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Boncz, Peter, Thomas Neumann, and Viktor Leis. "FSST." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 13, no. 12 (August 2020): 2649–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3407790.3407851.
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Cai, Haiyan, Qingtang Jiang, Lin Li, and Bruce W. Suter. "Analysis of adaptive short-time Fourier transform-based synchrosqueezing transform." Analysis and Applications 19, no. 01 (May 23, 2020): 71–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219530520400047.
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Recently, the study of modeling a non-stationary signal as a superposition of amplitude and frequency-modulated Fourier-like oscillatory modes has been a very active research area. The synchrosqueezing transform (SST) is a powerful method for instantaneous frequency estimation and component separation of non-stationary multicomponent signals. The short-time Fourier transform-based SST (FSST) reassigns the frequency variable to sharpen the time-frequency representation and to separate the components of a multicomponent non-stationary signal. Very recently the FSST with a time-varying parameter, called the adaptive FSST, was introduced. The simulation experiments show that the adaptive FSST is very promising in instantaneous frequency estimation of the component of a multicomponent signal, and in accurate component recovery. However, the theoretical analysis of the adaptive FSST has not been carried out. In this paper, we study the theoretical analysis of the adaptive FSST and obtain the error bounds for the instantaneous frequency estimation and component recovery with the adaptive FSST and the second-order adaptive FSST.
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Kim, Jinhee, Ilsoo Kim, Ye Eun Kim, and Seong-Beom Koh. "The Four Square Step Test for Assessing Cognitively Demanding Dynamic Balance in Parkinson’s Disease Patients." Journal of Movement Disorders 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20146.
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Objective The Four Square Step Test (FSST) is a tool that assesses dynamic balance during obstacle step-over. To date, few studies have used the FSST to measure balance in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aimed to verify that patients with PD, even at the de novo early stage, take more time to perform the FSST and identify which factors, cognitive status or cardinal motor symptoms, are related most to FSST scores.Methods Thirty-five newly diagnosed drug-naïve patients with PD and 17 controls completed the FSST. The Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage, spatiotemporal gait parameters, and neuropsychological test battery were also assessed in the PD group.Results Mean FSST performance time was 8.20 ± 1.61 seconds in patients with PD, which was significantly more than the control group (7.13 ± 1.10 seconds, p = 0.018). UPDRS part III total score and H&Y stage were not significantly associated with FSST, but among the UPDRS subscores, only the postural instability/gait disturbance subscore showed a significant association. Regarding the association between FSST and cognition, the Trail Making Test-B and the Color Word Stroop Test showed strongly inverse correlations with FSST (rho = -0.598 and -0.590, respectively). With respect to gait parameters, double support time was significantly associated with FSST score (rho = 0.342, p = 0.044); however, other parameters, including velocity and step length, were not associated with the FSST.Conclusion The FSST can be used in the clinic to assess dynamic balance with cognitive demands even in the early stages of PD.
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Mathurapongsakul, Phakkanut, and Akkradate Siriphorn. "Four Square Step Test With Foam Is More Accurate Than Those Without Foam for Discriminating Between Older Adults With and Without Fall History." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 26, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 624–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2017-0363.
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Objective:The aim was to compare the use of the four square step test (FSST) and the FSST with foam surface (FSST + foam) scores for discriminating between adults, faller older adults, and nonfaller older adults.Methods:Fifty-four participants (18 for each group) were assessed using the FSST and FSST + foam. The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated and used to compare the accuracy of the tests.Results:The FSST + foam was more accurate than FSST for discriminating between faller and nonfaller older adults (area under the curves were 0.765 and 0.725, respectively) and between nonfaller older adults and adults (area under the curves were 0.99 and 0.95, respectively). The cutoff score for discriminating between faller and nonfaller older adults was 11.21, with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.889 and 0.611, respectively.Conclusion:FSST + foam could be used as an alternative assessment for discriminating between adults, faller, and nonfaller older adults.
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Wang, Haibin, and Junbo Long. "Applications of Fractional Lower Order Synchrosqueezing Transform Time Frequency Technology to Machine Fault Diagnosis." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (August 3, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3983242.
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Synchrosqueezing transform (SST) is a high resolution time frequency representation technology for nonstationary signal analysis. The short time Fourier transform-based synchrosqueezing transform (FSST) and the S transform-based synchrosqueezing transform (SSST) time frequency methods are effective tools for bearing fault signal analysis. The fault signals belong to a non-Gaussian and nonstationary alpha (α) stable distribution with 1<α<2 and even the noises being also α stable distribution. The conventional FSST and SSST methods degenerate and even fail under α stable distribution noisy environment. Motivated by the fact that fractional low order STFT and fractional low order S-transform work better than the traditional STFT and S-transform methods under α stable distribution noise environment, we propose in this paper the fractional lower order FSST (FLOFSST) and the fractional lower order SSST (FLOSSST). In addition, we derive the corresponding inverse FLOSST and inverse FLOSSST. The simulation results show that both FLOFSST and FLOSSST perform better than the conventional FSSST and SSST under α stable distribution noise in instantaneous frequency estimation and signal reconstruction. Finally, FLOFSST and FLOSSST are applied to analyze the time frequency distribution of the outer race fault signal. Our results show that FLOFSST and FLOSSST extract the fault features well under symmetric stable (SαS) distribution noise.
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Connors, Karol A., Mary P. Galea, and Catherine M. Said. "Feldenkrais Method Balance Classes Improve Balance in Older Adults: A Controlled Trial." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nep055.
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The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Feldenkrais Method balance classes on balance and mobility in older adults. This was a prospective non-randomized controlled study with pre/post measures. The setting for this study was the general community. A convenience sample of 26 community-dwelling older adults (median age 75 years) attending Feldenkrais Method balance classes formed the Intervention group. Thirty-seven volunteers were recruited for the Control group (median age 76.5 years). A series of Feldenkrais Method balance classes (the 33312Getting Grounded Gracefully33313 series), two classes per week for 10 weeks, were conducted. Main outcome measures were Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) questionnaire, Four Square Step Test (FSST), self-selected gait speed (using GAITRite instrumented gait mat). At re-testing, the Intervention group showed significant improvement on all of the measures (ABC,P= .016, FSST,P= .001, gait speed,P< .001). The Control group improved significantly on one measure (FSST,P< .001). Compared to the Control group, the Intervention group made a significant improvement in their ABC score (P= .005), gait speed (P= .017) and FSST time (P= .022). These findings suggest that Feldenkrais Method balance classes may improve mobility and balance in older adults.
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Jia, Dongbao, Cunhua Li, Qun Liu, Qin Yu, Xiangsheng Meng, Zhaoman Zhong, Xinxin Ban, and Nizhuan Wang. "Application and Evolution for Neural Network and Signal Processing in Large-Scale Systems." Complexity 2021 (April 9, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6618833.
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Low frequency oscillation is an important attribute of human brain activity, and the amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) is an effective method to reflect the characteristics of low frequency oscillation, which has been widely used in the treatment of brain diseases and other fields. However, due to the low accuracy of the current analysis methods for low frequency signal extraction of ALFF, we propose the Fourier-based synchrosqueezing transform (FSST), which is often used in the field of signal processing to extract the ALFF of the low frequency power spectrum of the whole-time dimension. The low frequency characteristics of the extracted signal are compared with those of FSST and fast Fourier transform (FFT) through the resting-state data. It is clear that the signal extracted by FSST has more low frequency characteristics, which is significantly different from FFT.
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Junita Siusanti, I Made Widagda, and Dodik Pramono. "Comparison Between Ai Chi and Stroke Mass Exercise for Dynamic Balance Improvement in Stroke Patient." Indonesian Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 1, no. 1 (June 12, 2012): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36803/ijpmr.v1i1.212.
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Objectives : To observe improvement of dynamic balance in stroke patients who get Ai chi exercise compare to stroke exercise in stroke patients with onset more than six months.Methods : 30 subjects who met the inclution criterias were divided into two groups, Ai chi and stroke mass exercise group. Each group got exercise three times a week for four weeks.A dynamic balance testwith the four square steps test was conducted before exercise program and at the end of the exercise.Results : FSST Ai Chi start 20.48 ± 10.86, FSST end 17.55± 12.24,( p.005), stroke gymnastic start 23.98±9.41, stroke gymnastic end 18.24 ± 8.45 (p.002). In the initial test for all subjects FSST results obtained mean 28.72± 37.25 seconds and the final test of 24.02 ± 35.16 seconds FFT 29 (.443),FTT end 29(.957)Conclusions : Ai chi and stroke exercise training improved dynamic balance of stroke patients with onset more than six months, and statistically there is no different balance dynamic improvement for bothexercise.Keywords : Stroke, Dynamic balance, The four square steps test, Stroke exercise (senam stroke), Ai chi.
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Dong, Kai, Chunrong Yang, Yan Yan, Pengchong Wang, Ying Sun, Ke Wang, Tingli Lu, et al. "Investigation of the intracellular oxidative stress amplification, safety and anti-tumor effect of a kind of novel redox-responsive micelle." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 6, no. 7 (2018): 1105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tb02973j.
