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Academic literature on the topic 'FSH'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "FSH"

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Liu, Timon Cheng-Yi, Yan-Ying Liu, En-Xiu Wei, and Fang-Hui Li. "Photobiomodulation on Stress." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/628649.

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Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a nondamaged modulation of laser irradiation or monochromatic light (LI) on a biosystem function. It depends on whether the function is in its function-specific homeostasis (FSH). An FSH is a negative-feedback response of a biosystem to maintain the function-specific conditions inside the biosystem so that the function is perfectly performed. A function in its FSH is called a normal function. A function far from its FSH is called a dysfunctional function. The process of a function from dysfunctional to normal is called a functional normalization. For a normal function in its FSH, there are FSH-essential subfunctions (FESs), FSH-nonessential subfunctions (FNSs), and an FES/FNS-specific homeostasis (FESH/FNSH). A FSH can resist internal/external disturbances under the threshold, but can be disrupted by an FSH-specific stress (FSS). A normal/dysfunctional FSS is called a successful/chronic stress. An FESH/FNSH-specific stress was called an extraordinary/ordinary stress. A low level LI (LLL) cannot directly affect a normal function, but can modulate a chronic stress. A normal function may have a chronic ordinary stress, and an LLL may modulate the chronic ordinary stress so that it promotes the normalization of the dysfunctional FNS and then upgrades the normal function. A high level LI can modulate a normal function and may be a successful stress.
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Boakye, Thomas Afriyie, Huixia Li, Richard Osei, Solomon Boamah, Zhang Min, Chunhui Ni, Jin Wu, Mingming Shi, and Wanqiang Qiao. "Antagonistic Effect of Trichoderma longibrachiatum (TL6 and TL13) on Fusarium solani and Fusarium avenaceum Causing Root Rot on Snow Pea Plants." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 11 (October 29, 2022): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8111148.

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Snow pea root rot in China is caused by Fusarium solani (FSH) and Fusarium avenaceum (FAH), which affect snow pea production. The chemical control methods used against FSH and FAH are toxic to the environment and resistance may be developed in persistence applications. Therefore, an alternative approach is needed to control these pathogens. This study focuses on Trichoderma longibrachiatum strains (TL6 and TL13), mycoparasitic mechanisms of FSH and FAH, as well as growth-promoting potentials on snow pea seedlings under FSH and FAH stress at the physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. The average inhibitory rates of TL6 against FSH and FAH were 54.58% and 69.16%, respectively, on day 7. Similarly, TL13 average inhibitory rates against FSH and FAH were 59.06% and 71.27%, respectively, on day 7. The combined TL13 and TL6 with FSH and FAH reduced disease severity by 86.6, 81.6, 57.60, and 60.90%, respectively, in comparison to the controls. The snow pea plants inoculated with FSH and FAH without TL6 and TL13 increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents in the leaves by 64.8, 66.0, 64.4 and 65.9%, respectively, compared to the control. However, the combined FSH and FAH with TL6 and TL13 decreased the MDA and H2O2 content by 75.6, 76.8, 70.0, and 76.4%, respectively, in comparison to the controls. In addition, the combined TL6 + FSH and TL6 + FAH increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) by 60.5, 64.7, and 60.3%, respectively, and 60.0, 64.9, and 56.6%, respectively, compared to the controls. Again, compared to the controls, the combined TL13 + FSH and TL13 + FAH increased the activity of SOD, POD, and CAT by 69.7, 68.6, and 65.6%, respectively, and 70.10, 69.5, and 65.8%, respectively. Our results suggest that the pretreatment of snow pea seeds with TL6 and TL13 increases snow pea seedling growth, controls FSH and FAH root rot, increases antioxidant enzyme activity, and activates plant defense mechanisms. The TL13 strain had the greatest performance in terms of pathogen inhibition and snow pea growth promotion compared to the TL6 strain.
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Caserta, D., R. Marci, and M. Moscarini. "Recombinant FSH versus urinary FSH." Reproductive BioMedicine Online 13 (January 2006): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1472-6483(11)60577-4.

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Hollander-Cohen, Lian, Matan Golan, and Berta Levavi-Sivan. "Transcriptome of Distinct LH and FSH Cells Reveals Different Regulation Unique to Each Cell Type." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1136.

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Abstract From mammals to fish, gametogenesis and sexual maturation are driven by LH and FSH, the two gonadotropic hormones temporally secreted from the pituitary. Teleost fish are an excellent model for addressing the unique regulation and function of each gonadotropin hormone since, unlike mammals; they synthesize and secrete LH and FSH from distinct cells. By performing cell specific transcriptome analysis of double-labelled transgenic Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) expressing GFP and RFP in LH or FSH cells, respectively, we identified genes specifically enriched in each cell type. Though GnRH is considered the main neuropeptide regulating LH and FSH, we found that each LH and FSH cell express unique GPCR signature that reveals the direct regulation of additional metabolic and homeostatic hormones (like cholecystokinin, somatostatin and glutamate). Moreover, some of those GPCRs were conserved also in gonadotrophs of mammals (like PACAP receptor, Adropin receptor and GABBA receptor). Next, we had exploited the unique behavior of Nile tilapia where a behavioral hierarchy is created between males, to compare the gene expression in the pituitary and brain of dominant (reproducing) males to a subordinate (non-reproducing) males. By combining the two transcriptome sets we had identified novel players in the hypothalamic regulation of the HPG axis, and revealed how brain aromatase (cyp19a1b), that is enriched specifically in LH cells, is the key factor in regulating the activity of LH and FSH cells in dominant reproducing fish. Thereby, unraveling novel mechanisms in the differential regulation of LH and FSH. The research was funded by the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) no. 1540/17.
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Otwinowska-Mindur, Agnieszka, Ewa Ptak, Wojciech Jagusiak, and Andrzej Zarnecki. "Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Female Fertility Traits in the Polish Holstein-Friesian Population." Animals 12, no. 12 (June 8, 2022): 1485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12121485.

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The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for the analyzed fertility traits of Polish Holstein-Friesian primiparous and multiparous cows, as a step toward the incorporation of new traits into routine genetic evaluation. Lactation records of 116,836 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows were studied. The records cover the first three lactations of all cows. The cows, daughters of 2884 sires, were calved from 2006 to 2020. The conception rate for heifers (CRh) and for cows in the second (CR2) and third parity (CR3), the interval from first calving to first insemination (CTFI), the days open (DO), and the interval from first to successful insemination for heifers (FSh) and for cows in second (FS2) and third (FS3) parity were analyzed. The BLUPf90 package and a Bayesian method via Gibbs sampling were used to estimate (co)variance components. In general, all heritabilities were low and ranged from 0.013 (CTFI) to 0.038 (FS2). The heritability of conception rate and interval from first to successful insemination was slightly lower for heifers than for cows. Genetic correlations were moderate to high with two exceptions: correlation of CTFI with CRh (0.033) and with FSh (−0.051). The results indicate that a few analyzed traits could be used in genetic evaluation of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. It is suggested to complement the selection index with traits for both heifers and cows, such as the interval from first to successful insemination (i.e., FSh, FS2 and FS3), in order to enable effective improvement of female fertility scores in the Polish Holstein-Friesian population.
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Ayala Guanga, Luis, Jorge Samaniego Campoverde, Daniel Argudo Garzón, Mariana Perea Brugal, Fernando Perea Ganchou, Ermes Rodas Carpio, and Pedro Nieto Escandón. "El intervalo de tiempo entre la estimulación ovárica con FSH/LH y la colecta afecta la cantidad, calidad y capacidad de desarrollo de los ovocitos recuperados de novillas criollas ecuatorianas." Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 31, no. 1 (March 29, 2020): e17571. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v31i1.17571.

