Journal articles on the topic 'FSH'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: FSH.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'FSH.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Liu, Timon Cheng-Yi, Yan-Ying Liu, En-Xiu Wei, and Fang-Hui Li. "Photobiomodulation on Stress." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/628649.
Full textAbstract:
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a nondamaged modulation of laser irradiation or monochromatic light (LI) on a biosystem function. It depends on whether the function is in its function-specific homeostasis (FSH). An FSH is a negative-feedback response of a biosystem to maintain the function-specific conditions inside the biosystem so that the function is perfectly performed. A function in its FSH is called a normal function. A function far from its FSH is called a dysfunctional function. The process of a function from dysfunctional to normal is called a functional normalization. For a normal function in its FSH, there are FSH-essential subfunctions (FESs), FSH-nonessential subfunctions (FNSs), and an FES/FNS-specific homeostasis (FESH/FNSH). A FSH can resist internal/external disturbances under the threshold, but can be disrupted by an FSH-specific stress (FSS). A normal/dysfunctional FSS is called a successful/chronic stress. An FESH/FNSH-specific stress was called an extraordinary/ordinary stress. A low level LI (LLL) cannot directly affect a normal function, but can modulate a chronic stress. A normal function may have a chronic ordinary stress, and an LLL may modulate the chronic ordinary stress so that it promotes the normalization of the dysfunctional FNS and then upgrades the normal function. A high level LI can modulate a normal function and may be a successful stress.
2
Boakye, Thomas Afriyie, Huixia Li, Richard Osei, Solomon Boamah, Zhang Min, Chunhui Ni, Jin Wu, Mingming Shi, and Wanqiang Qiao. "Antagonistic Effect of Trichoderma longibrachiatum (TL6 and TL13) on Fusarium solani and Fusarium avenaceum Causing Root Rot on Snow Pea Plants." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 11 (October 29, 2022): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8111148.
Full textAbstract:
Snow pea root rot in China is caused by Fusarium solani (FSH) and Fusarium avenaceum (FAH), which affect snow pea production. The chemical control methods used against FSH and FAH are toxic to the environment and resistance may be developed in persistence applications. Therefore, an alternative approach is needed to control these pathogens. This study focuses on Trichoderma longibrachiatum strains (TL6 and TL13), mycoparasitic mechanisms of FSH and FAH, as well as growth-promoting potentials on snow pea seedlings under FSH and FAH stress at the physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. The average inhibitory rates of TL6 against FSH and FAH were 54.58% and 69.16%, respectively, on day 7. Similarly, TL13 average inhibitory rates against FSH and FAH were 59.06% and 71.27%, respectively, on day 7. The combined TL13 and TL6 with FSH and FAH reduced disease severity by 86.6, 81.6, 57.60, and 60.90%, respectively, in comparison to the controls. The snow pea plants inoculated with FSH and FAH without TL6 and TL13 increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents in the leaves by 64.8, 66.0, 64.4 and 65.9%, respectively, compared to the control. However, the combined FSH and FAH with TL6 and TL13 decreased the MDA and H2O2 content by 75.6, 76.8, 70.0, and 76.4%, respectively, in comparison to the controls. In addition, the combined TL6 + FSH and TL6 + FAH increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) by 60.5, 64.7, and 60.3%, respectively, and 60.0, 64.9, and 56.6%, respectively, compared to the controls. Again, compared to the controls, the combined TL13 + FSH and TL13 + FAH increased the activity of SOD, POD, and CAT by 69.7, 68.6, and 65.6%, respectively, and 70.10, 69.5, and 65.8%, respectively. Our results suggest that the pretreatment of snow pea seeds with TL6 and TL13 increases snow pea seedling growth, controls FSH and FAH root rot, increases antioxidant enzyme activity, and activates plant defense mechanisms. The TL13 strain had the greatest performance in terms of pathogen inhibition and snow pea growth promotion compared to the TL6 strain.
3
Caserta, D., R. Marci, and M. Moscarini. "Recombinant FSH versus urinary FSH." Reproductive BioMedicine Online 13 (January 2006): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1472-6483(11)60577-4.
Full text
4
Hollander-Cohen, Lian, Matan Golan, and Berta Levavi-Sivan. "Transcriptome of Distinct LH and FSH Cells Reveals Different Regulation Unique to Each Cell Type." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1136.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract From mammals to fish, gametogenesis and sexual maturation are driven by LH and FSH, the two gonadotropic hormones temporally secreted from the pituitary. Teleost fish are an excellent model for addressing the unique regulation and function of each gonadotropin hormone since, unlike mammals; they synthesize and secrete LH and FSH from distinct cells. By performing cell specific transcriptome analysis of double-labelled transgenic Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) expressing GFP and RFP in LH or FSH cells, respectively, we identified genes specifically enriched in each cell type. Though GnRH is considered the main neuropeptide regulating LH and FSH, we found that each LH and FSH cell express unique GPCR signature that reveals the direct regulation of additional metabolic and homeostatic hormones (like cholecystokinin, somatostatin and glutamate). Moreover, some of those GPCRs were conserved also in gonadotrophs of mammals (like PACAP receptor, Adropin receptor and GABBA receptor). Next, we had exploited the unique behavior of Nile tilapia where a behavioral hierarchy is created between males, to compare the gene expression in the pituitary and brain of dominant (reproducing) males to a subordinate (non-reproducing) males. By combining the two transcriptome sets we had identified novel players in the hypothalamic regulation of the HPG axis, and revealed how brain aromatase (cyp19a1b), that is enriched specifically in LH cells, is the key factor in regulating the activity of LH and FSH cells in dominant reproducing fish. Thereby, unraveling novel mechanisms in the differential regulation of LH and FSH. The research was funded by the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) no. 1540/17.
5
Otwinowska-Mindur, Agnieszka, Ewa Ptak, Wojciech Jagusiak, and Andrzej Zarnecki. "Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Female Fertility Traits in the Polish Holstein-Friesian Population." Animals 12, no. 12 (June 8, 2022): 1485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12121485.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for the analyzed fertility traits of Polish Holstein-Friesian primiparous and multiparous cows, as a step toward the incorporation of new traits into routine genetic evaluation. Lactation records of 116,836 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows were studied. The records cover the first three lactations of all cows. The cows, daughters of 2884 sires, were calved from 2006 to 2020. The conception rate for heifers (CRh) and for cows in the second (CR2) and third parity (CR3), the interval from first calving to first insemination (CTFI), the days open (DO), and the interval from first to successful insemination for heifers (FSh) and for cows in second (FS2) and third (FS3) parity were analyzed. The BLUPf90 package and a Bayesian method via Gibbs sampling were used to estimate (co)variance components. In general, all heritabilities were low and ranged from 0.013 (CTFI) to 0.038 (FS2). The heritability of conception rate and interval from first to successful insemination was slightly lower for heifers than for cows. Genetic correlations were moderate to high with two exceptions: correlation of CTFI with CRh (0.033) and with FSh (−0.051). The results indicate that a few analyzed traits could be used in genetic evaluation of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. It is suggested to complement the selection index with traits for both heifers and cows, such as the interval from first to successful insemination (i.e., FSh, FS2 and FS3), in order to enable effective improvement of female fertility scores in the Polish Holstein-Friesian population.
6
Ayala Guanga, Luis, Jorge Samaniego Campoverde, Daniel Argudo Garzón, Mariana Perea Brugal, Fernando Perea Ganchou, Ermes Rodas Carpio, and Pedro Nieto Escandón. "El intervalo de tiempo entre la estimulación ovárica con FSH/LH y la colecta afecta la cantidad, calidad y capacidad de desarrollo de los ovocitos recuperados de novillas criollas ecuatorianas." Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 31, no. 1 (March 29, 2020): e17571. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v31i1.17571.
Full textAbstract:
El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los efectos del tratamiento con gonadotropina y el intervalo entre la estimulación ovárica con FSH/LH y la sesión de aspiración folicular, sobre la cantidad y calidad de los complejos cúmulus ovocitos (COCs) obtenidos por ovum pick up (OPU) en vaquillas criollas ecuatorianas. Cuatro novillas fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a cuatro grupos (FHS/LH 40h; FSH/LH 48h; control 40h; control 48h). En dos grupos se aplicó una dosis (0.011 mg, IM) de GnRH el día 0, seguida de 500 UI, IM, de FSH/LH el día 2, y la sesión de OPU a los 40 (FSH/LH 40 h) o 48 horas (FSH/LH 48h) después de la aplicación de la gonadotropina. En los otros dos grupos, la FSH/LH se reemplazó por una solución fisiológica. No hubo diferencia estadística en la tasa de recuperación de los COCs entre FSH/LH 40h y FSH/LH 48h, pero se obtuvo aproximadamente el doble de COCs (p<0.05) que en aquellos que no recibieron estimulación ovárica. Se consiguió 2.4 veces más COCs de calidad A en el tratamiento de FSH/LH 48h que en el de FSH/LH 40h. El 100% de estas estructuras reaccionaron positivamente al Azul Brillante de Cresilo (BCB+), lo que significa que terminaron el crecimiento y fueron competentes para iniciar la maduración in vitro. Se concluye que el tratamiento con FSH/LH 48h permitió obtener un mayor número de COCs competentes para la maduración in vitro.
7
Li, MD, and JJ Ford. "A comprehensive evolutionary analysis based on nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the alpha- and beta-subunits of glycoprotein hormone gene family." Journal of Endocrinology 156, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 529–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1560529.
Full textAbstract:
On the basis of nucleotide sequences of the coding region and their predicted amino acid sequences, 58 glycoprotein hormone subunit genes were compared, aligned and used to construct phylogenetic trees for this family. The analysis included 17 alpha-subunits, eight TSH beta-, six FSH beta-, 17 LH beta/CG beta-, four fish gonadotropin (GTH)-I beta-, five fish GTH-II beta- and one additional fish GTH beta-subunit. The reliability of the phylogenetic trees was probed with the bootstrapping test. Our results indicated that: both the alpha- and beta-subunits of the family diverged from a common ancestral gene about 927 million years ago, the initial precursor of the beta-subunit duplicated to give rise to the LH beta and a second hormone, the latter then duplicating to FSH beta and TSH beta, so that FSH beta is related more to TSH beta than to LH beta; and bony fish GTH-I beta is highly related to mammalian FSH beta, whereas the bony fish GTH-II beta is more related to mammalian LH beta. For scientific consistency and convenience, we propose that the following nomenclature be adopted, all fish gonadotropins of type I be classified as FSH and all type II be classified as LH hormones. In addition, on the basis of results from this and other studies, we propose an evolutionary history for this glycoprotein hormone family. Reconstruction of the evolutionary history of this family would not only provide clues to understanding thyrotropin and gonadotropin functions, but would also allow further revision of the present nomenclature of the gonadotropins in fish.
