). There are several types of risks (technological, environmental, human health, political, security, and financial) and uncertainties (epistemic, semantic, and normative) that exist in this case. Our goal is to better understand how those different risks and uncertainties are assessed by different groups (in particular the lay public, stakeholders, and experts) and handled by the risk managers. The REACT (regulatory, economic, advisory, community-based, and technology) framework is used to assess risk management practices for siting a location for high-level nuclear waste. After a general introduction to the case, three descriptive sections provide the level of individuals’ affectedness, the types of risk management intervention tools, and the level of democratization in the case. A particular emphasis is on the public consultation process for communities interested in hosting the DGR.
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Janet, Siltanen. "Occupational segregation: full-wage and component-wage jobs." In Locating gender, 67–96. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003081074-4.

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Janet, Siltanen. "Full-wages and component-wages in the 1980s." In Locating gender, 97–118. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003081074-5.

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Church, Richard L., Matthew R. Niblett, Jesse O’Hanley, Richard Middleton, and Klaus Barber. "Saving the Forest by Reducing Fire Severity: Selective Fuels Treatment Location and Scheduling." In Applications of Location Analysis, 173–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20282-2_7.

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Polat, A. Aytekin, and A. Sarkhosh. "Environmental requirements and site selection." In The fig: botany, production and uses, 171–83. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242881.0007.

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Abstract This paper explores the environmental requirements and site selection of Ficus carica. The ideal conditions for dried fig production are: temperate and rainy winters, 30-40°C summer temperatures especially in July-September, 45-50% relative humidity, alluvial, clayish-loam soil, and average annual precipitation of around 650 mm. Growing fig trees in intensive production systems under hydroponic and greenhouse conditions is an excellent alternative production system since it allows increasing leaf area index, harvest index and fruit yield in relation to the total biomass of the plant. In site selection for greenhouse production, most of the same factors as used in siting an orchard location should be considered: topography, soil and water quantity and quality, and marketing factors. In addition, the most important greenhouse factors such as light, temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and ventilation should be considered, as well as the most important marketing or economic factors such as road transportation, market accessibility (proximity to settlements, market demands), availability of services (fuel, fertilizer, disinfectant and electricity), and availability of labor.
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Conference papers on the topic "Fuel location"

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Karatas, Mumtaz. "Location Models for Alternative Fuel Stations: A Brief Survey." In 2nd International Academic Conference on Research in Engineering and Technology. Acavent, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.retconf.2021.07.88.

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Said, Ahmed O., and Ashwani K. Gupta. "Role of Fuel Injection Scheme in a High Intensity Combustor." In ASME 2016 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2016-59043.

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Fuel injection at two locations in a combustor using premixed, partially pre-mixed and non-premixed schemes has been explored for improved distributed combustion. The effect of dual location fuel injection to the combustor is examined and the results compared from single fuel injection. Focus of dual and single injection scheme was on enhancing reaction zone uniformity in the combustor. A cylindrical combustor at a combustion intensity of 36MW/m3.atm and heat load of 6.25 kW was used. Three different schemes of dual location fuel injection with different proportions of fuel injected from each injector were investigated using methane as the fuel. The role of fuel distribution between the two injection ports using constant air flow rate to the combustor at room temperature was examined on reaction zone distribution and pollutants emission. Three different equivalence ratios of 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8 were examined with different fuel distributions between the two injectors to the combustor at a constant overall thermal load. The results showed lower emission with dual location fuel injection as compared to single location. Dual location fuel injection showed 48% NO reduction with 90% of the total fuel from injector 1 while only 13% reduction was achieved with 80% of the fuel injection from this location. . OH* Chemiluminescene intensity distribution within the combustor showed that under favorable fuel injection condition, the reaction zone shifted downstream to allow longer fuel mixture preparation time prior to ignition. The longer mixing time resulted in improved mixture preparation and lower emissions. The OH* Chemiluminescene intensity distribution with fuel introduced through two injectors showed improved OH* distribution in the combustor. Improved mixture preparation enhanced reaction distribution in the combustor and lower emission.
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Lu, Jin, Peng Nie, Ren Ren, Yaping Guo, Qi Wang, Xinwang Zhang, and Lijun Zhang. "The Location of Spent Fuel Pins in Heavy Water Research Reactor in the Spent Fuel Pool." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-91465.