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El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los efectos del tratamiento con gonadotropina y el intervalo entre la estimulación ovárica con FSH/LH y la sesión de aspiración folicular, sobre la cantidad y calidad de los complejos cúmulus ovocitos (COCs) obtenidos por ovum pick up (OPU) en vaquillas criollas ecuatorianas. Cuatro novillas fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a cuatro grupos (FHS/LH 40h; FSH/LH 48h; control 40h; control 48h). En dos grupos se aplicó una dosis (0.011 mg, IM) de GnRH el día 0, seguida de 500 UI, IM, de FSH/LH el día 2, y la sesión de OPU a los 40 (FSH/LH 40 h) o 48 horas (FSH/LH 48h) después de la aplicación de la gonadotropina. En los otros dos grupos, la FSH/LH se reemplazó por una solución fisiológica. No hubo diferencia estadística en la tasa de recuperación de los COCs entre FSH/LH 40h y FSH/LH 48h, pero se obtuvo aproximadamente el doble de COCs (p<0.05) que en aquellos que no recibieron estimulación ovárica. Se consiguió 2.4 veces más COCs de calidad A en el tratamiento de FSH/LH 48h que en el de FSH/LH 40h. El 100% de estas estructuras reaccionaron positivamente al Azul Brillante de Cresilo (BCB+), lo que significa que terminaron el crecimiento y fueron competentes para iniciar la maduración in vitro. Se concluye que el tratamiento con FSH/LH 48h permitió obtener un mayor número de COCs competentes para la maduración in vitro.
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Li, MD, and JJ Ford. "A comprehensive evolutionary analysis based on nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the alpha- and beta-subunits of glycoprotein hormone gene family." Journal of Endocrinology 156, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 529–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1560529.

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On the basis of nucleotide sequences of the coding region and their predicted amino acid sequences, 58 glycoprotein hormone subunit genes were compared, aligned and used to construct phylogenetic trees for this family. The analysis included 17 alpha-subunits, eight TSH beta-, six FSH beta-, 17 LH beta/CG beta-, four fish gonadotropin (GTH)-I beta-, five fish GTH-II beta- and one additional fish GTH beta-subunit. The reliability of the phylogenetic trees was probed with the bootstrapping test. Our results indicated that: both the alpha- and beta-subunits of the family diverged from a common ancestral gene about 927 million years ago, the initial precursor of the beta-subunit duplicated to give rise to the LH beta and a second hormone, the latter then duplicating to FSH beta and TSH beta, so that FSH beta is related more to TSH beta than to LH beta; and bony fish GTH-I beta is highly related to mammalian FSH beta, whereas the bony fish GTH-II beta is more related to mammalian LH beta. For scientific consistency and convenience, we propose that the following nomenclature be adopted, all fish gonadotropins of type I be classified as FSH and all type II be classified as LH hormones. In addition, on the basis of results from this and other studies, we propose an evolutionary history for this glycoprotein hormone family. Reconstruction of the evolutionary history of this family would not only provide clues to understanding thyrotropin and gonadotropin functions, but would also allow further revision of the present nomenclature of the gonadotropins in fish.
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Sambroni, Elisabeth, Antoine D. Rolland, Jean-Jacques Lareyre, and Florence Le Gac. "Fsh and Lh have common and distinct effects on gene expression in rainbow trout testis." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 50, no. 1 (October 8, 2012): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jme-12-0197.

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The general rules established from mammalian species for the regulation of spermatogenesis by gonadotropins may not be fully relevant in fish. Particularly, Fsh is as potent as Lh to stimulate steroidogenesis and the Fsh receptor is expressed in Leydig cells. In seasonal breeders, Fsh is likely the major gonadotropin involved in spermatogenesis onset and Lh is required to support spermatogenesis progression and gamete release. However, the genes that relay the action of Fsh and Lh have been poorly investigated in fish. The present study was aimed at identifying gonadotropin-dependent genes expressed in the testis during fish puberty. We cultured pubertal trout testicular explants for 96 h, with or without gonadotropin, and analyzed transcriptome variations using microarrays. Fsh and Lh had similar effects on a large group of genes while other genes were preferentially regulated by one or the other gonadotropin. We showed that most of the responsive genes were expressed in somatic cells and exhibited relevant patterns during the seasonal reproductive cycle. Some genes preferentially modulated by Lh could be involved in testicular cell fate (pvrl1andbty) or sperm maturation (ehmt2andracgap1) and will deserve further examination. Besides Fsh's effects on the steroidogenic pathway, our study demonstrates that Fsh coordinates relevant stimulatory and inhibitory paracrine factors known to regulate early germ cell proliferation and differentiation. Some of these genes belong to major regulatory pathways including the Igf pathway (igf1b/igf3andigfbp6), the Tgfb pathway (amh,inha,inhba, andfstl3), the Wnt pathway (wisp1), and pleiotrophin (mdka).
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Schultze-Mosgau, A., K. Diedrich, and G. Griesinger. "Long-acting-FSH (FSH-CTP) in der Reproduktionsmedizin." Gynäkologische Endokrinologie 6, no. 4 (October 31, 2008): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10304-008-0269-2.

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Zhang, Zhiwei, Bo Zhu, and Wei Ge. "Genetic Analysis of Zebrafish Gonadotropin (FSH and LH) Functions by TALEN-Mediated Gene Disruption." Molecular Endocrinology 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 76–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2014-1256.

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Abstract Vertebrate reproduction is controlled by two gonadotropins (FSH and LH) from the pituitary. Despite numerous studies on FSH and LH in fish species, their functions in reproduction still remain poorly defined. This is partly due to the lack of powerful genetic approaches for functional studies in adult fish. This situation is now changing with the emergence of genome-editing technologies, especially Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nuclease (TALEN) and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR). In this study, we deleted the hormone-specific β-genes of both FSH and LH in the zebrafish using TALEN. This was followed by a phenotype analysis for key reproductive events, including gonadal differentiation, puberty onset, gametogenesis, final maturation, and fertility. FSH-deficient zebrafish (fshb−/−) were surprisingly fertile in both sexes; however, the development of both the ovary and testis was significantly delayed. In contrast, LH-deficient zebrafish (lhb−/−) showed normal gonadal growth, but the females failed to spawn and were therefore infertile. Using previtellogenic follicles as the marker, we observed a significant delay of puberty onset in the fshb mutant but not the lhb mutant females. Interestingly, FSH seemed to play a role in maintaining the female status because we repeatedly observed sexual reversal in the fshb mutant. Neither the fshb nor lhb mutation alone seemed to affect gonadal differentiation; however, the double mutation of the two genes led to all males, although the development of the testis was significantly delayed. In summary, our data confirmed some well-known functions of FSH and LH in fish while also providing evidence for novel functions, which would be difficult to reveal using traditional biochemical and physiological approaches.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "FSH"

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Floyd, Colette F. "Subcutaneous FSH implants." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1193080537/.