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Bouillon, Lucinda E., Douglas K. Sklenka, and Amy C. Driver. "Comparison of Training between 2 Cycle Ergometers on Dynamic Balance for Middle-Aged Women." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 18, no. 2 (May 2009): 316–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.18.2.316.
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Context:Interval cycle training could positively influence dynamic balance in middle-aged women.Objective:To compare training effects of a strength ergometer and a standard ergometer on 3 dynamic balance tests.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:Seventeen women were randomly assigned to standard (n = 10) or strength cycle ergometry (n = 7). A control group consisted of 7 women.Intervention:Ergometry interval training (3 sessions/wk for 4 wk).Main Outcome Measures:Three balance tests—the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), timed up-and-go (TUG), and four-square step test (FSST)—were performed at pretraining and 4 wk posttraining.Results:Four SEBT directions improved and faster scores for FSST and TUG tests for the standard-cycle group were found, whereas the strength-cycle group only improved their TUG scores. No changes posttraining for the control group.Conclusions:Stationary cycle training should be included in the dynamic balance-rehabilitation protocol for middle-aged women.
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Lorek, Paweł. "Antiduality and Möbius monotonicity: generalized coupon collector problem." ESAIM: Probability and Statistics 23 (2019): 739–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ps/2019004.
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For a given absorbing Markov chain X* on a finite state space, a chain X is a sharp antidual of X* if the fastest strong stationary time (FSST) of X is equal, in distribution, to the absorption time of X*. In this paper, we show a systematic way of finding such an antidual based on some partial ordering of the state space. We use a theory of strong stationary duality developed recently for Möbius monotone Markov chains. We give several sharp antidual chains for Markov chain corresponding to a generalized coupon collector problem. As a consequence – utilizing known results on the limiting distribution of the absorption time – we indicate separation cutoffs (with their window sizes) in several chains. We also present a chain which (under some conditions) has a prescribed stationary distribution and its FSST is distributed as a prescribed mixture of sums of geometric random variables.
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Sawers, Andrew, Janis Kim, Geoff Balkman, and Brian J. Hafner. "Interrater and Test-Retest Reliability of Performance-Based Clinical Tests Administered to Established Users of Lower Limb Prostheses." Physical Therapy 100, no. 7 (April 13, 2020): 1206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzaa063.
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Abstract Objective A major barrier to reducing falls among users of lower limb prostheses (LLP) has been an absence of statistical indices required for clinicians to select and interpret scores from performance-based clinical tests. The study aimed to derive estimates of reliability, measurement error, and minimal detectable change values in performance-based clinical tests administered to unilateral LLP users. Methods A total of 60 unilateral LLP users were administered the Narrowing Beam Walking Test, Timed ``Up and Go'' (TUG), Four Square Step Test (FSST), and 10-Meter Walk Test on 2 occasions, 3 to 9 days apart. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to assess interrater and test-retest reliability, while standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC90) were derived to establish estimates of measurement error in individual scores or changes in score for each test. Results Interrater reliability ICCs (1,1) were high for all tests (ie, ≥0.98). Test-retest ICCs (2,1) varied by test, ranging from .88 for the TUG to .97 for the FSST. SEM and MDC90 varied between .39 and .96 and between .91 seconds and 2.2 seconds for the time-based tests (FSST, TUG, 10-Meter Walk Test). SEM and MDC90 for the Narrowing Beam Walking Test were .07 and .16, respectively. Conclusion With the exception of the TUG, studied tests had test-retest ICCs (2,1) that exceeded the minimum required threshold to be considered suitable for group- and individual-level applications (ie, ICC ≥ 0.70 and ≥ 0.90, respectively). Future research on individuals with dysvascular and transfemoral amputations or in specific age categories is required. Impact Along with published validity indices, these reliability, error, and change indices can help clinicians select balance tests suitable for LLP users. They can also help clinicians interpret test scores to make informed, evidence-based clinical decisions.
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García-Marín, Manuel, Daniel Rodríguez-Almagro, Yolanda Castellote-Caballero, Alexander Achalandabaso-Ochoa, Rafael Lomas-Vega, and Alfonso Javier Ibáñez-Vera. "Efficacy of Non-Invasive Radiofrequency-Based Diathermy in the Postoperative Phase of Knee Arthroplasty: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 8 (April 10, 2021): 1611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081611.
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Total knee replacement (TKR) surgery ameliorates knee function and the quality of life of patients, although 20% still experience dissatisfaction due to pain limiting their function. Radiofrequency Diathermy (MDR) has shown improvements in knee osteoarthritis and patellofemoral pain syndrome. As such, this study aims to assess the effects of MDR in the postoperative treatment of TKR patients. Forty-two participants were allocated to an experimental, placebo, or control group. For two weeks, subjects performed daily knee exercises and MDR, knee exercises and placebo MDR, or only knee exercises. Data from the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test, Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (FSST), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), physical component summary (PCS), and the mental component summary (MCS) of the SF-12 questionnaire were collected. Group-by-time interaction was significant, with favorable results in the MDR group for VAS (p = 0.009) and WOMAC (p = 0.021). No significant differences were found for TUG, FSST, PCS, or MCS (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of MDR to therapeutic knee exercises obtained better results for knee pain than exercise alone in patients who had recently undergone TKR surgery.
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Marusic, Uros, Sidney Grosprêtre, Armin Paravlic, Simon Kovač, Rado Pišot, and Wolfgang Taube. "Motor Imagery during Action Observation of Locomotor Tasks Improves Rehabilitation Outcome in Older Adults after Total Hip Arthroplasty." Neural Plasticity 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5651391.
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This study aimed at determining whether the combination of action observation and motor imagery (AO + MI) of locomotor tasks could positively affect rehabilitation outcome after hip replacement surgery. Of initially 405 screened participants, 21 were randomly split into intervention group (N=10; mean age = 64 y; AO + MI of locomotor tasks: 30 min/day in the hospital, then 3×/week in their homes for two months) and control group (N=11, mean age = 63 y, active controls). The functional outcomes (Timed Up and Go, TUG; Four Step Square Test, FSST; and single- and dual-task gait and postural control) were measured before (PRE) and 2 months after surgery (POST). Significant interactions indicated better rehabilitation outcome for the intervention group as compared to the control group: at POST, the intervention group revealed faster TUG (p=0.042), FSST (p=0.004), and dual-task fast-paced gait speed (p=0.022), reduced swing-time variability (p=0.005), and enhanced cognitive performance during dual tasks while walking or balancing (p<0.05). In contrast, no changes were observed for body sway parameters (p≥0.229). These results demonstrate that AO + MI is efficient to improve motor-cognitive performance after hip surgery. Moreover, only parameters associated with locomotor activities improved whereas balance skills that were not part of the AO + MI intervention were not affected, demonstrating the specificity of training intervention. Overall, utilizing AO + MI during rehabilitation is advised, especially when physical practice is limited.
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Sheean, Andrew J., Matthew R. Schmitz, Catherine L. Ward, Aaron E. Barrow, David J. Tennent, Christopher J. Roach, Travis C. Burns, and Jason M. Wilken. "Assessment of Disability Related to Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome by Use of the Patient-Reported Outcome Measure Information System (PROMIS) and Objective Measures of Physical Performance." American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 11 (June 13, 2017): 2476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546517708793.
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Background: The National Institutes of Health (NIH)–sponsored Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement System (PROMIS) has been described as a valuable tool for characterizing outcomes among patients with specific musculoskeletal conditions. Additionally, previously proposed objective measures of physical performance among patients with nonarthritic hip abnormalities are costly and not practically incorporated into routine clinical practice. Purpose: (1) To determine the ability of the PROMIS to differentiate between patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and asymptomatic controls, (2) to determine the effect of FAI on subjects’ completion of timed physical performance measures, and (3) to determine whether associations exist between established patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures and subjects’ completion of physical performance measures. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Twenty-two asymptomatic controls (CON group) and 20 patients with FAI completed multiple activities to assess physical ability: self-selected walking velocity (SSWV), timed stair ascent (TSA), four-square step test (FSST), and sit-to-stand five times test (STS5). All subjects also underwent a battery of PRO questionnaires: Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS), Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-33), Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), and PROMIS. Descriptive analyses were performed and comparisons between groups were made by use of paired t tests with Bonferroni-Holm correction. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were used to determine associations between physical performance measures and PRO. The magnitude of differences between groups for each measured variable was calculated by use of Cohen’s d. Results: Significant differences between CON and FAI groups were observed for all hip-specific PRO measures (CON vs FAI for all; HOOS 99.2 vs 42.8, P < .001, iHOT-33 99.0 vs 26.6, P < .001, mHHS 99.6 vs 62.2, P < .001). Similarly, PROMIS scores were significantly different between groups for 8 of 9 tested domains. Patients with FAI demonstrated significant decrements in performance of all tested physical measures compared with asymptomatic controls (CON vs FAI, SSWV: 1.51 vs 1.32 m/s, P = .002; TSA: 3.05 vs 5.92 s, P = .017; FSST: 4.83 vs 8.89 s, P = .006; STS5: CON 5.53 vs FAI 10.75 s, P = .005.) Deficits in activities involving hip flexion—TSA, STS5—were strongly associated ( r < –0.7, P < .001) with increased reports of disability. Conclusion: FAI has a negative effect on patient-reported and objectively measured function. Hip-specific and general measures such as PROMIS, FSST, TSA, and STS5 are responsive to FAI-associated debility and may be used to objectively assess surgical or rehabilitative outcomes.