8
Sambroni, Elisabeth, Antoine D. Rolland, Jean-Jacques Lareyre, and Florence Le Gac. "Fsh and Lh have common and distinct effects on gene expression in rainbow trout testis." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 50, no. 1 (October 8, 2012): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jme-12-0197.
Full textAbstract:
The general rules established from mammalian species for the regulation of spermatogenesis by gonadotropins may not be fully relevant in fish. Particularly, Fsh is as potent as Lh to stimulate steroidogenesis and the Fsh receptor is expressed in Leydig cells. In seasonal breeders, Fsh is likely the major gonadotropin involved in spermatogenesis onset and Lh is required to support spermatogenesis progression and gamete release. However, the genes that relay the action of Fsh and Lh have been poorly investigated in fish. The present study was aimed at identifying gonadotropin-dependent genes expressed in the testis during fish puberty. We cultured pubertal trout testicular explants for 96 h, with or without gonadotropin, and analyzed transcriptome variations using microarrays. Fsh and Lh had similar effects on a large group of genes while other genes were preferentially regulated by one or the other gonadotropin. We showed that most of the responsive genes were expressed in somatic cells and exhibited relevant patterns during the seasonal reproductive cycle. Some genes preferentially modulated by Lh could be involved in testicular cell fate (pvrl1andbty) or sperm maturation (ehmt2andracgap1) and will deserve further examination. Besides Fsh's effects on the steroidogenic pathway, our study demonstrates that Fsh coordinates relevant stimulatory and inhibitory paracrine factors known to regulate early germ cell proliferation and differentiation. Some of these genes belong to major regulatory pathways including the Igf pathway (igf1b/igf3andigfbp6), the Tgfb pathway (amh,inha,inhba, andfstl3), the Wnt pathway (wisp1), and pleiotrophin (mdka).
9
Schultze-Mosgau, A., K. Diedrich, and G. Griesinger. "Long-acting-FSH (FSH-CTP) in der Reproduktionsmedizin." Gynäkologische Endokrinologie 6, no. 4 (October 31, 2008): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10304-008-0269-2.
Full text
10
Zhang, Zhiwei, Bo Zhu, and Wei Ge. "Genetic Analysis of Zebrafish Gonadotropin (FSH and LH) Functions by TALEN-Mediated Gene Disruption." Molecular Endocrinology 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 76–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2014-1256.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Vertebrate reproduction is controlled by two gonadotropins (FSH and LH) from the pituitary. Despite numerous studies on FSH and LH in fish species, their functions in reproduction still remain poorly defined. This is partly due to the lack of powerful genetic approaches for functional studies in adult fish. This situation is now changing with the emergence of genome-editing technologies, especially Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nuclease (TALEN) and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR). In this study, we deleted the hormone-specific β-genes of both FSH and LH in the zebrafish using TALEN. This was followed by a phenotype analysis for key reproductive events, including gonadal differentiation, puberty onset, gametogenesis, final maturation, and fertility. FSH-deficient zebrafish (fshb−/−) were surprisingly fertile in both sexes; however, the development of both the ovary and testis was significantly delayed. In contrast, LH-deficient zebrafish (lhb−/−) showed normal gonadal growth, but the females failed to spawn and were therefore infertile. Using previtellogenic follicles as the marker, we observed a significant delay of puberty onset in the fshb mutant but not the lhb mutant females. Interestingly, FSH seemed to play a role in maintaining the female status because we repeatedly observed sexual reversal in the fshb mutant. Neither the fshb nor lhb mutation alone seemed to affect gonadal differentiation; however, the double mutation of the two genes led to all males, although the development of the testis was significantly delayed. In summary, our data confirmed some well-known functions of FSH and LH in fish while also providing evidence for novel functions, which would be difficult to reveal using traditional biochemical and physiological approaches.
11
Hodne, Kjetil, Romain Fontaine, Eirill Ager-Wick, and Finn-Arne Weltzien. "Gnrh1-Induced Responses Are Indirect in Female Medaka Fsh Cells, Generated Through Cellular Networks." Endocrinology 160, no. 12 (October 17, 2019): 3018–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2019-00595.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Reproductive function in vertebrates is stimulated by GnRH that controls the synthesis and release of the two pituitary gonadotropins, FSH and LH. FSH and LH, which regulate different stages of gonadal development, are produced by two different cell types in the fish pituitary. This is in contrast to the situation in mammals and birds, and it enables investigation of their differential regulation. In the present study, we used fluorescence in situ hybridization to show that Lh cells in adult female medaka express Gnrh receptors, whereas Fsh cells do not. This result was confirmed by patch-clamp recordings and by cytosolic Ca2+ measurements on dispersed pituitary cells, where Lh cells, but not Fsh cells, responded to Gnrh1 by biphasic alteration in action-potential frequencies and cytosolic Ca2+ levels. In contrast, both Fsh and Lh cells are able to respond to Gnrh1 in brain-pituitary tissue slices both electrically and by elevating the cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Using Ca2+ uncaging in combination with patch-clamp recordings and cytosolic Ca2+ measurements, we show that Fsh and Lh cells form homotypic and heterotypic networks in the pituitary. Taken together, these results show that the effects of Gnrh1 on Fsh release in adult female medaka are indirect and probably mediated via Lh cells.
12
García-López, Ángel, Jan Bogerd, Joke C. M. Granneman, Wytske van Dijk, John M. Trant, Geir Lasse Taranger, and Rüdiger W. Schulz. "Leydig Cells Express Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptors in African Catfish." Endocrinology 150, no. 1 (August 28, 2008): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-0447.
Full textAbstract:
This report aimed to establish, using African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, as model species, a basis for understanding a well-known, although not yet clarified, feature of male fish reproductive physiology: the strong steroidogenic activity of FSHs. Assays with gonadotropin receptor-expressing cell lines showed that FSH activated its cognate receptor (FSHR) with an at least 1000-fold lower EC50 than when challenging the LH receptor (LHR), whereas LH stimulated both receptors with similar EC50s. In androgen release bioassays, FSH elicited a significant response at lower concentrations than those required to cross-activate of the LHR, indicating that FSH stimulated steroid release via FSHR-dependent mechanisms. LHR/FSHR-mediated stimulation of androgen release was completely abolished by H-89, a specific protein kinase A inhibitor, pointing to the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway as the main route for both LH- and FSH-stimulated steroid release. Localization studies showed that intratubular Sertoli cells express FSHR mRNA, whereas, as reported for the first time in a vertebrate, catfish Leydig cells express both LHR and FSHR mRNA. Testicular FSHR and LHR mRNA expression increased gradually during pubertal development. FSHR, but not LHR, transcript levels continued to rise between completion of the first wave of spermatogenesis at about 7 months and full maturity at about 12 months of age, which was associated with a previously recorded approximately 3-fold increase in the steroid production capacity per unit testis weight. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that the steroidogenic potency of FSH can be explained by its direct trophic action on FSHR-expressing Leydig cells. In search of a mechanistic basis for the strong steroidogenic activity of fish FSH, we demonstrate FSH receptor expression by Leydig cells in catfish.
13
Bogerd, Jan, Joke C. M. Granneman, Rüdiger W. Schulz, and Henry F. Vischer. "Fish FSH receptors bind LH: How to make the human FSH receptor to be more fishy?" General and Comparative Endocrinology 142, no. 1-2 (May 2005): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.12.008.
Full text
14
Sulistiyani, Ambar Teguh, Dara Aisyah, Ibrahim Mamat, and M. Sontang. "Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pemanfaatan Limbah Tulang Ikan untuk Produk Hidroksiapatit (Hydroxyapatite/HA) Kajian di Pabrik Pengolahan Kerupuk Lekor Kuala Terengganu-Malaysia." Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (Indonesian Journal of Community Engagement) 2, no. 1 (December 15, 2016): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpkm.22086.
Full textAbstract:
Fish bone is a trash which has economic value that has not got much attention from both government and society. Although the researchers has examined much the beneft of the fsh bone in the laboratory, but it has not been socialized well. Terefore, social empowerment in transfer knowledge is necessary to be done, so the real beneft can be felt widely. Transfer knowledge about fsh bone waste manufacture to society becomes the study focus in UMT Terengganu. Te study was done in the factory of Lekor crackers by promoting participation. Te frst objective of the study is providing community care to the beneft of fsh bone as organic calcium which has high quality. Te second study of this research also seeks to provide learning to the society in manufacturing the fsh bone waste serve as hydroxyapatite. Te third objective is to provide transfer knowledge to society to make use of hydroxyapatite which comes from fsh bone waste to be consumed because it contains high nutrition namely calcium, phosphor and carbonate. Te fourth objective is for environment management so that it is free from pollution of fsh bone waste. Te approach used in this study is social engineering namely integrates between social and technology approaches of fsh bone waste manufacture which needs mechanic process. Social approach is needed to arouse community care of the beneft of participation in manufacture and the beneft of fsh bone waste in Lekor crackers area. Meanwhile, engineering approach is needed for the process of laboratory research towards fsh bone waste, and for the process of simplifcation fsh bone manufacture, so it can be adopted by society at large. Transfer knowledge about fsh bone waste manufacture to the society, it becomes study focus at UMT Terengganu. Te study was done in factory of Lekor crackers by promoting participation. Te frst objective is to providing community care of the beneft of fsh bone as organic calcium which has high quality. Te second objective of this study also seeks to provide learning to society in manufacturing fsh bone waste serve as hydroxyapatite. Te third objective is to give transfer knowledge to society about the necessary of hydroxyapatite which comes from fsh bone waste to be consumed because it contains nutrition namely calcium, phosphor and carbonate. Te fourth objective is to manage environment to be free from pollution caused by fsh bone waste. Te approach used in this study is social engineering approach that combines social with technology approaches of fsh bone manufacture which needs mechanic process. Social approach is needed to arouse the community providing care of the importance of participation in manufacturing and in making use of fsh bone waste in Lekor crackers area. While engineering approach is needed to the process of research in laboratory about fsh bone waste and also to simplify the manufacture of fsh bone to be adopted by society at large.
