Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fuel cells

Academic literature on the topic 'Fuel cells'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Fuel cells"

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YAMAMOTO, Takamitsu. "C207 DEVELOPMENT OF FUEL CELLS POWERED RAILWAY VEHICLE(Fuel Cell-1)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE) 2009.2 (2009): _2–213_—_2–218_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicope.2009.2._2-213_.

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Van Herle, Jan, Alexander Schuler, Lukas Dammann, Marcello Bosco, Thanh-Binh Truong, Erich De Boni, Faegheh Hajbolouri, Frédéric Vogel, and Günther G. Scherer. "Fuels for Fuel Cells: Requirements and Fuel Processing." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 58, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 887–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/000942904777677092.

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Riezenman, M. J. "Metal fuel cells [Zn-air fuel cells]." IEEE Spectrum 38, no. 6 (June 2001): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/6.925268.

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Hennings, U., M. Brune, M. Wolf, and R. Reimert. "Fuels and Fuel Cells: The “Right Way” from Fuels to Fuel Gas." Chemical Engineering & Technology 31, no. 5 (May 2008): 782–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200800054.

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Nakashima, Kohei, Yoshio Murakami, and Soichi Ishihara. "Educational Fuel Cells for Mechanical Engineering Students." International Conference on Business & Technology Transfer 2012.6 (2012): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicbtt.2012.6.0_101.

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Ramani, Vijay. "Fuel Cells." Electrochemical Society Interface 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.f12061if.

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Homma, Takuya. "Fuel Cells." TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES 6, no. 4 (2001): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5363/tits.6.4_28.

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Laughton, M. A. "Fuel cells." Power Engineering Journal 16, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:20020105.

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Laughton, M. A. "Fuel cells." Engineering Science & Education Journal 11, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/esej:20020102.

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Petroski, Henry. "Fuel Cells." American Scientist 91, no. 5 (2003): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1511/2003.32.3367.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fuel cells"

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Joseph, Krishna Sathyamurthy. "Hybrid direct methanol fuel cells." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44777.

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A new type of fuel cell that combines the advantages of a proton exchange membrane fuel cells and anion exchange membrane fuel cells operated with methanol is demonstrated. Two configurations: one with a high pH anode and low pH cathode (anode hybrid fuel cell (AHFC)),and another with a high pH cathode and a low pH anode (cathode hybrid fuel cell (CHFC)) have been studied in this work. The principle of operation of the hybrid fuel cells were explained. The two different hybrid cell configurations were used in order to study the effect of the electrode fabrication on fuel cell performance. Further, the ionomer content and properties such as the ion exchange capacity and molecular weight were optimized for the best performance. A comparison of the different ionomers with similar properties is carried out in order to obtain the best possible ionomer for the fuel cell. An initial voltage drop was observed at low current density in the AHFC, this was attributed to the alkaline anode and the effect of the ionomers with the new cationic groups were studied on this voltage drop was studied. These ionomers with the different cationic groups were studied in the CHFC design as well. Finally, the use of non platinum catalyst cathode with the CHFC design was also demonstrated for the first time.
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Murray, K. D. "Biochemical fuel cells." Thesis, University of Bath, 1988. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380401.

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Preece, John Christopher. "Oxygenated hydrocarbon fuels for solid oxide fuel cells." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2006. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/117/.

