Academic literature on the topic 'Fuel cell diagnostics, impedance spectroscopy'
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Journal articles on the topic "Fuel cell diagnostics, impedance spectroscopy"
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Piela, Piotr, Robert Fields, and Piotr Zelenay. "Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Diagnostics." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 153, no. 10 (2006): A1902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2266623.
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Caponetto, Riccardo, Fabio Matera, Emanuele Murgano, Emanuela Privitera, and Maria Gabriella Xibilia. "Fuel Cell Fractional-Order Model via Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy." Fractal and Fractional 5, no. 1 (March 6, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract5010021.
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The knowledge of the electrochemical processes inside a Fuel Cell (FC) is useful for improving FC diagnostics, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is one of the most used techniques for electrochemical characterization. This paper aims to propose the identification of a Fractional-Order Transfer Function (FOTF) able to represent the FC behavior in a set of working points. The model was identified by using a data-driven approach. Experimental data were obtained testing a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) to measure the cell impedance. A genetic algorithm was firstly used to determine the sets of fractional-order impedance model parameters that best fit the input data in each analyzed working point. Then, a method was proposed to select a single set of parameters, which can represent the system behavior in all the considered working conditions. The comparison with an equivalent circuit model taken from the literature is reported, showing the advantages of the proposed approach.
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Halvorsen, Ivar J., Ivan Pivac, Dario Bezmalinović, Frano Barbir, and Federico Zenith. "Electrochemical low-frequency impedance spectroscopy algorithm for diagnostics of PEM fuel cell degradation." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 2 (January 2020): 1325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.04.004.
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Le, G. T., L. Mastropasqua, J. Brouwer, and S. B. Adler. "Simulation-Informed Machine Learning Diagnostics of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 034530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac59f4.
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This paper reports our initial development of simulation-informed machine learning algorithms for failure diagnostics in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems. We used physics-based models to simulate electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) response of a short SOFC stack under normal conditions and under three different failure modes: fuel maldistribution, delamination, and oxidant gas crossover to the anode channel. These data were used to train a support vector machine (SVM) model, which is able to detect and differentiate these failures in simulated data under various conditions. The SVM model can also distinguish these failures from simulated uniform degradation that often occurs with long-term operation. These encouraging results are guiding our ongoing efforts to apply EIS as a failure diagnostic for real SOFC cells and short stacks.
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Sun, Ying, Thomas Kadyk, Andrei Kulikovsky, and Michael Eikerling. "(Digital Presentation) Concentration Admittance Spectroscopy for Oxygen Transport Diagnostics in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 39 (October 9, 2022): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02391401mtgabs.
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Polymer electrolyte fuel cells will be crucial as efficient and environmentally benign energy conversion devices in a sustainable hydrogen economy. The further development and deployment of PEFCs require powerful diagnostic tools to assess the interplay of transport and reaction processes in an operating cell, extract the relevant parameters, and perform causal analyses of deviations from healthy cell operation. The diagnostic capabilities of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are widely known and extensively exploited in disentangling the transport and reaction processes in electrochemical cells. The kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and thus the current density produced by a PEFC at a given cell voltage are not only sensitive to modulations in the electrode potential (or cell voltage), as used in EIS, but they are also affected by modulations in oxygen concentration. The latter effect gives rise to another impedance-type response referred to as concentration or pressure impedance. An oxygen concentration impedance (ζ = δE/δc, where δE and δc are the small-amplitude harmonic perturbations of cell voltage and oxygen concentration) could provide useful complementary capabilities to scrutinize oxygen transport processes. Various experimental works have explored the possibility of probing the response of the PEFC cell voltage with small-amplitude periodic perturbations in oxygen concentration or gas pressure1-6 and numerical models have been developed to rationalize these response functions.4,7-9 The presented work builds on a recently developed analytical model for the oxygen concentration/pressure impedance.10,11 In that work, the limit of large air flow stoichiometry and large oxygen transport loss in the catalyst layer was considered. The present work relaxes these assumptions and it focuses on the case of the so-called concentration admittance spectroscopy, which is based on the hitherto unexplored idea of measuring the response in the oxygen concentration variation to a voltage perturbation. We will present a newly developed quasi-2D model for the cathode side concentration admittance of a PEFC that accounts for oxygen transport in the flow-field channel, in the gas diffusion layer, and in the cathode catalyst layer. An analytical expression for the concentration admittance will be presented and parametric dependencies of the static admittance will be discussed. We will demonstrate how information on the oxygen transport coefficients in the flow field channel, gas diffusion layer, and catalyst layer can be drawn from the admittance at the air channel outlet. References: 1Amir M Niroumand, Walter Merida, Michael Eikerling, and Mehrdad Saif, Electrochemistry Communications, 12(1):122, 2010. 