15
Kitano, Takeshi, Tomoaki Takenaka, Hisanori Takagi, Yasutoshi Yoshiura, Yukinori Kazeto, Toshiaki Hirai, Koki Mukai, and Ryo Nozu. "Roles of Gonadotropin Receptors in Sexual Development of Medaka." Cells 11, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11030387.
Full textAbstract:
The gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), are secreted from the pituitary and bind to the FSH receptor (FSHR) and LH receptor (LHR) to regulate gonadal development in vertebrates. Previously, using fshr-knockout (KO) medaka (Oryzias latipes), we demonstrated that FSH regulates ovarian development by elevating estrogen levels. However, the lhr-KO phenotype in medaka is poorly characterized. Here, we generated lhr-KO medaka using the transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) technique. We analyzed its phenotype and that of fshr-KO, lhr;fshr double-heterozygotes (double-hetero), and double-KO fish. All genetically male medaka displayed normal testes and were fertile, whereas fshr-KO and double-KO genetically female fish displayed small ovaries containing many early pre-vitellogenic oocytes and were infertile. Although lhr-KO genetically female fish had normal ovaries with full-grown oocytes, ovulation did not occur. Levels of 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, which is required for meiotic maturation of oocytes and sperm maturation in teleost fish, were significantly decreased in all KO female medaka ovaries except for double-heteros. Further, 17β-estradiol levels in fshr-KO and double-KO ovaries were significantly lower than those in double-heteros. These findings indicate that LH is necessary for oocyte maturation and FSH is necessary for follicle development, but that neither are essential for spermatogenesis in medaka.
16
Stilley, Julie A. W., and Deborah L. Segaloff. "FSH Actions and Pregnancy: Looking Beyond Ovarian FSH Receptors." Endocrinology 159, no. 12 (November 2, 2018): 4033–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2018-00497.
Full text
17
Ohga, Hirofumi, Kosuke Ito, Kohei Kakino, Hiroaki Mon, Takahiro Kusakabe, Jae Man Lee, and Michiya Matsuyama. "Leptin Is an Important Endocrine Player That Directly Activates Gonadotropic Cells in Teleost Fish, Chub Mackerel." Cells 10, no. 12 (December 11, 2021): 3505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10123505.
Full textAbstract:
Leptin, secreted by adipocytes, directly influences the onset of puberty in mammals. Our previous study showed that leptin stimulation could promote the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from pituitary cells in primary culture and ovarian development in chub mackerel. This study aimed to elucidate the detailed mechanism of leptin-induced effects on gonadotropin hormone-producing cells. We produced recombinant leptin using silkworm pupae and investigated the effects of leptin on FSH and LH secretion and gene expression in the primary culture of pituitary cells from chub mackerel. The presence or absence of co-expression of lepr mRNA, FSH and LH b-subunit mRNA in gonadotropic cells was examined by double-labeled in situ hybridization. The addition of leptin significantly increased the secretion and gene expression of FSH and LH from male and female pituitary cells in primary culture. In contrast, gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 affected neither FSH secretion in cells from females nor fshb and lhb expression in cells from males and females. The expression of lepr was observed in FSH- and LH-producing cells of both males and females. The results indicate that leptin directly regulates gonadotropin synthesis and secretion and plays an important role in the induction of puberty in teleost fish.
18
Hollander-Cohen, Lian, Matan Golan, and Berta Levavi-Sivan. "Differential Regulation of Gonadotropins as Revealed by Transcriptomes of Distinct LH and FSH Cells of Fish Pituitary." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 12 (June 17, 2021): 6478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126478.
Full textAbstract:
From mammals to fish, reproduction is driven by luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) temporally secreted from the pituitary gland. Teleost fish are an excellent model for addressing the unique regulation and function of each gonadotropin cell since, unlike mammals, they synthesize and secrete LH and FSH from distinct cells. Only very distant vertebrate classes (such as fish and birds) demonstrate the mono-hormonal strategy, suggesting a potential convergent evolution. Cell-specific transcriptome analysis of double-labeled transgenic tilapia expressing GFP and RFP in LH or FSH cells, respectively, yielded genes specifically enriched in each cell type, revealing differences in hormone regulation, receptor expression, cell signaling, and electrical properties. Each cell type expresses a unique GPCR signature that reveals the direct regulation of metabolic and homeostatic hormones. Comparing these novel transcriptomes to that of rat gonadotrophs revealed conserved genes that might specifically contribute to each gonadotropin activity in mammals, suggesting conserved mechanisms controlling the differential regulation of gonadotropins in vertebrates.
19
Zmora, Nilli, Yukinori Kazeto, R. Sampath Kumar, Rüdiger W. Schulz, and John M. Trant. "Production of recombinant channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) FSH and LH in S2 Drosophila cell line and an indication of their different actions." Journal of Endocrinology 194, no. 2 (August 2007): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-07-0171.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the lack of purified, native gonadotropins (GtH) for almost all species of fish, we designed a system for the production of recombinant bioactive luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) using the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) as a model animal. The strategy was to produce the three subunits composing FSH and LH, i.e. the common α-subunit (α-glycoprotein hormone (α-GP)), β-FSH, and β-LH subunit, individually in stable recombinant insect cells (S2) with C-terminal His-tag. This expression system was also used to co-express the α-subunit without the His-tag with each of the His-tagged β-subunits. The recombinant S2 cells were capable of secreting FSH and LH heterodimers and α-GP in abundance; however, expression of the individual β-subunits was much less successful. The recombinant GtHs were partially purified from the cell medium by immobilized metal affinity chromatography to ~15% purity with a yield of 7 and 4 mg per liter of medium for FSH and LH respectively. These recombinant GtHs activated their receptors in vitro, enhanced estrogen secretion, up-regulated several steroidogenic enzyme genes in channel catfish ovarian follicles, and increased androgen secretion from African catfish testis. Interestingly, the FSH and LH dose–response curves for each of these biological activities clearly demonstrate differences in their cellular action and physiological roles. This expression system may be an important development for the production of species-specific GtHs so that FSH- and LH-specific mechanisms of actions within the reproductive endocrine processes can finally be examined with homologous, albeit recombinant, hormones.
20
Mizrahi, Naama, Lian Hollander-Cohen, and Berta Levavi-Sivan. "Somatostatin, as a Bridge Between the GH-Axis and the Gth-Axis." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A553—A554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1128.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Somatostatin (SST) is a 14-amino acid peptide produced in the hypothalamus of vertebrates, including fish. It regulates many physiological processes such as growth development and metabolic processes in the animal’s body. Negative control of growth hormone in vivo and in vitro was characterized in several fish species such as salmon, goldfish, rainbow trout and tilapia. Although very important, the SST/SST-R system in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was not deeply characterized. The somatostatin system in tilapia possess two ligands (Somatostatin1b and Somatostatin 2), and five receptors (SST-R 1-5). Unlike mammals, in fish, FSH and LH are secreted from different cell populations in the pituitary. By performing cell specific transcriptome analysis of double-labelled transgenic tilapia expressing GFP and RFP in LH or FSH cells, respectively, we identified genes specifically enriched in each cell type. Analysis of the RNA-seq discovered 4 types of SST-Rs: sstr2, sstr3, sstr5 and sstr5x3. The specific localization of each SST-R was identified by In Situ hybridization with specific probes for each of the SST-Rs. SST-R2 and SST-R5x3 were expressed on LH and FSH cells, while SST-R5 was exclusively expressed on LH cells. Interestingly, SST-R3, which was expressed on GH secreting cells, was also expressed on both gonadotropin-secreting cells. Transactivation assays, using COS7 cell line transfected with tilapia SST-Rs together with the reporter plasmid CRE-luc, demonstrated an effect through the cAMP/PKA pathway. Signal transduction analysis demonstrated that SST agonist (Octreotide; IC50 = 0.8-60nM) decreased the cAMP/PKA pathway, while an opposite effect was found when SST antagonist (Cyclosomatostatin; EC50 = 0.1 - 188 nM) was used. To understand the physiological effects of somatostatin on gonadotropins and GH release, we examined the effect of ip injection (100 μg/kg BW) of somatostatin agonist and antagonist on plasma FSH, LH and GH levels. SST agonist decreased plasma GH and FSH levels, as fast as two hours post injection and their levels remained low until the end of the experiment. On the other hand, SST antagonist increased LH and FSH levels two hours post injection, but while FSH levels remained high during the entire experiment, LH levels went back to basal levels afterwards. Our results show - for the first time in fish - a direct effect of SST on gonadotropin release, that could serve as a bridge between the GH-axis and the GTH-axis. The research was funded by the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) no. 1540/17.
21
Fusi, F. M. "14 FSH alone?" Reproductive BioMedicine Online 22 (March 2011): S99—S100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1472-6483(11)60031-x.
Full text
22
Coussieu, C. "Hormone folliculostimulante (FSH)." EMC - Biologie médicale 2, no. 1 (January 2007): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2211-9698(07)71360-2.
Full text
23
Hazout, A. "FSH facteur limitant." Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction 34, no. 7 (November 2005): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0368-2315(05)82917-5.
Full text
24
Qin, Guyu, Zhenkui Qin, Cuiyu Lu, Zhi Ye, Ahmed Elaswad, Yulin Jin, Mohd Golam Quader Khan, Baofeng Su, and Rex A. Dunham. "Gene Editing of the Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Gene to Sterilize Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, Using a Modified Transcription Activator-like Effector Nuclease Technology with Electroporation." Biology 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12030392.
