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Journal articles on the topic 'FSCW'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 1 April 2023

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1

Muteba, Mbika, Adisa A. Jimoh, and Dan V. Nicolae. "Performance Analysis of Induction Machines with Unconventional Winding Configurations." Applied Mechanics and Materials 260-261 (December 2012): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.260-261.337.

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This paper presents the performance of fractional slots distributed windings (FSDW) and fractional slots concentrated windings (FSCW) of three-phase squirrel cage induction machines. The different windings have been designed and modeled using the same machine physical and electrical parameters. The Finite Element Model (FEM) of the machine for the different windings has been carried out. The results for the machine with FSDW and FSCW are compared to the results of the conventional double layer (CDL) with 8/9 chorded coil.
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2

Hu, Xiaobin, Chen Lu, and Xiaoqing Zhu. "A Simplified Model for Dynamic Response Analysis of Framed Self-Centering Wall Structures under Seismic Excitations." Shock and Vibration 2019 (April 15, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2360150.

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This paper presents a simplified model for dynamic response analysis of the framed self-centering wall (FSCW) structure under seismic excitations. In the analysis model, the frame is equivalent as a single-degree-of-freedom system and collaborates with the self-centering (SC) wall to resist lateral loads. By way of pushover analysis of a typical FSCW structure, the proposed analysis model is validated by comparing the analysis results with those obtained from the finite element analysis method. Using the analysis model, motion equations of the FSCW structure under seismic excitations are established and solved through numerical simulations. Finally, a comprehensive parametric study is conducted to investigate the effects of a variety of design parameters on seismic responses of the FSCW structure. It shows that improving the yield force or elastic stiffness of the frame can help greatly lessen seismic responses of the FSCW structure in terms of the rotation angle of the SC wall.
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Liu, Suying, and Jinlin Huang. "Multi-objective optimization of a spoke-type permanent magnet motor with fractional-slot concentrated windings for EVs." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 40, no. 3 (July 26, 2021): 561–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-08-2020-0278.

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Purpose This paper aims to propose a spoke-type fractional-slot concentrated windings (FSCW) PM machine for EVs driving system to improve torque density. To further improve electromagnetic performance, the multi-objective optimization design is processed based on response surface (RS) model and simulated annealing cuckoo search (SA-CS) algorithm. Design/methodology/approach The spoke-type FSCW PM machine is designed and optimized to meet the requirement of EVs driving system. First, a spoke-type FSCW PM machine is designed and some of key parameters are obtained based on equivalent magnetic circuit (EMC) method. Then, the RS model and modified SA-CS algorithm are proposed to obtain higher torque, lower torque ripple and higher efficiency. Findings After verification by finite element method for no-load and load performance, the optimal machine has higher torque density, lower torque ripple and higher efficiency compared with initial machine. Finally, a 20 kW prototype is manufactured and tested to verify the validity of the proposed optimization design method. Originality/value This paper designs a high torque density spoke-type FSCW PM machine, which is superior for EVs driving system. Meanwhile, a novel modified SA-CS algorithm is applied to the field of electrical machine multi-objective optimal design.
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Jedryczka, Cezary, Wojciech Szelag, and Zbigniew Jerry Piech. "Multiphase permanent magnet synchronous motors with fractional slot windings." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 35, no. 6 (November 7, 2016): 1937–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-03-2016-0120.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate advantages of multiphase permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) with fractional slot concentrated windings (FSCW). The investigation is based on comparative analysis and assessment of FSCW PMSM wound as 3, 6, 9 and 12 phase machines suited for low speed applications. Design/methodology/approach The investigations are focussed on distortions of back electromotive (emf) and magnetomotive force (mmf) with the torque ripples and motors’ performance taken into account. The finite element models with the aid of customized computer code have been adopted for motor winding design and back emf, mmf and motor performance analyses. Findings The novel multiphase winding layouts were found to offer lower content of sub-harmonics in the mmf waveforms compared with the traditional three-phase machine designs. Moreover, the investigated multiphase machines exhibited higher average value of the electromagnetic torque, while the multiphase PMSM machines with FSCW were further characterized by significantly lower torque pulsations. Originality/value The analyses presented in this paper demonstrate that PMSM with FSCW are advantageous to their counterpart three-phase machines. Specifically, they offer higher performance and are more suitable to work with multiple drives supplying segmented winding system. This ability of using multi-drive supply for one motor offers flexibility and cost reduction while increasing fault tolerant power train system.
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Clark, James H., Lucie A. Pfaltzgraff, Vitaliy L. Budarin, Andrew J. Hunt, Mark Gronnow, Avtar S. Matharu, Duncan J. Macquarrie, and James R. Sherwood. "From waste to wealth using green chemistry." Pure and Applied Chemistry 85, no. 8 (March 27, 2013): 1625–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-12-09-01.

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The availability of chemically rich food supply chain waste (FSCW) gives it considerable potential as a resource for the manufacture of chemicals including materials and fuels. By applying clean chemical technologies to the extraction and conversion of molecules from FSCW, we can aim to produce genuinely green and sustainable products to help meet the legislative and consumer-oriented demands of a sustainable society. Low-temperature microwave (MW) processing is a particularly powerful technology to achieve this aim and is shown to be effective for several different high-volume, geographically diverse biomass types.
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6

Wang, Aimeng, and Shanshan Li. "Investigation of E-Core Modular Permanent Magnet Wind Turbine." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 6, 2020): 1751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071751.