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In order to mitigate the effects of climate change and reduce dependence on fossil fuels, carbon-neutral methods of electricity generation are required. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have the potential to operate at high efficiencies, while liquid hydrocarbon fuels require little or no new infrastructure and can be manufactured sustainably. Using hydrocarbons in SOFCs introduces the problem of carbon deposition, which can be reduced or eliminated by judicious choice of the SOFC materials, the operating conditions or the fuel itself. The aim of this project was to investigate the relationships between fuel composition and SOFC performance, and thus to formulate fuels which would perform well independent of catalyst or operating conditions. Three principal hypotheses were studied. Any SOFC fuel has to be oxidised, and for hydrocarbons both carbon-oxygen and hydrogen-oxygen bonds have to be formed. Oxygenated fuels contain these bonds already (for example, alcohols and carboxylic acids), and so may react more easily. Higher hydrocarbons are known to deposit carbon readily, which may be due to a tendency to decompose through the breaking of a C-C bond. Removing C-C bonds from a molecule (for example, ethers and amides) may reduce this tendency. Fuels are typically diluted with water, which improves reforming but reduces the energy density. If an oxidising agent could also act as a fuel, then overall efficiency would improve. Various fuels, with carbon content ranging from one to four atoms per molecule, were used in microtubular SOFCs. To investigate the effect of oxygenation level, alcohols and and carboxylic acids were compared. The equivalent ethers, esters and amides were also tested to eliminate carbon-carbon bonding. Some fuels were then mixed with methanoic acid to improve energy density. Exhaust gases were analysed with mass spectrometry, electrical performance with a datalogging potentiostat and carbon deposition rates with temperature-programmed oxidation. It was found that oxygenating a fuel improves reforming and reduces the rate of carbon deposition through a favourable route to CO/CO2. Eliminating carbon-carbon bonds from a molecule also reduces carbon deposition. The principal advantage of blending with methanoic acid was the ability to formulate a single phase fuel with molecules previously immiscible with water.
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Saxe, Maria. "Bringing fuel cells to reality and reality to fuel cells : A systems perspective on the use of fuel cells." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Energiprocesser, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9192.

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With growing awareness of global warming and fear of political instability caused by oil depletion, the need for a society with a sustainable energy system has been brought to the fore. A promising technology often mentioned as a key component in such a system is the fuel cell technology, i.e. the energy conversion technology in focus in this thesis. The hopes and expectations on fuel cells are high and sometimes unrealistically positive. However, as an emerging technology, much remains to be proven and the proper use of the technology in terms of suitable applications, integration with society and extent of use is still under debate. This thesis is a contribution to the debate, presenting results from two fuel cell demonstration projects, looking into the introduction of fuel cells on the market, discussing the prospects and concerns for the near-term future and commenting on the potential use in a future sustainable energy system. Bringing fuel cells to reality implies finding near-term niche applications and markets where fuel cell systems may be competitive. In a sense fuel cells are already a reality as they have been demonstrated in various applications world-wide. However, in many of the envisioned applications fuel cells are far from being competitive and sometimes also the environmental benefit of using fuel cells in a given application may be questioned. Bringing reality to fuel cells implies emphasising the need for realistic expectations and pointing out that the first markets have to be based on the currently available technology and not the visions of what fuel cells could be in the future. The results from the demonstration projects show that further development and research on especially the durability for fuel cell systems is crucial and a general recommendation is to design the systems for high reliability and durability rather than striving towards higher energy efficiencies. When reliability and durability are achieved fuel cell systems may be introduced in niche markets where the added values presented by the technology compensate for the initial high cost.
QC 20100909
Energy Systems Programme
Clean Urban Transport for Europe
GlashusEtt
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Sultan, Jassim. "Direct methanol fuel cells /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 2003. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,162066.

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Zenith, Federico. "Control of Fuel Cells." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1537.

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This thesis deals with control of fuel cells, focusing on high-temperature proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells.

Fuel cells are devices that convert the chemical energy of hydrogen, methanol or other chemical compounds directly into electricity, without combustion or thermal cycles. They are efficient, scalable and silent devices that can provide power to a wide variety of utilities, from portable electronics to vehicles, to nation-wide electric grids.

Whereas studies about the design of fuel cell systems and the electrochemical properties of their components abound in the open literature, there has been only a minor interest, albeit growing, in dynamics and control of fuel cells.