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Abstract Heavy Water Research Reactor was the first reactor in China. It adopted metallic uranium as fuel and aluminum alloy as cladding in the beginning. During the refueling procedure many years ago, several fuel pins dropped at the bottom of the spent fuel pool. The amount and the location of the fuel pins were not recorded. Before decommissioning, it is important to locate and take back the fuel pins. The fuel pin is φ40 mm × 100 mm and the pool is 17.8 m × 5.6 m. It is like dredging for a needle in the sea. What’s worse, it is not clear to find the fuel pins even with a waterproof camera for the bad water quality. Besides, radiation tubes, neutron detectors, and broken control rod were also stored in the pool.After reviewing on the localization method of radioactive source at home and abroad, it is determined to use γ dose rate meter and γ spectrometer in this case. Shields in different width and thickness were calculated with MNCP code. The optimization was 5cm in thickness and 5 cm width lead shield with a hole in the center. The waterproof camera was tied with Gama detector and finally 14 fuel pins were located and taken back safely.
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Straub, Douglas L., and Geo A. Richards. "Effect of Axial Swirl Vane Location on Combustion Dynamics." In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-109.

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This paper reports the effect of changing the location of axial swirl vanes on premix combustion dynamics. Tests are conducted in a specially designed single-injector combustor operating at a pressure of 7.5 atmospheres and an inlet air temperature of 588K (600F). All of the tests are conducted using natural gas as the fuel. The air velocity and equivalence ratio are varied over an operating map for four different axial swirl vane positions in the premix nozzle. In contrast to earlier studies reported from this combustor, the fuel injection location is fixed. The results confirm the importance of the convective fuel time lag for the different swirl vane locations, but also show that changing the vane location at a fixed time lag can significantly affect the magnitude of the combustion oscillations.
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Fischer, Katharina, and Joerg R. Seume. "Location and Magnitude of Heat Sources in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97167.

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The correct prediction of the temperature distribution is a prerequisite for the reliable determination of species and current distributions in any solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) model. It is even more crucial if the model is intended for the analysis of thermo-mechanical stresses. This paper addresses the different mechanisms of heat generation and absorption in the fuel cell. Particular attention is paid to the heating associated with the oxidation of hydrogen, which is commonly assigned to the interface between electrolyte and anode in SOFC modeling. But for a detailed determination of the temperature profile in the fuel cell solid components the separate consideration of the cathodic and anodic half-reactions is required. A method for determining the specific entropy change of the half-reactions based on Seebeck-coefficient data is adopted from the literature and applied to the SOFC. In order to exemplarily demonstrate the contribution of the various heat sources to the overall heat generation as well as the influence of their location, a spatially discretized model of a tubular SOFC is used. Temperature profiles obtained with and without separate consideration of the electrode reactions are compared. The comparison shows that the spatially descretized reaction model is indeed necessary for the reliable assessment of temperature gradients in the ceramic SOFC components.
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Liiva, Peter M., J. Morgan Cobb, and William P. Acker. "Swirl, Fuel Composition, Localized Heating, and Deposit Effects on Engine Knock Location." In International Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/932814.

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Wang, Kang, Jeongmin Ahn, and Zongping Shao. "A High-Performance Flame Fuel Cell Using Ethanol as Fuels." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67504.