Full textAbstract:
Follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) plays an important role in sexual maturation in catfish. Knocking out the fsh gene in the fish zygote should suppress the reproduction of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). In this study, transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) plasmids targeting the fsh gene were electroporated into fertilized eggs with the standard double electroporation technique. Targeted fsh cleavage efficiency was 63.2% in P1fsh-knockout catfish. Ten of fifteen (66.7%) control pairs spawned, and their eggs had 32.3–74.3% average hatch rates in 2016 and 2017. Without hormone therapy, the spawning rates of P1 mutants ranged from 33.3 to 40.0%, with an average egg hatching rate of 0.75%. After confirmation of the low fertility of P1 mutants in 2016, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) hormone therapy improved the spawning rates by 80% for female mutants and 88.9% for male mutants, and the mean hatch rate was 35.0% for F1 embryos, similar to that of the controls (p > 0.05). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identification showed no potential TALEN plasmid integration into the P1 channel catfish genome. Neither the P1 nor the F1 mutant fish showed any noticeable changes in in body weight, survival rate, and hatching rate when the reproductive gene was knocked out. F1 families had a mean inheritance rate of 50.3%. The results brought us one step closer to allowing implementation of certain genetic techniques to aquaculture and fisheries management, while essentially eliminating the potential environment risk posed by transgenic, hybrid, and exotic fish as well as domestic fish.
25
Wunsch, A., B. Sonntag, and M. Simoni. "Polymorphism of the FSH receptor and ovarian response to FSH." Annales d'Endocrinologie 68, no. 2-3 (June 2007): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2007.04.006.
Full text
26
Al-Inany, H., and M. Afnan. "Models of cost-effectiveness of recombinant FSH versus urinary FSH." Human Reproduction 17, no. 6 (June 2002): 1671–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/17.6.1671-b.
Full text
27
Daya, Salim. "Models of cost-effectiveness of recombinant FSH versus urinary FSH." Human Reproduction 17, no. 6 (June 2002): 1673–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/17.6.1673.
Full text
28
Oktay, K., S. Lee, F. Moy, E. Heytens, and H. M. Fourcade. "Serum FSH monitoring in letrozole-FSH in vitro fertilization cycles." Fertility and Sterility 94, no. 4 (September 2010): S256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.07.992.
Full text
29
Jockenhövel, Friedrich, Shafiq A. Khan, and Eberhard Nieschlag. "Diagnostic value of bioactive FSH in male infertility." Acta Endocrinologica 121, no. 6 (December 1989): 802–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1210802.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Bioactive FSH and immunoreactive FSH were determined in 193 infertile men and in 23 men with proven fertility using the Sertoli cell aromatase bioassay for bioactive FSH measurement and a two-site fluoroimmunoassay for immunoreactive FSH measurement. Overall bioactive and immunoreactive FSH levels correlated well (r = 0.74, p < 0.001) but were significantly different from fertile men (bioactive FSH: 6.2 ± 0.3 U/l; immunoreactive FSH: 4.1 ± 0.4 U/l) in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome (24.1 ± 6.1; 26.9 ± 3.0), non-obstructive azoospermia (25.1 ± 4.3; 22.2 ± 4.0), maldescended testes (12.5 ± 4.6; 14.6 ± 1.6), and patients with severe oligozoospermia (11.9 ± 1.2; 11.2 ± 1.0). Infertile men with moderate oligozoospermia (8.9 ± 1.5; 8.0 ± 1.1) and normal sperm counts (9.6 ± 1.1; 7.6 ± 1.0) had insignificantly elevated bioactive FSH and immunoreactive FSH levels. Bioactive to immunoreactive FSH ratios were significantly reduced in all patient groups except for patients with normal sperm counts when compared with fertile men. A considerable number of patients exhibited elevated immunoreactive FSH concomitant with normal bioactive FSH levels. We conclude that 1. determination of immunoreactive FSH suffices for classification of patients; 2. bioactive to immunoreactive FSH ratios are reduced in infertile men; 3. some men might secrete immunoreactive FSH with reduced bioactivity.
30
Monet-Kuntz, Catherine, Florian Guillou, Isabelle Fontaine, and Yves Combarnous. "Equine follicle-stimulating hormone action in cultured Sertoli cells from rat, sheep and pig." Acta Endocrinologica 125, no. 1 (July 1991): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1250086.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Using a suspension of seminiferous tubule cells, we had previously shown that equine FSH is superactive in the male rat, i.e. that it exhibits a higher biological potency than expected from its binding activity. In this work we investigated equine FSH superactivity in rat, pig and sheep, by comparing in each species the equine FSH with the homologous FSH, both for their binding activities (in a radioreceptor assay using a testicular membrane fraction) and for their in vitro biological potencies (in a plasminogen activator assay using a Sertoli cell-enriched population cultured on plastic). In the rat, the binding activity of equine FSH was identical to that of rat FSH, and the biological potency of equine FSH was 47 times higher than that of rat FSH. Hence, superactivity of equine FSH was confirmed in the rat. In the pig, equine FSH was not superactive, since it exhibited binding activity and biological potency identical to those of porcine FSH. In the sheep, the binding activity of equine FSH was 6 times higher than that of ovine FSH, and its biological potency was also higher (14 times). Therefore, equine FSH cannot be considered superactive in this species. In conclusion, equine FSH superactivity is closely related to the species from which Sertoli cells are isolated.
31
Dias, F. C. F., D. Dadarwal, M. Honparkhe, G. P. Adams, R. J. Mapletoft, and J. Singh. "313 EFFECT OF DURATION OF THE GROWING PHASE OF OVULATORY FOLLICLES IN SUPERSTIMULATED HEIFERS ON OOCYTE COMPETENCE AFTER IN VITRO FERTILIZATION." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25, no. 1 (2013): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv25n1ab313.
Full textAbstract:
We tested the hypotheses that extending the duration of follicular growth by superstimulation increases oocyte competence, and that FSH starvation at the end of superstimulatory treatment decreases oocyte competence. Heifers were allocated randomly to short FSH duration (n = 8), FSH starvation (n = 8), or long FSH duration (n = 8) groups. Five to 8 days after ovulation, transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicle ablation was done to synchronize follicle wave emergence, and a progesterone-releasing device (CIDR; Pfizer Animal Health, New York, NY, USA) was placed intravaginally. Short FSH and FSH starvation groups were given 8 doses of FSH (Folltropin-V; Bioniche Animal Health Inc., Belleville, ON, Canada) IM, whereas the long FSH group was given 14 doses of FSH at 12-h intervals, starting from the day of wave emergence (Day 0). Prostaglandin F2α (PGF) was administered twice, 12 h apart, on Day 3 in the short FSH group and on Day 6 in the other 2 groups. In all heifers, the CIDR was removed at the time of the second PGF treatment; pLH (Lutropin-V; Bioniche Animal Health Inc.) was given IM 24 h after CIDR removal, and cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC) were collected 24 h after pLH treatment. The COC were matured in vitro (6 h) and fertilized (IVF), and the embryos were cultured for 10 days. At 12 h after pLH, the long FSH group had a greater number of ≥9 mm follicles than the FSH starvation and short FSH groups (25.4 ± 5.3 v. 11.0 ± 2.1 and 10.6 ± 2.3, respectively; P < 0.03). The long FSH group also had more expanded COC than the FSH starvation group (P < 0.001), but did not differ from the short FSH group (93, 54, and 74%, respectively). The FSH starvation group had a greater proportion (P < 0.0001) of partially expanded COC (32%) and poor quality oocytes (70%) than did the long (1 and 33%) and short (4 and 45%) FSH groups; oocyte quality did not differ between long and short FSH groups. At 48 h after IVF, the cleavage rate was lower in the FSH starvation group compared with the short and long FSH groups (35, 54, and 56%, respectively; P = 0.003). After 9 days in culture, embryo development (morula + blastocyst) in the FSH starvation group was lower than that in the long FSH group, (18 v. 37%; P = 0.04), but did not differ from that in the short FSH group (25%). After removal of the data of one heifer in the FSH starvation group that produced 52% of total embryos in that group (outlier), the Day 9 blastocyst rate was lower in the FSH starvation group than in the short and long FSH groups (2% v. 14 and 21%, respectively; P = 0.02). In conclusion, extending the standard superstimulation protocol by 3 days enhanced ovarian response to FSH treatment, but did not improve oocyte competence, whereas a period of FSH starvation after FSH treatment compromised oocyte quality and embryo development.
32
Nóbrega, Rafael Henrique, Roberto Daltro Vidal de Souza Morais, Diego Crespo, Paul P. de Waal, Luiz Renato de França, Rüdiger W. Schulz, and Jan Bogerd. "Fsh Stimulates Spermatogonial Proliferation and Differentiation in Zebrafish via Igf3." Endocrinology 156, no. 10 (July 24, 2015): 3804–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1157.
Full textAbstract:
Growth factors modulate germ line stem cell self-renewal and differentiation behavior. We investigate the effects of Igf3, a fish-specific member of the igf family. Fsh increased in a steroid-independent manner the number and mitotic index of single type A undifferentiated spermatogonia and of clones of type A differentiating spermatogonia in adult zebrafish testis. All 4 igf gene family members in zebrafish are expressed in the testis but in tissue culture only igf3 transcript levels increased in response to recombinant zebrafish Fsh. This occurred in a cAMP/protein kinase A-dependent manner, in line with the results of studies on the igf3 gene promoter. Igf3 protein was detected in Sertoli cells. Recombinant zebrafish Igf3 increased the mitotic index of type A undifferentiated and type A differentiating spermatogonia and up-regulated the expression of genes related to spermatogonial differentiation and entry into meiosis, but Igf3 did not modulate testicular androgen release. An Igf receptor inhibitor blocked these effects of Igf3. Importantly, the Igf receptor inhibitor also blocked Fsh-induced spermatogonial proliferation. We conclude that Fsh stimulated Sertoli cell production of Igf3, which promoted via Igf receptor signaling spermatogonial proliferation and differentiation and their entry into meiosis. Because previous work showed that Fsh also released spermatogonia from an inhibitory signal by down-regulating anti-Müllerian hormone and by stimulating androgen production, we can now present a model, in which Fsh orchestrates the activity of stimulatory (Igf3, androgens) and inhibitory (anti-Müllerian hormone) signals to promote spermatogenesis.