In the relatively small body of available literature, there are some apparently contradictory statements: sometimes the slow dynamics of fuel cells is claimed to present a control problem, whereas in other articles fuel cells are claimed to be easy to control and able to follow references that change very rapidly. These contradictions are mainly caused by differences in the sets of phenomena and dynamics that the authors decided to investigate, and also by how they formulated the control problem. For instance, there is little doubt that the temperature dynamics of a fuel cell can be slow, but users are not concerned with the cell’s temperature: power output is a much more important measure of performance.

Fuel cells are very multidisciplinary systems, where electrical engineering, electrochemistry, chemical engineering and materials science are all involved at various levels; it is therefore unsurprising that few researchers can master all of these branches, and that most of them will neglect or misinterpret phenomena they are unfamiliar with.

The ambition of this thesis is to consider the main phenomena influencing the dynamics of fuel cells, to properly define the control problem and suggest possible approaches and solutions to it.

This thesis will focus on a particular type of fuel cell, a variation of proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells with a membrane of polybenzimidazole instead of the usual, commercially available Nafion. The advantages of this particular type of fuel cells for control are particularly interesting, and stem from their operation at temperatures higher than those typical of Nafion-based cells: these new cells do not have any water-management issues, can remove more heat with their exhaust gases, and have better tolerance to poisons such as carbon monoxide.

The first part of this thesis will be concerned with defining and modelling the dynamic phenomena of interest. Indeed, a common mistake is to assume that fuel cells have a single dynamics: instead, many phenomena with radically different time scales concur to define a fuel-cell stack’s overall behaviour. The dynamics of interest are those of chemical engineering (heat and mass balances), of electrochemistry (diffusion in electrodes, electrochemical catalysis) and of electrical engineering (converters, inverters and electric motors). The first part of the thesis will first present some experimental results of importance for the electrochemical transient, and will then develop the equations required to model the four dynamic modes chosen to represent a fuel-cell system running on hydrogen and air at atmospheric pressure: cathodic overvoltage, hydrogen pressure in the anode, oxygen fraction in the cathode and stack temperature.

The second part will explore some of the possible approaches to control the power output from a fuel-cell stack. It has been attempted to produce a modularised set of controllers, one for each dynamics to control. It is a major point of the thesis, however, that the task of controlling a fuel cell is to be judged exclusively by its final result, that is power delivery: all other control loops, however independent, will have to be designed bearing that goal in mind.

The overvoltage, which corresponds nonlinearly to the rate of reaction, is controlled by operating a buck-boost DC/DC converter, which in turn is modelled and controlled with switching rules. Hydrogen pressure, being described by an unstable dynamic equation, requires feedback to be controlled. A controller with PI feedback and a feedforward part to improve performance is suggested. The oxygen fraction in the cathodic stream cannot be easily measured with a satisfactory bandwidth, but its dynamics is stable and disturbances can be measured quite precisely: it is therefore suggested to use a feedforward controller. Contrary to the most common approach for Nafion-based fuel cells, temperature is not controlled with a separate cooling loop: instead, the air flow is used to cool the fuel-cell stack. This significantly simplifies the stack design, operation and production cost. To control temperature, it is suggested to use a P controller, possibly with a feedforward component. Simulations show that this approach to stack cooling is feasible and poses no or few additional requirements on the air flow actuator that is necessary to control air composition in the cathode.

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Hedström, Lars. "Fuel Cells and Biogas." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Energiprocesser, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-13219.