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A no-chamber solid-oxide fuel cell that operated on a fuel-rich ethanol flame was reported. Heat produced from the combustion of ethanol thermally sustained the fuel cell at a temperature range of 500 ∼ 830 °C. Considerable amounts of hydrogen and carbon monoxide were also produced during the fuel-rich combustion directly providing the fuels for the fuel cell. The location of the fuel cell with respect to the flame was found to have a significant effect on the fuel cell temperature and performance. The highest power density was achieved when the anode was exposed to the inner flame. By modifying the Ni+Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 (SDC) anode with a thin Ru/SDC catalytic layer, the fuel cell envisaged not only an increase of the peak power density to ∼ 200 mW/cm2 but also in a significant improvement of the anodic coking resistance.
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Burnes, R., T. Parr, K. Wilson, and K. Yu. "Investigation of supersonic mixing control using cavities - Effect of fuel injection location." In 36th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-3618.

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Kumar, Ashwani, Saurabh Chanana, Venkta Narsi Reddy, Vaibhav Goel, and Aastha Chaudhary. "Distributed generation location based on fuel cost minimization in deregulated electricity markets." In 2008 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indcon.2008.4768826.

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Desai, Roopa, and Satyanarayanan Chakravarthy. "Effect of Fuel Injection Location on Combustion Instability in a Dump Combustor." In 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-216.

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Reports on the topic "Fuel location"

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Heath, Jeff, and Ernie Lory. Advanced Fuel Hydrocarbon Remediation National Test Location - Biocell Treatment of Petroleum Contaminated Soils. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada323444.

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Health, Jeff, and Ernie Lory. Advanced Fuel Hydrocarbon Remediation National Test Location - In Situ Air Sparging System (Revised),. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada323452.

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Linker, Taylor, and Timothy Jacobs. PR-457-18204-R01 Variable Fuel Effects on Legacy Compressor Engines Phase IV - Predictive NOx Modeling. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011584.

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The ultimate goal of this work is to improve the current control methods for large bore, lean burn natural gas engines in order to combat performance and emissions issues during variable fuel composition events. This will be achieved in the long term by simulating the effects of variable fuel composition on a large bore, natural gas engine and developing engine control strategies which work to mitigate adverse effects. The work of Phase IV adds onto previous work by enabling the prediction of NOxemissions in the validated, full-scale engine simulation of a Cooper-Bessemer GMWH-10C developed in Phase III. A sweep of fuel composition was also performed to assess the effect that variable fuel composition has on in-cylinder properties and NOxemissions. Engine-out NOxwas predicted via a chemical kinetic mechanism which was implemented into the existing engine simulation. The mechanism dictates the composition of combustion products in each cylinder, including NO and NO2(NOx). NOxlevels were measured at the simulation exhaust to compare with the experimental NOxdata acquired as part of the data collection carried out in Phase III of this project. The prediction was tuned in order to achieve the closest prediction to real measured NOxvalues. A preliminary sweep of fuel composition was completed by varying the mole fractions of ethane and propane within the natural gas compositions used in the simulation. Changes in in-cylinder pressure, location of peak pressure, in-cylinder temperature, and engine-out NOxwere evaluated based on their trend-wise behavior and compared qualitatively to expected results.
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Stakes, Keith, and Joseph Willi. Study of the Fire Service Training Environment: Safety, Fidelity, and Exposure -- Acquired Structures. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/ceci9490.