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Suresh, A. M. R., Dimple Kashyap, and Tapas Priyaranjan Behera. "Effect of Pre-Prosthetic Training in Balance and Prosthetic Performance in Traumatic Unilateral Trans-Femoral Prosthesis Users in the Age Group of 20-40 Years." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 8 (August 6, 2021): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210814.
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Background: Amputation at the trans-femoral level can be very challenging for the amputee as well for the surgeon, the prosthetist, the physical therapist. Learning to walk after a trans-femoral amputation is many times harder than learning to walk after a trans-tibial amputation. The trans-femoral amputee not only has to learn to use a prosthetic knee but also must learn to coordinate the interaction of the foot components with the prosthetic knee, which requires more mental energy. The trans-femoral amputee has more difficulty with balance and decreased proprioception and therefore a greater risk and greater fear of falling. For these reasons, the rehabilitation process is much more difficult for the trans-femoral amputee. The physical therapist must also know how to train the patient to function in all mobility situations, and must also be familiar with issues that are relevant to amputees need. Objective: The purpose of the study is to assess of effectiveness of pre-prosthetic training methods in balance and functional outcomes in new trans-femoral prosthetic users. Method: A randomized controlled study with 27 subjects had been recruited on the basis of inclusion criteria and divided into two groups. Group A (N=15, old trans-femoral prosthetic user) using their prosthesis for at least one year regularly for their daily routine as an active community walker and Group B (N=12, first time trans-femoral prosthetic user) and the amputation was a result of trauma with their first trial prosthesis for conventional gait training after the departmental protocol of pre-prosthetic stump conditioning were assessed on the four Performance Oriented Balance and Prosthetic Mobility scales, i.e. TUG, FSST, Cadence and AMP Tool and the pre and post GT and comparison of performance between old and new AK prosthesis users were analysed using paired t test for significance. Results: The pre and post GT has a statistically significant difference in TUG, FSST, cadence and AMP score at p<0.000. When compared between groups; Group A (old) and Group B (new AK) there is a statistically significant difference in the mean performance of TUG and AMP scores at p<.05, however no difference was found between FSST and Cadence. Conclusion: Pre-prosthetic stump conditioning and conventional gait training has an important role in improving the overall balance and functional outcome of the amputee after the prosthetic fitting. Need specific pre-prosthetic training and conventional gait training shall be a part of the comprehensive trans-femoral amputation rehabilitation. Key words: Amputation, gait, exercise, artificial limb, prosthesis, lower limb amputation, physical balance.
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Delgado, Ferdinand, Cheryl Der Ananian, and Daniel Peterson. "Balance and Reactive Steps in Older Adults With and Without Self-Reported Musculoskeletal Conditions." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 521–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1683.
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Abstract Older adults with musculoskeletal conditions (MSC), including arthritis and osteoporosis, may have a higher risk of falls and falls-related injuries. Differences in balance between individuals with and without self-reported MSC are not well understood. Therefore, this study compared measures of balance (static and dynamic) and reactive stepping between older adults (N=99) with (75.79±5.38 years, n=38, 82% female) and without (75.93±6.36 years, n=61, 67% female) MSC. A cross-sectional design was used. Static balance was assessed via postural sway area (PSA) and PSA root mean square (PSARMS) during quiet stance. Dynamic balance was assessed with the Timed Up & Go (TUG), a dual-task cognitive TUG (TUG-COG), and the Four Square Step Test (FSST). Reactive stepping was measured as the first step latency, length, width, time, total number of recovery steps, and time until balance recovery after a backward lean and release. Linear regression was used to assess group differences. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and grip strength, there were no significant differences between groups in static balance (PSA (p=0.884); PSARMS (p=0.246)) and reactive stepping outcomes (first step latency (p=0.184); total number of steps (p=0.423); step width (p=0.964)). The other reactive step outcomes are not reported since explained variance was not statistically significant (p>0.05). With dynamic balance, significant group differences showed individuals with MSC took more time to complete TUG (p=0.011) and TUG-COG (p=0.005), but not the FSST (p=0.493). Our findings suggest improving dynamic balance, especially with a walking component, in older adults with self-reported MSC is needed.
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Sillanpää, Jouko, Sreedhar R. Nallapareddy, Janeu Houston, Vannakambadi K. Ganesh, Agathe Bourgogne, Kavindra V. Singh, Barbara E. Murray, and Magnus Höök. "A family of fibrinogen-binding MSCRAMMs from Enterococcus faecalis." Microbiology 155, no. 7 (July 1, 2009): 2390–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.027821-0.
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We report that three (EF0089, EF2505 and EF1896, renamed here Fss1, Fss2 and Fss3, respectively, for Enterococcus faecalis surface protein) of the recently predicted MSCRAMMs (microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules) in E. faecalis strain V583 bind fibrinogen (Fg). Despite an absence of extensive primary sequence homology, the three proteins appear to be related structurally. Within the N-terminal regions of the three enterococcal proteins, we identified pairs of putative IgG-like modules with a high degree of predicted structural similarity to the Fg-binding N2 and N3 domains of the staphylococcal MSCRAMMs ClfA and SdrG. A second N2N3-like segment was predicted in Fss1. Far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that all four predicted N2N3-like regions are composed mainly of β-sheets with only a minor proportion of α-helices, which is characteristic of Ig-like folded domains. Three of the four identified enterococcal N2N3-like regions showed potent dose-dependent binding to Fg. However, the specificity of the Fg-binding MSCRAMMs differs, as indicated by far-Western blots, which showed that recombinant segments of the MSCRAMMs bound different Fg polypeptide chains. Enterococci grown in serum-supplemented broth adhere to Fg-coated surfaces, and inactivation in strain OG1RF of the gene encoding Fss2 resulted in reduced adherence, whilst complementation of the mutant restored full Fg adherence. Thus, E. faecalis contains a family of MSCRAMMs that structurally and functionally resemble the Fg-binding MSCRAMMs of staphylococci.
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Scott, Elizabeth J., Michael C. Willey, Arthur Mercado, John Davison, and Jason M. Wilken. "Assessment of Disability Related to Hip Dysplasia Using Objective Measures of Physical Performance." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 232596712090329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120903290.
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Background: Lower extremity physical performance measures (PPMs), which can objectively quantify functional ability, are an attractive adjuvant to patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments. However, few tests have been validated for use in hip instability. Purpose: To evaluate 4 different PPMs for their ability to differentiate between young adults with hip dysplasia indicated for treatment with periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) and asymptomatic controls and to test inter- and intratest reliability and relationship with popular hip PRO instruments. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 24 symptomatic patients aged 15 to 39 years (100% female) with hip dysplasia (lateral center-edge angle <25°) indicated for treatment with PAO completed the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome (HOOS) Pain subscale, HOOS Short Version (HOOS PS), International Hip Outcome Tool Short Version (iHOT-12), modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) physical function (PF) and pain interference (PI), and 4 physical function tests: (1) self-selected walking speed (SSWS), sit-to-stand 5 times (STS5), (3) 4-square step test (FSST), and (4) timed stair ascent (TSA). A further 21 young, asymptomatic adults aged 18 to 39 years (91% female) also underwent testing. Between-group comparisons were made with unpaired t test with Bonferroni-Holm correction. Inter- and intrarater reliability was assessed in 38 participants by repeating PPMs at a second visit and using 2 raters. Spearman rank correlation coefficients were used to determine associations between PPMs and PRO instruments. Results: Significant differences between patients with hip dysplasia and controls were observed for all PRO instruments (HOOS Pain, 47.8 vs 99.2; HOOS PS, 61.9 vs 99.2; iHOT-12, 32.2 vs 99.2; mHHS, 54.5 vs 90.6; PROMIS PF, 41.4 vs 65.6; and PROMIS PI, 62.0 vs 39.1 [all P < .001]), and all PPMs (SSWS, 1.21 vs 1.53 m/s; STS5, 10.85 vs 5.95 s; FSST, 6.59 vs 4.03 s [all P < .001]; and TSA, 4.58 vs 3.29 s [ P = .002]). All 4 PPMs demonstrated excellent intra- and intertest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.83-0.99). STS5, FSST, and TSA were correlated highly ( r > 0.5) with physical function PRO instruments, including PROMIS PF, mHHS, and iHOT-12. Conclusion: Patients with symptomatic hip dysplasia demonstrated significant impairment on functional testing compared with asymptomatic controls, and performance measure testing demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability. Timed stair ascent and sit-to-stand testing in particular were correlated strongly with physical function PRO instruments. PPMs may be a viable and well-received adjuvant to PRO instrument administration for patients with nonarthritic hip conditions, and investigation of the ability of PPMs to assess surgical outcomes for hip dysplasia is warranted.