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This thesis concerns biogas-operated fuel cells. Fuel cell technology may contribute to more efficient energy use, reduce emissions and also perhaps revolutionize current energy systems. The technology is, however, still immature and has not yet been implemented as dominant in any application or niche market. Research and development is currently being carried out to investigate whether fuel cells can live up to their full potential and to further advance the technology. The research of thesis contributes by exploring the potential of using fuel cells as energy converters of biogas to electricity. The work includes results from four different experimental test facilities and concerns experiments performed at cell, stack and fuel cell system levels. The studies on cell and stack level have focused on the influence of CO, CO2 and air bleed on the current distribution during transient operation. The dynamic response has been evaluated on a single cell, a segmented cell and at stack level. Two fuel cell systems, a 4 kW PEFC system and a 5 kW SOFC system have been operated on upgraded biogas. A significant outcome is that the possibility of operating both PEFCs and SOFCs on biogas has been established. No interruptions or rapid performance loss could be associated with the upgraded biogas during operation. From the studies at cell and stack level, it is clear that CO causes significant changes in the current distribution in a PEFC; air bleed may recover the uneven current distribution and also the drop in cell voltage due to CO and CO2 poisoning. The recovery of cell performance during air bleed occurs evenly over the electrode surface even when the O2 partial pressure is far too low to fully recover the CO poisoning. The O2 supplied to the anode reacts on the anode catalyst and no O2 was measured at the cell outlet for air bleed levels up to 5 %. Reformed biogas and other gases with high CO2 content are thus, from dilution and CO-poisoning perspectives, suitable for PEFC systems. The present work has enhanced our understanding of biogas-operated fuel cells and will serve as basis for future studies.
QC20100708
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Schneider, Kenneth. "Photo-microbial fuel cells." Thesis, University of Bath, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675704.

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Fundamental studies for the improvement of photo-microbial fuel cells (pMFCs) within this work comprised investigations into ceramic electrodes, toxicity of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and hot-pressing of air-cathode materials. A novel type of macroporous electrode was fabricated from the conductive ceramic Ti2AlC. Reticulated electrode shapes were achieved by employing the replica ceramic processing method on polyurethane foam templates. Cyclic voltammetry of these ceramics indicated that the application of potentials larger than 0.5 V with regard to a Ag/AgCl reference electrode results in the surface passivation of the electrode. Ti2AlC remained conductive and sensitive to redox processes even after electrochemical maximisation of the surface passivation, which was shown electrochemically and with four terminal sensing. Application of macroporous Ti2AlC ceramic electrodes in pMFCs with green algae and cyanobacteria resulted in higher power densities than achieved with conventional pMFC electrode materials, despite the larger surface area of the Ti2AlC ceramic. The effect of electrode surface roughness and hydrophobicity on pMFC power generation and on cell adhesion was examined using atomic force and confocal microscopy, contact angle measurements and long-term pMFC experiments. The high surface roughness and fractured structure of Ti2AlC ceramic was beneficial for cell adhesion and resulted in higher pMFC power densities than achieved with materials such as reticulated vitrified carbon foam, fluorine doped tin oxide coated glass or indium tin oxide coated plastic. Toxicity of the MOF MIL101 and its amine-modified version MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 on green algae and cyanobacteria was assessed on the basis of both growth in liquid culture and by exclusion zones of agar colonies around MOF pellets. MOF MIL101 was found harmless in concentrations up to 480 mg L-1 and MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 did not exhibit toxic effects at a concentration of 167 mg L-1. Air-cathodes were produced from a range of carbon materials and ion-exchange membranes. Hot-pressing of Zorflex Activated Carbon Cloth FM10 with the proton-selective Nafion® 115 membrane provided the best bonding quality and pMFC performance.
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Henson, Luke John. "Solid oxide fuel cells." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610397.

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Pramuanjaroenkij, Anchasa. "Mathematical Analysis of Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/234.