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Thaler, Mirjam. "Kinderwunschbehandlung mit low dose FSH-Stimulation." Diss., lmu, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-108780.

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Sohn, Johann. "IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CONTACT SITES BETWEEN HUMAN FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE AND THE FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR." UKnowledge, 2005. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/270.

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Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) comprises an ?? subunit and a ?? subunit,whereas the FSH receptor consists of two halves with distinct functions, the N-terminalextracellular exodomain and C-terminal membrane associated endodomain. FSH initiallybinds to exodomain, and the resulting FSH/exodomain complex modulates the endodomainand generates signal. However, it has been difficult to determine which subunit of FSHcontacts the exodomain or endodomain, and in what orientation FSH interacts with them.To address these crucial issues, the receptor was Ala-scanned and the hormone subunitswere probed with photoaffinity labeling with receptor peptides corresponding to the Nterminalregion of the exodomain and exoloop 3 of the endodomain. The results show thatboth regions of the receptors are important for hormone binding and signal generation. Inaddition, the FSH ?? subunit is specifically labeled with the N-terminal peptide, whereas the?? subunit is labeled with the exoloop 3 peptide. These contrasting results show that the FSH?? subunit is close to the N-terminal region and the ?? subunit is projected toward exoloop 3in the endodomain. The results raise the fundamental question whether the ?? subunit,common among the glycoprotein hormones, plays a major role in generating the hormonesignal common to all glycoprotein hormones.
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Mancinelli, Romina. "Localizzazione e ruolo di fattori che intervengono nella proliferazione dell'epitelio biliare e relazioni con le caratteristicheultrastrutturali nel fegato normale e policistico." Doctoral thesis, La Sapienza, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/916931.

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Arashiro, Patricia. "Estudo do perfil de expressão gênica na distrofia muscular fácio-escápulo-umeral (FSH)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-21052009-163641/.

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FSH é caracterizada por uma grande variabilidade clínica inter- e intrafamilial. Aproximadamente 10-20% dos pacientes ficam em cadeira de rodas, enquanto que 20-30% dos portadores do alelo com a contração permanecem assintomáticos ou minimamente afetados. Interessantemente, estes casos parecem estar concentrados em determinadas famílias, sugerindo que algum mecanismo deve estar agindo nestes indivíduos, protegendo-os dos efeitos da doença. Para tentar explicar esta variabilidade clínica em FSH, nós comparamos o perfil de expressão gênica a partir do músculo de três membros (afetado, portador assintomático e controle normal) de cinco famílias diferentes através do microarray de expressão e de exons. Nossos resultados sugerem que a expressão dos genes no cromossomo 4q está alterada nos afetados e nos assintomáticos. Interessantemente, as alterações observadas nas amostras dos assintomáticos estão relacionadas aos genes de quemocinas, enquanto que as alterações vistas nas amostras dos afetados estão relacionadas com os genes envolvidos nos processos de acetilação de histonas e da modificação pós-traducional âncora-GPI. Além disto, os pacientes afetados e os assintomáticos compartilham o haplótipo 4qA161 e, desta forma, estes polimorfismos sozinhos não explicam a patogenicidade do alelo com a contração. Nossos resultados corroboram com as observações anteriores de FSH deve ser causada pela desregulação transcricional de vários genes, tanto in cis como in trans, e sugerem alguns fatores potencialmente importantes na patogênese de FSH. O estudo do perfil da expressão gênica dos portadores assintomáticos é uma abordagem nova que está revelando resultados novos e bem interessantes. Entender tal mecanismo é um grande desafio, mas que certamente levará ao desenvolvimento de novas ferramentas para o prognóstico e um possível tratamento.
FSHD is characterized by a great clinical inter and intrafamilial variability. Approximately 10-20% of patients eventually becoming wheelchair-bound while 20-30% with a shortened D4Z4 array, remains asymptomatic or minimally affected. Interestingly, these cases seem to be concentrated in some particular families, suggesting that some mechanism might be acting in these individuals, protecting them form the effects of the disease. In order to try to explain this clinical variability observed in FSHD, we compared the expression profiles of muscle tissue from three members (affected, asymptomatic carrier and normal control) from five unrelated FSHD families through expression and exon microarrays. Our results suggest that the expression of genes on chromosome 4q is altered in affected and asymptomatic individuals. Remarkably, the changes seen in asymptomatic samples are largely in products of genes encoding several chemokines, whereas the changes seen in affected samples are largely in genes governing the synthesis of GPI-linked proteins and histone acetylation. Besides this, the affected patient and related asymptomatic carrier share the 4qA161 haplotype, thus these polymorphisms by themselves do not explain the pathogenicity of the contracted allele. Together, our results support the previous evidences that FSHD may be caused by transcriptional dysregulation of multiple genes, in cis and in trans, and suggest some factors potentially important for FSHD pathogenesis. The study of gene expression profiles from asymptomatic carriers is a novel approach that is revealing new and interesting results. Understanding such mechanisms is a great challenge, but will certainly lead to the development of new tools for prognosis and also for future treatment.
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Clapp, Jannine. "Investigating the molecular genetics of FSH muscular dystrophy." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435765.

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Bolland, Daniel J. "Comparative mapping of the FSH muscular dystrophy region." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394920.

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Migrenne, Stéphanie. "Rôle des gonadotrophines dans le développement des cellules somatiques du testicule foetal et neonatal." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077074.

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Diržauskas, Marius. "Nėštumo laukimo laiką pronozuojančių veiksnių tyrimas." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120918_151448-51185.