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Shema, Shirley Roth, Marina Brozgol, Moran Dorfman, Inbal Maidan, Lior Sharaby-Yeshayahu, Hila Malik-Kozuch, Orly Wachsler Yannai, Nir Giladi, Jeffrey M. Hausdorff, and Anat Mirelman. "Clinical Experience Using a 5-Week Treadmill Training Program With Virtual Reality to Enhance Gait in an Ambulatory Physical Therapy Service." Physical Therapy 94, no. 9 (September 1, 2014): 1319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20130305.
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BackgroundCurrent literature views safe gait as a complex task, relying on motor and cognitive resources. The use of virtual reality (VR) in gait training offers a multifactorial approach, showing positive effects on mobility, balance, and fall risk in elderly people and individuals with neurological disorders. This form of training has been described as a viable research tool; however, it has not been applied routinely in clinical practice. Recently, VR was used to develop an adjunct training method for use by physical therapists in an ambulatory clinical setting.ObjectiveThe aim of this article is to describe the initial clinical experience of applying a 5-week VR clinical service to improve gait and mobility in people with a history of falls, poor mobility, or postural instability.DesignA retrospective data analysis was conducted.MethodsThe clinical records of the first 60 patients who completed the VR gait training program were examined. Training was provided 3 times per week for 5 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 1 hour and consisting of walking on a treadmill while negotiating virtual obstacles. Main outcome measures were compared across time and included the Timed “Up & Go” Test (TUG), the Two-Minute Walk Test (2MWT), and the Four Square Step Test (FSST).ResultsAfter 5 weeks of training, time to complete the TUG decreased by 10.3%, the distance walked during the 2MWT increased by 9.5%, and performance on the FSST improved by 13%.LimitationsLimitations of the study include the use of a retrospective analysis with no control group and the lack of objective cognitive assessment.ConclusionsTreadmill training with VR appears to be an effective and practical tool that can be applied in an outpatient physical therapy clinic. This training apparently leads to improvements in gait, mobility, and postural control. It, perhaps, also may augment cognitive and functional aspects.
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Komatsu, Yuhei, Kiyofumi Suzuki, and Tetsuya Fujii. "Sequence stratigraphy and controls on gas hydrate occurrence in the eastern Nankai Trough, Japan." Interpretation 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): SA73—SA81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2015-0024.1.
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The first offshore gas hydrate production test was conducted within the gas-hydrate-concentrated zone (reservoir) of the eastern Nankai Trough, which is considered to be a stratigraphic accumulation. However, the accumulation mechanism for this concentrated zone was not yet well understood. We used core and geophysical log data sets to determine the subsurface geologic architecture and stratigraphic evolution most likely responsible for the stratigraphic accumulation of gas hydrate in the eastern Nankai Trough. Seven depositional sequences were identified based on grain size, bed thickness, sedimentary structure, and stacking patterns. The sequence boundaries were also identified by terminations of seismic reflection. These sequences were attributed to a fourth to fifth-order eustatic sea-level changes because the stacking pattern cycle was in phase with global oxygen isotope curves; the cycle was also identified in the onshore formation during the same period. The reservoir was interpreted as falling-stage systems tract (FSST) and lowstand systems tract (LST). FSST and LST consisted mostly of trough-fill channel deposits. The deposits were represented by alternations of very fine- to fine-grained sand and silt. The reservoir is located in association with the structural wing of the Daini-Atsumi Knoll. The uplift of the knoll was strongly controlled by tectonic events associated with subduction of the pacific plate during Pleistocene time. The muddy deposits above the reservoir were interpreted as condensed section. We identified channel facies pinched out against structural highs, and together, these result in stratigraphic traps. Consequentially, the gas hydrate trapping system was constrained by sedimentary facies, systems tracts, and geographic and tectonic setting. Concepts and data generated in this study can be used for gas hydrate petroleum system analysis such as basin simulation.
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McConnell, Evan P., and Robin M. Queen. "Correlation of Physical Performance and Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Total Ankle Arthroplasty." Foot & Ankle International 38, no. 2 (October 3, 2016): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100716672656.
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Background: Functional recovery following total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is assessed with patient-reported metrics, but physical performance tests may allow for a more accurate assessment of patient function. We quantified correlations between patient-reported measures and physical performance tests in patients after TAA to determine the usefulness of physical performance tests in post-TAA assessment. Methods: In total, 140 patients with end-stage ankle osteoarthritis were assessed prior to TAA and again at 12 and 24 months postoperatively. At each time point, the visual analog scale (VAS), Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI), American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS), Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA), and Short-Form 36 (SF-36) scores were collected, as well as walking speed, Four-Square Step Test (FSST) times, and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) balance scores. Results: All but 1 (SF-36 general health component) of the patient-reported outcomes improved significantly from preoperative assessment to both 1 and 2 years postoperatively ( P < .001 in all cases). Walking speed, FSST times, and balance scores improved significantly across time ( P < .001 in all cases). Walking speed was moderately correlated with total SF-36 scores at both 1 and 2 years postoperatively ( P < .001 in both cases), both components of the SMFA at 1 year postoperatively ( P < .001 in both cases), and total AOFAS scores at 2 years postoperatively ( P = .001). Conclusion: The lack of strong correlations between the 2 sets of metrics indicates that they provide different information about a patient’s recovery following TAA. Therefore, it is important to include both sets of metrics in post-TAA assessments to better understand operative success and functional recovery. Level of Evidence: Level IV, cohort study.
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Zhiqiang, Pei, Lu Shuchang, Wang Xi, Hou Kun, Ya Zongjie, Zhang Yu, Wang Dafeng, and Li Xiawen. "Study on greenhouse soil nitrogen absorption and soil layer transport of different summer catch crops with different planting density in North China." E3S Web of Conferences 143 (2020): 02023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014302023.
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In order to improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and reduce the environmental pollution risk of the nitrogen accumulation in the vegetable field, this study was carried out in the summer leisure period of the greenhouse vegetable production. This experiment designed different planting density treatments in 2017 and 2018, i.e. for catch waxy corn, 3300 plants/667m2 (WCD1), 5000 plants/667m2 (WCD2), 6600 plants/667m2 (WCD3), for forage sweet sorghum, 4500 plants /667m2 (FSS4), 7000 plants/667m2 (FSS5), 9000 plants/667m2 (FSS6) in 2017; and for catch waxy corn, 4500 plants/667m2 (WCDI), 7000 plants/667m2 (WCDII), 9000 plants/667m2(WCDIII), for forage sweet sorghum, 7000 plants/667m2 (FSSIV), 10000 plants/667m2 (FSSV), 14000 plants/667m2 (FSSVI) in 2018. The results showed that the biomass and nitrogen absorption of the two catch crops began to improve and then decreased with the increase of planting density. The nitrogen absorption amount of the catch waxy corn and forage sweet sorghum was 22.36~28.68 kg/667m2,21.67~24.39 kg/667m2, respectively. Different planting density of catch waxy corn and forage sweet sorghum could significantly reduce the total nitrogen content of 0~30cm soil layer and the nitrate nitrogen content of 0~90cm soil layer, for catch waxy corn and forage sweet sorghum, the reduction rate of total nitrogen content in 0~30cm soil layer was 9.6%~27.0%, 5.7%~23.5%, the reduction rate of nitrate nitrogen content reached 50.0%~90.8%, 80.1%~96.4%, respectively, which effectively controlled the nitrate nitrogen leaching to soil deep layer. Planting catch crops could increase soil urease activity, regulate soil nitrogen transformation. Compared with other treatments, WCDII and FSSV treatment can reduce the initial urease activity and soil nitrate nitrogen content of next crops, which is consistent with the nutrient requirements of broccoli in the early stage of growth. These catch crops planting could reduce the nitrogen environmental risk in the greenhouse soil. Finally, the study proposed that the suitable planting density of catch waxy corn and forage sweet sorghum planted was 6600~7000 plants/667m2, and 9000~10000 plants/667m2, respectively, in the greenhouse summer leisure period. It is more advantageous to improve soil nitrogen absorption and reduce soil nitrogen environmental risks for catch waxy corn.
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Roffman, Caroline E., John Buchanan, and Garry T. Allison. "Locomotor Performance During Rehabilitation of People With Lower Limb Amputation and Prosthetic Nonuse 12 Months After Discharge." Physical Therapy 96, no. 7 (July 1, 2016): 985–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20140164.