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Under the adverse trend of fossil energy attenuation and air pollution, wind power effectively alleviates the global energy crisis and environmental pollution. For wind turbines, especially large offshore wind turbines, their transportation, installation, and maintenance are very inconvenient. In order to solve this problem, this paper presents an E-core stator modular machine which inserts stator gap into the unwounded teeth of the fractional-slot concentrated winding (FSCW) permanent magnet (PM) machine. The winding factor of the new stator structure machine was derived. The electromagnetic models of 12-slot/10-pole and 12-slot/14-pole modular FSCW PM machines and traditional FSCW PM machines were established using the finite element analysis (FEA) software, and the open-circuit flux density, cogging torque, load torque, loss, and efficiency were simulated and analyzed. The results showed that the modular structure of E-core stator not only simplified the transportation, installation, and maintenance of wind turbines, but also optimized the electromagnetic performance of the 12-slot/14-pole machine, i.e., improved the output torque and operation efficiency.
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7

Jędryczka, Cezary, Dawid Danielczyk, and Wojciech Szeląg. "Torque Ripple Minimization of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine by Modulation of the Phase Currents." Sensors 20, no. 8 (April 23, 2020): 2406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082406.

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This paper deals with the torque ripple minimization method based on the modulation of the phase currents of the permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive. The shape of the supply current waveforms reducing the torque ripple of the machine considered was determined on the basis of finite element analysis (FEA). In the proposed approach, the machine is supplied by a six-leg inverter in order to allow for the injection of zero sequence current harmonics. Two test PMSMs with fractional-slot concentrated windings (FSCW) and surface-mounted permanent magnets (SPMs) have been examined as a case study problem. Wide-range fractional analyses were performed using developed numerical models of the electromagnetic field distribution in the considered machines. The results obtained show that the level of torque ripple in FSCW PMSMs can be effectively reduced by the modulation of the phase currents under the six-leg inverter supply.
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8

Maskell, D. L., and G. S. Woods. "A frequency modulated envelope delay FSCW radar for multiple-target applications." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 49, no. 4 (2000): 710–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/19.863911.

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9

Wang, Keyi, and Heyun Lin. "Modular Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine with Low Space Harmonic Content." Energies 13, no. 15 (July 31, 2020): 3924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153924.

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Modularity technique is desirable in large permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) because it facilitates manufacture, assembly, and maintenance. Although the PMSMs with fractional-slot concentrated windings (FSCWs) allow their stators to be modularized, they usually suffer from high nonworking space harmonic content. The PMSMs with various reported two-slot pitch windings (TSPWs) show much lower nonworking space harmonic content, but they do not support stator modularity. This paper proposes a modular PMSM with a special dual three-phase (DTP) TSPW, which exhibits quite low nonworking space harmonic content. First, the topology of the proposed machine is described in detail. Then, the mechanism of reducing the nonworking space harmonic content of the machine is expounded through winding magnetomotive force (MMF) analysis. Finally, the electromagnetic characteristics of a specific proposed modular PMSM and a conventional modular PMSM with DTP-FSCW are compared by finite element method (FEM), in terms of electromotive force (EMF), armature reaction field, torque performance, efficiency and power factor. The FEM results demonstrate that the proposed machine can realize low space harmonic content while retaining stator modularity.
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Gabov, Viktor, Dmitrii Shishliannikov, Aleksandr Korolev, Aleksei Mikriukov, and Aleksandr Muravskii. "Rationale for the efficient design of a face scraper-type cutting conveyor." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal, no. 1 (February 20, 2023): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2023-1-46-54.

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Introduction. The article considers mechanized underground coal mining efficiency improvement by providing rationale for the efficient design of face scraper conveyors (FSC). It is shown that the creation of FSC adaptive to mining, geological and technological conditions that change as the extraction columns are developed, contributes to the stable operation of mechanized mining complexes for coal mining under continuous operation. Methods of research. As a matter of convenient FSC development and structure analysis, it is advisable to use structural formulae that display functional elements and their relationships in the conveyor design. The construction principle is described and examples of structural formulas are given for the existing FSCs. The factors affecting the FSC structure are specified. Advanced designs of adaptive FSCs should be developed taking into account the possibility of fulfilling more main and auxiliary functions. The concept of a face scraper-type cutting conveyor (FSCC) has been introduced. Results. The structural formula of the FSCC adaptive to complex mining and geological operating conditions is substantiated. The schematic diagram and operation procedure for the FSCC proposed by the authors are described. The described technical solutions provide increased efficiency of coal mining and transportation processes and increased operating stability of the fully-mechanized longwall when operating in complex mining and geological conditions. Conclusions. FSCC systematization and analysis in terms of the functional elements structure and design makes it possible to look for implicit ways to improve these transporting machines, increase their adaptability and efficiency in changing mining, geological and technological operating conditions. The adaptive FSCC described in the article ensures effective profiling of ground in the mine working, intensification of the life-in of coal in the bottom-hole zone of the mined coal seam and separation of cargo flows during the selective extraction of coal and rock or advancing through the geological faults.
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11

Díaz, Luis, Sebastián Velásquez, Ernesto Rincón, Luis Muñoz, Fredy Segura, and Néstor Peña. "Adaptive Filtering for FSCW Signal-to-noise Ratio Enhancement of SAW Interrogation Units." MATEC Web of Conferences 42 (2016): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20164202005.

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Metwly, Mohamed Y., Ahmed Hemeida, Ayman S. Abdel-Khalik, Mostafa S. Hamad, and Shehab Ahmed. "Design and Multi-Objective Optimization of a 12-Slot/10-Pole Integrated OBC Using Magnetic Equivalent Circuit Approach." Machines 9, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9120329.