33
Rodin, D. A., S. D. Abbot, G. Saade, and R. N. Clayton. "Comparison of the pretranslational regulation of FSH synthesis by gonadal steroids in rats and mice." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 4, no. 2 (April 1990): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0040159.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT There are significant differences between rats and mice in the gonadal regulation of several aspects of gonadotroph function. To investigate whether these extend to the pretranslational regulation of FSH synthesis by gonadal steroids, we have measured FSH-β mRNA levels following gonadectomy and sex-steroid replacement and have related these to serum and pituitary FSH as a reflection of overall hormone synthesis. In ovariectomized rats, FSH-β mRNA levels increased by 8 h, decreased, and then rose progressively over the next 28 days. A similar pattern of response was observed in orchidectomized rats. In mice, there were progressive increases in FSH-β mRNA levels in both males and females following gonadectomy, without evidence of the early peaks observed in rats. In both species, the change in FSH-β mRNA levels after gonadectomy was greater in females than in males. These changes in FSH-β mRNA following gonadectomy were paralleled by changes in the serum FSH concentration. In ovariectomized female rats and mice, pituitary FSH stores increased by 8 h and 3 days respectively, whereas in male rats, pituitary FSH content did not rise until 10 days after orchidectomy. The most striking species difference was the marked and prolonged reduction of pituitary FSH after orchidectomy of mice. Treatment of rats and mice from the time of ovariectomy, with a dose of oestradiol that prevents increases in serum LH, only partially attenuated the rises in FSH-β mRNA and serum FSH and did not prevent the increase in pituitary FSH content. Treatment of intact or orchidectomized rats with testosterone suppressed FSH-β mRNA levels to 50% below intact control values without affecting pituitary FSH content. In mice, testosterone treatment for 10 days reduced the post-castration increase in FSH-β mRNA by only 26%, and prevented the fall in pituitary FSH content, although the increased serum concentration of FSH was unaffected. In conclusion: (1) there is a good correlation between FSH-β mRNA levels and overall FSH biosynthesis in male and female rats and female mice, but this relationship is less obvious in male mice where pituitary FSH stores are not increased; (2) the inability of oestradiol to prevent completely the post-ovariectomy increase in FSH-β mRNA and FSH synthesis in female rats and mice indicates either that other gonadal products are necessary or that higher doses of oestradiol are required than for complete suppression of LH synthesis; (3) whilst the post-gonadectomy increases in FSH-β mRNA are larger in the female of both species, there are no major differences between rats and mice in the regulation of FSH-β gene expression by sex steroids.
34
Mancinelli, Romina, Paolo Onori, Eugenio Gaudio, Sharon DeMorrow, Antonio Franchitto, Heather Francis, Shannon Glaser, et al. "Follicle-stimulating hormone increases cholangiocyte proliferation by an autocrine mechanism via cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Elk-1." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 297, no. 1 (July 2009): G11—G26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00025.2009.
Full textAbstract:
Sex hormones regulate cholangiocyte hyperplasia in bile duct-ligated (BDL) rats. We studied whether follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) regulates cholangiocyte proliferation. FSH receptor (FSHR) and FSH expression was evaluated in liver sections, purified cholangiocytes, and cholangiocyte cultures (NRICC). In vivo, normal female and male rats were treated with FSH or immediately after BDL with antide (a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist blocking FSH secretion) or a neutralizing FSH antibody for 1 wk. We evaluated 1) cholangiocyte proliferation in sections and cholangiocytes and 2) changes in secretin-stimulated cAMP (functional index of cholangiocyte growth) levels, and ERK1/2 and Elk-1 phosphorylation. NRICC were stimulated with FSH before evaluation of proliferation, cAMP/IP3 levels, and ERK1/2 and Elk-1 phosphorylation. To determine whether FSH regulates cholangiocyte proliferation by an autocrine mechanism, we evaluated the effects of 1) cholangiocyte supernatant (containing FSH) on NRICC proliferation and 2) FSH silencing in NRICC before measuring proliferation and ERK1/2 and Elk-1 phosphorylation. Cholangiocytes and NRICC express FSHR and FSH and secrete FSH. In vivo administration of FSH to normal rats increased, whereas administration of antide and anti-FSH antibody to BDL rats decreased 1) ductal mass and 2) secretin-stimulated cAMP levels, proliferation, and ERK1/2 and Elk-1 phosphorylation in cholangiocytes compared with controls. In NRICC, FSH increased cholangiocyte proliferation, cAMP levels, and ERK1/2 and Elk-1 phosphorylation. The supernatant of cholangiocytes increased NRICC proliferation, inhibited by preincubation with anti-FSH antibody. Silencing of FSH gene decreases cholangiocyte proliferation and ERK1/2 and Elk-1 phosphorylation. Modulation of cholangiocyte FSH expression may be important for the management of cholangiopathies.
35
Kraaij, R., M. Verhoef-Post, JA Grootegoed, and AP Themmen. "Alternative splicing of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor pre-mRNA: cloning and characterization of two alternatively spliced mRNA transcripts." Journal of Endocrinology 158, no. 1 (July 1, 1998): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1580127.
Full textAbstract:
Glycoprotein hormone receptors contain a large extracellular domain that is encoded by multiple exons, facilitating the possibility of expressing alternatively spliced transcripts. We have cloned two new splice variants of the rat follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor gene: FSH-R1 and FSH-R2. The splice variant FSH-R1 differs from the full-length FSH receptor mRNA by the inclusion of a small extra exon between exons 9 and 10. FSH-R2 lacks the first three base pairs of exon 4, contains an extra exon between exons 4 and 5, and has an extended 3'-untranslated region. According to the predicted open reading frames, both mRNAs encode truncated FSH receptor proteins, consisting of the entire extracellular domain (FSH-R1) or the amino-terminal half of the extracellular domain (FSH-R2), and are expressed at a low level in testes and ovaries. The levels of expression of the FSH-R1 and FSH-R2 mRNAs in the gonads show a constant ratio to the expression level of the full-length FSH receptor mRNA. Furthermore, in vitro co-expression of either one of the truncated proteins with the full-length FSH receptor in COS1 cells did not affect signal transduction through the full-length FSH receptor. The absence of a function of the truncated FSH receptors in FSH signal transduction in vitro, and the lack of differential regulation of the alternative transcripts, indicate that there is no clear function for alternative splicing of the FSH receptor pre-mRNA in the postnatal testis and the cycling adult ovary.
36
Kanzaki, M., M.-A. Hattori, R. Horiuchi, and I. Kojima. "Co-ordinate actions of FSH and insulin-like growth factor-I on LH receptor expression in rat granulosa cells." Journal of Endocrinology 141, no. 2 (May 1994): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1410301.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The actions of FSH and Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) were studied in cultured rat ovarian granulosa cells. Cells became differentiated and expressed LH receptors when they were incubated for 72 h with 200 μg FSH/l (high FSH) but not 20 μg FSH/l (low FSH). Treatment with high but not low FSH increased the release of both immunoreactive and bioactive IGF-I into the medium. A combination of low FSH and IGF-I reproduced the effect of high FSH on LH receptor expression. We then examined the critical time when low FSH and IGF-I exerted their effects. In the presence of continuous low FSH, IGF-I was capable of inducing LH receptor expression even when added 24 h after the addition of low FSH. However, when IGF-I was added at 36 h, LH receptor expression measured at 72 h was greatly reduced. In contrast to the action of IGF-I, continuous exposure to low FSH was required for LH receptor expression, and IGF-I had no effect when FSH was not included for the entire 72 h of culture. DNA synthesis as assessed by both [3H]thymidine incorporation and nuclear bromodeoxyuridine labelling was moderate at the beginning of culture and markedly reduced at 24 h both in the presence and absence of either high FSH or low FSH plus IGF-I. In the presence of either high FSH or a combination of low FSH plus IGF-I, DNA synthesis remained decreased for up to 72 h whereas it began to increase in the absence of either high FSH or a combination of low FSH plus IGF-I. A similar increase in DNA synthesis was observed after 48 h when granulosa cells were treated with low FSH alone, which did not induce LH receptor expression. These results indicate that 1) growth and differentiation of granulosa cells are regulated inversely; 2) FSH and IGF-I act together to induce LH receptor expression; and 3) action of IGF-I is dependent on the presence of FSH. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 141, 301–308
37
Pereira, N. E. S., L. P. Martins, R. M. Moura, L. R. O. Dias, M. A. S. Peixer, and J. H. M. Viana. "83 Response to follicle-stimulating hormone superstimulation in heifers with ovarian activity suppressed by active immunization against gonadotrophin-releasing hormone." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 2 (2021): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv33n2ab83.