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AbstractBackgroundIt is recognized that multifactorial assessments are needed to evaluate balance and locomotor function in people with lower limb amputation. There is no consensus on whether a single screening tool could be used to identify future issues with locomotion or prosthetic use.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine whether different tests of locomotor performance during rehabilitation were associated with significantly greater risk of prosthetic abandonment at 12 months postdischarge.DesignThis was a retrospective cohort study.MethodData for descriptive variables and locomotor tests (ie, 10-Meter Walk Test [10MWT], Timed “Up & Go” Test [TUGT], Six-Minute Walk Test [6MWT], and Four Square Step Test [FSST]) were abstracted from the medical records of 201 consecutive participants with lower limb amputation. Participants were interviewed and classified as prosthetic users or nonusers at 12 months postdischarge. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze whether there were differences in locomotor performance. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to determine performance thresholds, and relative risk (RR) was calculated for nonuse.ResultsAt 12 months postdischarge, 18% (n=36) of the participants had become prosthetic nonusers. Performance thresholds, area under the curve (AUC), and RR of nonuse (95% confidence intervals [CI]) were: for the 10MWT, if walking speed was ≤0.44 ms−1 (AUC=0.743), RR of nonuse=2.76 (95% CI=1.83, 3.79; P<.0001); for the TUGT, if time was ≥21.4 seconds (AUC=0.796), RR of nonuse=3.17 (95% CI=2.17, 4.14; P<.0001); for the 6MWT, if distance was ≤191 m (AUC=0.788), RR of nonuse=2.84, (95% CI=2.05, 3.48; P<.0001); and for the FSST, if time was ≥36.6 seconds (AUC=0.762), RR of nonuse=2.76 (95% CI=1.99, 3.39; P<.0001).LimitationsMissing data, potential recall bias, and assessment times that varied were limitations of the study.ConclusionsLocomotor performance during rehabilitation may predict future risk of prosthetic nonuse. It may be implied that the 10MWT has the greatest clinical utility as a single screening tool for prosthetic nonuse, given the highest proportion of participants were able to perform this test early in rehabilitation. However, as locomotor skills improve, other tests (in particular, the 6MWT) have specific clinical utility. To fully enable implementation of these locomotor criteria for prosthetic nonuse into clinical practice, validation is warranted.
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Lee, DongGeon, SeungHeon An, and GyuChang Lee. "Discriminant and predictive validity of TUG, F8WT, FSST, ST for community walking levels in chronic stroke survivors." Journal of Korean Academy of Physical Therapy Science 27, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26862/jkpts.2020.09.27.2.25.
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Gaona, Alvaro Joaquin, and Pedro David Arini. "Deep Recurrent Learning for Heart Sounds Segmentation based on Instantaneous Frequency Features." Elektron 4, no. 2 (December 14, 2020): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37537/rev.elektron.4.2.101.2020.
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En este trabajo se presenta un conjunto de técnicas bien conocidas definiendo un método automático para determinar los sonidos fundamentales en un fonocardiograma (PCG). Mostraremos una red neuronal recurrente capaz de segmentar segmentar un fonocardiograma en sus principales componentes, y una forma muy específica de extraer frecuencias instantáneas que jugarán un importante rol en el entrenamiento y validación del modelo propuesto. Más específicamente, el método propuesto involucra una red neuronal Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) acompañada de la Transformada Sincronizada de Fourier (FSST) usada para extraer atributos en tiempo-frecuencia en un PCG. El presente enfoque fue evaluado con señales de fonocardiogramas mayores a 5 segundos y menores a 35 segundos de duración extraı́dos de bases de datos públicas. Se demostró, que con una arquitectura relativamente pequeña, un conjunto de datos acotado y una buena elección de las características, este método alcanza una eficacia cercana a la del estado del arte, con una sensitividad promedio de 89.5%, una precisión promedio de 89.3% y una exactitud promedio de 91.3%.
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Mohd Said, Aisyah, Haidzir Manaf, Saiful Adli Bukry, and Maria Justine. "Mobility and Balance and Their Correlation with Physiological Factors in Elderly with Different Foot Postures." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/385269.
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This study determines (1) the correlation between mobility and balance performances with physiological factors and (2) the relationship between foot postures with anthropometric characteristics and lower limb characteristics among elderly with neutral, pronated, and supinated foot. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in community-dwelling elderly (age: 69.86 ± 5.62 years). Participants were grouped into neutral (n=16), pronated (n=14), and supinated (n=14) foot based on the foot posture index classification. Anthropometric data (height, weight, and BMI), lower limb strength (5-STS) and endurance (30 s chair rise test), mobility (TUG), and balance (FSST) were determined. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Body weight was negatively and moderately correlated (rs=-0.552,P<0.05) with mobility in supinated foot; moderate-to-high positive linear rank correlation was found between lower limb strength and mobility (rs=0.551to 0.804,P<0.05) for pronated and neutral foot. Lower limb endurance was negatively and linearly correlated with mobility in pronated (rs=-0.699) and neutral (rs=-0.573) foot. No correlation was observed in balance performance with physiological factors in any of the foot postures. We can conclude that muscle function may be the most important feature to make movement possible in older persons regardless of the type of foot postures.
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Ezpeleta, Miguel, Juan José Rustán, Diego Balseiro, Federico Miguel Dávila, Juan Andrés Dahlquist, Norberto Emilio Vaccari, Andrea Fabiana Sterren, Cyrille Prestianni, Gabriela Adriana Cisterna, and Miguel Basei. "Glaciomarine sequence stratigraphy in the Mississippian Río Blanco Basin, Argentina, southwestern Gondwana. Basin analysis and palaeoclimatic implications for the Late Paleozoic Ice Age during the Tournaisian." Journal of the Geological Society 177, no. 6 (June 11, 2020): 1107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2019-214.
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The Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA) has been well recorded in the uppermost Mississippian–Pennsylvanian of Gondwana. Nevertheless, little is known about the temporal and geographic dynamics, particularly during the early Mississippian. We report on exceptional Tournaisian glaciomarine stratigraphic sections from central Argentina (Río Blanco Basin). Encompassing c. 1400 m, these successions contain conspicuous glacigenic strata with age constraints provided by palaeontological data and U/Pb detrital zircon age spectra. A variety of marine, glaciomarine and fan-deltaic environments indicate relative sea-level variations mainly associated with tectonism and repetitive cycles of glacial activity. Provenance analysis indicates a source from the Sierras Pampeanas basement located to the east. Fifteen sequences were grouped into three depositional models: (1) Transgressive Systems Tracts (TST) to Highstand Systems Tracts (HST) sequences unaffected by glacial ice; (2) Lowstand Systems Tracts (LST) to TST and then to HST with glacial influence; and (3) non-glacial Falling-Stage Systems Tracts (FSST) to TST and HST. The glacial evidence indicates that the oldest Mississippian glacial stage of the LPIA in southwestern Gondwana is constrained to the middle Tournaisian. In contrast with previous descriptions of Gondwanan coeval glacial records, our sequence analysis confirms complex hierarchical climate variability, rather than a single episode of ice advance and retreat.Supplementary material: Detailed stratigraphic sections, palaeocurrents and compositional analysis and U/Pb detrital Zr methodology and data are available at: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5011424
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Dobbs, Thomas L., Mark G. Leddy, and James D. Smolik. "Factors influencing the economic potential for alternative farming systems: Case analyses in South Dakota." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 3, no. 1 (1988): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300002101.
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AbstractResults of calculations on the economic potential for alternative (low input, sustainable) farming systems in a small grain-row crop region of the Northern Plains are reported. Two sets of alternative farming systems, in which no chemical fertilizers or herbicides are used, are compared with various conventional and reduced till systems. In Farming Systems Study I (FSS1), an alternative rotation consisting of oats, alfalfa, soybeans, and corn is compared with conventional and ridge till rotation systems composed of corn, soybeans, and spring wheat. In Farming Systems Study II (FSS2), three systems with an emphasis on small grains are compared. An alternative system rotation consisting of oats, sweet clover, soybeans, and spring wheat is compared with conventional and minimum till rotation systems comprised of soybeans, spring wheat, and barley. Results of baseline economic analyses show that alternative farming systems can be competitive with more conventional systems in at least some situations. The alternative systems entail markedly lower direct costs, and the alternative system in FSS2 has approximately the same net returns as the comparable conventional and minimum till systems. The FSS1 alternative system has positive but somewhat lower net returns than the comparable conventional and ridge till systems. Sensitivity analyses were conducted with alternative system crop yields, chemical fertilizer and herbicide prices, and varying assumptions about future Federal farm program support levels and acreage set aside requirements. The yield sensitivity analyses show that one alternative farming system requires yields about 5–10 percent above those of the comparable conventional system to produce the same net returns. However, the other alternative system is competitive with a conventional system even with yields 5 percent lower. Analyses varying chemical fertilizer and herbicide prices reveal that the alternative farming system in FSS1 becomes competitive with more conventional systems when fertilizer and herbicide prices rise by 50 percent. The alternative farming system in FSS2 is already competitive at current fertilizer and herbicide prices. In some cases, sensitivity analyses with Federal farm program provisions indicate that reductions in farm program benefits increase the economic competitiveness of alternative farming systems. However, important exceptions occur. Results indicate that not only the level of future farm program benefits, but also the form of program provisions and compliance requirements, will affect the relative competitiveness of alternative farming systems.
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Gouelle, Arnaud, and Michael Jason Highsmith. "Instrumented Four Square Step Test in Adults with Transfemoral Amputation: Test-Retest Reliability and Discriminant Validity between Two Types of Microprocessor Knees." Sensors 20, no. 17 (August 24, 2020): 4782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174782.