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Permanent magnet machines (PMs) equipped with fractional slot concentrated windings (FSCWs) have been preferably proposed for electric vehicle (EV) applications. Moreover, integrated on-board battery chargers (OBCs), which employ the powertrain elements in the charging process, promote the zero-emission future envisaged for transportation through the transition to EVs. Based on the available literature, the employed machine, as well as the adopted winding configuration, highly affects the performance of the integrated OBC. However, the optimal design of the FSCW-based PM machine in the charging mode of operation has not been conceived thus far. In this paper, the design and multi-objective optimization of an asymmetrical 12-slot/10-pole integrated OBC based on the efficient magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) approach are presented, shedding light on machine performance during charging mode. An ‘initial’ surface-mounted PM (SPM) machine is first designed based on the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) model. Afterwards, a multi-objective genetic algorithm is utilized to define the optimal machine parameters. Finally, the optimal machine is compared to the ‘initial’ design using finite element (FE) simulations in order to validate the proposed optimization approach and to highlight the performance superiority of the optimal machine over its initial counterpart.
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13

Stelzer, A., M. Pichler, S. Scheiblhofer, and S. Schuster. "Identification of SAW ID-tags using an FSCW interrogation unit and model-based evaluation." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 51, no. 11 (November 2004): 1412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2004.1367480.

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Zhao, Wenxiang, Junqiang Zheng, Jinghua Ji, Shengdao Zhu, and Mei Kang. "Star and Delta Hybrid Connection of a FSCW PM Machine for Low Space Harmonics." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 65, no. 12 (December 2018): 9266–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2807365.

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15

Beniakar, Minos E., Athanasios G. Sarigiannidis, Panagiotis E. Kakosimos, and Antonios G. Kladas. "Evolutionary Optimization of a Fractional Slot Interior Permanent Magnet Motor for a Small Electric Bus." Materials Science Forum 792 (August 2014): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.792.373.

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Fractional Slot Concentrated Winding (FSCW) Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) motors constitute a favorable choice for electric vehicle applications due to their inherent advantages of high efficiency and performance, field weakening capability and permanent magnet effective shielding from eddy currents. In this paper, an IPM motor with buried sinusoidal magnets for a small electric bus is optimized in terms of both efficiency and performance. The overall magnet volume and the corresponding iron bridge width are maintained within specified borders, thus enabling adequate field weakening and permanent magnet shielding margins. In the optimization process a single-objective Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm is utilized, showing great convergence characteristics.
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Brito, Luis Miguel, Ana Luisa Amaro, Isabel Mourão, and João Coutinho. "Transformação da matéria orgânica e do nitrogênio durante a compostagem da fração sólida do chorume bovino." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 32, no. 5 (October 2008): 1959–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832008000500017.

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A fração sólida do chorume (FSC) de duas explorações de pecuária leiteira intensiva (FSC1 e FSC2, recolhidas em fossa aberta e fechada, respectivamente) foi compostada com e sem adição de palha, em pilhas estáticas e em pilhas com revolvimento. A temperatura aumentou rapidamente na FSC1, que foi recolhida mais lentamente, até a máxima diária de 68 °C, registrada na pilha estática com palha. No entanto, a FSC2 não alcançou temperatura superior a 51 °C em qualquer uma das pilhas. A mistura de palha com a FSC aumentou a temperatura no início da compostagem em todas as pilhas, mas as taxas de mineralização da matéria orgânica (MO) não aumentaram. Nas pilhas com revolvimento, a MO potencialmente mineralizável aumentou em comparação com as pilhas estáticas, mas a concentração de N nos compostos finais foi mais elevada nas pilhas sem revolvimento, sugerindo que o revolvimento pode ter aumentado as perdas de N. A relação C/N da FSC diminuiu de forma semelhante em todas as pilhas, desde um valor inicial de 27 ou superior até o valor de 11 a 13 no final da compostagem. A baixa temperatura, a baixa relação C/N e a baixa concentração de NH4+ em combinação com o aumento da concentração de NO3- dos compostos finais indicaram que estes estavam estabilizados. A elevada concentração de MO (720-820 g kg-1) e de N total (30-44 g kg-1) e a baixa condutividade elétrica (inferior a 100 mS m-1) sugerem que os compostos da FSC podem ser utilizados como corretivos orgânicos do solo com benefícios agronômicos e ambientais. No entanto, é necessário continuar a investigar para garantir a higienização do composto, porque a FSC2 não alcançou temperaturas termófilas durante a compostagem.
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Dong, Ting, Juyan Huang, Bing Peng, and Ling Jian. "Influence of unbalanced magnetic force on shaft deflection in permanent magnet synchronous motor with fractional slot concentrated windings." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 64, no. 1-4 (December 10, 2020): 1461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-209466.

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The calculation accuracy of unbalanced magnetic forces (UMF) is very important to the design of rotor length, because it will effect the shaft deflection. But in some permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) with fractional slot concentrated windings (FSCW), the UMF caused by asymmetrical stator topology structure is not considered in the existing deflection calculation, which is very fatal for the operational reliability, especially for the PMSMs with the large length-diameter ratio, such as submersible PMSMs. Therefore, the part of UMF in the asymmetrical stator topology structure PMSMs caused by the choice of pole-slot combinations is analysized in this paper, and a more accurate rotor deflection calculation method is also proposed.
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Fan, Xinggang, Ronghai Qu, Jian Li, Dawei Li, Bin Zhang, and Cong Wang. "Ventilation and Thermal Improvement of Radial Forced Air-Cooled FSCW Permanent Magnet Synchronous Wind Generators." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 53, no. 4 (July 2017): 3447–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2017.2686350.