2Erik Engebretsen, Thomas J Mason, Paul R Shearing, Gareth Hinds, and Dan JL Brett, Electrochemistry Communications, 75:60 63, 2017. 3Anantrao Vijay Shirsath, Stephane Rael, Caroline Bonnet, and Francois Lapicque , Electrochimica Acta, 363:137157, 2020. 4Lutz Schiffer, Anantrao Vijay Shirsath, Stephane Rael, Caroline Bonnet, Francois Lapicque, and Wolfgang G Bessler. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 169(3):034503, 2022. 5Qingxin Zhang, Michael H Eikerling, and Byron D Gates. In ECS Meeting Abstracts, number 20, page 1586, 2020. 6Qingxin Zhang, Hooman Homayouni, Byron Gates, Michael Eikerling, and Amir Niroumand. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2022. 7Antonio Sorrentino, Tanja Vidakovic-Koch, Richard Hanke-Rauschenbach, and Kai Sundmacher. Electrochim. Acta, 243:53 64, 2017. 8Antonio Sorrentino, T Vidakovic-Koch, and Kai Sundmacher. J. Power Sources, 412:331 335, 2019. 9Antonio Sorrentino, Kai Sundmacher, and Tanja Vidakovic-Koch. D. Electrochim. Acta, 390:138788, 2021. 10Andrei Kulikovsky. eTransportation 2:100026, 2019. 11Andrei Kulikovsky. J. Electroanal. Chem., 899:115672, 2021. Figure 1
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Pivac, Ivan, Dario Bezmalinović, and Frano Barbir. "Catalyst degradation diagnostics of proton exchange membrane fuel cells using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 43, no. 29 (July 2018): 13512–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.05.095.
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Le, Giang Tra, Luca Mastropasqua, Stuart B. Adler, and Jack Brouwer. "Operando Diagnostics of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack Via Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Simulation-Informed Machine Learning." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2021-03, no. 1 (July 23, 2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2021-03138mtgabs.
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Le, Giang Tra, Luca Mastropasqua, Stuart B. Adler, and Jack Brouwer. "Operando Diagnostics of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack Via Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Simulation-Informed Machine Learning." ECS Transactions 103, no. 1 (July 9, 2021): 1201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10301.1201ecst.
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Kahia, Hichem, Saadi Aicha, Djamel Herbadji, Abderrahmane Herbadji, and Said Bedda. "Neural Network based Diagnostic of PEM Fuel Cell." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 23, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v23i4.a02.
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This paper focuses in finding a suitable, effective, and easy to use method, to avoid the frequent mistakes that are presented by the poor flow of water inside the fuel cell during its operation. Towards this aim, the artificial intelligence technology is proposed. More specifically, a neural network model is used to enable monitoring the influence of the humidity content of the fuel cell membrane, through employing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method (EIS analysis). This technique allows analyzing and diagnosing PEM fuel cell failure modes (flooding & drying). The benefit of this work is summed up in the demonstration of the existence in a simple way that helps to define the state of health of the PEMFC.
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Zhang, Qingxin, Hooman Homayouni, Byron D. Gates, Michael H. Eikerling, and Amir M. Niroumand. "Electrochemical Pressure Impedance Spectroscopy for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells via Back-Pressure Control." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 044510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac6326.
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Electrochemical pressure impedance spectroscopy (EPIS) analyses the voltage response of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) as a function of an applied pressure signal in the frequency domain. EPIS is similar to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and its development was inspired by the diagnostic capabilities of the latter. The EPIS introduced in this work modulates the cathode pressure of a PEFC with a sinusoidal signal through the use of a back-pressure controller, and monitors the cell voltage while holding the cell at a constant current. A sinusoidal pressure wave propagates along the flow field channels because of this pressure modulation. This pressure wave impacts local reaction rates and transport properties in the cathode, resulting in a sinusoidal voltage response. The amplitude ratio and phase difference between these two sinusoidal waves entail diagnostic information on processes that take place within the PEFC. To demonstrate the utility of the EPIS technique, experiments have been carried out to measure and analyze the frequency response of PEFCs with two different flow fields. A parametric study has been conducted to characterize the effect of pressure oscillation amplitude, load, oxygen concentration, oxygen stoichiometry and cathode gas flow rate on the EPIS signal.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fuel cell diagnostics, impedance spectroscopy"
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Valenzuela, Jorge Ignacio. "Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy options for proton exchange membrane fuel cell diagnostics." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/266.
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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been exploited as a rich source of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) diagnostic information for many years. Several investigators have characterized different failure modes for PEMFCs using EIS and it now remains to determine how this information is to be obtained and used in a diagnostic or control algorithm for an operating PEMFC.
This work utilizes the concept of impedance spectral fingerprints (ISF) to uniquely identify between failure modes in an operating PEMFC. Three well documented PEMFC failure modes, carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, dehydration, and flooding were surveyed, modelled, and simulated in the time domain and the results were used to create a database of ISFs. The time domain simulation was realized with a fractional order differential calculus state space approach.