Full textAbstract:
In the present study, we evaluated the ovarian response to exogenous FSH stimulation in the absence of endogenous LH, using as experimental model heifers immunized against GnRH. Pubertal, cycling Nelore (Bos indicus) heifers were allocated into three experimental groups: (1) non-immunized, FSH stimulated (B−FSH+, n=5), (2) immunized, FSH stimulated (B+FSH+, n=5), and (3) immunized, nonstimulated (B+FSH−, n=5). Active immunization was obtained by 3 subcutaneous injections of 1.0mL anti-gonadotrophin-releasing hormone vaccine (Bopriva, Zoetis), given at 20-day intervals. Effective immunization was characterised by the absence of growing follicles >4mm or corpora lutea (CL) on the ovaries. Follicular wave emergence was synchronized in groups B+FSH+ and B+FSH− by follicle ablation, and in group B−FSH+ by using of a protocol consisting of an injection of 2mg of oestradiol benzoate and 0.5mg of sodium cloprostenol, and insertion of an intravaginal progesterone (P4) device (1g). Four days later (Day 0), groups B−FSH+ and B+FSH+ received 100mg of NIH-FSH-P1 (Folltropin-V, Vetoquinol), injected twice-a-day in 8 decreasing doses, and group B+FSH− received saline. Transvaginal ultrasonography (7.5MHz) was performed daily from Days 0 to 4 and the number and size of follicles were recorded. P4 devices of group B-FSH+ were removed at Day 3. All heifers underwent ovum pickup (OPU) at Day 4, and the cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC) recovered were graded for quality. Viable COC were used for invitro embryo production. The heifers were re-evaluated at Day 11 (7 days after OPU). The GLIMMIX procedure from SAS (SAS Institute Inc.) with repeated-measure statement was used to analyse the effects of group, day, and interactions; and the Chi-squared method was used to analyse binomial data. The results are shown as mean±s.e.m. A progressive increase in average follicle size was observed in groups B−FSH+ and B+FSH+ (P<0.0001), whereas no follicle growth was observed in group B+FSH− (P>0.05). Follicle growth rate was similar between groups B−FSH+ and B+FSH+, and both were greater than group B+FSH− (1.2±0.2 and 1.1±0.1 vs. 0.0±0.1 mm/d; P<0.0001). However, the smaller follicle size in group B+FSH+ at Day 0 resulted in smaller follicle size at Day 4, compared with group B−FSH+ (2.4±0.1 vs. 3.6±0.2 and 6.9±0.7 vs. 8.2±0.6mm, respectively; P<0.05). There was no (P>0.05) difference in the number of COC recovered among groups. The group B+FSH+ yielded fewer (P<0.01) COC of grades I and II and more (P<0.01) degenerated oocytes than groups B−FSH+ and B+FSH− (41.2% vs. 80.0% and 68.0%, and 34.0% vs. 19.8 and 7.0%, respectively). Nevertheless, blastocyst rates were similar (P>0.05) for B−FSH+, B+FSH+, and B+FSH− (57.1%, 45.9% and 44.2%, respectively). Residual follicles or luteal tissue were observed after OPU only in group B−FSH+, resulting in a significant difference in the size of ovaries between Days 0 and 11, compared with that of groups B+FSH+ and B+FSH− (3.7±1.4 vs. 0.2±0.2 and −0.2±0.2cm2, respectively; P<0.05). In summary, exogenous FSH supported follicle growth but did not improve oocyte quality in heifers immunized against GnRH. This research was funded by CAPES.
38
Pereira, N. E. S., L. P. Martins, R. M. Moura, L. R. O. Dias, M. A. S. Peixer, and J. H. M. Viana. "83 Response to follicle-stimulating hormone superstimulation in heifers with ovarian activity suppressed by active immunization against gonadotrophin-releasing hormone." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 2 (2021): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv33n2ab83.
Full textAbstract:
In the present study, we evaluated the ovarian response to exogenous FSH stimulation in the absence of endogenous LH, using as experimental model heifers immunized against GnRH. Pubertal, cycling Nelore (Bos indicus) heifers were allocated into three experimental groups: (1) non-immunized, FSH stimulated (B−FSH+, n=5), (2) immunized, FSH stimulated (B+FSH+, n=5), and (3) immunized, nonstimulated (B+FSH−, n=5). Active immunization was obtained by 3 subcutaneous injections of 1.0mL anti-gonadotrophin-releasing hormone vaccine (Bopriva, Zoetis), given at 20-day intervals. Effective immunization was characterised by the absence of growing follicles >4mm or corpora lutea (CL) on the ovaries. Follicular wave emergence was synchronized in groups B+FSH+ and B+FSH− by follicle ablation, and in group B−FSH+ by using of a protocol consisting of an injection of 2mg of oestradiol benzoate and 0.5mg of sodium cloprostenol, and insertion of an intravaginal progesterone (P4) device (1g). Four days later (Day 0), groups B−FSH+ and B+FSH+ received 100mg of NIH-FSH-P1 (Folltropin-V, Vetoquinol), injected twice-a-day in 8 decreasing doses, and group B+FSH− received saline. Transvaginal ultrasonography (7.5MHz) was performed daily from Days 0 to 4 and the number and size of follicles were recorded. P4 devices of group B-FSH+ were removed at Day 3. All heifers underwent ovum pickup (OPU) at Day 4, and the cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC) recovered were graded for quality. Viable COC were used for invitro embryo production. The heifers were re-evaluated at Day 11 (7 days after OPU). The GLIMMIX procedure from SAS (SAS Institute Inc.) with repeated-measure statement was used to analyse the effects of group, day, and interactions; and the Chi-squared method was used to analyse binomial data. The results are shown as mean±s.e.m. A progressive increase in average follicle size was observed in groups B−FSH+ and B+FSH+ (P<0.0001), whereas no follicle growth was observed in group B+FSH− (P>0.05). Follicle growth rate was similar between groups B−FSH+ and B+FSH+, and both were greater than group B+FSH− (1.2±0.2 and 1.1±0.1 vs. 0.0±0.1 mm/d; P<0.0001). However, the smaller follicle size in group B+FSH+ at Day 0 resulted in smaller follicle size at Day 4, compared with group B−FSH+ (2.4±0.1 vs. 3.6±0.2 and 6.9±0.7 vs. 8.2±0.6mm, respectively; P<0.05). There was no (P>0.05) difference in the number of COC recovered among groups. The group B+FSH+ yielded fewer (P<0.01) COC of grades I and II and more (P<0.01) degenerated oocytes than groups B−FSH+ and B+FSH− (41.2% vs. 80.0% and 68.0%, and 34.0% vs. 19.8 and 7.0%, respectively). Nevertheless, blastocyst rates were similar (P>0.05) for B−FSH+, B+FSH+, and B+FSH− (57.1%, 45.9% and 44.2%, respectively). Residual follicles or luteal tissue were observed after OPU only in group B−FSH+, resulting in a significant difference in the size of ovaries between Days 0 and 11, compared with that of groups B+FSH+ and B+FSH− (3.7±1.4 vs. 0.2±0.2 and −0.2±0.2cm2, respectively; P<0.05). In summary, exogenous FSH supported follicle growth but did not improve oocyte quality in heifers immunized against GnRH. This research was funded by CAPES.
39
Choi, Kyung-Chul, Sung Keun Kang, Chen-Jei Tai, Nelly Auersperg, and Peter C. K. Leung. "Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Activates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Preneoplastic and Neoplastic Ovarian Surface Epithelial Cells." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 87, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): 2245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.87.5.8506.
Full textAbstract:
To investigate the role of FSH in ovarian cancer development, the present study examined the expression of FSH receptor (FSH-R) and the effect of FSH on proliferation of normal, preneoplastic, and neoplastic ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) cells. Recently, immortalized OSE (IOSE) cell lines, including IOSE-29 (preneoplastic) and IOSE-29EC (neoplastic), were used. Our results indicated that FSH-R mRNA was expressed and that FSH exerted a growth stimulatory effect in normal, preneoplastic, and neoplastic OSE cells. To investigate the mechanism of the growth stimulatory effect, the activation of MAPKs by FSH was examined in preneoplastic and neoplastic OSE cells. Treatment with FSH resulted in MAPK activation of IOSE-29 and IOSE-29EC cells, whereas the stimulatory effect of FSH on cellular proliferation and MAPK activation was completely abolished in the presence of PD98059, a MAPK kinase inhibitor, suggesting that the growth stimulatory effect of FSH is mediated through MAPK activation in these OSE cells. In a time-dependent study, FSH significantly increased MAPK activity at 5–10 min in IOSE-29 cells. The activated MAPK declined to the control level after 20 min in these cells. Similarly, treatment with FSH significantly induced MAPK activation after 5 min and sustained it for 60 min in IOSE-29EC cells. In addition, treatment with FSH resulted in substantial phosphorylation of Elk-1, confirming that FSH action is mediated via activation of MAPK. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that FSH-R was expressed, and FSH induced growth stimulation in normal, preneoplastic, and neoplastic OSE cells. Furthermore, treatment with FSH stimulated activation of the MAPK cascade and phosphorylated Elk-1 in neoplastic OSE cells. These results suggest that the MAPK cascade may be involved in cellular functions such as growth stimulation in response to FSH in preneoplastic and neoplastic OSE cells.
40
Arai, Koji Y., Gen Watanabe, Katsuhiko Arai, Kohkichi Uehara, and Kazuyoshi Taya. "Contribution of endogenous inhibin to the decline of the secondary surge of follicle-stimulating hormone in the rat." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 13, no. 3 (2001): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd00066.
Full textAbstract:
The involvement of inhibin in the decline of the secondary surge of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was investigated in the rat. After ovariectomy or treatment with inhibin antiserum conducted at 2300 hours during pro-oestrus, plasma concentrations of FSH were maintained at high levels compared with control rats. However, plasma FSH started to decline at 0500 hours during oestrus in both the groups. The same treatments conducted during metoestrus markedly increased plasma FSH after 24 h (twofold compared with the treatments during pro-oestrus), suggesting that the treatments sufficiently depleted circulating inhibin. To examine whether the decline of plasma FSH occurred through a transcriptional mechanism or through a translational mechanism, FSH-β mRNA expression and the pituitary concentration of FSH were measured. Neither ovariectomy nor inhibin immunization conducted during the night of pro-oestrus, affected the pituitary concentration of FSH after 24 h, whereas a noticeable increase was observed after the treatments conducted during metoestrus. In both stages, both ovariectomy and inhibin immunization significantly increased FSH-β mRNA expression compared with control rats. In contrast with the pituitary concentration of FSH, the effect of inhibin immunization on FSH-β mRNA expression was not different between the stages. The present data demonstrate the involvement of inhibin in the decline of the secondary surge of FSH, and suggest that a factor or factors other than inhibin may also be responsible for the fall in FSH. Changes in the pituitary concentration of FSH and FSH-β mRNA expression suggest that post-transcriptional mechanisms may be involved in the suppression of FSH secretion during oestrus.
41
Sowers, MaryFran R., Huiyong Zheng, Daniel McConnell, Bin Nan, Sioban Harlow, and John F. Randolph. "Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Its Rate of Change in Defining Menopause Transition Stages." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 93, no. 10 (October 1, 2008): 3958–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2008-0482.
