Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'FTBF'

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O trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre os processos de gestão de um projeto cultural, tendo como objeto de análise o Festival do Teatro Brasileiro (FTB). Este festival de circulação nacional soma 17 edições até o ano de 2015, ao longo de 16 anos de trajetória. Partindo deste exemplo real esta pesquisa busca sistematizar, a partir da perspectiva da abordagem qualitativa, as atividades e processos de gestão do festival, nas instâncias constituintes de um projeto cultural: modelagem, administração e avaliação.

Le récepteur nucléaire Fetoprotein Transcription Factor (FTF) identifié par notre laboratoire et exprimé principalement dans le système digestif est un régulateur important du métabolisme des lipides et des stéroïdes, de la prolifération cellulaire et du développement embryonnaire. Plusieurs groupes ont constaté que l’influence du récepteur FTF sur la synthèse de stéroïdes et la régulation du cycle cellulaire stimule la prolifération tumorale de cellules d’origine tissulaire diverse. Mes études de doctorat ont porté sur l’expression tissulaire de FTF, sur la caractérisation d’un nouvel élément régulateur de son promoteur et sur l’identification par immunoprécipitation de chromatine (ChIP-chip) des cibles transcriptionnelles de FTF dans le foie de souris fœtale et adulte et dans les cellules d’hépatome humain. Ces études ont permis de mieux définir le rôle métabolique de FTF ainsi que son rôle développemental et son implication potentielle dans la carcinogenèse hépatique. L’expression de FTF par les organes du système digestif et par certaines structures nerveuses, sa régulation par des récepteurs nucléaires métaboliques et sa liaison aux promoteurs de multiples enzymes et transporteurs impliqués dans le métabolisme énergétique placent FTF dans une position clé dans l’homéostasie métabolique et énergétique de l’organisme. Le facteur de transcription C/EBPpartenaire de FTF au promoteur de l’AFP et impliqué lui aussi dans le développement hépatique et le métabolisme énergétique, est lié au promoteur de 20% des cibles transcriptionnelles de FTF. De plus, C/EBP lie le promoteur de FTF formant ainsi une autre boucle activatrice s’ajoutant au réseau transcriptionnel hépatique. Dans les cellules d’hépatome, FTF lie les promoteurs de plusieurs gènes impliqués dans la prolifération et le maintien des cellules tumorales, soit des régulateurs de la réplication, de la croissance et de l’apoptose cellulaire. FTF fait donc partie intégrante du réseau transcriptionnel hépatique régissant le développement et la différenciation hépatique et le maintien du métabolisme énergétique chez l’adulte et est vraisemblablement impliqué dans la promotion de la cancérogenèse hépatique.
FTF is a nuclear receptor principally expressed in adult digestive organs that has been shown to act as a major regulator of lipids and steroids metabolism, cellular proliferation and embryonic development. FTF involvement in steroid synthesis and cell cycle regulation tends toward the stimulation of tumor proliferation in neoplasic tissues in which FTF is expressed. However, more studies of FTF function in normal and disease states and on its regulation are needed to draw a complete picture of FTF activity in cell physiology. Within the context of my studies, I delineated the FTF adult and fetal tissular expression, characterized a novel Ftf promoter element and identified FTF direct hepatic transcriptional targets in fetal, adult and tumor cell lines by using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP-on-chip). These studies defined new FTF functions in metabolism, fetal development and hepatic carcinogenesis. FTF expression in digestive system and in neural structures controlling eating behavior, its transcriptional regulation by metabolic nuclear receptors and its binding to enzyme and transporter gene promoters driving energy metabolism, puts FTF in a key location for governing cellular and organismal energy metabolism. C/EBP, a transcriptional FTF partner on the Afp gene promoter and also involved in energy metabolism, is bound to 20% of the FTF targets including FTF itself thus adding branches to the complex hepatic transcriptional network. In hepatoma cells, FTF binds to proliferation and tumor cell maintenance genes like replication, growth and apoptosis regulators. Therefore, FTF belongs to the hepatic transcription network that governs hepatic development, differentiation and adult energy metabolism and is likely to be involved in promoting hepatic tumorogenesis.