A primary goal of this work was to develop simple and cost effective algorithms that could be included in a PEMFC on-board controller. To this end, the ISF was discretized as coarsely as possible while still retaining identifying spectral features using the Goertzel algorithm in much the same way as in dual tone multi-frequency detection in telephony. This approach generated a significant reduction in computational burden relative to the classical Fast Fourier Transform approach.
The ISF database was used to diagnose simulated experimental PEMFC failures into one of five levels of failure: none (normal operation), mild, moderate, advanced, and extreme from one of the three catalogued failure modes. The described ISF recognition algorithm was shown to correctly identify failure modes to a lower limit of SNR = 1dB.
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Phlippoteau, Vincent. "Outils et Méthodes pour le diagnostic d’un état de santé d’une pile à combustible." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT013H/document.
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Un système à pile à combustible permet de convertir l'énergie d'un gaz combustible en électricité et chaleur, par le biais d'une réaction électrochimique. Il existe plusieurs types de piles à combustible et celle de notre étude a été à membrane échangeuse de protons (ou PEM), fonctionnant à des températures de l'ordre de 50°C à 100°C. A ce jour, une des principales problématiques est la durée de vie de la pile et sa gestion. Elle peut en effet être sujette à de multiples défaillances, comme l'assèchement ou l'engorgement dus à la gestion de l'eau dans la pile, les empoisonnements apportés par les gaz combustible ou comburant, les détériorations internes, etc. L'objectif de cette thèse a été de définir et de mettre en oeuvre des méthodes expérimentales et d'analyse pour caractériser ces défaillances. Ces méthodes expérimentales se basent sur des perturbations électriques de la pile ainsi que des mesures des réponses à ces perturbations. On y retrouvera notamment la spectroscopie d'impédance mieux adaptée aux systèmes instables (brevet). On peut les différencier en deux types d'essais : les essais de faible amplitude, qui peuvent être assez facilement réalisables même lorsque la pile est en train d'accomplir sa mission de fourniture d'énergie par exemple, et les essais de large amplitude qui ont un impact assez fort sur la réponse de la pile. Ces essais restent complémentaires et permettent d'évaluer un certain état de santé de la pile au moment de cette mesure. Le post traitement de ces mesures a aussi fait l'objet d'améliorations, notamment en vue d'améliorer la robustesse des résultats. Enfin, ces méthodes ont été validées pour suivre et analyser des dégradations provoquées et déterminer quels sont les paramètres clés associés à telle ou telle dégradationA fuel cell system transforms the fuel energy into electricity and heat with electrochemical reaction. There are many kinds of fuel cells and we study here the Proton Exchange Fuelcell (PEMFC), which operates between 50°C and 100°C. At the moment, main issues are fuel cells’ life time and its management. Multiple problems can occur such as drying or flooding due to water management, poisoning with impurities in gas, internal deterioration, etc. The objective of this thesis is to define and carry out experimental and analysing methods to characterize these problems. These experimental methods use electrical perturbation and measurements of their effects. Impedance Spectroscopy is part of these methods, but is greatly improved for instable system (patent). We used two types of tests: low amplitude signal, which can be performed during normal operation of the fuel cell, and large amplitude signal which have a strong impact on the fuel cell response. These tests are complementary and are able to evaluate the state of health of the fuel cell. The analysing process of these measurements is ameliorated, in order to improve the uniqueness of the results. At the end, some problems are generated (drying, flooding, etc) and these methods are performed to follow the variation of performance and determine which parameter is involved with the deterioration
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Jullian, Gauthier. "Diagnostic robuste de pile à combustible PEM par modélisation physique et mesures d’impédance : prise en compte de conditions dynamiques et du vieillissement." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT009/document.