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Technology-based outcomes have recently been proposed to complement the standard Four Square Step Test (FSST) by providing a decomposition of the sequences and information about the stepping pattern. A test-retest study and a randomized crossover design have been used to determine immediate test-retest reliability and to assess discriminant validity, in persons with a unilateral transfemoral amputation, for the parameters computed by an instrumented version of the Four Square Step Test. Twenty adults, independent and unlimited community ambulators, with a unilateral transfemoral amputation, performed two Four Square Step Tests on a pressure mat first with a microprocessor knee, then, a few weeks later with another one. One of these prosthetic knees was acknowledged to be superior and to provide functional improvement. Test-retest, intraclass correlation coefficients and minimal detectable change at 95% confidence level were calculated for each variable. Paired samples t-tests were then used to identify differences between the two microprocessor knee systems. The test-retest reliability of most outcome measures was good to excellent. Few variables showed a systematic difference and a trend to improve between test 1 and test 2. When comparing both microprocessor knees, significant differences in the expected direction were observed, with interpretation in accordance with a functional improvement. Importantly, we highlighted that various strategies to improve the performance in the test might complexify the interpretation of the most detailed measurement. The instrumented Four Square Step test provides reliable measures with satisfactory test-retest reliability and discriminant validity in persons with unilateral transfemoral amputation.
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Gray, Vicki, Sarasijhaa Desikan, Amir Khan, Dawn Barth, Siddhartha Sikdar, John Sorkin, and Brajesh Lal. "Carotid Revascularization Improves Balance and Mobility, Particularly in Patients That Are Most Impaired." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.387.
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Abstract Balance and mobility function worsen with age, and more so for those with underlying diseases. Our research has demonstrated that asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS) is associated with worse balance and mobility, and a higher fall risk, compared to older adults with similar comorbidities, but without ACAS. Thus, ACAS, with attendant blood flow-restriction to the brain is a potentially modifiable risk factor for balance and mobility dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of restoring blood flow to the brain by carotid revascularization, on balance and mobility in patients with high-grade ACAS (≥70% diameter-reducing stenosis). Twenty adults (67.0±9.4 years) undergoing carotid revascularization for high-grade stenosis were enrolled. A balance and mobility assessment was performed before- and six weeks- after carotid revascularization and included: Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Four Square Step Test (FSST), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) Timed Up and Go (TUG), gait speed, MiniBESTest, and Walk While Talk (WWT) test. Paired t-tests assessed changes in outcome measures between the two-time points. Significant improvements were observed in measures that combined walking with dynamic movements, DGI (P=0.003), and MiniBESTest (P=0.021). Pearson’s correlations examined the relationship between balance and mobility before surgery and change score after surgery. Patients with lower baseline DGI and MiniBest scores demonstrated the most improvement on follow-up testing (r=-0.70, p=0.001, and r=-0.59, p=0.006, respectively). In conclusion, revascularization of a carotid artery stenosis improves balance and mobility; the greatest improvements are observed in those patients that are the most impaired.
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De la Lastra, Eduardo, María Villarino, Juan Diego Astacio, Inmaculada Larena, Antonieta De Cal, and Nieves Capote. "Genetic Diversity and Vegetative Compatibility of Fusarium solani Species Complex of Strawberry in Spain." Phytopathology® 109, no. 12 (December 2019): 2142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-05-19-0173-r.
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Fusarium solani is a soilborne fungus that is a pathogen to >100 plant species. It is the causal agent of crown and root rot in strawberry. We collected 100 F. solani isolates from diseased plants and soils from two distinct geographic areas of strawberry production in Spain: plant nurseries located in the north-central region of the country and fruit production fields located in the southwestern region. The aims of this study were to accurately identify the isolates within the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) based on multilocus sequence typing, determine the genetic diversity and population structure of strawberry-associated FSSC based on phylogenetic analysis, and determine the vegetative compatibility among isolates in both strawberry production areas. Seven phylogenetic species, restricted to clade 3 of FSSC, were defined in the Spanish strawberry crops, showing a regional variation of species composition. Isolates from nurseries were composed of four phylogenetic species (i.e., FSSC 2, FSSC 5, FSSC 9, and an unknown FSSC species) that matched with five vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs). Isolates from fruit production fields included five phylogenetic species (i.e., FSSC 2, FSSC 3 + 4, FSSC 5, FSSC 6, and FSSC 11) distributed into 29 VCGs not correlated with phylogenetic groups. FSSC 5 and FSSC 2 were the most abundant species in nurseries and fruit production fields, respectively, and they were the only species present in both production areas. Of the 47 sequence-based haplotypes defined, no haplotypes were shared between nurseries and fruit production fields. Pathogenic isolates were present in all but FSSC 6 and FSSC 9 species, and FSSC 3 + 4 contained the higher percentage of pathogenic isolates. No relationship was observed between pathogenicity and the source of isolates (plant or soil). Generally, species present in fruit production fields showed higher genetic diversity than those present in nurseries. This work can contribute to understanding the diversity of this species complex in Spanish strawberry production areas, which will be useful for developing integrated disease management strategies.
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Chitrampalam, Periasamy, Nivi Abraham, and Berlin D. Nelson. "A Culture-Independent PCR-Based Assay to Detect the Root Rot Pathogen Fusarium solani Species Complex 11 from Soybean Roots and Soil." Plant Disease 102, no. 2 (February 2018): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-17-0447-re.
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Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) 11 is the primary phylogenetic species of FSSC causing root rot in soybean in the north-central United States. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay was developed to identify and differentiate FSSC 11 from the less aggressive FSSC 5 and other Fusarium and Pythium spp. associated with soybean roots. The primer set FSSC11-F and FSSC11-R designed from the RNA polymerase second largest subunit gene yielded the expected amplicon of about 900 bp with DNA from all 22 FSSC 11 isolates tested in PCR. However, it did not produce an amplicon with DNA from 29 isolates of FSSC 5, seven other Fusarium spp., three Pythium spp., and soybean tested in PCR. Furthermore, the primer set successfully detected FSSC 11 from a DNA mixture containing the DNA of FSSC 11, FSSC 5, other Fusarium spp., and soybean. The primer set also detected FSSC 11 from both soil and soybean roots. Additionally, the prevalence of FSSC 11 in soybean roots was determined in five fields in North Dakota by both a culture-independent PCR approach with FSSC11-F and FSSC11-R and a culture-dependent approach. Results from both the culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches with FSSC11-F and FSSC11-R were consistent and revealed the presence of the FSSC 11 in three of five fields sampled.
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Samson, F. "FLAGdb/FST: a database of mapped flanking insertion sites (FSTs) of Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA transformants." Nucleic Acids Research 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/30.1.94.
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Handaga, Bana, Tutut Herawan, and Mustafa Mat Deris. "FSSC." International Journal of Fuzzy System Applications 2, no. 4 (October 2012): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijfsa.2012100102.
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Introduced is a new algorithm for the classification of numerical data using the theory of fuzzy soft set, named Fuzzy Soft Set Classifier (FSSC). The algorithm uses the fuzzy approach in the pre-processing stage to obtain features, and similarity concept in the process of classification. It can be applied not only to binary-valued datasets, but also be able to classify the data that consists of real numbers. Comparison tests on seven datasets from UCI Machine Learning Repository have been carried out. It is shown that the proposed algorithm provides better accuracy and higher accuracy as compared to the baseline algorithm using soft set theory.
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Farhani, Farid, Hamid Rajabi, Raoof Negaresh, Ajmol Ali, Sadegh Amani Shalamzari, and Julien S. Baker. "Reliability and Validity of a Novel Futsal Special Performance Test Designed to Measure Skills and Anaerobic Performance." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14, no. 8 (September 1, 2019): 1096–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0850.
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Purpose: To examine the validity and reliability of a novel futsal special performance test (FSPT) as a measure of futsal performance and skills. Methods: Thirty-six futsal players with different levels of experience were recruited and divided into 2 groups (elite and nonelite). Players participated in 4 sessions (at least 7 d apart): (1) familiarization session, (2) anaerobic power (Wingate test), (3) FSPT trial 1, and (4) FSPT trial 2. The FSPT was carried out on a futsal court (wooden sprung floor) and skills such as dribbling, rotation, long and short passing, and shooting were examined. Content validity was assessed by 6 experienced futsal coaches and instructors. Results: There was a significant correlation between FSPT and various aspects of anaerobic power (r = .5–.91; P ≤ .001). Moreover, significant large correlations were observed between test and retest of FSPT (r = .77; 95% confidence interval [CI], .56–.98; P ≤ .001). All instructors and coaches confirmed the content validity. There was high interrater reliability of the FSPT (r = .89; 95% CI, .85–.93; P < .001). FSPT total time (P = .001), penalty time (P = .022), and performance time (P = .001) were superior in elite relative to nonelite players. Anaerobic power was greater in elite players (P < .001). Conclusion: The results support the use of the FSPT to assess futsal players’ performance in conjunction with skill and anaerobic fitness.