Introdução: As fissuras bilaterais de lábio e palato sempre apresentaram divergências a respeito de seu tratamento cirúrgico. Nesta pesquisa duas técnicas cirúrgicas para correção de fissuras de lábio bilaterais, a Clássica de Spina (grupo S) e a de Spina modificada pelo Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais da Universidade de São Paulo (HRAC-USP) (grupo TD) foram comparadas. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: determinar os resultados estéticos, as complicações pós-operatórias imediatas e mediatas, a satisfação pessoal da aparência e do tratamento recebido, bem como a qualidade de vida em indivíduos com fissuras transforame bilateral, operados no HRAC-USP pelas técnicas de Spina e Spina modificada pelo HRAC-USP. Método: Após aprovação do comitê de ética e pesquisa e obtenção do consentimento informado, foram avaliados setenta e seis indivíduos, 48 do sexo masculino e 28 do sexo feminino. O grupo S apresentou-se com 44 indivíduos e o grupo TD com 32. Julgadores fizeram análises subjetivas em fotografias de sete atributos em cada indivíduo, utilisando-se de uma escala numérica de 1 a 5. Da análise de prontuários foram obtidas as complicações pós operatórias imediatas e mediatas, além do número de internações cirúrgicas e do número de retornos ambulatoriais. Os próprios indivíduos responderam a duas escalas visuais analógicas (EVA), uma de satisfação da sua aparência e outra do tratamento recebido no HRAC-USP e também a um questionário de qualidade de vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL-bref). Resultados: As duas técnicas cirúrgicas utilizadas não mostraram diferença estatística nas análises fotográficas subjetivas. As complicações cirúrgicas imediatas e mediatas foram semelhantes entre os grupos. Houve diferença estatística significante quanto ao número de cirurgias (p=0,0000), o grupo S apresentou 8,06 (2,18) e o grupo TD apresentou 4,72 (1,45) internações cirúrgicas, os atendimentos ambulatoriais não apresentaram diferenças apresentando para o grupo S 27,49 (17,58) e 22,31 (15,38) vindas ao hospital. As escalas visuais analógicas (EVA) de satisfação da aparência apresentaram para o grupo S 53,80 (14,46) e TD 57,54 (14,41) e do tratamento recebido no HRAC-USP para S 68,14 (11,16) e TD 63,18 (11,39). O WHOQOL-bref também não mostrou diferença entre os grupos em nenhum dos seus domínios. Conclusão: As queiloplastias realizadas pelas técnicas de Spina e de Spina modificada pelo HRAC-USP, não mostraram diferença estatística nos resultados das avaliações fotográficas, das complicações pós operatórias imediatas e mediatas, do número de atendimentos ambulatoriais, das escalas visuais analógicas de satisfação da aparência e do atendimento recebido no HRAC-USP, e do questionário de qualidade de vida. Os indivíudos operados pela técnica de Spina modificada pelo HRAC-USP apresentaram menos internações cirúrgicas que indivíduos os operados pela técnica clássica de Spina, com resultados estatísticos significativos.
Background: The bilateral cleft lip palate ever had a divergence of its treatment. In this research two techniques to correction bilateral cleft lip, Spina classic technique (S group) and Spina modified by HRAC-USP (TD group). Aims: Determine the esthetical results, immediate and mediate postoperative complications, the number of surgeries and ambulatory attendance, the personal satisfaction with its appearance and received attendance, and the quality of life in subjects with bilateral clef lip palate, operated in the HRAC-USP by Spina and Spina modified by HRACUSP techniques of cheiloplasty. Method: After approve of the ethical committee and attainment of assent, was evaluated 74 subjects, 46 male and 28 female. The S group had 42 and the TD group with 32 subjects. Judges made facial analysis in photographs of seven attributes in each subject, using an analogical scale of 1 to 5. From the bedside assessment the immediate and mediate complications was taken. The number of surgical procedures and ambulatorial coming was tabulated. The own subjects answer two visual analogical scale (EVA) of satisfaction of appearance and the treatment received at HRAC-USP and an OMS quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL-bref). Results: The two techniques utilized did not show statistic difference in the subjective facial analyses. The immediate and mediate complications were similar between the groups. There were significant difference in the number of surgical procedures (p=0000), S group had 8,06 (± 2,18) and TD group 4,72 (± 1,45) surgical internment. The ambulatory coming did not show differences, the S group had 27,49 (± 17,58) and TD 22,31 (± 15,38) coming to to the Hospital. The visual analogical scales (EVA) of satisfaction whit the appearance shows for S group 53,80 (± 14,46) e TD 57,54 (± 14,41) and the do treatment received at HRAC-USP for S group 68,14 (± 11,16) e TD 63,18 (± 11,39). The WHOQOL-bref did not show differences between the groups in none of their dominion. Discussion: All elements of this work were interpreted and analysis was performed whit literature correlation. Conclusion: The cheiloplasty whit the technique of Spina and Spina modified by HRAC-USP, did not show statistical difference in the results of photographs evaluation, immediate e mediate complications, the number of coming to the hospital, the visual analogical scale of satisfaction whit the appearance and the treatment received at HRAC-USP and the questionnaire of quality of life. The subjects submitted to the Spina technique modified by HRAC-USP shows less surgical procedures that those submitted to the classical Spina technique whit statistical significance difference.

