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Sardadvar, Karin. "»Schwere Arbeit machen Männer« - Deutungen von Differenz und Strukturen der Ungleichheit in der Reinigungsbranche." De Gruyter, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fs-2016-0011.
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Magwaza, Goodwill. "Dichotic recall indices of lateralized cerebral processing of abstract, concrete and emotional Zulu word stimuli in FS+ and FS- dextrals." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13485.
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Bibliography: leaves 131-138.This thesis reports a basic cognitive neuropsychological experiment which employed an original dichotic recall test to assess lateralized cerebral processing of abstract, concrete and emotional Zulu word stimuli among 32 male and 30 female dextral (right- handed) Zulu-speakers, consisting of 14 males and 12 females with sinistral (left-handed) blood relatives (FS+ ~ and 18 males and 18 females with no sinistral blood relatives (FS-). The present dichotic listening experiment investigated whether abstract word stimuli are recalled more poorly or better than either concrete or emotional word stimuli, and whether concrete word stimuli are recalled better or more poorly than emotional word stimuli. It also investigated whether recall of abstract, concrete and emotional word stimuli yield a right ear advantage CREA) or left ear advantage (LEA).
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Orisch, Andreas. "Erzeugung hoher Harmonischer an Festkörperoberflächen mit Fs-Laserimpulsen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962819468.
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Maier, Markus. "Fs-Photoelektronenspektroskopie an massenselektierten Natrium-, Silber- und Siliziumclustern." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.freidok.uni-freiburg.de/volltexte/819.
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Sewart, Andrew Paul. "The fate and behaviour of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls in sewage sludge : amended agricultural soils and their potential transfer into terrestrial foodchain via lactating cattle." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261004.
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Wössner, Dirk. "Direkte Beobachtung atomarer Stossprozesse mit ns- und fs-Laserpulsen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=965111814.
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Hållberg, Richard. "Produktion BM/FS. Produktionsavsnitt Färdigställning : Interna Reklamationer*Process*Kostnader." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-90643.
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Denna rapport beskriver projektarbetet om tydliggörandet av vilka och hur mycket resurser som krävs i samband med interna reklamationer på copyprodukter samt skapandet av en beräkningsmall som tydliggör kostnaderna vid dessa reklamationer. Målet är att beräkningsmallen ska tydliggöra vilka kostnader det blir för interna reklamationer och därmed öka förståelsen för hur viktigt det är att alltid tillverka produkter med rätt kvalitet i alla processavsnitt genom hela produktionen. För att belysa vilka och hur mycket resurser som krävs för att ta hand om interna reklamationer på copyprodukter har berörda befattningar intervjuats efter en enhetlig intervjumall. Intervjumallen belyser frågor som vad respektive befattning har för huvuduppgift i samband med interna reklamationer, hur många arbetstimmar som krävs för varje befattning och vilka kostnader som uppstår. Resultaten av sammanställningen för interna reklamationer för copyprodukter redogörs. Beräkning av kostnader för interna reklamationer för copyprodukter tydliggörs genom tre tabeller. Kostnader för intern/extern personal och produktions-bortfall per maskin beräknas i en framtagen beräkningsmall. Kostnader för förbrukningsmaterialen redogörs. Därefter visas alla kostnader i en pivottabell. Förslag ges på hur en förbättring av kvalitén på copyprodukter kan ske för att undvika problem som interna reklamationer.This report describes the project work on the clarification of the nature and the amound of resources required in relation to internal complaints of copy products and the creation of a culculation template that clarifies the costs of these complaints. The goal is to estmate the model is to clarify what cost it will be for internal clains and thereby increase understanding of how important it is to always produce products with the right at all process stages throughout production. To illustrate what and how much resources it takes to take care of internal complaints of copy products have been affected positions were interviewed by a single interviewer template. Interview template highlights issuses such as what each position has the primary task in the context of internal complaints, how many hours required for each position and which costs are incurred. The results of the compilation of internal complaints of copy products are described, calculating the costs of internal complaints of copy products is clarified through three tables costs of internal/external staff and loss of production per machine culculated in a developed culation template. Costs of consumable materials are described. Then all costs in a Pivottable. Suggestions are given for the improvement of the quality of copy products can be done to avoid the problems that internal complaints.
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Elawa, AMR. "Översyn av skyddsanordning samt nollpunkt för fördelningsstationen Fs Myrängen." Thesis, KTH, Elektroteknisk teori och konstruktion, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-160544.