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Champ, Colin E., Mark V. Mishra, Wenyin Shi, Joshua Siglin, Maria Werner-Wasik, David W. Andrews, and James J. Evans. "Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Trigeminal Schwannomas." Neurosurgery 71, no. 2 (April 2, 2012): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e318256bbc5.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Data on radiotherapy for trigeminal schwannomas (TSs) and comparison of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) are limited. OBJECTIVE: We present a large retrospective review of our institutional experience treating TSs with SRS and FSRT. We also describe a flare phenomenon experienced by some patients. METHODS: The records of 23 consecutive TSs patients treated with radiotherapy between 1996 and 2011 were reviewed. We investigated radiographic response, tumor control, and toxicity. RESULTS: Ten patients underwent SRS and 13 underwent FSRT, with median clinical follow-up of 32 months (range, 3–120 months). Tumor control at 5 and 10 years was 94% overall. Symptom control at 5 years was achieved in 48% of all patients, with nonsignificant improvement in more patients in the FSRT group than those in the SRS group (56% vs 40%, P = .37). Acute toxicity was higher in the FSRT group (38.5 vs 0%, P < .01), although lesions treated with FSRT were larger (mean, 9.5 mL vs 4.8 mL, P < .01). A symptomatic flare phenomenon occurred in 2 patients (8.7% overall) during FSRT, involving transient cystic formation and dramatic size increase. One lesion regressed in size and 1 remained stable on follow-up. CONCLUSION: Tumor control rates for TSs are excellent with SRS and FSRT with minimal toxicity. This represents the first documented report of a flare phenomenon after FSRT for TS treatment. Flare risk after FSRT in previously resected large lesions should be discussed with patients before treatment, and prophylactic oral steroids may be considered.
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Rhome, Ryan, Isabelle M. Germano, Ren-Dih Sheu, and Sheryl Green. "Long-term outcomes of acromegaly treated with fractionated stereotactic radiation: case series and literature review." Neuro-Oncology Practice 4, no. 4 (March 31, 2017): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nop/npx002.
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Abstract Background Growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenomas represent an uncommon subset of pituitary neoplasms. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) have been used as primary or adjuvant treatment. The purpose of this study is to report the long-term tumor control and toxicity from our institution and to perform a systematic literature review of acromegaly patients treated with FSRT. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients treated with FSRT (median dose 50.4 Gray [Gy], range 50.4–54 Gy) between 2005 and 2012 who had: 1) GH-secreting adenoma with persistently elevated insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) despite medical therapy and 2) clinical follow up >3 years after FSRT. Patients were treated with modern FSRT planning techniques. Biochemical control was defined as IGF-1 normalization. Systematic review of the literature was performed for FSRT in acromegaly. Results With a median follow-up of 80 months, radiographic control was achieved in all 11 patients and overall survival was 100%. Long-term biochemical control was achieved in 10 patients (90.9%) with either FSRT alone (36.4%) or FSRT with continued medical management (45.5%). No patient experienced new hypopituitarism, cranial nerve dysfunctions, or visual deficits. Our systematic review found published rates of biochemical control and hypopituitarism vary, with uniformly good radiographic control and low incidence of visual changes. Conclusions Adjuvant FSRT offered effective long-term biochemical control and radiographic control, and there was a lower rate of complications in this current series. Review of the literature shows variations in published rates of biochemical control after FSRT for acromegaly, but low incidence of serious toxicities.
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Farahani, Ramin M., Mary R. Simonian, Luke Hunter, Neil Hunter, and Derek W. S. Harty. "Streptococcus gordonii FSS2 Challisin affects fibrin clot formation by digestion of the αC region and cleavage of the N-terminal region of the Bβ chains of fibrinogen." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 108, no. 08 (2012): 236–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th12-01-0032.
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SummaryBacteria within endocarditis vegetations are encased in fibrin matrix that is resistant to resolution. We have previously shown that FSS2 Challisin, a serine protease from Streptococcus gordonii, is able to hydrolyse the Aα and Bβ chains of fibrinogen and has potent angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity. The alteration in the structure of fibrin formed from FSS2 Challisin-degraded fibrinogen may therefore contribute to the resistant fibrin matrix. To this end, we have investigated the specific interactions of FSS2 Challisin with fibrinogen. FSS2 Challisin extensively degrades the αC region of fibrinogen Aα chains, hydrolysing both the αC-domain and αC-connnector. Additionally, the N-terminal region of the Bβ chains is cleaved twice, at Leu19 and Ser28, removing the B fibrinopeptides and ‘B’ knobs. Substrate analysis indicates FSS2 Challisin has specific requirement for proline two residues before the cleavage point and a neutral or basic un-branched amino acid preceding the cleavage point. Fibrin formation by thrombin was modified and the initiation of fibrinolysis extended, in FSS2 Challisin-treated plasma clots. Digestion of fibrinogen by FSS2 Challisin prior to thrombin action increased fiber density and fiber branch point density. The velocity of fibrinolysis was significantly slower for fibrin formed from FSS2 Challisin-treated fibrinogen but was faster when data was normalised for the increased fibrin density. Thromboelastography of whole blood treated with FSS2 Challisin indicated reduced clot coagulation time and increased shear resistance. Combined ACE and fibrinogenase activities of FSS2 Challisin suggest a pro-coagulant effect of this virulence factor which is conserved in the viridans streptococci.
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Zhuang, Dan, and Youbo Liu. "A Fast Screen and Shape Recognition Algorithm for Multiple Change-Point Detection." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (October 11, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8371085.
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A Fast Screen and Shape Recognition (FSSR) algorithm is proposed with complexity down to O(n) for the multiple change-point detection problems. The proposed FSSR algorithm includes two steps. First, by dividing the data into several subsegments, FSSR algorithm can quickly lock some small subsegments that are likely to contain change-points. Second, through a point by point search in each selected subsegment, FSSR algorithm determines the precise location of the change-point. The simulation study shows that FSSR has obvious speed and stability advantages. Particularly, the sparser the change-points is, the better result will be achieved from FRRS. Finally, we apply FSSR to two real applications to demonstrate its feasibility and robustness. One is the problem of DNA copy number variations identifying; another is the problem of operation scenarios reduction for renewable integrated electrical distribution network.
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Liu, Xuezhi. "Comparison on the Developmental Trends Between Chinese Students Studying Abroad and Foreign Students Studying in China." Journal of International Students 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v4i1.495.
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China has been undergoing a new period of political stability, cultural prosperity, and social harmony since its reform and opening-up in the late 1970s. At the same time, the number of Chinese students studying abroad (CSSA) and foreign students studying in China (FSSC) has grown rapidly and steadily in the past three decades. With China’s participation in globalization, CSSA and FSSC are a significant part of China’s potential international human capital and, as such, CSSA and FSSC are in great need. Data of CSSA and FSSC in the past 34 years are collected and examined in this article, and the historical trends are depicted and compared. Relationships between the developments of CSSA and FSSC and the development of China’s economy can be validated and compared by regression analysis. The number of CSSA and FSSC in the next 10 years can be predicted by predicting China’s GDP in the same period.
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Xiao, Guo Yong, Ying Wang, Hai Jun Chi, Yun Hua Lu, Ying Qian Xu, Jun Yi Hu, Zhi Zhi Hu, and Qiu Bai Sun. "Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Iridium(III) Complex with Cyclometalated Styrylbenzothiazole Ligand." Advanced Materials Research 1033-1034 (October 2014): 342–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1033-1034.342.
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New red phosphorescent material, (E)-2-(4-fluorostyryl) benzo [d] thiazole (4-FSBT) iridium (III) dibenzoylmethane (DBM) complex [(4-FSBT)2Ir (DBM)] is synthesized from 2-methyl benzothiazole, 4-fluorobenzaldehyde, iridium trichloride anhydrate and DBM. The complex is characterized by MS and 1H-NMR. (4-FSBT)2Ir (DBM) gives a photoluminescence at 625.8nm, phosphorescent quantum yield: Φ(4-FSBT)2Ir (DBM) = 0.2 and EHOMO = -4.7 eV, ELUMO = -2.5eV, respectively. The complex may be a promising electrophosphorescent material.
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Barber, Sean M., Bin S. Teh, and David S. Baskin. "Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Pituitary Adenomas." Neurosurgery 79, no. 3 (December 9, 2015): 406–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000001155.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Early results of postoperative fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) for functional and nonfunctional pituitary adenomas appear promising, but the majority of available evidence draws from small series with insufficient follow-up data to draw meaningful conclusions. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term outcomes of a large series of patients undergoing FSRT for both functional and nonfunctional pituitary adenomas with the Novalis system (Brain LAB, Heimstetten, Germany). METHODS Chart data for 75 consecutive patients undergoing FSRT for a pituitary tumor (21 functional and 54 nonfunctional adenomas) at our institution between January 2004 and June 2013 were reviewed. RESULTS Radiographic progression-free survival was 100% over a mean of 47.8 months of radiographic follow-up (range, 12.0-131.2 months). Hormonal normalization was seen in 69.2% of patients with functional adenomas after FSRT, whereas 30.8% experienced partial hormonal control. Mild, grade I acute adverse effects were observed during radiotherapy treatment in 36 patients (48%), and objective, persistent worsening of vision occurred in a single patient (1.5%) after FSRT. New hormonal deficits were seen in 28.0% of patients after FSRT. Radiographic responses were inversely related to tumor volume. CONCLUSION FSRT delivers radiographic and functional outcomes similar to those seen with stereotactic radiosurgery and conventional radiotherapy with less resultant toxicity. FSRT is most beneficial for smaller tumors (those <3 cm in diameter).