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Daktaro disertacijos „Nėštumo laukimo laiką prognozuojančių veiksnių tyrimas“ tikslas - įvertinti nėštumo laukimo laiko sąsajas su demografiniais, socialiniais, gyvensenos, darbo, aplinkos ir genetiniais veiksniais ir sudaryti prognostinius jų įtakos modelius. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1.Įvertinti demografinių, socialinių, gyvensenos, darbo ir gyvena–mosios aplinkos veiksnių sąsajas su nėštumo laukimo laiku. 2.Sudaryti svarbiausių demografinių, socialinių, gyvensenos, darbo ir gyvenamosios aplinkos veiksnių, kurie nulemia 12 mėnesių ir ilgesnį nėštumo laukimo laiką, prognostinį įvertinimo modelį. 3.Įvertinti FSH receptoriaus geno polimorfizmo variantų įtaką nėš–tumo laukimo laikui. 4.Sudaryti FSH receptoriaus geno polimorfizmo įtakos svarbiausiems demografiniams, socialiniams, gyvensenos, darbo ir gyvenamosios aplinkos veiksniams, kurie nulemia 12 mėnesių ir ilgesnį nėštumo laukimo laiką, prognostinį modelį. Nustatėme, kad svarbiausi nepriklausomi 12 mėnesių ir ilgesnį nėštumo laukimo laiką nulemiantys prognostiniai veiksniai yra 30 metų ir vyresnis amžius, anksčiau gydyti vaisingumo sutrikimai, ginekologinės ligos, kontracepcijos priemonių naudojimas iki nėštumo planavimo pradžios ir FSH receptoriaus geno SER/SER variantas, kurie pastojimo po 12 ir daugiau mėnesių tikimybę didino, atitinkamai, 1,95, 1,57, 2,21, 1,87 ir 1,68 kartus.
“Study of time to pregnancy prognostic factors”. The aim of the study was to investigate the relation between various factors and female fecundity, which was expressed as time to pregnancy (TTP) and to create prognostic models. Tasks of the study were: 1.Estimate the relation between socioeconomic, demographic, life-style, environmental and job-related factors and time to pregnancy; 2.Create prognostic valuation model for the most important social, demographic, life-style, environmental and job-related factors what are associated with 12 month or longer time to pregnancy; 3.Estimate the impact of FSH receptor gene polymorphism variant on time to pregnancy; 4.Create prognostic model for the most important factors what are associated with 12 month or longer time to pregnancy under the influence of FSH receptor gene polymorphism. We established, that the most important independent risk factors prognoses time to pregnancy of 12 or more months in women analyzed for FSH receptor gene polymorphism group were older age, having gynecological diseases or fertility problems in the past, the use of contraception prior to conception and SER/SER polymorphism variant, what increased the probability of conceiving after 12 or more months 1.95, 1.57, 2.21, 1.87 and 1.68 times respectively.
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Mohiyiddeen, Lamiya. "The role of FSH receptor gene polymorphisms in the prediction of ovarian response in patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-role-of-fsh-receptor-gene-polymorphisms-in-the-prediction-of-ovarian-response-in-patients-undergoing-invitro-fertilization-ivf-treatment(7e2e1b13-a352-4ba4-9463-40dc299cedd2).html.

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Background: The ovarian response to follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulation in assisted conception cycles is variable. Although it would be beneficial to predict accurately the response of patients to FSH, to date no robust predictors of ovarian performance have been identified. Recently, there have been a number of studies on the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the FSH receptor gene and its predictive value in the patients undergoing ovarian stimulation. Several reports have shown that two common SNPs at positions 307 and 680 in exon 10 of the FSH receptor gene are associated with ovarian response in in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Some authors have shown predictability of ovarian response to FSH stimulation in patients with different alleles, while others have refuted this finding. Until now, there is no clear clinical benefit in screening FSHR genotypes before IVF treatment. Objective: 1) To study the association between ovarian response and FSHR gene polymorphisms2) To study the association between FSHR gene polymorphisms and markers of ovarian reserve, including Anti Mullerian Hormone, Antral Follicle Count, Follicle Stimulating Hormone.Design: Prospective observational studyMethodology: 421 patients attending a tertiary reproductive medicine unit undergoing first cycle of IVF treatment were recruited into the study. Blood tests were taken on day 2 or 3 of the cycle for assessment of hormones and for DNA extraction. The SNP genotyping was done using Taqman analysis. Non-parametric tests were done to compare the various outcome parameters in patients with different genotypes.Results: FSHR p.Asn680Ser was not predictive of ovarian response. There was no evidence of any difference in basal FSH, AMH or AFC between the patients with different FSHR genotypes, with or without an adjustment for age or BMI. On subgroup analysis, there was no evidence that FSHR p.Asn680Ser genotypes are associated with PCOS, high AMH levels or response to clomiphene citrate. FSHR gene polymorphism was also not related to oocyte maturity or fertilization rate.Conclusions: FSHR p.Asn680Ser was not shown to be predictive of ovarian response, although clinically relevant differences cannot be ruled out. There may be an effect size but smaller than that detected for the power of this study. Other genetic markers may be relevant in the prediction of response to ovarian stimulation.
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Books on the topic "FSH"

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J, Out H., and Coelingh Bennink, Herman Jan Tymen, 1943-, eds. Recombinant FSH (Puregon): Preclinical and clinical experience. New York: Parthenon Pub. Group, 1996.

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United States. Forest Service. Intermountain Region. Fisheries habitat surveys handbook: Region 4 - FSH 2609.23. [Ogden, Utah]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Region, Fisheries and Wildlife Management, 1989.

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Reinier de Graaf Symposium (9th 1996 Noordwijk, Netherlands). FSH action and intraovarian regulation: Proceedings of the IX Reinier de Graaf Symposium, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, September 26-28, 1996. New York: Parthenon Pub. Group, 1997.

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Avigad, Nahman. Ḥotamot Shemiyim maʻaraviyim: Ha-meʾot ha-sheminit - ha-shishit li-fsh"n /Naṃan Avigad, Mikhaʾel Heltser, Andrei Lemer. Ḥefah: Universiṭat Ḥefah, 2000.

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G, Burger H., ed. Inhibin-non-steroidal regulation of follicle stimulating hormone secretion. New York: Raven Press, 1987.

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Symposium on the Regulation and Action of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (1990 Evanston, Ill.). Follicle stimulating hormone: Regulation of secretion and molecular mechanisms of action. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1992.

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Elgendy, Manal. Minimising the dose of gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist [GnRHa] and recombinant follicle stimulating hormone [FSH] used for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in in-vitro fertilisation. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2001.

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D, Paulson John, ed. Andrology: Male fertility and sterility. Orlando: Academic Press, 1986.

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1942-, Schmidt-Gollwitzer Manfred, Schley Rosemarie 1938-, and Schering A. G, eds. LH-RH and its analogues: Fertility and antifertility aspects. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1985.

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W, Shaw Robert, and Marshall John C. 1941-, eds. LHRH and its analogues: Their use in gynaecological practice. London: Wright, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "FSH"

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Piekarski, David J., and Naomi Ondrasek. "FSH." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_424-1.

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van Balen, J. A. M., A. A. Demeulemeester, M. Frölich, K. Mohrmann, L. M. Harms, W. C. H. van Helden, L. J. Mostert, and J. H. M. Souverijn. "FSH." In Memoboek, 105–7. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-9129-5_55.

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Piekarski, David J., and Naomi Ondrasek. "FSH." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 2824–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_424.

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Aittomäki, Kristina, and Ilpo T. Huhtaniemi. "FSH Resistance." In Hormone Resistance Syndromes, 197–207. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-698-0_10.

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Peters, Nils, Martin Dichgans, Sankar Surendran, Josep M. Argilés, Francisco J. López-Soriano, Sílvia Busquets, Klaus Dittmann, et al. "Congenital FSH Deficiency." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 402. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_8995.

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Gartler, Stanley M., R. Scott Hansen, Vinzenz Oji, Heiko Traupe, Julia Horn, Bodo Grimbacher, Srijita Sen-Chowdhry, et al. "Isolated FSH Deficiency." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 1088–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_980.

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Desnick, Robert J., Orlando Guntinas-Lichius, George W. Padberg, Gustav Schonfeld, Xiaobo Lin, Maurizio Averna, Pin Yue, et al. "FSH Beta Subunit Deficiency." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 675. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_8997.

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Prasad, Sudha, and Mona Dahiya. "Human Menopausal Gonadotropin, Pure FSH, and Recombinant FSH: A Comparative Analysis." In Principles and Practice of Controlled Ovarian Stimulation in ART, 83–92. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1686-5_8.