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This is a report of a Master’s thesis done in behalf of the local network in Stockholm, under Fortum Distribution AB. The thesis was to conduct a review of a distribution station named Fs Myrängen located in Täby. A model was created for the 11 kV network linked to the secondary side of Fs Myrängen. Based on this model and using symmetrical components, theoretical fault currents (short circuit and ground fault) could be calculated. The results of these fault currents are used to investigate and develop new settings for relay protection and ground equipment in the station. The results of the calculated fault currents were also used to investigate unwanted voltages that occurs for grounded parts due to earth faults. The value of these unwanted voltages was then compared to heavy current regulations developed by the Electrical Safety Authority in Sweden. Another element of the work was to create a rehabilitation plan for the structure on the 11 kV side of Fs Myrängen, the main goal regarding the rehabilitation plan was to investigate the advantages and disadvantages that exist at a possible transition to numerical protection relays. This was done by making a market overview of the different types of numerical protection relays and compare these with the existing analog protective device in Fs Myrängen. The study showed that protective relay settings should be revised according to the recommendations in the report, ground equipment should be replaced with a self-regulating type, transformers should be replaced due to age and capacity limitations. Regarding a switch to numerical protection relays the type REF615 from ABB was recommended, in that case the control board in the station should be replaced to a station computer. Furthermore should current transformers be replaced to recive a desired sensitivity regarding detection of ground faults. The report also showed that Fs Myrängen meets the regulations of unwanted voltages over grounded parts in distribution stations due to earth faults.Detta är en rapport av ett examensarbete utfört i uppdrag av lokalnät Stockholm under Fortum Distribution AB. Examensarbetet gick ut på att göra en översyn av en fördelningsstation vid namn Fs Myrängen som är belägen i Täby. En modell skapades av 11 kV nätet kopplat till Fs Myrängen, utifrån denna modell samt med hjälp av symmetriska komponenter beräknades teoretiska felströmmar både för kortslutning och jordslutning. Resultaten av dessa felströmmar användes för att utreda och ta fram inställningar på reläskydd och nollpunktsutrustning i stationen. Resultaten på framräknade jordfelsströmmar användes även för att utreda vilken spänningssättning som uppstår vid jordfel, i de nätstationer som matas av Fs Myrängen. Spänningssättningen på nätstationerna jämfördes sedan med de starkströmsföreskrifter som är framtagna av elsäkerhetsverket. Ett annat moment i arbetet var att skapa en upprustningsplan för skyddsanordningen på 11 kV sidan i Fs Myrängen, huvudmålet för den biten var att utreda vilka fördelar och nackdelar som finns vid en eventuell övergång till numeriska skydd. Detta gjordes genom att göra en marknadsöversikt över olika typer av numeriska reläskydd, samt jämföra dessa med den befintliga skyddsanordningen i Myrängen som är av analog typ. Studien visade att reläskyddsinställningar bör ses över enligt rekommendationer i rapporten, nollpunktsutrustningen bör bytas ut till självreglerande typ, transformatorerna bör bytas ut p.g.a. ålder och kapacitetsbegränsning. Gällande skyddsanordningen rekommenderas en övergång till numeriska skydd av typen REF615, och i samband med detta byta ut den befintliga kontrolltavlan i stationen till en stationsdator. Vidare bör även strömtransformatorer för jordfelsskydden bytas ut för att uppnå önskad känslighet gällande detektering av jordfel. För spänningssättning av nätstationer vid jordfel, visar resultaten att stationen uppfyller kraven enligt starkströmsföreskrifterna från elsäkerhetsverket.
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Müdder, Thomas. "Untersuchung der Relaxationsdynamik von Silberkolloiden mit fs-zeitauflösender transienter Absorptionsspektroskopie." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967209374.
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Åberg, Annika. "Fate and exposure assessment of PCDD/Fs at contaminated sites." Licentiate thesis, Umeå University, Chemistry, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-5717.
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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDFs) belong to the most toxic compounds known to science and they are defined as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) under the Stock-holm Convention. The general human exposure to PCDD/Fs is primarily through dietary intake. The importance of contaminated sites as secondary PCDD/F sources (i.e. sources that once received its contamination from a primary source) are getting increased attention. To be able to assess the risks for human exposure at PCDD/F contaminated sites, the environmen-tal distribution of PCDD/Fs and the potential mobilization between dif-ferent environmental media (e.g. food chain transfer) must be known. The primary aim of the work presented in this thesis was to investigate human exposure pathways associated with PCDD/F contaminated sites by combining field measurements and modeling. Site specific field measurements were made at a PCDD/F contaminated site in Sweden and multimedia modeling scenarios were evaluated against site specific data and national reference data.