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La pile à combustible PEMFC est un générateur électrochimique qui présente notamment un potentiel intéressant pour des applications automobiles et dont l’utilisation pourrait contribuer à répondre aux enjeux environnementaux associés aux transports. La faible durabilité des systèmes pile en général et de la pile en particulier constitue un des verrous technologiques qui freine son déploiement. Ses conditions de fonctionnement en termes de pression, de température et d’activité des gaz étant intimement liées aux cinétiques de dégradation des composants du générateur, il est donc nécessaire de les contrôler de manière la plus fine possible. Pour ce faire, une des premières étapes est de pouvoir les surveiller de manière fiable tout au long de la vie de la pile, en temps réel et sans engendrer de surcoûts importants.Les travaux de thèses présentés dans ce manuscrit ont pour objectif d’apporter des éléments de solution à ce problème par le développement d’une approche de diagnostic robuste des conditions opératoires de la pile sans mesure directe, en environnement dynamique et avec prise en compte du vieillissement. L’approche développée repose, d’un part sur l’utilisation d’un modèle physique qui permet de simuler le comportement d’une pile dans une large gamme de conditions opératoires et d’autre part sur des mesures de courant, de tension et d’impédance, simples à mettre en œuvre. Cette approche devrait permettre le développement d’une solution embarquée.Dans un premier temps, une campagne de 1000 h d’essais sur banc a permis de caractériser une pile à la fois dans ses conditions de fonctionnement nominal et dans des conditions représentatives de défauts de fonctionnement. Ces mesures ont permis de mettre en évidence l’influence des conditions internes de fonctionnement sur la réponse en tension de la pile ainsi que sur son impédance.Dans un second temps, le modèle développé au CEA, contenant un module de dégradation a été confronté avec les mesures expérimentales. Une détermination des constantes du modèle a été effectuée et il a été montré que le modèle estime correctement la tension et l’impédance aux hautes fréquences tout au long du vieillissement, confirmant bien la possibilité d’utiliser ce modèle pour un objectif de diagnostic.L’écart entre les mesures expérimentales et les sorties simulées par le modèle physique de pile - appelés résidus – sont des indicateurs sensibles aux défauts sur les conditions opératoires, mais insensibles aux conditions dynamiques d’utilisation de la pile. Dans un troisième temps, deux résidus, générés sur la tension de sortie de la pile et sur l’impédance hautes fréquences, ont donc été utilisés pour réaliser la détection de conditions opératoires anormales. Le choix des seuils de détection est une étape importante qui permet de régler les performances de détection. Dans cette étude, la méthode a été testée avec des seuils optimaux de 11mV et 5mΩ·cm2 qui ont permis d’obtenir un score de détection de 80 %.Finalement, une méthode de classification des défauts de conditions opératoires a également été proposée. Elle met à profit une base de données de résidus calculés pour chaque type de défauts pour entraîner un classifieur de type K-plus-proches-voisins, ce qui permet alors l’identification des défauts. Le score de l’isolation sur les 1000h de tests est d’environ 60% avec de grandes disparités en fonction des défauts. Ce score est de plus de 99% pour deux des défauts de l’étude (pressions élevées et humidités faibles), 63 % pour des pressions faibles mais seulement de 20% pour une chute de température ou une augmentation d’humidité.Ces travaux ont permis de conclure que l’approche consistant à utiliser un modèle physique permet de diagnostiquer la plupart des défauts avec un taux de fausse alarme faible pendant le vieillissement. La recherche de nouvelles mesures est une piste majeure pour augmenter le score des défauts mal détectés actuellementThe PEMFC fuel cell is an electrochemical generator that has interesting potential for automotive applications and which use could help to meet pollution challenges. Poor management of system auxiliaries or malfunctions can place the fuel cell under operating conditions that accelerate degradation processes and shorten its useful life. The- operating conditions of the fuel cell core (temperature, humidity and partial pressures) must be monitored to identify as soon as possible and without any error abnormal situations, which is particularly difficult in dynamic operating conditions and during ageing.The aim of this thesis is to provide solutions to this problem. To that end, a robust diagnostic approach of operating conditions without direct measurement, in a dynamic environment and taking ageing into account has been developed.In order to characterize the fuel cell, a campaign of experimental tests on a test bench was carried out during 1000 hours of operation, with and without faults. This test campaign also allowed to verify to what extent the easily accessible polarization curves and impedance spectroscopy depend on the internal operating conditions.The approach developed is based on one hand on the use of a physical fuel cell model that capture its behaviour for given operating conditions and on the other hand on easy-access current, voltage and impedance measurements. Thus, this allows the development of an embedded solution that minimizes the number of sensors required.The differences between the experimental measurements and the outputs computed by the physical fuel cell model – called residuals – are indicators which are sensitive to faults in operating conditions, and insensitive to usual operating dynamic conditions. Two residuals, generated from fuel cell output voltage and high frequency impedance, are used to detect abnormal operating conditions thanks to threshold detection. The choice of the detection threshold levels allows to set the detection performance in terms of good detection and false alarm probabilities.In order to take ageing into account, a degradation module computes the decrease of fuel cell voltage with time so that ageing is taken explicitly into account by residuals.Going beyond detection alone, a method to class the operating conditions faults has also been proposed. It uses a database of residuals from various known faults to train a K-nearest-neighbour classifier, so that faults can be identified and classified.The model developed in the CEA was compared with experiments carried out on the test bench. An experimental determination of the model constants was carried out using electrochemical methods (cyclic voltammetry...) and numerical ones (linear regression). It appears that the model correctly computes voltage and high-frequency impedance, confirming the possible use of this specific model for diagnostic purpose. The method has been tested with optimal thresholds that have been empirically determined. The detection score obtained is 80%. The false alarm rate is less than 5% during the test.The K-NN classifier was then validated on experimental data. The classification score during the 1000h test is around 60% with large disparities depending on the faults. This score is more than 99% for two of the studied faults (high pressures and low humidity), 63% for low pressures but only 20% for a temperature drop or humidity increase.This work concluded that the approach using a physical model diagnosed most faults with a low level of false alarms during 1000 hours of ageing. The search of new measurements to increase the score of poorly diagnosed faults thus improving diagnostic performance is a main perspective
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Safa, Mohamad. "Modélisation réduite de la pile à combustible en vue de la surveillance et du diagnostic par spectroscopie d'impédance." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00855160.