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Jedryczka, Cezary. "Comparative analysis of the three- and six-phase fractional slot concentrated winding permanent magnet machines." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 36, no. 3 (May 2, 2017): 811–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-09-2016-0431.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse and compare the functional parameters of three- and six-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) with fractional-slot concentrated windings (FSCW). Design/methodology/approach The investigations are focused on the comparison of the distortions of back electromotive force (emf) and magnetomotive force (mmf) waveforms, as well as torque ripples, radial force spatial harmonics and motor performance studies. The finite element models of the test machine and a personally developed computer code have been used to calculate motor characteristics and analyse and synthesise multiphase winding layouts, respectively. Findings Compared with the traditional three-phase PMSM designs, the proposed six-phase machines are characterized by a significantly lower content of sub-harmonics in mmf waveform distribution. Moreover, the investigated six-phase machines exhibited a higher average value of electromagnetic torque, significantly lower torque ripples and a reduced value of low-order harmonics of the radial component of the electromagnetic force in the air-gap of the machine. Originality/value The analyses presented in this paper show that six-phase PMSM with FSCWs are advantageous to their counterpart three-phase machines. Specifically, they are more suited to working with multiple drives supplying a segmented winding system while simultaneously offering higher performance. This suitability to the use of a multi-drive supply for one motor offers flexibility and cost reduction while increasing the fault tolerance of a power train system.
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20

Margaritis, Ioannis, Michael Madas, and Maro Vlachopoulou. "Big Data Applications in Food Supply Chain Management: A Conceptual Framework." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 29, 2022): 4035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074035.

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The paper provides a systematic review and analysis of the current literature on big data (BD) applications in the context of food supply chain management (FSCM) in order to categorize the state-of-the-art research trends exploring the adoption and implementation of big data analytics (BDA) across different segments of food supply chain (FSC). The use of BDA brings the digital transformation of FSCs closer providing sustainable implications and added value to their operation. Harnessing BD’s potential is becoming more and more relevant in addressing the constantly evolving complexities in food systems. However, the field of BD applications in the FSCM domain is severely fragmented and relatively “primitive”. The present research is one of the earliest attempts to recognize and present a comprehensive analysis for the BD applications across different segments of FSC proposing a conceptual framework that illustrates the role of BD in a data-driven FSCM environment. For the purposes of our research, we adopted the systematic literature review (SLR) method aiming at the identification of the dominant categories and themes within the research area. Based on the SLR findings, we propose a conceptual framework that captures the interconnection between FSC performance and BD applications by using the input-process-output (IPO) model within a data-driven FSCM context. The main research contribution lies on the thematic classification of relevant research, the conceptualization of this fragmented field, the development of a conceptual framework, and the presentation of a future research agenda pertaining to BD applications in a data-driven FSCM context.
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Drabek, Tomasz, Piotr Kapustka, Tomasz Lerch, and Jerzy Skwarczyński. "A Novel Approach to Transverse Flux Machine Construction." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 17, 2021): 7690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227690.

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The article presents a concept for a new design of the well-known Transverse Flux Machine (TFM) made with the use of a flat core used in classical electrical machines. The proposed design was first analytically verified and was subsequently verified using the finite element method, which fully corroborated the results. The simulations show that a set of three single-phase TFM machines with slotted flat rotor yokes generates a torque over three times greater than that of an induction motor and twice as large as Fractional Slot Concentrated Winding—Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (FSCW-PMSM). The performed comparative calculations confirmed that the torque generated by machines operating on principles similar to TFM can generate a torque much greater than those currently in common use.
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Xu, Hua, Yaohua Hu, and Jinpeng Yang. "Study on Outer Rotor FSCW Permanent Magnet Machines for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Electric Green Taxiing Systems." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 887 (July 10, 2020): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/887/1/012006.

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Chen, Qixu, Deliang Liang, Shaofeng Jia, Qiji Ze, and Yibin Liu. "Analysis of Winding MMF and Loss for Axial Flux PMSM With FSCW Layout and YASA Topology." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 56, no. 3 (May 2020): 2622–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2020.2981445.

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Liang, Wenyi, Patrick Chi-Kwong Luk, and Weizhong Fei. "Investigation of Magnetic Field Interharmonics and Sideband Vibration in the FSCW IPMSM Drive With the SPWM Technique." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 33, no. 4 (April 2018): 3315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2017.2711062.

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Wu, Fan, Hao Ge, Ayman M. EL-Refaie, Mohammad Farshadnia, Alireza Pouramin, and Rukmi Dutta. "Partially-Coupled d–q–0 Components of Magnetically-Isolated FSCW IPM Machines With Open-End-Winding Drives." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 56, no. 2 (March 2020): 1397–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2020.2964251.

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Chen, Qian, Gaohong Xu, Guohai Liu, Fangfang Zhai, and Stephen Eduku. "Reduction of Torque Ripple Caused by Slot Harmonics in FSCW Spoke-Type FPM Motors by Assisted Poles." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 67, no. 11 (November 2020): 9613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2952815.

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Krasopoulos, Christos, Minos E. Beniakar, Panagiotis E. Kakosimos, Charalambos Patsios, and Antonios G. Kladas. "Design Considerations for an In-Wheel PM Motor with Fractional Slot Concentrated Windings for Light Electric Vehicle Applications." Materials Science Forum 792 (August 2014): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.792.343.

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Design optimization of traction motors for light electric vehicles requires a comparative analysis in order to account for both performance and efficiency, while considering overall cost, size limitations and manufacturing complexity. This paper presents a comparative study on different surface mounted permanent magnet (SMPM) in-wheel motor configurations, facilitating fractional slot concentrated windings (FSCW). On a first step, different pole/ slot combinations were investigated and evaluated in terms of performance primarily. On a second step, different stator geometries were analyzed, considering both double and single layer windings and both equal and unequal stator teeth. Two different operating conditions were taken into account, i.e. nominal load and overload. The most advantageous was selected, by means of efficiency, clean interface and overall weight, using an extensive sensitivity analysis. On a third step, the final geometry was optimized, via fine-tuning of key design variables, accounting for maximum efficiency and minimum machine weight.
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Gao, Xu, Lina Cheng, Xufeng Xue, Shoupei Zhai, Yong Liang, Wen Wang, Mengwei Liu, Jialiang Zhu, and Zhuoyue Li. "Development of Wireless and Passive SAW Temperature Sensor with Very High Accuracy." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 12, 2021): 7422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167422.