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Kannan, C. R. "LH and FSH: The Gonadotropins." In The Pituitary Gland, 309–27. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1849-1_11.

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Hsueh, Aaron J. W. "The Many Faces of FSH." In Ovulation, 110–18. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21508-2_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "FSH"

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Ohlsson, M., A. J. W. Hsueh, and T. Ny. "HORMONE REGULATION OF THE FIBRINOLYTIC SYSTEM IN THE OVARY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644389.

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In the ovary, the release of oocytes from graafian follicles during hormone-induced ovulation has been found to be associated with substantial increases in follicular plasminogen activator (PA) activity. Most of the PA activity comes from the granulosa cells that have been shown to produce tPA, uPA as well as the type-1 PA-inhibitor,(PAI-1).We have studied the molecular mechanism of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) on the synthesis of tPA in primary cultures of rat granulosa cells. FSH and GnRH were both found to induce tPA in granulosa cells in a time and dose dependent manner. The effect of FSH and GnRH on the levels of tPA mRNA was also studied by northern and slot blot hybridizations. FSH and GnRH were both found to increase the level of tPA mRNA. The stimulation was up to 18 -fold compared to untreated cells.The induction of tPA mRNA by FSH and GnRH was additive and the time courses of the stimulation by the hormones differed, suggesting that different cellular mechanisms are involved. Consistent with the ability of FSH to activate the cAMP dependent protein kinase A pathway, the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine further enhanced the FSH induction of tPA mRNA.GnRH is known to activate the phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C pathway. Likewise the effect of GnRH can be mimicked by the kinase C activator, phorbol myristate acetate.It is concluded that FSH and GnRH regulates tPA production by differnt molecular mechanisms, and that the increase in tPA activity is mediated via an increase in the levels tPA mRNA. Since both gonadotropins and GnRH cause ovulation in hyposectomized animals, similar stimulatory actions of these hormones on the tPA activity suggest a correlative relationship between this enzyme and the ovulatory process.
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Brigida, A. V., and O. A. Skachkova. "THE RELEVANCE OF THE APPLICATION OF FSH FOR SUPEROVULATION OF DONOR COWS AND WAYS OF INCREASING ITS EFFICIENCY." In "International Scientific and Practical Conference" THEORY AND PRACTICE OF VETERINARY PHARMACY, ECOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY IN AIC ", dedicated to the centenary of the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, SPbSUVM. FSBEI HE St. Petersburg SUVM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/3006-2021-2-28-30.

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In the technology of cattle embryo transplantation, the classic protocol for superovulation of embryo donor cows is used, based on 8-10-fold administration of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) every 12 hours for 4-5 days. For many decades of using this technology, the yield of high- quality embryos varies within 4-6 pcs. It is necessary to increase the effectiveness of FSH to increase the number of embryos. We conducted a study of the effectiveness of a pharmacological composition consisting of FSH combined with polyethylene glycol (PEG) with a molecular weight of 6000 Da, which increases the yield of the number of embryos obtained, suitable for transplantation into recipients, or their cryopreservation
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Mouawad, Nadia, Rola Naja, and Samir Tohme. "SDN Based Fast and Soft Handover (FSH) For a Shuttle Bus Monitoring System." In 2019 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscc47284.2019.8969750.

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Aggarwal, Sita, Ted Gauthier, Hector Alila, Carola Leuschner, Namrata Karki, Rajasree Solipuram, and William Hansel. "Abstract 5600: Destruction of prostate cancer cell xenografts by FSH-Lytic peptide conjugates." In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-5600.

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Mainieri, Giovanna Luisa Brandao, and Priscila Murador. "A MATURAÇÃO OOCITÁRIA IN VITRO PARA PREVENIR A SÍNDROME DA HIPERESTIMULAÇÃO OVARIANA." In I Congresso On-line Nacional de Histologia e Embriologia Humana. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/2727.

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Introdução: Anos atrás, padronizou-se utilizar protocolos de hiperestimulação medicamentosa controlada para captar oócitos, porém a estimulação ovariana não é isenta de riscos. A síndrome da hiperestimulação ovariana (SHO) é a resposta exagerada dos ovários às gonadotrofinas. Divide-se em quatro graus: leve, moderada, grave e crítica. Devido grande quantidade folicular o líquido acumulado nos ovários aumenta a permeabilidade capilar, resultando no efluxo de líquido intravascular para o espaço intersticial. Consequências são alterações hemodinâmicas, de hemoconcentração, líquido nos pulmões, insuficiência renal, trombose e morte. No Brasil é estimado três óbitos a cada 100 mil tratamentos. A maturação in vitro (MIV) apresenta uma alternativa aos tratamentos que utilizam gonadotrofinas, por ser o cultivo in vitro de oócitos imaturos. Objetivo: Esse trabalho busca reunir informações para responder se a MIV tem se mostrado boa alternativa aos tratamentos de reprodução humana assistida objetivando-se prevenir a SHO. Materiais e Métodos: Realizou-se revisão bibliográfica em revistas acadêmicas, comparando dados. Resultados: Respostas das células de mamíferas à MIV: Certo estudo realizado em 1975 utilizando progesterona no meio de cultivo obteve resultado negativo em sua pesquisa, assim como uma pesquisa em 1998 ao utilizar FSH/LH. Utilizando fluido folicular, em 1991, o resultado obtido foi satisfatório. Ao utilizar estrogênio + soro bovino em 1994 o resultado concluiu-se indiferente. Em 1998 e 2000, foi observado resultado positivo ao usar FSH/LH nos estudos. Trazendo nova perspectiva, em 1998 foi proposto o uso de insulina do fluido folicular in vivo + fator de crescimento insulina símile – I + IGF-I obtendo resultados positivos. Em 2017 inúmeros pesquisadores apoiaram o uso de TCM 199 + SSS + FSH + hCG recombinante + estradiol + insulina + FGF alegando ser o maior avanço até a atualidade. Conclusão: O desenvolvimento oocitário adequado demanda sincronia entre a maturação nuclear e citoplasmática. A partir do pensamento contemporâneo de não repetir expressamente o que ocorre in vivo, alguns grupos de pesquisadores sugerem a adição de agentes farmacológicos ao meio de cultivo para evitar a maturação nuclear precoce. A MIV tem demonstrado ser uma alternativa viável para casos com probabilidade de desenvolver complicações da SHO. É inegável a necessidade de mais estudos na área.
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Planeix, François, Mohammad-Ahsan Siraj, François-Clément Bidard, Jean-Yves Pierga, Xavier Sastre, Martine Antoine, and Nicolae Ghinea. "Abstract 7: Assessment of FSH receptor expression in the major molecular subtypes of breast cancer." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-7.

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Silva, Gabriel de Almeida, and Leonardo Campos Almeida. "USO DE HORMÔNIO LIBERADOR DE GONADOTROFINA (GNRH) NA INSEMINAÇÃO ARTIFICIAL EM TEMPO FIXO (IATF)." In I Congresso Brasileiro Online de Práticas Veterinárias: Uma abordagem para animais de grande porte e produção Animal. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/granvet-43.