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Cette thèse porte sur la modélisation des piles à combustible à membrane d'échange de protons (PEMFC), en vue de leur surveillance et de leur diagnostic par spectroscopie d'impédance. La première partie du document présente le principe de fonctionnement de ces piles, ainsi que l'état de l'art de la modélisation et des méthodes de surveillance et diagnostic. Le modèle physique multi échelle particulièrement détaillé publié en 2005 par A.A. Franco sert de point de départ. Il est simplifié de façon à aboutir à un système d'équations aux dérivées partielles en une unique dimension spatiale. L'objectif principal de la seconde partie est l'analyse harmonique du fonctionnement de la pile. En s'inspirant de travaux classiques sur l'analyse géométrique de réseaux de réactions électrochimiques, un modèle réduit compatible avec la thermodynamique est obtenu. Cette classe de systèmes dynamiques permet de déterminer, pour un tel réseau, une formule analytique de l'impédance de l'anode et de la cathode d'une pile PEMFC. Un modèle complet de la pile est obtenu en connectant ces éléments à des éléments représentant la membrane, les couches diffuses et les couches de diffusion des gaz. Les modèles précédents supposent la pile représentée par une cellule unique et homogène. Afin de permettre d'en décrire les hétérogénéités spatiales, nous proposons finalement un résultat de modélisation réduite d'un réseau de cellules représentées par leur impédance. Ce modèle approxime l'impédance globale du réseau par une "cellule moyenne", connectée à deux cellules "série" et "parallèle" représentatives d'écart par rapport à la moyenne.
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Coignet, Philippe. "Transport-reaction modeling of the impedance response of a fuel cell." Link to electronic thesis, 2004. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0526104-151500/.
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Aaron, Douglas Scott. "Transport in fuel cells: electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and neutron imaging studies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34699.
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Current environmental and energy sustainability trends have instigated considerable interest in alternative energy technologies that exhibit reduced dependence on fossil fuels. The advantages of such a direction are two-fold: reduced greenhouse gas emissions (notably CO2) and improved energy sustainability. Fuel cells are recognized as a potential technology that achieves both of these goals. However, improvements to fuel cell power density and stability must be realized to make them economically competitive with traditional, fossil-based technologies. The work in this dissertation is largely focused on the use of analytical tools for the study of transport processes in three fuel cell systems toward improvement of fuel cell performance.
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are fueled by hydrogen and oxygen to generate electrical current. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) use bacteria to degrade carbon compounds, such as those found in wastewaters, and simultaneously generate an electric current. Enzyme fuel cells (EFCs) operate similarly to PEMFCs but replace precious metal catalysts, such as platinum, with biologically-derived enzymes. The use of enzymes also allows EFCs to utilize simple carbon compounds as fuel. The operation of all three fuel cell systems involves different modes of ion and electron transport and can be affected negatively by transport limitations. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used in this work to study the distribution of transport resistances in all three fuel cell systems. The results of EIS were used to better understand the transport resistances that limited fuel cell power output. By using this technique, experimental conditions (including operating conditions, construction, and materials) were identified to develop fuel cells with greater power output and longevity. In addition to EIS, neutron imaging was employed to quantify the distribution of water in PEMFCs and EFCs. Water content is an integral aspect of providing optimal power output from both fuel cell systems. Neutron imaging contributed to developing an explanation for the loss of water observed in an operating EFC despite conditions designed to mitigate water loss. The findings of this dissertation contribute to the improvement of fuel cell technology in an effort to make these energy devices more economically viable.
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Aabid, Sami El. "Méthode basée modèle pour le diagnostic de l'état de santé d'une pile à combustible PEMFC en vue de sa maintenance." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0011.