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A surface acoustic wave (SAW) temperature sensor with high accuracy was developed and wirelessly characterized in this work. The sensing chip with reflective delay line pattern was simulated using typical coupling of modes (COM) model and prepared by the standard photolithographic technique. Sharp reflection peaks with high signal-to-noise (SNR) were observed from the developed sensing chip operating at 433 MHz. Referring to the frequency-stepped continuous wave (FSCW)-based transceiver, planar antennas, and the developed SAW chip, the wireless and passive temperature sensor system was built. Adaptive Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm was used for the first time in the SAW sensor signal processing to significantly improve the system SNR, and the corresponding phase fluctuation is down to only 3°. High temperature sensitivity of 36.5 °C and very high accuracy of ±0.2 °C in the range of −30 °C∼100 °C were achieved successfully by wireless measurement.
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Zhang, Jiaxu, Bingyi Zhang, and Guihong Feng. "Influence of Introducing the Rotor MMF Harmonic on Torque Performance of Spoke Type Permanent Magnet Motor With FSCW." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 196123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3034667.

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Ullah, Zia, and Jin Hur. "Analysis of Inter-Turn-Short Fault in an FSCW IPM Type Brushless Motor Considering Effect of Control Drive." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 56, no. 2 (March 2020): 1356–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2019.2961878.

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Cheng, Luming, Yi Sui, Ping Zheng, Zuosheng Yin, and Chuanze Wang. "Influence of Stator MMF Harmonics on the Utilization of Reluctance Torque in Six-Phase PMA-SynRM with FSCW." Energies 11, no. 1 (January 3, 2018): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11010108.

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Chu, Guoyu, Rukmi Dutta, Alireza Pouramin, and Muhammed Fazlur Rahman. "Analysis of Torque Ripple of a Spoke-Type Interior Permanent Magnet Machine." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 5, 2020): 2886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112886.

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This paper investigates the theoretical reasons behind the low torque ripple of a fractional-slot concentrated-winding (FSCW) spoke-type interior permanent-magnet (IPM) machine obtained via a genetic algorithm-based optimization. To better understand the torque performance of the IPMM, this paper uses the frozen permeability method to segregate the overall torque into four components—magnet torque, reluctance torque, cogging torque, and the torque caused by cross-magnetization. Equations and detailed procedures of the torque separation method are discussed in the paper. Analysis of the separated torque components reveals that the counteraction between ripples of different torques leads to the low torque ripple. At high-load conditions, the magnetic saturation alters the torque ripples caused by cross-magnetization to offset ripples of other components resulting in minimization of the overall torque ripple. A detailed parametric analysis of the geometric parameters was carried out to understand their effect in producing minimum torque ripple in the optimized design. In the end, a prototype was built and used for the verification of the torque separation method and the analytical findings based on it.
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Gold, David. "Students Writing Race at Southern Public Women's Colleges, 1884–1945." History of Education Quarterly 50, no. 2 (May 2010): 182–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2010.00259.x.

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Scholars have long debated the complicity of Southern white women after the Civil War in helping create a racialist and racist regional identity and denying or delaying civil rights for African Americans. These studies have largely focused on the activities of elite white women property owners, club members, and writers. Yet few scholars have examined college women's activities in this regard, particularly those of the eight public colleges for women established in the South between 1884 and 1908: Mississippi State College for Women (MSCW) (1884), Georgia State College for Women (1889), Winthrop College in South Carolina (1891), North Carolina College for Women (NCCW) (1891), Alabama College for Women (ACW) (1893), Texas State College for Women (TSCW) (1901), Florida State College for Women (FSCW) (1905), and Oklahoma College for Women (1908). Little studied today, these schools served as important centers of women's education in their states, collectively educating approximately 100,000 women before World War II and with combined enrollments exceeding that of the Seven Sisters schools for many years.
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Wu, Fan, Ayman M. EL-Refaie, and Ping Zheng. "Diagnosis and Remediation of Single-Turn Short Circuit in a Multiphase FSCW PM Machine Based on T-type Equivalent Circuit." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 56, no. 1 (January 2020): 158–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2019.2946525.

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Campanelli, Leonardo Contri, Nelson Guedes de Alcântara, and Jorge Fernandez dos Santos. "Soldagem por ponto no estado sólido de ligas leves." Soldagem & Inspeção 16, no. 3 (September 2011): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-92242011000300011.