Les instabilités thermoacoustiques, également appelées instabilités de combustion, sont un problème majeur pour la production d’électricité ainsi que dans l’industrie aérospatiale. Ces instabilités sont dues à un transfert d’énergie entre une source chaude, le plus souvent une flamme stabilisée dans un brûleur, et le champ acoustique environnant. Les instabilités de combustion peuvent avoir de nombreuses conséquences délétères telles que l’extinction de la flamme, l’augmentation des flux de chaleur pariétaux, l’émission d’ondes sonores de grande amplitude à certaines fréquences, des vibrations importantes, des dégâts structurels et même l’explosion du moteur dans certains cas. Étant donné les conséquences potentielles de tels phénomènes, d’importants moyens de recherche ont été consacrés à la prédiction de l’apparition d’instabilités de combustion dans les chaudières, les moteurs de fusée et les turbines à gaz ces dernières décennies. Néanmoins, le cadre théorique associé à l’étude de ces instabilités est complexe et nécessite l’emploi de nombreuses disciplines de la physique. De plus, les brûleurs industriels sont constitués de nombreuses cavités tridimensionnelles interagissant entre elles d’un point de vue acoustique. Pour toutes ces raisons, la prédiction de la stabilité thermoacoustique d’un brûleur demeure une tâche ardue à ce jour... (Voir le texte de la thèse pour la suite du résumé)
Thermoacoustic instabilities, also known as combustion instabilities, are a major concern in the aerospace and energy production industries. They are due to an energy transfer that occurs between a heat source, usually a flame stabilized inside a combustor, and the surrounding acoustic field and may lead to undesirable phenomena such as flame extinction, increased heat fluxes, very large sound emissions at certain frequencies, vibration, structural damage and even catastrophic failure in some cases. Given the potential consequences of such phenomena, a large research effort has been devoted to predicting the onset of combustion instabilities in modern boilers, rocket engines and gas turbines during the past few decades. Unfortunately, the theoretical framework associated with the study of thermoacoustic instabilities is complex and multi-physics and the geometry of practical combustors is an intricate arrangement of 3D cavities. As a consequence, predicting the thermoacoustic stability of a combustor at an early design stage is a challenging task to date... (See inside the manuscript for the remainder of the abstract)

Bile acids regulate their own synthesis through a feedback regulatory mechanism of mainly two enzymes in the classic pathway, the 7α-hydroxylase and the 12α-hydroxylase. In the early 1990's it was shown that the regulatory responses of 7α-hydroxylase are mediated at the transcriptional level and since then many positive and negative transcription factors that mediate regulatory response have been identified. An important finding was that the transcription factors regulating the expression of 7α- and 12α-hydroxylase genes are nuclear receptors.One of the first nuclear receptors identified to play a role in the transcription of the 7α-hydroxylase gene was HNF-4 since then many nuclear receptors have been identified that are involved in regulating the 7α- and 12α-hydroxylase genes. Among them the most important ones are FTF and HNF-4 which has been shown to play crucial roles in the transcription and regulation by bile acids. In this study we demonstrate the importance of FTF and HNF-4 independent of each other in the transcription and bile acid-mediated regulation of the 7α- and 12α-hydroxylase enzymes by creating promoter mutants that would either bind FTF or HNF- 4. Once the binding studies were established we performed tissue culture experiments to confirm the promoter activity and bile acid-mediated regulation with the respective promoter mutant constructs. The data from this study shows that HNF-4 is important for 7α-hydroxylase promoter activity but is not required and importantly we show that HNF-4 is not a required for the bile acid-mediated regulation of the 7α-hydroxylase. We present data which suggests that FTF is absolutely required for the promoter activity and bile acid-mediated regulation of 7α-hydroxylase. With respect to the 12α-hydroxylases how that both FTF and HNF-4 are absolutely required for promoter activity. In this study we present evidence that since the bile acid responsive elements (BARE) are similar within both the 7α- and 12α-hydroxylase promoters one can be exchanged for the other maintaining both activity and bile acid-mediated regulation.