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The mathematical analysis has been developed by using finite volume method, experimental data from literatures, and solving numerically to predict solid oxide fuel cell performances with different operating conditions and different material properties. The in-house program presents flow fields, temperature distributions, and performance predictions of typical solid oxide fuel cells operating at different temperatures, 1000 C, 800 C, 600 C, and 500 C, and different electrolyte materials, Yttria-Stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and Gadolinia-doped ceria (CGO). From performance predictions show that the performance of an anode-supported planar SOFC is better than that of an electrolyte-supported planar SOFC for the same material used, same electrode electrochemical considerations, and same operating conditions. The anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells can be used to give the high power density in the higher current density range than the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cells. Even though the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cells give the lower power density and can operate in the lower current density range but they can be used as a small power generator which is portable and provide low power. Furthermore, it is shown that the effect of the electrolyte materials plays important roles to the performance predictions. This should be noted that performance comparisons are obtained by using the same electrode materials. The YSZ-electrolyte solid oxide fuel cells in this work show higher performance than the CGO-electrolyte solid oxide fuel cells when SOFCs operate above 756 C. On the other hand, when CGO based SOFCs operate under 756 C, they shows higher performance than YSZ based SOFCs because the conductivity values of CGO are higher than that of YSZ temperatures lower than 756 C. Since the CGO conductivity in this work is high and the effects of different electrode materials, they can be implied that conductivity values of electrolyte and electrode materials have to be improved.
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Books on the topic "Fuel cells"

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Kreuer, Klaus-Dieter, ed. Fuel Cells. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5785-5.

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Bagotsky, Vladimir S. Fuel Cells. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118191323.

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Bossel, Ulf. Fuel Cells. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44539-2.

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Technology Information Forecasting and Assessment Council (India), ed. Fuel cells. New Delhi: Technology Information, Forecasting & Assessment Council, 2004.

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name, No. Fuel cells: Technology, alternative fuels, and fuel processing. Warrendale, PA: SAE, 2003.

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Luckarift, Heather R., Plamen Atanassov, and Glenn R. Johnson, eds. Enzymatic Fuel Cells. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118869796.

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Scherer, Günther G., ed. Fuel Cells I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69757-2.

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Scherer, Günther G., ed. Fuel Cells II. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69765-7.

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Press, Knowledge, ed. Fuel cells durability. Brookline, MA: Knowledge Press, 2005.

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Logan, Bruce E. Microbial Fuel Cells. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fuel cells"

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Kreuer, Klaus-Dieter. "Fuel Cells fuel cell , Introduction." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 3926–31. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_131.

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Sasaki, K., Y. Nojiri, Y. Shiratori, and S. Taniguchi. "Fuel Cells (SOFC): Alternative Approaches (Electroytes, Electrodes, Fuels)." In Fuel Cells, 121–77. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5785-5_6.

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Jiang, San Ping, and Qingfeng Li. "Fuels for Fuel Cells." In Introduction to Fuel Cells, 123–70. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7626-8_4.

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Kundu, A., K. Karan, B. A. Peppley, Y. Sahai, Y. D. Premchand, A. Bieberle-Hutter, L. J. Gauckler, and U. Schröder. "Fuel cells – Exploratory fuel cell | Micro-fuel cells." In Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering. Elsevier, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-96022-9.00334-0.

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Saquib, Mohammad, Akshay Sharma, and Amit C. Bhosale. "Fuel cells – Phosphoric acid fuel cell | Fuel cells – Phosphoric acid fuel cells." In Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering. Elsevier, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-96022-9.00175-4.

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"Fuels for the Fuel Cell Technology." In Fuel Cells, 297–338. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/352760653x.ch8.

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Dutta, K., P. P. Kundu, and A. Kundu. "FUEL CELLS – EXPLORATORY FUEL CELLS | Micro-Fuel Cells." In Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-409547-2.10975-8.

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Barbir, F. "FUEL CELLS – EXPLORATORY FUEL CELLS | Regenerative Fuel Cells." In Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources, 224–37. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044452745-5.00288-4.

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Schröder, U. "FUEL CELLS – EXPLORATORY FUEL CELLS | Microbial Fuel Cells." In Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources, 206–16. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044452745-5.00290-2.

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Kundu, A., K. Karan, B. A. Peppley, and Y. Sahai. "FUEL CELLS – EXPLORATORY FUEL CELLS | Micro-Fuel Cells." In Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources, 217–23. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044452745-5.00913-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fuel cells"

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Barge, Shawn, Richard Woods, and Joshua L. Mauzey. "Fuel-Flexible, Fuel Processors (F3P) — Reforming Infrastructure Fuels for Fuel Cells." In SAE 2000 World Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-0009.