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Les piles à combustible se positionnent aujourd’hui comme une alternative technologique séduisante face aux solutions classiquement utilisées pour le stockage d’énergie. De par leur rendement de conversion en énergie électrique et leur haute densité énergétique, les grands acteurs du secteur aéronautique en voient une solution intéressante pour réduire l’impact environnemental des avions. C’est dans cette optique que s’inscrit la présente thèse, visant à contribuer au développement de méthodologies destinées au suivi de l’état de santé d’une pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell PEMFC). Il a été montré, dans un premier temps, que l’ensemble des constituants d’une pile était soumis à des contraintes pouvant engendrer des défaillances irréversibles ou des pertes de performances. Cette synthèse a permis de mettre en exergue la nécessité de disposer de méthodes de diagnostic permettant de suivre l’état de santé de la pile. Dans ce sens, des outils basés sur le principe de l’identification paramétrique ont été mis en avant. Il s’agit dans un premier temps de pouvoir, à partir de caractérisations expérimentales, être capable de mettre en œuvre une procédure appropriée permettant d’identifier les paramètres d’un modèle représentant au mieux le comportement du composant. Et dans un temps second, de construire par l’intermédiaire des paramètres identifiés des indicateurs (signatures) liés à l’état de santé de la pile. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés plus particulièrement à deux types de prise d’informations : la courbe de polarisation (V-I), et la Spectroscopie d’Impédance Electrochimique (SIE). Il a été montré dans cette thèse, que seule l’exploitation conjointe de ces 2 types de mesures permet une caractérisation pertinente de l’état de santé de la pile. Deux modèles «couplés» ont été ainsi développés : un modèle quasi-statique dont les paramètres sont identifiés à partir de la courbe de polarisation et un modèle dynamique identifié à partir des données de la SIE. Il a été mis en avant dans le cadre de cette thèse, la nécessité de développer un modèle dynamique dit «sans a priori» dont la formulation peut varier au cours du temps. Ainsi, si des phénomènes liés à un changement de caractéristique apparaissent, la structure du modèle pourra s’adapter pour en permettre la prise en compte. Le processus global partant de la connaissance a priori jusqu’à l’identification des paramètres des modèles a été développé au cours des chapitres de cette thèse. Outre la bonne reproduction des données expérimentales et la séparation des pertes dans les domaines quasi-statique et dynamique, l’approche permet de percevoir certaines défaillances à travers les paramètres des modèles développés. La prise en compte du couplage statique-dynamique a fait apparaître la notion « d’impédance résiduelle ». En effet, un biais entre la pente locale de la courbe de polarisation et la résistance basse fréquence de la SIE est systématiquement observé. L’impédance résiduelle prise en compte dans la modélisation permet d’absorber ce décalage tout en garantissant une cohérence entre les mesures de la V-I et de la SIE. Une tentative d’explication des phénomènes physico-chimiques liés à cette impédance a également fait partie de l’ensemble des objectifs de cette thèse. D’un point de vue expérimental, l’idée du travail est dans un premier temps de générer des variations ciblées et maîtrisées du comportement de la pile et d’observer leurs impacts sur les paramètres identifiés. Pour ce faire, l’idée proposée est de travailler sur une mono-cellule dont la modification des composants est aisée. Le jeu de composants (membranes différentes, différents dosages en platine …) avait permis de mettre en évidence l’impact de chaque modification sur les données expérimentales et ainsi sur le modèle avant de tester la validité de l’approche sur des campagnes de vieillissement de stacksNowadays, Fuel cells (FCs) are considered as an attractive technological solution for energy storage. In addition to their high efficiency conversion to electrical energy and their high energy density, FCs are a potential candidate to reduce the environmental impact of aircrafts. The present PhD thesis can be located within this context, and especially contributes to the development of methodologies dedicated to the monitoring of the state of health (SoH) of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs). FCs are submitted to ageing and various operating conditions leading to several failures or abnormal operation modes. Hence, there is a need to develop tools dedicated to the diagnosis and fuel cell ageing monitoring. One of reliable approaches used for the FC SoH monitoring is based on parametric identification of a model through experimental data. Widely used for the FC characterization, the polarization curve (V-I) and the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) coupled with a model describing the involved phenomena may provide further information about the FC SoH. Two models were thus developed: a quasi-static model whose parameters are identified from the polarization curve and a dynamic one identified from EIS data. The need to develop a dynamic model whose formulation may vary over time “without a priori” has been reported in this thesis. The original approach of this thesis is to consider conjointly both characterizations during all the proposed analysis process. This global strategy ensures the separation of the different fuel cell phenomena in the quasi-static and dynamic domains by introducing into each parametrization process (one for the quasi-static model and one for the dynamic model) parameters and/or laws stemming from the other part. The global process starting from the a priori knowledge until the identification of the models parameters was developed during the chapters of this thesis. In addition to the good reproduction of experimental data and the separation of the losses in both static and dynamic domains, the method makes it possible to monitor the FC SoH via the evolution of models parameters. The fact to take into account the coupling between quasi-static and dynamic models revealed the notion of a “residualimpedance”. This impedance makes it possible to overcome the recurrent experimental observation made by the daily users of EIS: there is a not-clearly explained difference between the low frequency resistance of the EIS and the slope of the polarization curve for a given currentndensity. Theoretically the two quantities have to tend towards the same value. In others words, a part of the impedance spectra is not clearly and easily exploitable to characterize fuel cell performance. This topic has been discussed in the literature in the last years. An attempt to explain physico-chemical phenomena related to this impedance is also a part of objectives of this thesis. From an experimental point of view, before applying this method to ageing monitoring, it was indeed necessary to “calibrate” it regarding its relative complexity. In this way, experiments with a single cell with different sets of internal components (different membrane thicknesses and different platinum loadings in the Active Layer (AL)) were achieved and analyzed by applying the proposed method. Therefore, the method was evaluated in the framework of three ageing campaigns carried out with three 1 kW PEM stacks
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McGettrick, Andrew James. "Novel techniques for tunable diode laser spectroscopy and their application in solid oxide fuel cell diagnostics." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441884.