A broadside radiating, linearly polarized, electrically small Huygens source antenna system that has a large impedance bandwidth is reported. The bandwidth performance is facilitated by embedding non-Foster components into the near-field resonant parasitic elements of this metamaterial-inspired antenna. High-quality and stable radiation performance characteristics are achieved over the entire operational bandwidth. When the ideal non-Foster components are introduced, the simulated impedance bandwidth witnesses approximately a 17-fold enhancement over the passive case. Within this -10-dB bandwidth, its maximum realized gain, radiation efficiency, and front-to-back ratio (FTBR) are, respectively, 4.00 dB, 88%, and 26.95 dB. When the anticipated actual negative impedance convertor circuits are incorporated, the impedance bandwidth still sustains more than a 10-fold enhancement. The peak realized gain, radiation efficiency, and FTBR values are, respectively, 3.74 dB, 80%, and 28.01 dB, which are very comparable to the ideal values.

Denna studie undersöker hur fyra gymnasielärare i svenska arbetade med formativ bedömning samt examination under utbrottet av Covid-19 våren 2020. Studien består av fyra nätbaserade intervjuer med verksamma svenskämneslärare i syfte att ta reda på hur de upplevde sin hantering av formativ bedömning och examination av elever i samband med den rådande coronakrisen. Studien delar upp den formativa bedömningsprocessen efter följande kategorier: Muntlig produktion, skriftlig produktion, grupparbeten, lärarrespons, självbedömning, kamratrespons samt examination. Resultatet indikerar bland annat att bristande möjligheter till fysisk kontakt har påverkat den formativa bedömningen samt examinationen, exempelvis genom att ställa högre krav på tydlighet och insyn. Resultaten pekar även på att rättssäkerheten är en utmaning med examinationen, medan behovet av att fortsätta utveckla nättjänster som Urkund eller Exam.net lyfts fram. Studiens resultat indikerar också att det har ställts högre krav på lärares prestationer gällande formativ bedömning, främst på grund av bristen på fysisk kontakt mellan lärare och elev. Därigenom bidrar denna studie till förståelse för användandet av formativ bedömning i svenskämnet via distansundervisning, samt för betydelsen av att rusta framtidens lärare inför liknande situationer i framtiden.

Ce mémoire de thèse traite de la stabilité en temps fini et de la stabilisation en temps fini des systèmes dynamiques. En effet, il est souvent important de garantir que pendant le régime transitoire, les trajectoires d'état ne dépassent pas certaines limites prédéfinies afin d'éviter les saturations et l'excitation des non-linéarités du système. Un système dynamique est dit stable en temps fini FTS si, pour tout état initial appartenant à un ensemble borné prédéterminé, la trajectoire d'état reste comprise dans un autre ensemble borné prédéterminé pendant un temps fini et fixé. Lorsque le système est perturbé, on parle de bornitude en temps fini FTB. Premièrement, des nouvelles conditions suffisantes assurant la synthèse d'un correcteur FTB par retour de sortie dynamique des systèmes linéaires continus invariants perturbés ont été développées via une approche descripteur originale. Le résultat a été établi par une transformation de congruence particulière. Les conditions obtenues sont sous forme de LMIs. Deuxièmement, l'utilisation de la notion d'annulateur combinée avec le lemme de Finsler, permet d’obtenir des nouvelles conditions sous formes LMIs garantissant la stabilité et la stabilisation en temps fini des systèmes non linéaires quadratiques. Enfin, pour obtenir des conditions encore moins pessimistes dans un contexte de stabilité en temps fini, de nouveaux développements ont été proposés en utilisant des fonctions de Lyapunov polynomiales
This dissertation deals with the finite time stability and the finite time stabilization of dynamic systems. Indeed, it is often important to ensure that during the transient regime, the state trajectories do not exceed certain predefined limits in order to avoid saturations and excitations of the nonlinearities of the system. Hence the interest is to study the stability of the dynamic system in finite time. A dynamic system is said to be stable in finite time (FTS) if, for any initial state belonging to a predetermined bounded set, the state trajectory remains within another predetermined bounded set for a finite and fixed time. When the system is disturbed, it is called finite time boundedness (FTB). In this manuscript, the goal is to improve the results of finite time stability used in the literature. First, new sufficient conditions expressed in terms of LMIs for the synthesis of an FTB controller by dynamic output feedback have been developed via an original descriptor approach. An original method has been proposed which consists in using a particular congruence transformation. Second, new LMI conditions for the study of finite time stability and finite time stabilization have been proposed for disturbed and undisturbed nonlinear quadratic systems. Third, to obtain even less conservative conditions, new developments have been proposed using polynomial Lyapunov functions