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Barge, Shawn, and Richard Woods. "Fuel-Flexible, Fuel Processors (F3P) - Reforming Infrastructure Fuels for Fuel Cells." In SAE 2001 World Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-1341.

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Izenson, Michael G., and Roger W. Hill. "Water Balance in PEM Fuel Cells." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33168.

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Fuel cells based on polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) are attractive power sources because they are efficient, non-polluting, and do not rely on non-renewable fossil fuels. Water management is a critical design issue for these fuel cells because the PEM must be maintained at the proper water content to remain ionically conducting without flooding the electrodes. Furthermore, portable PEM power systems should operate at water balance. That is, water losses from the cell should be balanced by the rate of water production from the fuel cell reaction. A portable system that operates at water balance does not require an external supply of water. The rate of water production depends on the cell’s electrochemical characteristics. The rate of water loss depends on the flow rates of reactants and products, transport of water and fuel across the PEM, and the stack operating temperature. This paper presents the basic design relationships that govern water balance in a PEM fuel cell. Specific calculations are presented based on data from hydrogen/air and direct methanol fuel cells currently under development for portable power systems. We will show how the water balance operating point depends on the cell operating parameters and show the sensitivity to off-design conditions.
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VAN VEEN, J. A. R. "FUEL CELLS." In Proceedings of the NIOK (Netherlands Institute for Catalysis Research) Course on Catalytic Oxidation. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814503884_0007.

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Borup, Rodney L., Michael A. Inbody, José I. Tafoya, William J. Vigil, and Troy A. Semelsberger. "Fuels Testing in Fuel Reformers for Transportation Fuel Cells." In SAE Powertrain & Fluid Systems Conference & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-3271.

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Srinivasan, Supramanian, Lakshmi Krishnan, Andrew B. Bocarsly, Kan-Lin Hsueh, Chiou-Chu Lai, and Alex Peng. "Fuel Cells vs. Competing Technologies." In ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2003-1723.

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Investments of over $1 B have been made for Fuel Cell R&D over the past five decades, for space and terrestrial applications; the latter includes military, residential power and heating, transportation and remote and portable power. The types of fuel cells investigated for these applications are PEMFCs (proton exchange membrane fuel cells), AFCs (alkaline fuel cells), DMFCs (direct methanol fuel cells), PAFCs (phosphoric acid fuel cells), MCFCs (molten carbon fuel cells), SOFCs (solid oxide fuel cells). Cell structure, operating principles, and characteristics of each type of fuel cell is briefly compared. The performances of fuel cells vs. competing technologies are analyzed. The key issues are which of these energy conversion systems are technologically advanced and economically favorable and can meet the lifetime, reliability and safety requirements. This paper reviews fuel cells vs. competing technologies in each application category from a scientific and engineering point of view.
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Parise, J. A. R., J. V. C. Vargas, and R. Pitanga Marques. "Fuel Cells and Cogeneration." In ASME 2005 3rd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2005-74181.

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Although historically grown as independent energy technologies, fuel cell and cogeneration may adequately work to each other’s benefit. Some fuel cells deliver heat at sufficiently high temperatures, which can be certainly used as heat sources for cogeneration or trigeneration schemes. The paper presents an overview of the innumerable combinations of the simultaneous production, with fuel cells, of (i) heat and power, (ii) cold and electricity, and (iii) cold, heat and electricity, in its multiple varieties. The survey included combined power cycles (also called hybrid systems) where the fuel cell works together with other thermodynamic cycles to produce, with a high fuel-to-electricity efficiency, electricity alone. A large number of cogeneration arrangements are mentioned. Some are described in detail. A brief analysis of benefits and drawbacks of such systems was undertaken. The review was limited to articles published in archival periodicals, proceedings and a few technical reports, theses and books.
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Ruf, H. J., B. J. Landi, and R. P. Raffaelle. "SWNT Enhanced PEM Fuel Cells." In ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2004-2527.