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Introdução: A inseminação artificial em tempo fixo é uma das biotecnologias da reprodução mais estudada, a busca por uma sincronização perfeita entre a manipulação hormonal e a fisiologia animal, visando o aumento dos índices de fertilidade, fomentou uma série de estudos e experimentos na área. O controle hormonal incentiva gradativamente os estudos, como o uso de GnRH no momento da inseminação artificial (IA). O GnRH possui um papel fundamental no controle do ciclo estral da vaca, já que é a partir de sua secreção que hormônios gonadotróficos são estimulados, tendo 14 o LH um perfil extremamente espelhado a sua secreção, enquanto que o FSH apresenta um perfil sérico não tão fiel, já que sofre influência de outros hormônios, como estrógeno e inibina, dando a entender que o GnRH está relacionado mais a manutenção de síntese de FSH do que ao controle de sua liberação. Objetivo: Nesse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão literária avaliando as relutâncias do uso de GnRH no momento da inseminação artificial em protocolos de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo IATF como ferramenta para agregar nos resultados na taxa de prenhez em gado de corte. Revisão de literatura realizada no ano de 2021, abrangendo os últimos 10 anos de publicação. Resultados: Os resultados de diferentes estudos estão sendo variáveis, tendo um número maior de relevância nas categorias de novilhas e primíparas e com um aumento relativamente menor em multíparas, tendo correlação também se a vaca teve ou não o pico de estrógeno. Conclusão: Por isso, a apresentação de cio aparenta ser um importante detalhe a ser levado em avaliação para se adotar ou não o uso do GnRH no momento da IA. Cabe ao Médico veterinário que desenvolve o protocolo decidir, baseado nas características do rebanho, se irar utilizar essa ferramenta.
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Silva, Gabriel De Almeida, and Leonardo Campos Almeida. "USO DE HORMÔNIO LIBERADOR DE GONADOTROFINA (GNRH) NA INSEMINAÇÃO ARTIFICIAL EM TEMPO FIXO (IATF)." In I Congresso Brasileiro Online de Práticas Veterinárias: Uma abordagem para animais de grande porte e produção Animal. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/granvet-56.

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Introdução: A inseminação artificial em tempo fixo é uma das biotecnologias da reprodução mais estudada, a busca por uma sincronização perfeita entre a manipulação hormonal e a fisiologia animal, visando o aumento dos índices de fertilidade, fomentou uma série de estudos e experimentos na área. O controle hormonal incentiva gradativamente os estudos, como o uso de GnRH no momento da inseminação artificial (IA). O GnRH possui um papel fundamental no controle do ciclo estral da vaca, já que é a partir de sua secreção que hormônios gonadotróficos são estimulados, tendo 14 o LH um perfil extremamente espelhado a sua secreção, enquanto que o FSH apresenta um perfil sérico não tão fiel, já que sofre influência de outros hormônios, como estrógeno e inibina, dando a entender que o GnRH está relacionado mais a manutenção de síntese de FSH do que ao controle de sua liberação. Objetivo: Nesse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão literária avaliando as relutâncias do uso de GnRH no momento da inseminação artificial em protocolos de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo IATF como ferramenta para agregar nos resultados na taxa de prenhez em gado de corte. Revisão de literatura realizada no ano de 2021, abrangendo os últimos 10 anos de publicação. Resultados: Os resultados de diferentes estudos estão sendo variáveis, tendo um número maior de relevância nas categorias de novilhas e primíparas e com um aumento relativamente menor em multíparas, tendo correlação também se a vaca teve ou não o pico de estrógeno. Conclusão: Por isso, a apresentação de cio aparenta ser um importante detalhe a ser levado em avaliação para se adotar ou não o uso do GnRH no momento da IA. Cabe ao Médico veterinário que desenvolve o protocolo decidir, baseado nas características do rebanho, se irar utilizar essa ferramenta.
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Silvia, Roza, Sally Catt, and Mulyoto Pangestu. "The Effects of FSH and Glutathione Supplementation to the in Vitro Maturation Media on Mouse Oocyte Maturation." In Proceedings of the 1st EAI International Conference on Medical And Health Research, ICoMHER November 13-14th 2018, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.13-11-2018.2283684.

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Gasparov, A. S., E. D. Dubinskaya, N. V. Dmitrieva, S. N. Kolesnikova, and I. V. Holban. "The effectiveness of the new intraovarial autoplasmotherapy technology in patients with low ovarian reserve." In Scientific achievements of the third millennium. SPC "LJournal", 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/scienceconf-09-2021-03.

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In this study, the authors presented the results of intraovarial autoplasmotherapy (PRP – platelet rich plasma) in 80 patients suffering from low ovarian reserve, “poor response” in IVF programs and ineffective IVF attempts in the anamnesis. The 1st group included 40 women who underwent intraovarial PRP by means of using stop-point navigation technology; the 2nd group included 40 women who received PRP without using stop-point navigation technology. The obtained data convincingly demonstrate that PRP with the use of stop-point navigation technology has a better effect on the ovarian function activation (an increase in anti-muller hormone (AMH), an increase in the number of antral follicles (CAF), an increase in estradiol, a decrease in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)), compared with PRP without the use of stop-point navigation technology.
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Reports on the topic "FSH"

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Yaron, Zvi, Abigail Elizur, Martin Schreibman, and Yonathan Zohar. Advancing Puberty in the Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) and the Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis). United States Department of Agriculture, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695841.bard.