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Tan, Li. "AC Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis of Improved Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Performance via Direct Inlet Humidity Control." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1282322171.
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Génevé, Thomas. "Méthodes de diagnostic des piles à combustible." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/15589/1/TGENEVE.pdf.
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La problématique développée dans cette thèse est le diagnostic des piles à combustible (PAC) de type « Proton Exchange Membrane » (PEM). Nous avons choisi d’axer ces travaux sur différentes méthodes de diagnostic, séparées en deux grandes thématiques, relativement différentes et donc indépendantes, qui forment les deux parties de cette thèse. Dans la première partie, intitulée « Méthodes de diagnostic des fuites internes », nous nous focaliserons sur un type de dégradation des PAC, celle de la membrane, et de sa conséquence principale, l’augmentation des fuites internes. Après avoir fait l’inventaire des différentes techniques de diagnostic possibles, nous avons eu l’opportunité d’en tester certaines sur un stack (empilement de cellules élémentaires) dégradé dont nous disposions. La voltammétrie cyclique semble la plus intéressante en terme de précision. Cependant, pour le diagnostic complet d’un stack, le niveau de fuite de chaque cellule doit être évalué. Il apparaît que cette opération est extrêmement chronophage ; nous avons donc dû mettre au point des méthodes alternatives à celles rencontrées fréquemment dans la littérature. Nous avons d’une part appliqué la voltammétrie cyclique directement aux bornes du stack et parallèlement nous avons mis au point une technique nouvelle de diagnostic des fuites internes d’une PAC. Ces méthodes seront testées sur trois stacks comportant chacun un nombre différent de cellules. La deuxième partie de ce manuscrit est intitulée « Méthodes de diagnostic en gaz actifs ». Nous aborderons dans un premier temps une méthode bien connue, la Spectroscopie d’Impédance Electrochimique (SIE). L’utilisation de cette technique soulève deux problématiques : le choix d’un modèle approprié pour décrire des phénomènes physico-chimiques variés puis la difficulté de converger vers un jeu unique de paramètres une fois le modèle établi. Partant de ce constat, nous avons développé une technique originale d’exploitation des SIE, basée sur un modèle électrique sans a priori, dont la construction va se faire automatiquement étape par étape. Cet algorithme sera validé de manière théorique sur des simulations, puis nous confirmerons son potentiel sur des données expérimentales issues d’essais de vieillissement de monocellules. Parallèlement, nous avons développé une technique alternative à la spectroscopie d’impédance, basée sur l’exploitation d’échelons de courant. Cette méthode permet d’extraire un spectre de constantes de temps sans passer par de l’identification paramétrique. Après une première validation théorique grâce à des simulations, nous avons éprouvé cette technique avec d’une part les données de vieillissement mentionnées précédemment ainsi qu’avec des données issues d’un essai d’engorgement d’une monocellule. Nous confirmerons que cette technique est bien adaptée pour effectuer du diagnostic en cours de fonctionnement.
Book chapters on the topic "Fuel cell diagnostics, impedance spectroscopy"
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Ivers-Tiffée, Ellen, André Leonide, Helge Schichlein, Volker Sonn, and André Weber. "Impedance Spectroscopy for High-Temperature Fuel Cells." In Fuel Cell Science and Engineering, 439–67. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527650248.ch16.
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Flammia, Danilo, Antonio Guarino, Giovanni Petrone, and Walter Zamboni. "Enhanced Kalman Filter-Based Identification of a Fuel Cell Circuit Model in Impedance Spectroscopy Tests." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 117–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56970-9_10.
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Wagner, Norbert. "Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy." In PEM Fuel Cell Diagnostic Tools, 37–70. CRC Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11100-5.
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"Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy." In PEM Fuel Cell Diagnostic Tools, 57–90. CRC Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11100-8.
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"EIS Diagnosis for PEM Fuel Cell Performance." In Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in PEM Fuel Cells, 193–262. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-846-9_5.
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Nakajima, Hironori. "Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Study of the Mass Transfer in an Anode-Supported Microtubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell." In Mass Transfer - Advanced Aspects. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/21881.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Fuel cell diagnostics, impedance spectroscopy"
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Zenith, Federico, Ivar J. Halvorsen, Ivan Pivac, Dario Bezmalinovic, and Frano Barbir. "Electrochemical Low-Frequency Impedance Spectroscopy for Diagnostics of Fuel Cells." In 2019 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vppc46532.2019.8952402.
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Andreasen, So̸ren Juhl, Rasmus Mosbæk, Jakob Rabjerg Vang, So̸ren Knudsen Kær, and Samuel Simon Araya. "EIS Characterization of the Poisoning Effects of CO and CO2 on a PBI Based HT-PEM Fuel Cell." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33054.