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Considerable interest exists in the application of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Proposed applications include use as anode materials in both hydrogen and direct methanol fuel cells, solid polymer electrolyte additives, active cathode materials, and bipolar plate interconnects. SWNTs have extremely high electrical conductivity and catalytic surface areas which make them potentially outstanding active materials for PEMFC electrodes. Additionally the enhanced mechanical properties may play a roll in developing new fuel cell designs such as thin-film microelectronic fuel cells. In a previous study SWNTs were combined with commercially obtained E-TEK Vulcan XC-72 and Nafion® to produce composite cathode membranes. The addition of nanotubes resulted in enhanced fuel cell performance over an equivalent weight percent doping of E-TEK alone. This increased performance was achieved with a 50% reduction in the quantity of platinum present in the cathode. In the present study we investigate fuel cell performance when both the anode and cathode membranes contain graphite, platinum and SWNTs. The SWNTs were characterized by use of thermogravimetric analysis, Raman and UV/VIS/NIR spectroscopes as well as high resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy. Fuel cell performance was determined by comparison of the IV characteristics.
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Hemmes, Kas. "Fuel Cells: What’s Up Next?" In ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2003-1696.

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Fuel cells are defined as devices that convert chemical energy into heat and electric power. However, depending on their type, fuel cells have special features that can be used advantageously in for instance the chemical process industry of which examples will be given. Nevertheless these new applications use existing fuel cells like the MCFC. This is very exiting and many new possibilities are yet to be explored. However there is no principle reason why we should limit fuel cell technology to present types and the well known fuels like hydrogen, methane and methanol and air as oxidant. Recently interest in the direct conversion of carbon as a fuel has revived which has led to the development of a DCFC (direct carbon fuel cell) based on MCFC technology. Lawrence Livermore National Lab has demonstrated the DCFC successfully on a bench scale size. Also H2S is considered as a fuel. Further ahead opportunities are to be explored by replacing exothermic reaction in the chemical process industry such as partial oxidation reactions by their electrochemical counterpart. Thereby electricity is generated instead of excessive waste heat. Now that fuel cell technology is getting mature we can think of adopting this technology in new dedicated fuel cell types, with relatively short development trajectories, for application in totally new fields where electricity may just be a by-product.
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Swette, Larry L., Nancy D. Kackley, and Anthony B. LaConti. "Regenerative Fuel Cells." In 27th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (1992). 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/929087.

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Reports on the topic "Fuel cells"

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Dhar, H. P., J. H. Lee, and K. A. Lewinski. Self-humidified proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Operation of larger cells and fuel cell stacks. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460298.

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Dr. Ruiming Zhang. Powering Cell Phones with Fuel Cells Running on Renewable Fuels. US: Tekion, Inc., January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/899684.

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Fuller, T. F., M. E. Gorman, and L. L. Van Dine. PEM fuel cell applications and their development at International Fuel Cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460313.

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Penner, S. S., A. J. Appleby, B. S. Baker, J. L. Bates, L. B. Buss, W. J. Dollard, P. J. Farris, et al. Commercialization of fuel-cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/810984.

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Holcomb, Franklin H., Michael J. Binder, William R. Taylor, J. M. Torrey, and John F. Westerman. Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada391823.

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Kumar, Binod. Fuel Cell Support Testing. Delivery Order 0029: Fuel Cells for Aerospace Power. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada430696.

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WANG, X., and J. A. RODRIGUEZ. H2 PRODUCTION AND FUEL CELLS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/893011.

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Holdway, A., and O. Inderwildi. Fuel Cells: A Concise Overeview. Oxford, UK: SSEE, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4210/ssee.res.2009.0001.

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Cocks, F. H., and H. LaViers. Novel carbon-ion fuel cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/379970.

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None, None. Breakthrough vehicle development - Fuel cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1219575.

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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Fuel cells' for particular source types:
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