The main purpose of this study is to find whether virtual teams perform as effectively as face-to-face teams and if not, whether solutions can be derived to improve the levels of performance. To this end, the study compares the performance and satisfaction perception levels of virtual teams with face-to-face teams in a learning environment. In order to develop a sound framework for the research, a detailed literature review of prior research encompassing team satisfaction and performance in face-to-face and CMC (Computer Mediated Communication) supported environments was undertaken. Additionally the researcher performed a meta-analysis of previous research studies and from these was able to build a research framework to fit the particular context of this study. This framework has strong statistical power and a solid theoretical base.

This research investigates the use of an artistic methodology to explore embodied experiences related to reintegration of returning Foreign Terrorist Fighters (FTFs). The methodology combines bodily, sensory and cognitive aspects of individual and intersubjective processes – dimensions which have long been neglected in research on reintegration. The research seeks to examine how the artistic body mapping methodology can be used in exploratory and participatory research aiming to promote the reintegration of returning FTFs. The intersubjective body mapping methodology, developed as part of the research, is used and assessed in order to explore its utility for advancing dialogue in addressing challenges related to the reintegration process, including understanding and trust, as experienced by returning FTFs, community members and security personnel in Mombasa, Kenya. The research confirms that the use of intersubjective body mapping is a powerful tool in the context of reintegration, as it serves to enhance understanding for the self and others, which correlates with trust, while allowing for communicating empirical knowledge beyond conventional means.