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A recente preocupação quanto às mudanças climáticas vem impulsionando pesquisas em eficiência energética dos meios de transportes no sentido de reduzir a emissão de gases. Uma das principais soluções consiste na redução do peso estrutural através da aplicação de novos materiais, como as ligas leves de alumínio e magnésio. Entretanto, novos usos ficam muitas vezes limitados pela dificuldade de união desses materiais. A técnica de soldagem por fricção e mistura (FSW) é um processo de união no estado sólido que surge como uma alternativa viável para substituir ou complementar as tecnologias de união consagradas. Como uma junta contínua não é sempre a requisitada, duas tecnologias de união por ponto derivadas do FSW estão em desenvolvimento: soldagem por fricção e mistura por ponto (FSSW) e soldagem por fricção por ponto (FSpW). Além de fornecerem juntas de elevada resistência e praticamente isentas de defeitos, estas técnicas apresentam alta eficiência energética, curto ciclo de soldagem, facilidade de automação e compatibilidade com o meio-ambiente, fazendo frente às técnicas convencionais de união por ponto, como a soldagem por resistência por ponto (RSW) e a rebitagem.
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Santos, Natanael Antonio dos, Adriana Bastos Oliveira, Renata Maria Toscano Barreto Lyra Nogueira, Melyssa Kellyane Cavalcanti, and Maria Lúcia de Bustamante Simas. "Detecção de estímulos radiais e espaciais em adultos e idosos." Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa 23, no. 3 (September 2007): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-37722007000300011.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar curvas de sensibilidade ao contraste para estímulos radiais (FSCr) e grades senoidais (FSC) de 0,25, 0,5, 1 e 2 cpg em adultos e idosos. Mensuramos limiares de contraste para seis adultos jovens e seis idosos utilizando o método psicofísico da escolha forçada. Todos estavam livres de doenças oculares e tinham acuidade visual normal. Os idosos apresentaram prejuízos na FSC e FSCr se comparados aos adultos jovens. A sensibilidade dos adultos e idosos foi maior para grades senoidais (FSC) do que para estímulos radiais (FSCr). Esses resultados sugerem que esses estímulos podem ser processados por áreas visuais distintas.
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Chen, Qixu, Guoli Li, Zhe Qian, Wenping Cao, and Qunjing Wang. "Analysis of winding MMF of PMSM with multi-phase and multi-layer layout using holospectrum method." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 68, no. 4 (April 8, 2022): 387–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-210025.

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A holographic spectrum method (HSM) of multi-phase and multi-layer winding magnetomotive force (MMF) for 12-slot/10-pole combination with fractional-slot concentrated-winding (FSCW) is proposed in this paper. Taking two kinds of traditional winding layout as example, amplitude and phase distribution of the vth harmonic are calculated. The holospectrum of the multi-phase and multi-layer winding are derived based on three-phase single-layer (TP-SL) and three-phase double-layer (TP-DL) holospectrum theory. Then the finite element method (FEM) is used to validate the resultant winding MMF calculated by the holospectrum method. Results show that two methods have a good consistency in changing tendency. Prototype manufacture and test of axial-flux PMSM with a double-three-phase four-layer (DTP-FL) winding have been completed. A load experiment with two groups of resistance is established to validate its output power of axial-flux permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM). The temperature distribution of axial-flux PMSM is evaluated with PT100 and infrared thermal imager. The experiments shows that the axial-flux PMSM runs at a relative temperature rise.
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O'Reilly, Alana M., Hsiu-Hsiang Lee, and Michael A. Simon. "Integrins control the positioning and proliferation of follicle stem cells in the Drosophila ovary." Journal of Cell Biology 182, no. 4 (August 25, 2008): 801–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200710141.

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Adult stem cells are maintained in specialized microenvironments called niches, which promote self-renewal and prevent differentiation. In this study, we show that follicle stem cells (FSCs) in the Drosophila melanogaster ovary rely on cues that are distinct from those of other ovarian stem cells to establish and maintain their unique niche. We demonstrate that integrins anchor FSCs to the basal lamina, enabling FSCs to maintain their characteristic morphology and position. Integrin-mediated FSC anchoring is also essential for proper development of differentiating prefollicle cells that arise from asymmetrical FSC divisions. Our results support a model in which FSCs contribute to the formation and maintenance of their own niche by producing the integrin ligand, laminin A (LanA). Together, LanA and integrins control FSC proliferation rates, a role that is separable from their function in FSC anchoring. Importantly, LanA-integrin function is not required to maintain other ovarian stem cell populations, demonstrating that distinct pathways regulate niche–stem cell communication within the same organ.
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Fan, Xinggang, Bin Zhang, Ronghai Qu, Dawei Li, Jian Li, and Yongsheng Huo. "Comparative Thermal Analysis of IPMSMs With Integral-Slot Distributed-Winding (ISDW) and Fractional-Slot Concentrated-Winding (FSCW) for Electric Vehicle Application." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 55, no. 4 (July 2019): 3577–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2019.2903187.

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40

Metwly, Mohamed Y., Mahmoud S. Abdel-Majeed, Ayman S. Abdel-Khalik, Ragi A. Hamdy, Mostafa S. Hamad, and Shehab Ahmed. "A Review of Integrated On-Board EV Battery Chargers: Advanced Topologies, Recent Developments and Optimal Selection of FSCW Slot/Pole Combination." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 85216–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2992741.

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41

Kumar, Akshat, and Shlomo Zilberstein. "History-Based Controller Design and Optimization for Partially Observable MDPs." Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling 25 (April 8, 2015): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icaps.v25i1.13730.

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Partially observable MDPs provide an elegant framework forsequential decision making. Finite-state controllers (FSCs) are often used to represent policies for infinite-horizon problems as they offer a compact representation, simple-to-execute plans, and adjustable tradeoff between computational complexityand policy size. We develop novel connections between optimizing FSCs for POMDPs and the dual linear programfor MDPs. Building on that, we present a dual mixed integer linear program (MIP) for optimizing FSCs. To assign well-defined meaning to FSC nodes as well as aid in policy search, we show how to associate history-based features with each FSC node. Using this representation, we address another challenging problem, that of iteratively deciding which nodes to add to FSC to get a better policy. Using an efficient off-the-shelf MIP solver, we show that this new approach can find compact near-optimal FSCs for severallarge benchmark domains, and is competitive with previous best approaches.
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Nasir, Tauqir, Mohammed Asmael, Qasim Zeeshan, and Davut Solyali. "Applications of Machine Learning to Friction Stir Welding Process Optimization." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 32, no. 2 (May 30, 2020): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2020-32(2)-01.