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Previous FSRI led research projects have focused on examining the fire environment with regards to current building construction methods, synthetic fuel loading, and best-practices in firefighting strategies and tactics. More than 50 experiments have been previously conducted utilizing furniture to produce vent-limited fire conditions, replicating the residential fire environment, and studying the methods of horizontal ventilation, vertical ventilation, and positive pressure attack. Tactical considerations generated from the research are intended to provide fire departments with information to evaluate their standard operating procedures and make improvements, if necessary, to increase the safety and effectiveness of firefighting crews. Unfortunately, there still exists a long standing disconnect between live-fire training and the fireground as evident by continued line of duty injury and death investigations that point directly to a lack of realistic yet safe training, which highlights a continued misunderstanding of fire dynamics within structures. The main objective of the Study of the Fire Service Training Environment: Safety, Fidelity, and Exposure is to evaluate training methods and fuel packages in several different structures commonly used across the fire service to provide and highlight considerations to increase both safety and fidelity. This report is focused on the evaluation of live-fire training in acquired structures. A full scale structure was constructed using a similar floor plan as in the research projects for horizontal ventilation, vertical ventilation, and positive pressure attack to provide a comparison between the modern fire environment and the training ground. The structure was instrumented which allowed for the quantification of fire behavior, the impact of various ventilation tactics, and provided the ability to directly compare these experiments with the previous research. Twelve full scale fire experiments were conducted within the test structure using two common training fuel packages: 1) pallets, and 2) pallets and oriented strand board (OSB). To compare the training fuels to modern furnishings, the experiments conducted were designed to replicate both fire and ventilation location as well as event timing to the previous research. Horizontal ventilation, vertical ventilation, and positive pressure attack methods were tested, examining the proximity of the vent location to the fire (near vs. far). Each ventilation configuration in this series was tested twice with one of the two training fuel loads. The quantification of the differences between modern furnishings and wood-based training fuel loads and the impact of different ventilation tactics is documented through a detailed comparison to the tactical fireground considerations from the previous research studies. The experiments were compared to identify how the type of fuel used in acquired structures impacts the safety and fidelity of live-fire training. The comparisons in this report characterized initial fire growth, the propensity for the fire to become ventilation limited, the fires response to ventilation, and peak thermal exposure to students and instructors. Comparisons examined components of both functional and physical fidelity. Video footage was used to assess the visual cues, a component of the fire environment that is often difficult to replicate in training due to fuel load restrictions. The thermal environment within the structure was compared between fuel packages with regards to the potential tenability for both students and instructors.
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Agrawal, Asha Weinstein, Serena Alexander, and Ashley M. Hooper. Understanding COVID-19’s Impact on Local Transportation Revenue –A Mid-Crisis View from Experts. Mineta Transportation Institute, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.1938b.

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When COVID-19 swept into the United States in early 2020, it upended two patterns of behavior critical to transportation funding: how people traveled and where economic activity occurred. This study explored how, one year into the pandemic, experts in California believed that the COVID-19 pandemic was impacting local transportation budgets. We interviewed 34 funding experts who represented local transportation and public works departments, state officials, and municipal finance experts. In these conversations, conducted from December 2020 to March 2021, we asked interviewees how they saw COVID-19 impacting their overall local transportation budgets in the short and long term as well as which specific revenue sources were particularly effected. Key findings were as follows: the transportation revenue impacts from COVID-19 varied greatly by place, mode, and type of local government; public transit was the mode that experienced the most drastic change in transportation revenues; federal coronavirus relief funds allowed essential services to continue through the pandemic; the shift to telework had an enormous impact on transportation budgets by changing the location of taxable activities and thus reallocating revenue differently across local jurisdictions; and COVID-19 spotlighted long-term challenges with both motor fuel taxes and the distribution of sales tax from online purchases.
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Bowlin, Elizabeth, Puneet Agarwal, and Rhett Dotson. PR-201-153718-R02 Integrity Assessment of DTI Pipelines Using High Resolution NDE. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011480.