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This paper presents test results regarding the poisoning effects of CO and CO2 on H3PO4/Polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane based high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which is a non intrusive diagnostic tool for electrochemical systems, has been used to investigate these effects. A single cell test setup consisting of an electrically heated single cell assembly with a PEMEAS CELTEC P membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of an active area of 45cm2 and mass flow controllers for Air, H2, CO and CO2 was constructed in the laboratory. All operational parameters as well as data acquisition are controlled by two LabView programs, running on two separate computers. The impedance spectrum of the fuel cell is recorded at different operating points and then an Equivalent Circuit (EC), proposed for modelling the cell impedance, is fitted to the spectrum in order to analyze and quantify the impact of the individual factors on HT-PEMFC performance. Results showed that CO poisoning has an effect on all the losses monitored. Intermediate frequency resistances showed higher increase with increasing contamination and decreasing temperature than high frequency resistances, which is attributable to the adsorption of CO on Pt catalyst.
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Mammar, Khaled, and Belkacem Ould-Bouamama. "Analysis of Impedance for Water Management in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Using Factorial Design of Experiment (DoE) Methodology." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63475.
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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a very powerful tool for exploitation as a rich source of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) diagnostic information. A primary goal of this work was to develop a suitable PEMFC impedance model, which can be used in the analysis for flooding and drying of fuel cell. For this one a novel optimization method based on factorial Design methodology is used. It was applied for parametric analysis of electrochemical impedance Thus it is possible to evaluate the relative importance of each parameter to the simulation accuracy. Furthermore this work presents an analysis of the PEMFC impedance behavior in the case of flooding and drying.
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Thiel, Susanne, Volker Seis, and Maik Eichelbaum. "Scanning electrochemical microscopy for the characterization of fuel cell components." In 2022 International Workshop on Impedance Spectroscopy (IWIS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwis57888.2022.9975128.
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Ait-Idir, William, Salah Touhami, Meriem Daoudi, Jerome Dillet, Julia Mainka, and Olivier Lottin. "Oxygen Transport Impedance in a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Equivalent Electrical Circuit." In 2021 International Workshop on Impedance Spectroscopy (IWIS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwis54661.2021.9711832.
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Xie, Yuanyuan, and Xingjian Xue. "First Principle Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Simulation for SOFCs." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33101.
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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a widely utilized experimental method for fundamental mechanism understanding and diagnosis of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). However, EIS experimental results are in general interpreted using equivalent circuit model method. When EIS response induced by very complicated multi-physics processes in SOFC is approximated with a simple equivalent circuit, it will inevitably lead to ambiguity. In this research, first principle EIS simulation method is developed to link multi-physics processes of a button cell to EIS response. The EIS modeling method is validated using experimental data from open literature. The validated EIS model is employed to investigate SOFC performance. Simulation results indicate that EIS response contains a plethora of SOFC behavior information that collectively contributed by intrinsic SOFC material property, porous microstructure, as well as operating conditions. The simulation method developed in this research can be potentially utilized for interpretation and de-convolution of experimental EIS results.
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Lo Presti, Roberto, Alfonso Pozio, Fabio Leccese, and Andrea Zignani. "Development of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy instrument for survey on fuel cell." In 2012 11th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeeic.2012.6221402.
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Migliardini, Fortunato, and Pasquale Corbo. "Optimization of fuel cell performance in vehicles by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy." In 2012 Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship Propulsion (ESARS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esars.2012.6387490.
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Ahmed, Riaz, and Kenneth Reifsnider. "Study of Influence of Electrode Geometry on Impedance Spectroscopy." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33209.
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Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a powerful and proven tool for analyzing AC impedance response. A conventional three electrode EIS method was used to perform the investigation in the present study. Saturated potassium chloride solution was used as the electrolyte and three different material rods were used as working electrodes. Different configurations of electrode area were exposed to the electrolyte as an active area to investigate electrode geometry effects. Counter to working electrode distance was also altered while keeping the working electrode effective area constant to explore the AC response dependence on the variation of ion travel distance. Some controlled experiments were done to validate the experimental setup and to provide a control condition for comparison with experimental results. A frequency range of 100 mHz to 1 MHz was used for all experiments. In our analysis, we have found a noteworthy influence of electrode geometry on AC impedance response. For all electrodes, impedance decreases with the increase of effective area of the electrolyte. High frequency impedance is not as dependent on geometry as low frequency response. The observed phase shift angle drops in the high frequency region with increased working electrode area, whereas at low frequency the reverse is true. Resistance and capacitive reactance both decrease with an increase of area, but resistance response is more pronounce than reactance. For lower frequencies, small changes in working area produce very distinctive EIS variations. Electrode material as well as geometry was systematically varied in the present study. From these and other studies, we hope to develop a fundamental foundation for understanding specific changes in local geometry in fuel cell (and other) electrodes as a method of designing local morphology for specific performance.
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Selmene Ben Yahia, Mohamed, Hatem Allagui, and Abdelkader Mami. "The frequency behavior of the electrochemical model fuel cell by impedance spectroscopy." In 2016 7th International Renewable Energy Congress (IREC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irec.2016.7478883.
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