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Machine learning (ML) is a branch of artificial intelligent which involve the study and development of algorithm for computer to learn from data. A computational method used in machine learning to learn or get directly information from data without relying on a prearranged model equation. The applications of ML applied in the domains of all industries. In the field of manufacturing the ability of ML approach is utilized to predict the failure before occurrence. FSW and FSSW is an advanced form of friction welding and it is a solid state joining technique which is mostly used to weld the dissimilar alloys. FSW, FSSW has become a dominant joining method in aero-space, railway and ship building industries. It observed that the number of applications of machine learning increased in FSW, FSSW process which sheared the Machine-learning approaches like, artificial Neural Network (ANN), Regression model (RSM), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The main purpose of this study is to review and summarize the emerging research work of machine learning techniques in FSW and FSSW. Previous researchers demonstrate that the Machine Learning applications applied to predict the response of FSW and FSSW process. The prediction in error percentage in result of ANN and RSM model in overall is less than 5%. In comparison between ANN/RSM the obtain result shows that ANN is provide better and accurate than RSM. In application of SVM algorithm the prediction accuracy found 100% for training and testing process.
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Mastilović, Jasna, Dragan Kukolj, Žarko Kevrešan, Gordana Ostojić, Renata Kovač, Marina Đerić, and Dragana Ubiparip Samek. "Emerging Perspectives of Blockchains in Food Supply Chain Traceability Based on Patent Analysis." Foods 12, no. 5 (February 28, 2023): 1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12051036.

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In the field of blockchain (BC) technology application in the food supply chain (FSC), a patent portfolio is collected, described, and analyzed using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) modeling, with the aim of obtaining insight into technology trends in this emerging and promising field. A patent portfolio consisting of 82 documents was extracted from patent databases using PatSnap software. The analysis of latent topics using LDA indicates that inventions related to the application of BCs in FSCs are patented in four key areas: (A) BC-supported tracing and tracking in FSCs; (B) devices and methods supporting application of BCs in FSCs; (C) combining BCs and other ICT technologies in FSC; and (D) BC-supported trading in FSCs. Patenting of BC technology applications in FSCs started during the second decade of the 21st century. Consequently, patent forward citation has been relatively low, while the family size confirms that application of BCs in FSCs is not yet widely accepted. A significant increase in the number of patent applications was registered after 2019, indicating that the number of potential users in FSCs is expected to grow over time. The largest numbers of patents originate from China, India, and the US.
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Zhang, Gan, Qing Tong, Taixun Zhang, Jinxin Tao, and Anjian Qiu. "Design of a High Torque Density Robot Joint and Analysis of Force Control Method Applied for a Light Exoskeleton." Electronics 12, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020397.

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In many robotic applications, the joint is required to have a small volume, low weight and high torque output. In this paper, based on the finite element analysis (FEA), a 36-slot 40-pole outer rotor surface-mounted permanent magnet (OR-SPM) motor with concentrated winding is designed for the exoskeleton robot. The fractional slot concentrated winding (FSCW) is employed to reduce end winding height, leading better portability. Since the motor is relatively flat, the 3D end effect is critical to the electromagnetic performances. Special attention is paid to 3D end effect during the multi-objective optimization of the OR–SPM motor. In order to increase the ending torque output, the planetary reducer is located between OR–SPM motor and load, and then system level optimization covering motor and reducer is carried out to achieve best torque output. In addition, the force impendence control method with parameter self-adaptive capability is proposed to improve user experience of the exoskeleton robot, where the key parameters in the algorithm vary according to different actions of the exoskeleton. In addition, the inertia of load is calculated using the parameter identification based on least squares method. Finally, the prototype of the joint is fabricated and tested to validate the above FEA results and control method. The user experience of the exoskeleton robot is also covered.
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Shah, Netra. "Technology Adoption in Food Supply Chain Management in Developing Countries: A Review." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 12, no. 3 (February 28, 2023): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.c3961.0212323.

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Food loss and waste is one of the major reasons for global food insecurity. Food losses occur at all stages of the food supply chain, including agricultural produce, harvesting, transport, storage, and processing. Food loss and waste are exacerbated by a lack of adequate and effective food supply chain management (FSCM). An effective food supply chain (FSC) includes designing processing and distribution centres, managing the cold chain, and designing reverse logistics. It also includes functions like allocating warehouse storage capacity, vehicle routing and material flow issues, delivery scheduling, and inventory management issues. Adoption of new information technology such as big data and Internet of Things can improve FSC performance and have a significant impact on reducing food waste and loss. An effective system for sharing information can enhance FCC performance, and intelligence in automated retail ordering can prevent food spoilage, while machine learning, and blockchain can improve FSC traceability. However, there are several obstacles to the use of technology in the FSC, particularly in developing countries. These are classified as technical, financial, social, operational, educational, and governmental. This paper provides an in-depth review of the existing literature on the FSC, technology applications in improving FSCM, key challenges associated with technology adoption, and interventions that may help overcome these challenges. It adds to the existing literature on FSCM, especially on issues related to technology adoption in the FSC by developing countries, and is a useful resource for students, researchers and food supply chain professionals.
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Iftikhar, Syed Haris, Abdel-Hamid Ismail Mourad, Jamal Sheikh-Ahmad, Fahad Almaskari, and S. Vincent. "A Comprehensive Review on Optimal Welding Conditions for Friction Stir Welding of Thermoplastic Polymers and Their Composites." Polymers 13, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13081208.