Les réglementations toujours plus drastiques sur les émissions de polluants ont conduit au développement de systèmes de combustion opérant en régimes pauvres qui sont malheureusement sujet aux instabilités thermo acoustiques. La capacité de la Simulation aux Grandes Echelles (SGE) à simuler des turbines à gaz industrielles complexes de grande puissance est mise en évidence au cours de ce travail de thèse. Tout d’abord, la SGE est appliquée à un brûleur académique et validée par comparaison à des mesures effectuées à l’Université de Berlin ainsi qu’à des simulations SGE effectuées avec OpenFOAM chez Siemens. Afin de déterminer la stabilité de ce bruleur le couplage entre l’acoustique et la combustion est modélisé par l’approche de type fonction de transfert de flamme (FTF). Suite à ces calcules et l’évaluation de la FTF les fluctuations du nombre de swirl sont identifiées comme un paramètre à même de modifier cette réponse de flamme. Après cette première étape de validation, une turbine à gaz industrielle est simulée en SGE pour deux géométries différentes du brûleur et pour deux points de fonctionnement. La FTF issue de ces calculs est peu influencée par les deux points de fonctionnement. A l’inverse, des légères modifications de la géométrie du swirler modifient les caractéristiques de la FTF montrant que plusieurs mécanismes sont en jeu. Ces mécanismes sont identifiés comme étant la vitesse d’entrée, les fluctuations de swirl et les fluctuations de fraction de mélange. Cette dernière est causée par: 1) la pulsation du débit de carburant injecté et 2) la trajectoire fluctuante des jets de carburant. Bien que le swirler soit conçu pour fournir un mélange le plus homogène possible, d’importantes hétérogénéités de mélange à l’entrée de la chambre de combustion sont présentes. Les perturbations de mélange se combinent avec les fluctuations de vitesse (et donc avec les fluctuations de swirl) aboutissant à des résultats de FTF différents. Un modèle étendu pour la FTF reliant le dégagement de chaleur à la vitesse d’entrée et à la fluctuation de fraction de mélange (modèle MISO) se révèle être une bonne solution pour ces systèmes complexes. Une analyse non linéaire montre en outre que l’amplitude de forçage conduit non seulement à une saturation de la flamme, mais aussi à un changement de la réponse de flamme. La saturation de la flamme n’est vérifiée que pour la FTF globale et le gain augmente localement avec une amplitude croissante. Pour ce système on notera enfin que la flamme linéaire, comme la flamme non linéaire, ne sont pas compactes: certaines zones pourtant situées l’une à coté de l’autre, ont des différences significatives de délai de FTF, montrant que certaines parties de la flamme amortissent l’excitation alors que d’autres l’amplifient
Modern pollutant regulation have led to a trend towards lean combustion systems which are prone to thermo-acoustic instabilities. The ability of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) to handle complex industrial heavy-duty gas turbines is evidenced during this thesis work. First, LES is applied to an academic single burner in order to validate the modeling against measurements performed at TU Berlin and against OpenFoam LES simulations done at Siemens. The coupling between acoustic and combustion is modeled with the Flame Transfer Function (FTF) approach and swirl number fluctuations are identified changing the FTF amplitude response of the flame. Then, an industrial gas turbine is analyzed for two different burner geometries and operating conditions. The FTF is only slightly influenced for the two operating points but slight modifications of the swirler geometry do modify the characteristics of the FTF showing that a simple model taking only into account the flight time is not appropriate and additional mechanisms are at play. Those mechanisms are identified being the inlet velocity, the swirl and the inlet mixture fraction fluctuations. The latter is caused by two mechanisms: 1) the pulsating injected fuel flow rate and 2) the fluctuating trajectory of the fuel jets. Although the diagonal swirler is designed to provide good mixing, effects of mixing heterogeneities at the combustion chamber inlet occur. Mixture perturbations phase with velocity (and hence with swirl) fluctuations and combine with them to lead to different FTF results. Another FTF approach linking heat release to inlet velocity and mixture fraction fluctuation (MISO model) shows further to be a good solution for complex systems. A nonlinear analysis shows that the forcing amplitude not only leads to a saturation of the flame but also to changes of the delay response. Flame saturation is only true for the global FTF and the gain increases locally with increasing forcing amplitude. Both, the linear and the nonlinear flames, are not compact: flame regions located right next to each other exhibited significant differences in delay meaning that at the same instant certain parts of the flame damp the excitation while others feed it