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Both the genes and cDNA sequences encoding the b-subunits of black carp LH and FSH were isolated, cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis of the bcFSHb and LHb5'flanking regions revealed that the promoter region of both genes contains canonical TATA sequences, 30 bp and 17 bp upstream of the transcription start site of FSHb and LHb genes, respectively. In addition, they include several sequences of cis-acting motifs, required for inducible and tissue-specific transcriptional regulation: the gonadotropin-specific element (GSE), GnRH responsive element (GRE), half sites of estrogen and androgen response elements, cAMP response element, and AP1. Several methods have been employed by the Israeli team to purify the recombinant b subunits (EtOH precipitation, gel filtration and lentil lectin). While the final objective to produce pure recombinantGtH subunits has not yet been achieved, we have covered much ground towards this goal. The black carp ovary showed a gradual increase in both mass and oocyte diameter. First postvitellogenic oocytes were found in 5 yr old fish. At this age, the testes already contained spermatozoa. The circulating LH levels increased from 0.5 ng/ml in 4 yr old fish to >5ng/ml in 5 yr old fish. In vivo challenge experiments in black carp showed the initial LH response of the pituitary to GnRH in 4 yr old fish. The response was further augmented in 5 yr old fish. The increase in estradiol level in response to gonadotropic stimulation was first noted in 4 yr old fish but this response was much stronger in the following year. In vivo experiments on the FSHb and LHb mRNA levels in response to GnRH were carried out on common carp as a model for synchronom spawning cyprinids. These experiments showed the prevalence of FSHP in maturing fish while LHP mRNA was prevalent in mature fish, especially in females. The gonadal fat-pad was found to originate from the retroperitoneal mesoderm and not from the genital ridge, thus differing from that reported in certain amphibians This tissue possibly serves as the major source of sex steroids in the immature black carp. However, such a function is taken over by the developing gonads in 4 yr old fish. In the striped bass, we described the ontogeny of the neuro-endocrine parameters along the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis during the first four years of life, throughout gonadal development and the onset of puberty. We also described the responsiveness of the reproductive axis to long-term hormonal manipulations at various stages of gonadal development. Most males reached complete sexual maturity during the first year of life. Puberty was initiated during the third year of life in most females, but this first reproductive cycle did not lead to the acquisition of full sexual maturity. This finding indicates that more than one reproductive cycle may be required before adulthood is reached. Out of the three native GnRHs present in striped bass, only sbGnRH and cGnRH II increased concomitantly with the progress of gonadal development and the onset of puberty. This finding, together with data on GtH synthesis and release, suggests that while sbGnRH and cGnRH II may be involved in the regulation of puberty in striped bass, these neuropeptides are not limiting factors to the onset of puberty. Plasma LH levels remained low in all fish, suggesting that LH plays only a minor role in early gonadal development. This hypothesis was further supported by the finding that experimentally elevated plasma LH levels did not result in the induction of complete ovarian and testicular development. The acquisition of complete puberty in 4 yr old females was associated with a rise in the mRNA levels of all GtH subunit genes, including a 218-fold increase in the mRNA levels of bFSH. mRNA levels of the a and PLH subunits increased only 11- and 8-fold, respectively. Although data on plasma FSH levels are unavailable, the dramatic increase in bFSH mRNA suggests a pivotal role for this hormone in regulating the onset and completion of puberty in striped bass. The hormonal regulation of the onset of puberty and of GtH synthesis and release was studied by chronic administration of testosterone (T) and/or an analog of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (G). Sustained administration of T+G increased the mRNA levels of the PLH subunit to the values characteristic of sexually mature fish, and also increased the plasma levels of LH. However, these changes did not result in the acceleration of sexual maturation. The mRNA levels of the bFSH subunit were slightly stimulated, but remained about 1/10 of the values characteristic of sexually mature fish. It is concluded that the stimulation of FSH gene expression and release does not lead to the acceleration of sexual maturity, and that the failure to sufficiently stimulate the bFSH subunit gene expression may underlie the inability of the treatments to advance sexual maturity. Consequently, FSH is suggested to be the key hormone to the initiation and completion of puberty in striped bass. Future efforts to induce precocious puberty in striped bass should focus on understanding the regulation of FSH synthesis and release and on developing technologies to induce these processes. Definite formulation of hormonal manipulation to advance puberty in the striped bass and the black carp seems to be premature at this stage. However, the project has already yielded a great number of experimental tools of DNA technology, slow-release systems and endocrine information on the process of puberty. These systems and certain protocols have been already utilized successfully to advance maturation in other fish (e.g. grey mullet) and will form a base for further study on fish puberty.
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Shaw, R. Todd. Umatilla River Basin Anadromous Fsh Habitat Enhancement Project : 2000 Annual Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/821597.

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Verdam, Mathilde, Jae-Yung Kwon, Lara Russel, Véronique Sébille, Mirjam Sprangers, and Rick Sawatzky. The impact of response shift on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs): A systematic review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.2.0024.

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Review question / Objective: Are the serum levels of estrogens (estrone, estradiol, estriol), gonadotropins (FSH, LH), or other hormones altered after intravaginal application of estriol for the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause? Condition being studied: The aim of this review is to study whether the vaginal application of estriol has any effects on the serum levels of different sex hormones, mainly estriol, estradiol, and FSH, as those have been previously used as proxies for the safety of similar estrogenic products. Study designs to be included: Included: RCTs, controlled studies, head-to-head comparisons, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, quasi-experimental studies (intervention/no control).
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Kolokythas, Argyrios, Petra Stute, Cornelia Betschart Meier, Dorothea Wunder, and Heidrun Janka. Effect of intravaginal administration of estriol on the serum levels of different estrogens, gonadotropins, and other hormones in postmenopausal women: A Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.2.0023.

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Review question / Objective: Are the serum levels of estrogens (estrone, estradiol, estriol), gonadotropins (FSH, LH), or other hormones altered after intravaginal application of estriol for the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause? Condition being studied: The aim of this review is to study whether the vaginal application of estriol has any effects on the serum levels of different sex hormones, mainly estriol, estradiol, and FSH, as those have been previously used as proxies for the safety of similar estrogenic products. Study designs to be included: Included: RCTs, controlled studies, head-to-head comparisons, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, quasi-experimental studies (intervention/no control).
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El Halawani, Mohamed, and Israel Rozenboim. Temperature Stress and Turkey Reproduction. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7570546.bard.

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High temperature stress is of major concern to turkey producers in Israel and the United States. The decline in the rate of egg production at high environmental temperature is well recognized, but the neuroendocrinological basis is not understood. Our objectives were: 1) to characterize the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis involvement in the mechanism(s) underlying the detrimental effect of heat stress on reproduction, and 2) to establish procedures that alleviate the damaging effect of heat stress on reproduction. Heat stress (40oC, Israel; 32oC, U.S.) caused significant reduction in egg production, which was restored by VIP immunoneutralization. The decline in egg production did not appear to be entirely related to the expression of incubation behavior due to the rise in circulating PRL in stressed birds. Heat stress was found to increase circulating PRL in ovariectomized turkeys independent of the reproductive stage. Active immunization against VIP was shown for the first time to up-regulate LHb and FSHb subunit mRNA contents. These findings taken together with the results that the heat stress-induced decline in egg production may not be dependent upon the reproductive stage, lead to the suggestion that the detrimental effect of heat stress on reproductive performance may be in part mediated by VIP acting directly on the GnRH/gonadotropin system. Inhibin (INH) immunoneutralization has been shown to enhance FSH secretion and induces ovulation in mammals. It is hypothesized that immunization of heat-stressed turkeys against INH will increase levels of circulating FSH and the number of preovulating follicles which leads to improved reproductive performance. We have cloned and expressed turkey INH-a and INH-bA. Active immunization of turkey hens with rtINH-a increased pituitary FSH-b subunit mRNA and the number of non-graded preovulatory yellow follicles, but no significant increase in egg production was observed.
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Xu, Dan, Xueying Zhou, Junfei Wang, Xi Cao, and Tao Liu. The Value of Urinary Gonadotropins in the Diagnosis of Central Precocious Puberty: A Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0076.

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Review question / Objective: Precocious puberty is defined as the onset of secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. It can be differentiated into central precocious puberty (CPP) and peripheral precocious puberty, and it is more common in girls than in boys. CPP may result in a decreased final adult height, an early age at menarche, and psychological and health problems in adulthood. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) GnRH stimulation test has been indispensable in the diagnosis of CPP. GnRH stimulation test is not only invasive, time-consuming and expensive, but also sometimes difficult to have patients cooperate. Nocturnal urinary LH and FSH can represent gonadotropin excretion in children with normal and early puberty. And urinary sample collection and evaluation are more convenient, more acceptable, cheaper, and noninvasive. This meta-analysis aims to assess the value of first-voided urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) and the ratio of urinary luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the diagnosis of female CPP and to compare the accuracy between urinary gonadotropins and serum GnRH-stimulated gonadotropins.
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Gootwine, Elisha, David Thomas, Ruth Braw-Tal, Amir Bor, and P. J. Dziuk. Improvement of Prolificacy of Israeli and U.S. Sheep Breeds through Inclusion of the F Gene of the Booroola Merino-Stage II. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604931.bard.