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Friction stir welding (FSW) and friction stir spot welding (FSSW) techniques are becoming widely popular joining techniques because of their increasing potential applications in automotive, aerospace, and other structural industries. These techniques have not only successfully joined similar and dissimilar metal and polymer parts but have also successfully developed polymer-metallic hybrid joints. This study classifies the literature available on the FSW and FSSW of thermoplastic polymers and polymer composites on the basis of joining materials (similar or dissimilar), joint configurations, tooling conditions, medium conditions, and study types. It provides a state-of-the-art and detailed review of the experimental studies available on the FSW and FSSW between similar thermoplastics. The mechanical properties of FSW (butt- and lap-joint configurations) and FSSW weld joints depend on various factors. These factors include the welding process parameters (tool rotational speed, tool traverse speed, tool tilt angle, etc.), base material, tool geometry (pin and shoulder size, pin profile, etc.) and tool material, and medium conditions (submerged, non-submerged, heat-assisted tooling, cooling-assisted tooling). Because of the dependence on many factors, it is difficult to optimize the welding conditions to obtain a high-quality weld joint with superior mechanical properties. The general guidelines are established by reviewing the available literature. These guidelines, if followed, will help to achieve high-quality weld joints with least defects and superior mechanical properties. Apart from parametric-based studies, the statistical-based studies (e.g., analysis of variance (ANOVA)-based studies) are covered, which helps with the determination of the influential parameters that affect the FSW and FSSW weld joint strength. Also, the optimal ranges of the most influential process parameters for different thermoplastic materials are established. The current work on the development of general guidelines and determination of influential parameters and their operating ranges from published literature can help with designing smart future experimental studies for obtaining the global optimum welding conditions. The gaps in the available literature and recommendations for future studies are also discussed.
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Santos, Natanael Antonio dos, Valtenice de Cássia Rodrigues de Matos França, and Príscilla Anny de Araújo Alves. "Diferenças na detecção de frequências espaciais e radiais em crianças." Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa 25, no. 4 (December 2009): 581–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-37722009000400013.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar curvas de sensibilidade ao contraste para estímulos radiais (FSCr) e grades senoidais (FSC) de 0,25, 0,5, 1 e 2 cpg em crianças de 6 a 13 anos. Foram mensurados limiares de contraste para 40 crianças, utilizando o método psicofísico da escolha forçada e níveis baixos de luminância. Todas estavam livres de doenças oculares e tinham acuidade visual normal. Os resultados mostraram que a sensibilidade das crianças foi maior para grades senoidais (FSC) do que para estímulos radiais (FSCr). Esses resultados sugerem que esses estímulos podem ser processados por áreas visuais distintas.
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48

Kaur, Amanpreet, Gurpreet Singh, Vinay Kukreja, Sparsh Sharma, Saurabh Singh, and Byungun Yoon. "Adaptation of IoT with Blockchain in Food Supply Chain Management: An Analysis-Based Review in Development, Benefits and Potential Applications." Sensors 22, no. 21 (October 25, 2022): 8174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22218174.

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In today’s scenario, blockchain technology is an emerging area and promising technology in the field of the food supply chain industry (FSCI). A literature survey comprising an analytical review of blockchain technology with the Internet of things (IoT) for food supply chain management (FSCM) is presented to better understand the associated research benefits, issues, and challenges. At present, with the concept of farm-to-fork gaining increasing popularity, food safety and quality certification are of critical concern. Blockchain technology provides the traceability of food supply from the source, i.e., the seeding factories, to the customer’s table. The main idea of this paper is to identify blockchain technology with the Internet of things (IoT) devices to investigate the food conditions and various issues faced by transporters while supplying fresh food. Blockchain provides applications such as smart contracts to monitor, observe, and manage all transactions and communications among stakeholders. IoT technology provides approaches for verifying all transactions; these transactions are recorded and then stored in a centralized database system. Thus, IoT enables a safe and cost-effective FSCM system for stakeholders. In this paper, we contribute to the awareness of blockchain applications that are relevant to the food supply chain (FSC), and we present an analysis of the literature on relevant blockchain applications which has been conducted concerning various parameters. The observations in the present survey are also relevant to the application of blockchain technology with IoT in other areas.
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Hartman, Tiffiney R., Daniel Zinshteyn, Heather K. Schofield, Emmanuelle Nicolas, Ami Okada, and Alana M. O'Reilly. "Drosophila Boi limits Hedgehog levels to suppress follicle stem cell proliferation." Journal of Cell Biology 191, no. 5 (November 22, 2010): 943–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201007142.

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Stem cells depend on signals from cells within their microenvironment, or niche, as well as factors secreted by distant cells to regulate their maintenance and function. Here we show that Boi, a Hedgehog (Hh)-binding protein, is a novel suppressor of proliferation of follicle stem cells (FSCs) in the Drosophila ovary. Hh is expressed in apical cells, distant from the FSC niche, and diffuses to reach FSCs, where it promotes FSC proliferation. We show that Boi is expressed in apical cells and exerts its suppressive effect on FSC proliferation by binding to and sequestering Hh on the apical cell surface, thereby inhibiting Hh diffusion. Our studies demonstrate that cells distant from the local niche can regulate stem cell function through ligand sequestration, a mechanism that likely is conserved in other epithelial tissues.
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50

Yang, X. W., T. Fu, and W. Y. Li. "Friction Stir Spot Welding: A Review on Joint Macro- and Microstructure, Property, and Process Modelling." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/697170.

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Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is a very useful variant of the conventional friction stir welding (FSW), which shows great potential to be a replacement of single-point joining processes like resistance spot welding and riveting. There have been many reports and some industrial applications about FSSW. Based on the open literatures, the process features and variants, macro- and microstructural characteristics, and mechanical properties of the resultant joints and numerical simulations of the FSSW process were summarized. In addition, some applications of FSSW in aerospace, aviation, and automobile industries were also reviewed. Finally, the current problems and issues that existed in FSSW were indicated.
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