碩士
國立勤益科技大學
工業工程與管理系
95
A supply chain refers to a complex network comprised by raw material supplier, manufacturer, distributor, retailer and customer store. A research had proposed four reasons, including demand forecast, batch order, price fluctuation, and shortage of supply, leading to the bullwhip effect in a supply chain. Ambiguous information for a supply chain system causes extreme instability on an inventory policy. In 2003, the Radio Frequency Identification System (RFID) designed by EPC Global and promoted by Wal-Mart would help to clarify all-leveled information in a supply chain system and then to decrease the influence caused by the problems of bullwhip effect. This research targeted the A company with a globally-logistic supply chain system which produces TFT-LCD (Thin-Film Transistor Liquid-Crystal Display). The research aimed to build the model of RFID-Enabled TFT-LCD Supply Chain Multi-Inventory (RSMI) by the simulation software, Anylogic, through procedure analysis, multi-agent design, service level-based replenishment policies parameters computation, tagged product shipping and receiving platform implementation. According to the principle of factorial design, the 16 planned RSMI combination models had been generated. Also, the experimental analysis was executed with the two KPI values of the total inventory cost and the inventory turnover. The MINTAB’s main effects plot shows that every level with the (s,Q) inventory policy has the best effect. To compare RSMI (s,Q) with the model of non-established RFID system, the RSMI model could raise the whole inventory turnover by 22.76% and decrease the total inventory cost by 16.61%.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia das Organizações e do Trabalho, apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra
A investigação científica tem manifestado um grande interesse pela temática da interação trabalho-família, nomeadamente, pela interferência e facilitação trabalho-família. Mais concretamente, têm-se investigado os antecedentes e consequentes relativos a estes constructos, verificando, de forma consistente, a existência de diferenças entre géneros. Procurando contribuir para a compreensão deste fenómeno, o objectivo deste estudo prende-se com o aprofundar da compreensão das diferenças entre homens e mulheres, no que respeita à conciliação trabalho-família, e à análise da medida da invariância entre géneros nas Escalas T-F (Carvalho & Peralta, 2009). Tendo por base uma amostra de 610 docentes do ensino superior, procurámos explorar o poder discriminativo da escala supramencionada, assim como verificar a existência de diferenças entre géneros nesta mesma amostra. De acordo com este objectivo, foram conduzidas análises da invariância, através da elaboração de um modelo de equações estruturais (SEM), tendo-se concluído a existência de diferenças significativas entre géneros no que respeita à interferência e à facilitação trabalho-família, e que as Escalas T-F aparentam deter poder discriminativo. Palavras-chave: Interferência trabalho-família, facilitação trabalho-família, géneros, análise da invariância.
Interferência trabalho-família (ITF) e facilitação trabalho-família (FTF): Estudo da invariância da medida entre géneros Resumo A investigação científica tem manifestado um grande interesse pela temática da interação trabalho-família, nomeadamente, pela interferência e facilitação trabalho-família. Mais concretamente, têm-se investigado os antecedentes e consequentes relativos a estes constructos, verificando, de forma consistente, a existência de diferenças entre géneros. Procurando contribuir para a compreensão deste fenómeno, o objectivo deste estudo prende-se com o aprofundar da compreensão das diferenças entre homens e mulheres, no que respeita à conciliação trabalho-família, e à análise da medida da invariância entre géneros nas Escalas T-F (Carvalho & Peralta, 2009). Tendo por base uma amostra de 610 docentes do ensino superior, procurámos explorar o poder discriminativo da escala supramencionada, assim como verificar a existência de diferenças entre géneros nesta mesma amostra. De acordo com este objectivo, foram conduzidas análises da invariância, através da elaboração de um modelo de equações estruturais (SEM), tendo-se concluído a existência de diferenças significativas entre géneros no que respeita à interferência e à facilitação trabalho-família, e que as Escalas T-F aparentam deter poder discriminativo. Palavras-chave: Interferência trabalho-família, facilitação trabalho-família, géneros, análise da invariância.

Organizational support for cooperative work has been shifted from using Face-to-Face (FTF) communication in collocated groups to using Communication-Mediated-Communication (CMC) in dispersed groups. This new and growing form of communication has stimulated scholars to study the differences of group performance between FTF and CMC. Task categorization has been the methodology chosen for several empirical research studies. These studies conclude that the effectiveness of a communication medium for a given task depends on the degree to which there is a fit between the richness of information that can be transmitted via a system’s technology and the information richness requirements of that task. However, there are numerous problems associated with using task categorization in such studies. One of these limitations is that categorization forces the researcher to enclose a task situation into a general predetermined category that may not describe the real nature of the activity. For instance, task categorization does not capture the dynamic interaction of groups performing tasks that involve variation. This thesis discusses the weakness and limitations of this approach and, using conclusions drawn from experimental results, propose the adoption of a more systematic approach based on the concept of Ashby’s law of requisite variety. Findings on the differences in performance of FTF groups versus CMC groups of 39 three-person groups of engineering undergraduate students revealed that the group performance was not affected by the communication medium but rather by variation in the task (low and high complexity).

The purpose of this thesis was to study the influence of the amount of face-to-face interaction on task and relationship conflict, especially in teams with a shared identity. Data was collected from 332 respondents, who are members in a team in real life. Results show that the amount of face-to-face interaction had a significant negative impact on relationship conflict and a significant positive impact on task conflict. The model with team identification as a moderator was significant only regarding task conflict and not relationship conflict.
O propósito desta tese foi estudar a influência da interação pessoal e os conflitos de relacionamento, durante uma experiência, especialmente em equipas com identidades similares. Foram entrevistados 332 membros de uma equipa que opera como tal na vida real. Os resultados mostram que a interação pessoal entre membros da equipa tem um impacto negativo no conflito do relacionamento, contudo o impacto é positivo quando o conflito surge durante a tarefa a executar. Identificação da equipa como moderador foi significativo para o modelo apenas para o conflito de tarefas.