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The purposes of this project were: 1) to introduce the FecB gene to the Awassi and Assaf breeds in Israel and the Rambouillet breed in the U.S.A. aiming in the long run to establish Awassi, Assaf and Rambouillet nucclei breeding flocks homozygous for the F gene in which the contribution of the Booroola Merino genetic background will be less than 10%; (In the U.S., Booroola crosses with Suffolk and Targhee were also studied. 2) to evaluate the effect of the FecB gene and different proportions of Booroola Merino genetic background on lamb survival, growth, milk production and wool production in Booroola crosses with the native breeds; 3) to reveal the specific effect of the FecB gene on ovarian development, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and inhibin secretion in prepubertal ewe lambs and in adult ewes in order to define physiological criteria for distinguishing carriers of the FecB allele from non-carriers and 4) to identify genetic markers linked to the FecB gene to assist in selection of genotypes within the Booroola crosses. Introgression of the Booroola gene reached the stage of the third backcross in the Awassi, Assaf and the Rambouillet crosses. In all cases the Booroola crosses were superior in prolificacy. However, they were inferior in comparison to the local breeds in production due to Booroola Merino genes other than the FecB. It is expected that the beneficial economic contribution of the Booroola gene will increase along with the upgrading to the local breeds. FSH plasma levels and induced ovulation rate of 5 month old FecB carriers among the crossbreeds. The OarAE101 marker can assist in detecting FecB carriers among Booroola-Awassi crosses. However, this marker is informative only in some of the families.
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Turner, Paul, and John O'Brien. Review of the FSA’s research programme on food hypersensitivity. Food Standards Agency, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.bka542.

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The overarching mission of the Food Standards Agency (FSA) is tothe ensure that food is safe, food is what it says it is and that consumers can make informed choices about what to eat. These are of central importance to consumers with food hypersensitivity(FHS).Food hypersensitivity (FHS) encompasses both immune-mediated food hypersensitivity (food allergy and coeliac disease) and non-immune food intolerances. FHS is a complex, multifactorial disease of concern to multiple stakeholders including consumers with FHS, their families, clinicians, regulatory agencies and policy makers, scientists, food manufacturers and food business operators. It affects around 5-8% of children and 2-3% of adults in the UK, and although rare, can be fatal. Public concern over FHS has grown in recent years. In the UK and elsewhere, food recalls due to the presence of undeclared allergens feature predominantly in food alerts; legislation over food labelling has become clearer, and consumers and producers are more aware of FHS. The FSA has been a major funder of research into FHS for over 2 decades, and the outputs of the research programme has had significant impacts at a national and global scale, most notably in the area of the prevention of FHS in children and the presence of declared and undeclared allergens in food products. Strengthening protections for consumers with FHS is a top priority for the FSA. The FSA has established a Food Hypersensitivity Programme Board to oversee and coordinate its work in this area. The working group was tasked with reviewing the research into FHS supported by the Food Standards Agency to date, and prioritising those priority areas where the current scientific evidence is limited and therefore should be a focus for future research investment. The aim –to make the UK the best country in the world for consumers with food hypersensitivity.
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Knibb, Rebecca, Lily Hawkins, and Dan Rigby. Food Sensitive Study: Wave Two Survey. Food Standards Agency, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.nyx192.

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Food hypersensitivities (FH) include food allergy, food intolerance and coeliac disease. Food allergy and coeliac disease involve an immune mediated reaction to certain foods; food intolerance is caused by a non-immune mediated reaction (such as an enzymatic or pharmacological effect). Each of these FHs result in unpleasant symptoms if the food is eaten in sufficient quantity, with food allergic reactions sometimes resulting in life-threatening symptoms. Management of FH by an individual or members of their family therefore involves constant vigilance and risk assessment to determine if a food is safe to eat. Research over the last twenty years has demonstrated that this burden, along with the unpredictable nature of FH reactions, has an impact on quality of life (QoL). QoL encompasses our emotions, physical health, the environment we live in, our social networks and day-to-day activities. FH has been shown to have an impact on many of these areas, however there are still research gaps. In particular, many studies focus on children, adolescents or parents rather than the adult population and little is known about those with food intolerances. In order to make a comprehensive characterisation and evaluation of the burden caused by living with FH, the day-to-day management of FH and associated inconveniences, the FSA has commissioned this project, led by Aston University. The project is called the FoodSensitive study and this report relates to findings for workstream one, a survey to assess the impact of FH on QoL. This survey was carried out in two waves, one year apart. This report covers the second wave and a comparison of wave one and two for those participants who completed both waves.
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UK, Ipsos. Survey of public attitudes towards precision breeding. Food Standards Agency, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ouv127.

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The Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Bill is currently going through Parliament. Although this bill is ‘England only’ and food and feed safety and hygiene is a devolved issue, the Food Standards Agency (FSA) will introduce a separate regulatory framework for precision bred organisms (PBOs), should the Bill become law. The FSA will also work with stakeholders in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland to ensure consumers’ interests are protected in relation to PBOs. The FSA / Food Standard Scotland (FSS) is science and evidence led. In August 2022, the FSA and FSS commissioned Ipsos UK to conduct a two-phase social research project on precision breeding. Phase One, now complete, involved a survey of 4,177 UK residents with robust samples in each UK nation to allow comparisons between and within nations. Phase Two, scheduled to start in September 2022 and report in early 2023, will comprise a series of Citizens’ Forums in England, Wales and Northern Ireland(footnote 1). The overall aims of this project are to: explore consumer attitudes towards precision breeding gather consumer views on the FSA’s proposed regulatory framework understand consumer information needs inform how to communicate with consumers about precision breeding. This document presents interim findings for this project, reporting descriptive data from Phase One. Phase One’s core aims were to provide a snapshot of consumers’ awareness and self-assessed knowledge of precision breeding, its perceived acceptability, risks and benefits, and consumer appetite for information about this production method. These data show that awareness of precision breeding is very low, something which should be borne in mind when considering these findings. While these data reveal that there is a general openness to trying precision bred foods across the UK, with more people anticipating benefits than disbenefits from the use of precision breeding, there is a large degree of uncertainty about what impact precision bred foods may have on the different parts of the food system. This is reflected in the relatively large proportions of people taking a neutral stance or indicating they do not know enough to answer survey questions and in the strong appetite expressed for information about precision breeding to be provided. The next phase of this project will be essential for the FSA’s ability to interpret these findings’ implications, and to understand what is informing consumers’ views. The purpose of Phase One has always been to let the FSA know ‘what’ consumers think about precision breeding; Phase Two’s purpose is to build our understanding ‘why’ they think it. This will allow the FSA to develop a more nuanced understanding of consumers’ needs and incorporate this into the design of the future regulatory framework and any engagement with consumers on precision breeding. FSS will be carrying out further research in Scotland.
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