Full textAbstract:
Context/Objective: The objective of the study was to identify menopause transition stages using acceleration or deceleration patterns of FSH rates of change from the late reproductive years to postmenopause. Setting/Participants: Participants were the Michigan Bone Health and Metabolism Study cohort of 629 women, aged 24–44 yr (in 1992/3), with 5757 annual FSH data points over a 14-yr period. Design/Main Outcome Measures: The study was designed to relate acceleration/deceleration patterns in FSH rate of change to time to final menstrual period (FMP) and chronological age using nonparametric and piecewise regression modeling. Results: Four major FSH stages, based on rate of FSH change patterns, were identifiable in relation to the FMP. In FSH stage 1, the rate of FSH change increased modestly up to −7 yr prior to the FMP; in FSH stage 2 (−7 to −2 yr prior to FMP), there was a major acceleration in FSH rate of change. FSH stage 3 had an acute increase in FSH rate of change (−2 to +1 yr around the FMP), with average FSH level of 34 mIU/ml. The fourth, or plateau, FSH stage began at 1 yr after FMP when the average FSH level was 54 mIU/ml. During the yr 28–60, there were eight age-specific epochs defined by significant changes of FSH trajectory accelerations or decelerations and rate of change. Conclusions: Four menopause transition stages bounding the FMP and eight epochs in chronological aging from age 28 to 60 yr were defined by changes of FSH trajectory accelerations/decelerations and rates of change. This timing information, combined with knowledge of FSH levels and menstrual cycle characteristics, can help discern the likely status of women with respect to their reproductive viability and menopause transition stage.
42
Clarke, Iain, Lloyd Moore, and Johannes Veldhuis. "Intensive Direct Cavernous Sinus Sampling Identifies High-Frequency, Nearly Random Patterns of FSH Secretion in Ovariectomized Ewes: Combined Appraisal by RIA and Bioassay." Endocrinology 143, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo.143.1.8644.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Analyses of FSH secretion suggest pulsatile, nonpulsatile, or compositely pulsatile and nonpulsatile release modes. This may reflect the reduced signal-to-noise ratio inherent in FSH pulse estimation procedures and/or immunological-biological assay inconsistencies. To address these issues, we sampled cavernous sinus and jugular venous blood concomitantly from ovariectomized sheep at either 5-min or 1-min intervals. Samples from the former were assayed by RIA, and those from the latter by RIA and bioassay. Waveform-independent peak detection revealed FSH pulses occurring at high frequency. Pulsatile FSH secretion accounted for 28% of total secretion. Approximate entropy analysis showed that FSH secretion was nearly random. There was synchronous release of LH and FSH, but most FSH secretion was not associated with LH release; 13% of discrete FSH and LH pulses were concordant. We infer that FSH secretion exhibits pulsatile and basal/nonpulsatile features, with high-entropy features. Linear and nonlinear statistical measures revealed joint sample-by-sample synchrony of FSH and LH release, indicating pattern coordination despite sparse synchrony of pulses. We postulate that pattern synchrony of FSH and LH release is effected at the level of the gonadotrope. Concordant FSH and LH pulses probably result from pulsatile GnRH input, but other mechanisms could account for independent FSH pulses.
43
Noguchi, K., J. Arita, A. Nagamoto, M. Hosaka, and F. Kimura. "A quantitative analysis of testosterone action on FSH secretion from individual pituitary cells using the cell immunoblot assay." Journal of Endocrinology 148, no. 3 (March 1996): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1480427.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract We investigated the effects of testosterone on FSH secretion from male rat anterior pituitary cells in culture at the single cell level. Anterior pituitary cells cultured with or without 10 ng/ml testosterone for 72 h were mono-dispersed and subjected to cell immunoblot assays for FSH. Cell blots specific for FSH were quantified by means of a microscopic image analyzer. The number of FSH-secreting cells detected as immunoreactive cell blots on the transfer membrane represented 4·1% of total pituitary cells applied on the membrane. The amount of FSH secreted by single cells varied from <20 to >8 000 fg/cell/h. The number of FSH-secreting cells was not changed by the addition of 10 ng/ml testosterone into the culture medium. Testosterone administration increased the mean FSH secretion by 64% after 3 h incubation, resulting in a shift to the right in the frequency distribution of FSH secretion from single cells. The total amount of FSH, namely the sum of FSH secreted by each FSH-secreting cell, was increased by 92% by the addition of testosterone. However, mean amounts of FSH secretion by the top ten cells of the largest secretor subgroup (>5 pg/cell/3 h) were not different between control and testosterone-treated groups. The present study analyzed, for the first time, FSH secretion from rat anterior pituitary cells at the single cell level. The results suggest that stimulation by testosterone of FSH secretion in vitro is not due to an increase in the number of FSH-secreting cells but to an increase in FSH secretion from each cell. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 148, 427–433
44
Magalhães-Padilha, D., F. Gabriela, K. Haag, M. Gastal, K. Jones, J. R. Figueiredo, and E. Gastal. "129 EFFECT OF INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 1 AND FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE IN A DYNAMIC MEDIUM ON VIABILITY AND FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT OF CAPRINE EARLY PREANTRAL FOLLICLES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 24, no. 1 (2012): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv24n1ab129.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of a dynamic medium supplemented with insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), FSH, or both on the viability, activation and secondary follicle rates and on the follicle and oocyte diameters of caprine preantral follicles submitted to a long-term (16 days of culture) in vitro culture system. Fragments from goat ovaries (n = 16) obtained from slaughterhouse were cultured in α-MEM containing or not containing IGF-1 (50 ng mL–1), FSH (50 ng mL–1), or both as a dynamic medium that was added in the first (Day 0 to 8) and second (Day 8 to 16) halves of culture, resulting in 6 treatments: α-MEM alone, IGF-1/IGF-1, FSH/FSH, IGF-1/FSH, FSH/IGF-1 and IGF-1 + FSH/IGF-1 + FSH. Noncultured (fresh control) and cultured fragments were processed for morphological and viability analyses. Follicles within ovarian fragments were mechanically isolated and early-stage follicles were classified as normal or abnormal and primordial, primary, or secondary. The viability of isolated follicles was determined by trypan blue dye and follicles were classified as live or dead. For this experiment, 6240 preantral follicles were analysed. Data for statistical analyses were transformed and submitted to ANOVA using the GLM procedure of SAS, followed by the Duncan test for comparison of means. At Day 8 of culture, more (P < 0.05) follicles in the treatments containing IGF-1 alone or associated with FSH were normal and viable than in the treatments cultured with FSH or α-MEM alone. At Day 16 of culture, the highest (P < 0.05) percentage of viability was observed in the IGF-1/IGF-1 (68%), IGF-1/FSH (68%) and IGF-1 + FSH/IGF-1 + FSH (72%) treatments. However, more (P < 0.05) normal follicles were observed on Day 16 in the IGF-1 + FSH/IGF-1 + FSH treatment (76%) than in all other treatments, except for the IGF-1/FSH treatment (72%). The percentage of follicular activation (primordial to primary) increased (P < 0.05) in all treatments from Day 0 to 8 (mean, 5 to 49%, respectively). The rate of follicular activation increased (P < 0.05) from Day 8 to 16 in all groups, except for the FSH/FSH and IGF-1 + FSH/IGF-1 + FSH treatments. Nevertheless, at Day 16, the IGF-1 + FSH/IGF-1 + FSH treatment had the highest (P < 0.05) percentage of secondary follicles (28%) when compared with the other groups (range, 6 to 17%). Furthermore, the IGF-1 + FSH/IGF-1 + FSH treatment had the largest (P < 0.05) mean follicular and oocyte diameters after 16 days of culture. In summary, follicular morphology and viability were maintained, follicle activation was promoted and secondary follicle formation was stimulated with the association of IGF-1 and FSH. Therefore, our results demonstrate the importance of IGF-1 associated with FSH during the entire long-term culture period on early folliculogenesis in goats.
45
Dadarwal, D., M. Honparkhe, F. C. F. Dias, T. Alce, C. Lessard, and J. Singh. "Effect of superstimulation protocols on nuclear maturation and distribution of lipid droplets in bovine oocytes." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, no. 8 (2015): 1137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd13265.
Full textAbstract:
Our objective was to study the effect of superstimulation protocols on nuclear maturation of the oocyte and the distribution of lipid droplets in the ooplasm. Heifers (n = 4 each group) during the luteal phase were either treated with FSH for 4 days (Short FSH), FSH for 4 days followed by 84 h of gonadotropin free period (FSH Starvation) or for 7 days (Long FSH) starting from the day of wave emergence. In all groups, LH was given 24 h after induced luteolysis (penultimate day of FSH) and cumulus–oocyte complexes were collected 24 h later. Oocytes were stained for nuclear maturation (Lamin/chromatin) and lipid droplets (Nile red). The Long FSH group had a greater proportion of mature oocytes (metaphase II) compared with heifers in the Short FSH and FSH Starvation groups (59/100 vs 5/23 and 2/25, respectively; P < 0.01). On average across all groups, oocytes contained 22 pL of lipids (3.3% of ooplasm volume) distributed as 3000 droplets. Average volume of individual lipid droplets was higher in the FSH Starvation (11.5 ± 1.5 10–3 pL, P = 0.03) compared with the Short and Long FSH groups (7.2 ± 0.6 10–3 and 8.0 ± 0.8 10–3 pL, respectively). In conclusion, both FSH Starvation and Short FSH treatments yielded a lower proportion of mature oocytes compared with the Long FSH treatment. Furthermore, FSH starvation led to an accumulation of larger lipid droplets in the ooplasm, indicating atresia. Our results indicate that a longer superstimulation period in beef cattle yields higher numbers and better-quality oocytes.