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This is a new revision of the Year 2 work. The NDE-3-2 project seeks to advance the state of the art for integrity assessment of difficult to inspect pipelines by proposing guidance for application of alternate inspection approaches other than hydrostatic test, in-line inspection and ECDA/ICDA currently prescribed by Code and Regulations. The hydrostatic test and in-line inspection methods for integrity assessment have in common the concept that the full length of the pipeline is assessed. Many pipelines exhibit configuration and operational issues that preclude integrity assessment by the prescribed methods. The ECDA/ICDA structured processes employ evaluation of protective barriers followed by deployment of a small sample of high resolution wall thickness measurements. The NDE-3-2 study proposes a new structured process that evaluates low resolution NDE data of the pipe wall for the full length of the pipeline followed by statistically significant numbers of high resolution wall thickness measurements to predict the condition of the pipeline relative to the fitness for service criterion of corroded pipe such as prescribed in ASME B31G. While conventional ILI inspections or hydrotest rely on full coverage as the basis for evaluating the integrity of a pipeline segment, this structured process would seek to use partial inspections at discrete locations and then use Extreme Value Analysis to estimate the integrity of pipeline segments. The objective is not to provide guidance to replace ILI or hydrostatic testing but rather to offer an alternative for the purposes of gathering data to justify the safe prioritization of piggability conversion or pipeline replacement of difficult to inspect pipelines for both onshore and subsea. This report documents the current state-of-the-art for corrosion location NDE, selection models, and Extreme Value Analysis (EVA) Methodologies for deployment in a structured process as an Alternative to In-Line Inspection of difficult to inspect pipelines. The research on NDE screening technologies addressed in this report reviews technologies identified in the Year 1 work that can be used to screen the condition of pipe wall along its full length as well as existing location selection models such as employed by Direct Assessment Methodologies. This report leverages extensive research that has been conducted on existing Extreme Value Analysis Methodologies from multiple sources and applications including metal corrosion (HOIS, HSE), pipeline corrosion, metocean criteria, wind loading, and multiple textbooks. Multiple case studies are summarized in this report that demonstrate the use of the Partial Inspection Integrity Assessment process utilizing EVA on segments of a pipeline compared to results from full length integrity assessments (either ILI or hydrotest). This report also documents a full Extreme Value Analysis using a demonstration case study and then compares the EVA results with the wall thickness measurements from a full length integrity assessment as a validation example. Ultimately, it is the goal of NDE-3-2 to identify more case studies that might serve as demonstrations. The report also identifies gaps that currently exist and the work that must be completed to develop a complete validated structured process required to deploy the technologies for integrity assessment of difficult to inspect pipelines. The research also aims to compare predictions of remaining life using statistical approaches applied to the partial inspection data with remaining life obtained from conventional integrity assessment using ILI or hydrostatic test.
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Li, Yijin, Bethany Frew, Mark Ruth, and Ella Zhou. Electricity Costs and Carbon Implications for CO2-to-Fuels in Selected Locations in 2030. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1899988.

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Regan, Jack, Julie Bryant, and Craig Weinschenk. Analysis of the Coordination of Suppression and Ventilation in Single-Family Homes. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/slzh7498.

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Prior full-scale research with the fire service was primarily designed to isolate specific tactics, most often either ventilation or suppression, which allowed researchers to develop science-based recommendations related to the specific components of fireground operations studied in relatively controlled conditions. The current project went beyond earlier research by conducting twenty experiments in eight acquired, single-family residential structures and that combined fireground tactics to quantify the impact of coordination between ventilation and suppression actions. This experimental series included second-story bedroom fires (14 experiments) and first-floor kitchen fires (6 experiments). The main control variables studied included the position of initial application of water, the ventilation method, and the timing of ventilation relative to water application. The ventilation tactics examined in these experiments included horizontal, vertical, positive pressure, and hydraulic ventilation, while the suppression tactics included both interior water application and initial exterior water application followed by interior water application. While some elements of the experiments (e.g. structure floor plan and weather) resulted in increased variability, the lessons learned highlighted the importance of having a systematic approach to the implementation of tactics. Most importantly, there was no meaningful increase in temperature outside of fire rooms when ventilation tactics were executed in coordination with (shortly after or shortly before) the onset of suppression. The effectiveness of suppression actions in extinguishing the fire were dependent on the ability of those actions to 1) cool surfaces in the fire room and 2) wet unburned fuel. Exterior suppression actions on second-floor bedroom fires resulted in a decrease in temperatures throughout the second floor, followed by regrowth prior to final suppression through interior streams. When exterior suppression was performed on first-floor kitchen fires, where more complete fuel wetting was possible, regrowth was not observed prior to interior suppression. When surface cooling or fuel wetting are not possible due to the elevation of the fire room, missing ceiling, or obstacles, firefighters should consider alternative means of water distribution to improve the effectiveness of suppression actions from outside the fire room. Suppression actions, whether interior or exterior, generally resulted in a decrease in temperatures and gas concentrations at locations where occupants may potentially be located. Conditions improved most quickly at locations closest in proximity to the inlet of the flow path established between the front door and the fire room. For this reason, opening an exterior door to gain access should be thought of as an important ventilation action, both in terms of its potential to cause fire growth and its potential to improve conditions for potentially trapped occupants. After effective suppression, structure ventilation operations should similarly be cognizant of gas flows, with the aim of establishing flow throughout all areas where occupants may be located.
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Madrzykowski, Daniel, and Nicholas Dow. Residential Flashover Prevention with Reduced Water Flow: Phase 1. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/jegf7178.