Combustion instability, a complex phenomenon observed in combustion chambers is due to the coupling between heat release and other unsteady flow processes. Combustion instability has long been a topic of interest to rocket scientists and has been extensively investigated experimentally and computationally. However, to date, there is no computational tool that can accurately predict the combustion instabilities in full-size combustors because of the amount of computational power required to perform a high-fidelity simulation of a multi-element chamber. Hence, the focus is shifted to reduced fidelity computational tools which may accurately predict the instability by using the information available from the high-fidelity simulations or experiments of single or few-element combustors. One way of developing reduced fidelity computational tools involves using a reduced fidelity solver together with the flame transfer functions that carry important information about the flame behavior from a high-fidelity simulation or experiment to a reduced fidelity simulation.

To date, research has been focused mainly on premixed flames and using acoustic solvers together with the global flame transfer functions that were obtained by integrating over a region. However, in the case of rockets, the flame is non-premixed and distributed in space and time. Further, the mixing of propellants is impacted by the level of flow fluctuations and can lead to non-uniform mean properties and hence, there is a need for reduced fidelity solver that can capture the gas dynamics, nonlinearities and steep-fronted waves accurately. Nonlinear Euler equations have all the required capabilities and are at the bottom of the list in terms of the computational cost among the solvers that can solve for mean flow and allow multi-dimensional modeling of combustion instabilities. Hence, in the current work, nonlinear Euler solver together with the spatially distributed local flame transfer functions that capture the coupling between flame, acoustics, and hydrodynamics is explored.

In this thesis, the approach to extract flame transfer functions from high-fidelity simulations and their integration with nonlinear Euler solver is presented. The dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) was used to extract spatially distributed flame transfer function (FTF) from high fidelity simulation of a single element non-premixed flame. Once extracted, the FTF was integrated with nonlinear Euler equations as a fluctuating source term of the energy equation. The time-averaged species destruction rates from the high-fidelity simulation were used as the mean source terms of the species equations. Following a variable gain approach, the local species destruction rates were modified to account for local cell constituents and maintain correct mean conditions at every time step of the nonlinear Euler simulation. The proposed reduced fidelity model was verified using a Rijke tube test case and to further assess the capabilities of the proposed model it was applied to a single element model rocket combustor, the Continuously Variable Resonance Combustor (CVRC), that exhibited self-excited combustion instabilities that are on the order of 10% of the mean pressure. The results showed that the proposed model could reproduce the unsteady behavior of the CVRC predicted by the high-fidelity simulation reasonably well. The effects of control parameters such as the number of modes included in the FTF, the number of sampling points used in the Fourier transform of the unsteady heat release, and mesh size are also studied. The reduced fidelity model could reproduce the limit cycle amplitude within a few percent of the mean pressure. The successful constraints on the model include good spatial resolution and FTF with all modes up to at least one dominant frequency higher than the frequencies of interest. Furthermore, the reduced fidelity model reproduced consistent mode shapes and linear growth rates that reasonably matched the experimental observations, although the apparent ability to match growth rates needs to be better understood. However, the presence of significant heat release near a pressure node of a higher harmonic mode was found to be an issue. This issue was rectified by expanding the pressure node of the higher frequency mode. Analysis of two-dimensional effects and coupling between the local pressure and heat release fluctuations showed that it may be necessary to use two dimensional spatially distributed local FTFs for accurate prediction of combustion instabilities in high energy devices such as rocket combustors. Hybrid RANS/LES-FTF simulation of the CVRC revealed that it might be necessary to use Flame Describing Function (FDF) to capture the growth of pressure fluctuations to limit cycle when Navier-Stokes solver is used.

The main objectives of this thesis are:

1. Extraction of spatially distributed local flame transfer function from the high fidelity simulation using dynamic mode decomposition and its integration with nonlinear Euler solver

2. Verification of the proposed approach and its application to the Continuously Variable Resonance Combustor (CVRC).

3. Sensitivity analysis of the reduced fidelity model to control parameters such as the number of modes included in the FTF, the number of sampling points used in the Fourier transform of the unsteady heat release, and mesh size.

The goal of this thesis is to contribute towards a reduced fidelity computational tool which can accurately predict the combustion instabilities in practical systems using flame transfer functions, by providing a path way for reduced fidelity multi-element simulation, and by defining the limitations associated with using flame transfer functions and nonlinear Euler equations for non-premixed flames.