46
Elliff, F. M., E. C. Guimarães, L. F. Féres, B. M. Bayeux, M. H. A. Colli, and P. S. Sampaio Baruselli. "132 Effect of treatment with follicle-stimulating hormone on in vitro embryo production of Gyr (Bos indicus) calves, pubertal heifers and adult cows." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31, no. 1 (2019): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv31n1ab132.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of FSH treatment on the in vitro embryo production of Gyr (Bos indicus) calves (3-10 months), pubertal heifers (16-21 months) and adult cows. Thirty females were used: 10 calves, 10 pubertal heifers (puberty was determined by the presence of a corpus luteum) and 10 cows. The animals were distributed as follows: calves: control (C-C, n=5) and with FSH (FSH-C, n=5); heifers: control (C-H, n=5) and with FSH (FSH-H, n=5); and adult animals: control (C-A; n=5) and with FSH (FSH-A; n=5). All animals received an intravaginal progesterone device (calves-Primer PR®, Agener União, Brazil; heifers and cows-Prociclar®, Ceva Saúde Animal, Brazil) and oestradiol benzoate (calves and heifers: 1mg, cows: 2 mg; Fertilcare Sincronização®, MSD Saúde Animal, Brazil) on Day 0. The control animals of each category received no additional treatment. The FSH-C received 80mg IM of FSH (Folltropin®, Vetoquinol, Mairipora, Brazil), performed in 4 injections twice a day in decreasing doses [25mg (Day 4, p.m.), 25mg (Day 5, a.m.), 15mg (Day 5, p.m.), and 15mg (Day 6, a.m.); coasting period: 24 h]. The FSH-H received 100mg IM of FSH, performed in 4 injections twice a day in decreasing doses [30mg (Day 4, p.m.), 30mg (Day 5, a.m.), 20mg (Day 5, p.m.), and 20mg (Day 6, a.m.); coasting period: 24 h]. The FSH-A received 140mg IM of FSH, performed in 4 injections twice a day in decreasing doses [40mg (Day 4, a.m.), 40mg (Day 4, p.m.), 30mg (Day 5, a.m.), and 30mg (Day 5, p.m.); coasting period: 48 h]. On Day 7 the intravaginal devices were removed and all animals were submitted to epidural anaesthesia (2% lidocaine) followed by ovum pickup guided by transvaginal ultrasound (guide EC9-5 Heifer, WTA, Sao Paulo, Brazil; ultrasound S8®, SonoScape, Shenzhen, China). The recovered oocytes were sent to a commercial laboratory for the in vitro embryo production. The obtained data were analysed by the GLIMIX procedure of SAS® (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA; means are presented as standard error of the mean. The oocyte recovery rate was lower (P=0.01) for calves and heifers treated with FSH (FSH-C: 42.8%; FSH-H: 55.2%) when compared with control calves and heifers (C-C: 65.1%; C-H: 81.1%); however, no difference was observed for cows (C-A: 63.7%; FSH-A: 63.1%). The number of viable oocytes differed according to the category (P=0.001); calves and cows had higher numbers of viable oocytes (calves: 11.6±0.7; cows: 11.7±0.9) when compared with heifers (23.4±0.6). The number of cleaved oocytes increased (P=0.03) when calves (FSH-C: 8.0; C-C: 5.8) and cows (FSH-A: 8.8, C-A: 6.0) were treated with FSH. Cleavage rate was higher (P=0.05) when animals of all categories were treated with FSH (calves=52.7%; heifers=68.0%; cows=67.9%), when compared with nontreated animals (45.8%; 60.1%; 51.8%, respectively). The number of blastocysts per ovum pickup increased (P=0.04) when calves (FSH-C: 3.2; C-C: 1.5) and cows (FSH-A: 5.8; C-A: 2.8) were treated with FSH. The number of vitrified embryos (percentage of blastocysts surviving vitrification) increased (P=0.02) when calves (FSH-C: 2.6; C-C: 1.0) and cows (FSH-A: 5.0; C-A: 2.4) were treated with FSH. These results show that treatment with FSH increases the efficacy of in vitro embryo production in Gyr calves and cows.
47
Bhattacharya, Indrashis, Sayon Basu, Kanchan Sarda, Mukkesh Gautam, Perumal Nagarajan, Bhola Shankar Pradhan, Hironmoy Sarkar, Yendrembam Sangeeta Devi, and Subeer S. Majumdar. "Low Levels of Gαs and Ric8b in Testicular Sertoli Cells May Underlie Restricted FSH Action During Infancy in Primates." Endocrinology 156, no. 3 (March 1, 2015): 1143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2014-1746.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract FSH acts via testicular Sertoli cells (Sc) bearing FSH receptor (FSH-R) for regulating male fertility. Despite an adult-like FSH milieu in infant boys and monkeys, spermatogenesis is not initiated until the onset of puberty. We used infant and pubertal monkey Sc to reveal the molecular basis underlying developmental differences of FSH-R signaling in them. Unlike pubertal Sc, increasing doses of FSH failed to augment cAMP production by infant Sc. The expression of Gαs subunit and Ric8b, which collectively activate adenylyl cyclase (AC) for augmenting cAMP production and gene transcription, were significantly low in infant Sc. However, forskolin, which acts directly on AC bypassing FSH-R, augmented cAMP production and gene transcription uniformly in both infant and pubertal Sc. FSH-induced Gαs mRNA expression was higher in pubertal Sc. However, Gαi-2 expression was down-regulated by FSH in pubertal Sc, unlike infant Sc. FSH failed, but forskolin or 8-Bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate treatment to infant Sc significantly augmented the expression of transferrin, androgen binding protein, inhibin-β-B, stem cell factor, and glial-derived neurotropic factor, which are usually up-regulated by FSH in pubertal Sc during spermatogenic onset. This suggested that lack of FSH mediated down-regulation of Gαi-2 expression and limited expression of Gαs subunit as well as Ric8b may underlie limited FSH responsiveness of Sc during infancy. This study also divulged that intracellular signaling events downstream of FSH-R are in place and can be activated exogenously in infant Sc. Additionally, this information may help in the proper diagnosis and treatment of infertile individuals having abnormal G protein-coupled FSH-R.
48
Panza, Salvatore, Francesca Giordano, Daniela De Rose, Maria Luisa Panno, Francesca De Amicis, Marta Santoro, Rocco Malivindi, Vittoria Rago, and Saveria Aquila. "FSH-R Human Early Male Genital Tract, Testicular Tumors and Sperm: Its Involvement in Testicular Disorders." Life 10, no. 12 (December 9, 2020): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10120336.
Full textAbstract:
The follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSH-R) expression was always considered human gonad-specific. The receptor has also been newly detected in extragonadal tissues. In this finding, we evaluated FSH-R expression in the human male early genital tract, in testicular tumors, and in sperm from healthy and varicocele patients. In sperm, we also studied the mechanism of FSH-R action. Immunohystochemistry and Western blot analysis showed FSH-R presence in the first pathways of the human genital tract, in embryonal carcinoma, and in sperm, but it was absent in seminoma and in lower varicocele. In sperm, FSH/FSH-R activity is mediated by G proteins activating the PKA pathway, as we observed by using the H89. It emerged that increasing FSH treatments induced motility, survival, capacitation, and acrosome reaction in both sperm samples. The different FSH-R expression in tumor testicular tissues may be discriminate by tumor histological type. In spermatozoa, FSH-R indicates a direct action of FSH in these cells, which could be beneficial during semen preparation for in vitro fertilization procedures. For instance, FSH positive effects could be relevant in idiopathic infertility and in the clinic surgery of varicocele. In conclusion, FSH-R expression may be considered a molecular marker of testicular disorders.
49
Sheng, Shuman, Wei Liu, Yafei Xue, Zhengwu Pan, Lanlan Zhao, Fei Wang, and Xiaoyi Qi. "Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Promotes the Development of Endometrial Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 20, 2022): 15344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215344.
Full textAbstract:
Endocrine disruptors as risk factors for endometrial cancer (EC) are positively correlated with serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. Additionally, increased FSH is associated with EC. However, its exact mechanism is not yet clear. Therefore, this study investigated how FSH affects the occurrence of EC. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and Western blot (WB), we found that FSH receptor (FSHR) was expressed in both EC tissues and cell lines. To explore the effect of FSH on EC in vitro, Ishikawa (ISK) cells were cultured in different doses of FSH, and it was found that FSH could promote the proliferation and migration of ISK cells. Furthermore, the detection of key molecules of migration and apoptosis by WB showed that FSH promoted cell migration and inhibited apoptosis. Additionally, FSH decreased AMPK activation. To clarify the effect of FSH on EC in vivo, we subcutaneously planted ISK cells into ovariectomized mice and then gave two of the groups oestradiol (E2). In comparison with the OE (ovariectomy plus E2) and sham groups, the growth rates and weights of the tumors in the OE plus FSH group were significantly higher. The findings above suggest that FSH promotes the proliferation and metastasis of EC, providing a new strategy for the treatment of EC.
50
Djunaedi, Mohammad, Ristika Handarini, and Deasy Zamanti. "EFEKTIVITAS PENYUNTIKAN FSH SECARA SUBKUTAN DAN INTRAMUSKULAR TERHADAP RESPON SUPEROVULASI SAPI SIMENTAL." Jurnal Peternakan Nusantara 4, no. 1 (January 9, 2019): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jpnu.v4i1.1512.
Full textAbstract:
Superovulation is a necessary technique to produce large number of embryos for embryo` transfer. Hormonal treatment is superovulation methode can be done by implant CIDR and injection of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH). Experiment were carried out to observe the effectiveness of subcutaneous and intramuscular FSH injections on superovulation response in simmental cattle. All animal (n=10) were treated with intravaginal CIDR implant before FSH injection. Studies were devided into two experiment ie: P1 (400 mg FSH diluted in 4 ml sterile diluent) injected in five simmental cattle by single subcutan injection and P2 (400 mg FSH diluted in 20 ml sterile diluent) injected in five simmental cattle by twice daily intramuscular injection over 4 day in decreasing doses. The number of corposa luteal (CL), total embryos collected, and total transferable embryos were observed in this experiment. Data were analyzed by T-test method. The result showed that effectiveness of single subcutan FSH injection were significanthy different (P < 0,05) than intramuscular FSH injection superovulation with single subcutan FSH injetcion is easier than twice daily intramuscular injection in decreasy dose. In conclusion the average of CL (21,4 ± 3,6) and number of tranferable embryo (71,96 %) of the single subcutan FSH injection tended to be better than intramuscular FSH injection. Single subcutan FSH injection more efficient than intramuscular FSH injection. Single subcutan injection can decreasing sterss level in the cattle and be easier in handling the cattle during the experiment.Keywords: Simmental cattle, FSH, superovulation, single subcutan injection, intramuscular injection.