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Bouissil, Soukaina, Zainab El Alaoui-Talibi, Guillaume Pierre, Philippe Michaud, Cherkaoui El Modafar, and Cedric Delattre. "Use of Alginate Extracted from Moroccan Brown Algae to Stimulate Natural Defense in Date Palm Roots." Molecules 25, no. 3 (February 7, 2020): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030720.
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Our study aimed to search for seaweed polysaccharides able to stimulate date palm defense mechanisms. Extraction, purification, characterization, and elicitor activity of sodium alginate (FSSA and BBSA) from Moroccan brown seaweeds Fucus spiralis and Bifurcaria bifurcata were investigated. FSSA and BBSA were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) and size exclusion chromatography (HPLC-SEC). The mannuronic acid/guluronic acid (M/G) ratio of FSSA was M/G = 0.92 indicating that FSSA contained 48% and 52% of mannuronic and guluronic acids respectively, and the M/G ratio of BBSA was 0.47 indicating that BBSA contained 32% and 68% of mannuronic and guluronic acids respectively. Elicitor activity of FSSA and BBSA was carried out by developing an innovative study model on the date palm. The elicitor capacities were evaluated by investigating phenolic metabolism including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and total polyphenol content in seedling roots of date palm maintained in alginates solution (FSSA and BBSA) at different concentrations. The results obtained show that the PAL activity and the phenolic compound content were significantly stimulated with 1 mg·mL−1 of FSSA and BBSA; after 1 day of treatment with FSSA, and after 12 h of treatment with BBSA. These results show clearly those alginates extracted from Moroccan brown algae induced in date palm roots the stimulation of natural defense mechanisms.
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Rantini, Dwi, Nur Iriawan, and Irhamah. "Fernandez–Steel Skew Normal Conditional Autoregressive (FSSN CAR) Model in Stan for Spatial Data." Symmetry 13, no. 4 (March 26, 2021): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13040545.
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In spatial data analysis, the prior conditional autoregressive (CAR) model is used to express the spatial dependence on random effects from adjacent regions. This paper provides a new proposed approach regarding the development of the existing normal CAR model into a more flexible, Fernandez–Steel skew normal (FSSN) CAR model. This approach is able to capture spatial random effects that have both symmetrical and asymmetrical patterns. The FSSN CAR model is built on the basis of the normal CAR with an additional skew parameter. The FSSN distribution is able to provide good estimates for symmetry with heavy- or light-tailed and skewed-right and skewed-left data. The effects of this approach are demonstrated by establishing the FSSN distribution and FSSN CAR model in spatial data using Stan language. On the basis of the plot of the estimation results and histogram of the model error, the FSSN CAR model was shown to behave better than both models without a spatial effect and with the normal CAR model. Moreover, the smallest widely applicable information criterion (WAIC) and leave-one-out (LOO) statistical values also validate the model, as FSSN CAR is shown to be the best model used.
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Wang, Jie, Hyunkyu Sang, Janette L. Jacobs, Kjersten A. Oudman, Linda E. Hanson, and Martin I. Chilvers. "Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome Causal Agent Fusarium brasiliense Present in Michigan." Plant Disease 103, no. 6 (June 2019): 1234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-18-1332-re.
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Sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by members of Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) clade 2, is a major and economically important disease in soybean worldwide. The primary causal agent of SDS isolated to date in North America has been F. virguliforme. In 2014 and 2016, SDS symptoms were found in two soybean fields located on the same farm in Michigan. Seventy Fusarium strains were isolated from roots of the SDS-symptomatic soybeans in two fields. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of elongation factor-1α, the nuclear ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer region, and the RNA polymerase II beta subunit revealed that the primary FSSC species isolated was F. brasiliense (58 and 36% in each field) and the remaining Fusarium strains were identified as F. cuneirostrum, F. phaseoli, an undescribed Fusarium sp. from FSSC clade 2, and strains in FSSC clade 5 and FSSC clade 11. Molecular identification was supported with morphological analysis and a pathogenicity assay. The soybean seedling pathogenicity assay indicated that F. brasiliense was capable of causing typical foliar SDS symptoms. Both root rot and foliar disease severity were variable by strain, just as they are in F. virguliforme. Both FSSC 5 and FSSC 11 strains were also capable of causing root rot, but SDS foliar symptoms were not detected. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. brasiliense causing SDS in soybean in the United States and the first report of F. cuneirostrum, F. phaseoli, an as-yet-unnamed Fusarium sp., and strains in FSSC clade 5 and FSSC clade 11 associated with or causing root rot of soybean in Michigan.
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A Cordeiro, Rossana de, Fernando VM Portela, Lívia MG Pereira, Ana RC de Andrade, José K. de Sousa, Ana LR Aguiar, Mariana LM Pergentino, et al. "Efflux pump inhibition controls growth and enhances antifungal susceptibility of Fusarium solani species complex." Future Microbiology 15, no. 1 (January 2020): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2019-0186.
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Aim: To evaluate the inhibition of efflux pumps by using promethazine (PMZ) as a strategy to control Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC). Materials & methods: The susceptibility of FSSC strains to PMZ and the interaction between PMZ and antifungals were evaluated. The efflux pump activity was confirmed by flow cytometry with rhodamine 6G. Finally, PMZ was tested against FSSC biofilms. Results: PMZ inhibited FSSC planktonic growth and showed synergism with antifungals. PMZ reduced R6G efflux and inhibited cell adhesion, impaired the development of biofilms and disrupted mature biofilms. PMZ-challenged biofilms showed increased sensitivity to amphotericin B. Conclusion: The study provides indirect evidence of the occurrence of efflux pumps in FSSC and opens a perspective for this target in the control of fusariosis.
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Duan, Yan Liang, and Yan Jun Zhao. "FSSS Technical Retrofit of 130T/H All Gas Fired Boiler." Advanced Materials Research 424-425 (January 2012): 1080–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.424-425.1080.
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Furnace safety supervisory system (FSSS) is the essential unit of a modern boiler monitoring system to ensure the safety of the boiler combustion system. The FSSS system of the 130t/h full gas-fired boiler has some security flaw. The FSSS system of the boiler system is transformed. The system's software capability is improved, the system hardware is upgraded and the system operability is significantly improved. A 72-hour test run is carried out. The experiment results show that the FSSS system meet the design requirement
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Roug, S., Å. K. Rasmussen, M. Juhler, M. Kosteljanetz, L. Poulsgaard, H. Heebøll, H. Roed, and U. Feldt-Rasmussen. "Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy in patients with acromegaly: an interim single-centre audit." European Journal of Endocrinology 162, no. 4 (April 2010): 685–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-09-1045.
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AimTo evaluate the effect of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) in acromegaly in a retrospective analysis.Patients and methodsThirty-four patients (17 females, median 43 years (range 30–74)) with acromegaly were treated with FSRT (conformal dynamic arcing, dose 54 Gy, 27–30 fractions) between January 1998 and April 2007. Of the 34 patients, 32 had undergone transsphenoidal adenotomy, and 28 were on medical therapy before FSRT. Patients on medical therapy continued this during and after the irradiation. The treatment was gradually decreased/withdrawn after careful assessment.ResultsMagnetic resonance scanning of the pituitary gland 34 months (median, range 11–95) after irradiation showed stable or reduced volume of the remaining tumour tissue in 31 of 34 patients (91%). Seventeen patients (50%) were biochemically controlled (normalised nadir GH during oral glucose tolerance test and IGF1 <+2s.d.) 30 months after FSRT (median, range 6–60), and ten of them had true biochemical remission (off medical therapy) 30 months after FSRT (median, range 12–69). Of 28 patients with one or more functioning pituitary axes before irradiation, 8 (29%) developed further deficit of one or two pituitary axes 48 months (median, range 6–102) after FSRT. Of 34 patients, 20 still required medical treatment for acromegaly at the end of this study, mainly those with a short follow-up period after irradiation.ConclusionThe FSRT seems promising in terms of treatment of acromegaly. Longer follow-up is, however, needed to assess the overall efficacy and safety of FSRT for acromegaly.
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Chernyavskaya, N. "On a problem of Hartman and Wintner." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics 128, no. 5 (1998): 1007–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308210500030031.
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The Hartman–Wintner problem on asymptotic equivalence of fundamental systems of solutions (FSSs) for two Sturm–Liouville equations is studied. The following results are obtained: a criterion of asymptotic equivalence of FSSs, and sufficient conditions of asymptotic equivalence of FSSs which are expressed in terms of the coefficients of the considered equations only.