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This study was designed to be an initial step to investigate the potential of low flow nozzles as part of a retrofit flashover prevention system in residential homes with limited water supplies. Not all homes have water supplies that can meet the needs of a residential sprinkler system. Current alter- natives, such as including a supplemental tank and pump, increase the cost of the system. These homes could benefit from an effective fire safety system with lower water supply requirements. The experiments in this study were conducted in a steel test structure which consisted of a fire room attached to a hallway in an L-shaped configuration. Three types of experiments were conducted to evaluate nozzles at different flow rates and under different fire conditions. The performance of the nozzles was compared to the performance of a commercially available residential sprinkler. The first set of experiments measured the distribution of the water spray from each of the nozzles and the sprinkler. The water spray measurements were made without the presence of a fire. The other two sets of experiments were fire experiments. The first set of fire experiments were designed to measure the ability of a water spray to cool a hot gas layer generated by a gas burner fire. The fire source was a propane burner which provided a steady and repeatable flow of heat into the test structure. Two water spray locations were examined, in the fire room and in the middle of the hallway. In each position, the burner was shielded from the water spray. The results showed that for equivalent conditions, the nozzle provided greater gas cooling than the sprinkler. The tests were conducted with a fire size of approximately 110 kW, and water flow rates in the range of 11 lpm (3 gpm) and 19 lpm (5 gpm). The second set of fire experiments used an upholstered sofa as the initial source of the fire with the water spray located in the same room. As a result of the compartment size and water spray distribution, the nozzle flowing water at 23 lpm (6 gpm) provided more effective suppression of the fire than the sprinkler flowing 34 lpm (9 gpm) did. The nozzle was similarly effective with the ignition location moved 1.0 m (3.2 ft) further away. However, the nozzle failed to suppress the fire with a reduced water flow rate of 11 lpm (3 gpm). The results of this limited study demonstrate the potential of low flow nozzles, directly flowing water on to the fuel surface, with the goal of preventing flashover. Additional research is needed to examine larger room sizes, fully furnished rooms, and shielded fires to determine the feasibility of a reduced water flow flashover prevention system.
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Bruce. L52027 External Weld Deposition Repair for Internal Wall Loss in Tees and Elbows - Further Validation. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011189.

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Pipeline repair by direct deposition of weld metal, or weld deposition repair, is an attractive alternative to the installation of full-encirclement sleeves or composite reinforcement, particularly for repair of wall loss defects in bend sections and fittings. Previous work concluded that the static strength of straight sections of pipe, field bends, elbows, and tees can be fully restored when the after-repair minimum wall thickness is equal to or greater than the nominal wall thickness, provided that the weld metal strength is at least equal to the strength of the parent material and that the repair overlaps the perimeter of the wall loss by at least one nominal wall thickness. This criteria was validated by full-scale tests that included a limited number of wall loss locations and end-restraint conditions. To allow the confident use of this repair method, additional validation experiments were required for different wall loss locations and end-restraint conditions. The objective of this project was to further validate the criteria developed in previous work.
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