The results show that the congener distributions in exposure media affected by contaminated soil may differ significantly from the distribu-tions found in media from reference locations. Higher chlorinated PCDD/Fs may be transferred into food chains where they contribute to a large fraction of the toxic equivalent concentration (TEQ). Ingestion of locally produced animal food may be an important exposure pathway al-ready at low or moderate PCDD/F soil concentrations. However, the con-gener composition of the source is critical for the exposure. The signifi-cance of the individual exposure routes varies depending on e.g. the spatial distribution and magnitude of the soil contamination, the pro-perties of the exposure media and the human behavior. Multimedia mo-deling can be used in risk assessments as long as model algorithms and model parameters are representative for the superhydrophobic properties of PCDD/Fs. However, selection of physical-chemical PCDD/F properties is a challenge due to large variation in reported values. For some proper-ties, data is scattered or completely lacking
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Bannwarth, Stephan [Verfasser]. "Robuste Sigma-Delta Wandler durch fs/2-Modulation / Stephan Bannwarth." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1049361873/34.
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Massow, Ole [Verfasser]. "Das "Sehende Skalpell" : OCT-navigierte fs-Laser Mikrochirurgie / Ole Massow." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1008374016/34.
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Hofmann, Martina. "Kvinnor och internationell tjänst." Thesis, Swedish National Defence College, Swedish National Defence College, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-75.
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Trots satsningar på att rekrytera fler kvinnor har Försvarsmakten fortfarande en låg andel kvinnor anställda i myndigheten.
Försvarsmakten har svårt att fullfölja kraven på en ökad andel kvinnor på alla nivåer i internationell tjänst med knappt fem procent kvinnliga yrkesofficerare. Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka vilka förutsättningar som fanns att rekrytera kvinnor till två missioner i Afghanistan, FS 14 och FS 15, att jämföra de båda missionernas rekrytering, samt att beskriva hur väl Försvarsmakten nådde upp till regeringens krav avseende kvinnlig representation i internationell tjänst.
Uppsatsen beskriver först de förutsättningar, dokument och andra styrande faktorer som ligger till grund för rekryteringen. Därefter jämförs resultaten för de båda missionerna och diskuterar de likheter och skillnader som finns.
Undersökningen visar att förutsättningarna att rekrytera kvinnor till FS 14 och FS 15 inte var särskilt goda med tanke på de fåtal procent kvinnliga yrkesofficerare som var anställda i Försvarsmakten. Intressant är att de två missionerna lyckades olika väl med rekryteringen av kvinnor, där FS 15 rekryterade fler trots ett mindre rekryteringsunderlag.
En slutsats är att den rekryteringsprocessens utformning bidrar till det låga antal kvinnor i internationell tjänst.
The Swedish Armed Forces is an organization having difficulties achieving a higher representation of women, nationally as well as internationally. Since the founding of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 in year 2000, which addresses the issue women, peace and security, the Swedish Government has formed an action plan demanding more women to be recruited to the Armed Forces. A variety of measures have been taken but women are still not even a minority among officers at only 4.7 percent. This thesis studies and compares the female representation in two missions to Afghanistan in 2008. The study is based on literature and statistics. The results do not attempt to picture a general image of the conditions applying to recruiting women, since the study is reduced to two missions in 2008. It can, however give some general indications since the statistics can be applied to the representation of women in the Swedish Armed Forces in general.
The results show that the Swedish Armed Forces did not manage to recruit enough women to either of the missions in order to fulfil the demand set by the government. Never the less, this study shows that the Armed Forces was not far from reaching the goals set by the Swedish government in the category female officers. A possible explanation to the negative results is the way the recruitment process is constituted together with the lack of precise instructions concerning the recruitment of women.
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Baum, Peter. "Phasengekoppelte, weit abstimmbare 7-fs-Lichtimpulse zur Untersuchung ultraschneller molekularer Dephasierung." Diss., lmu, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-43757.
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Emons, Moritz [Verfasser]. "Sub-10-fs-Laserpulse für die Zwei-Photonen-Polymerisation / Moritz Emons." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2013. http://d-nb.info/1042067392/34.
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Mason, Michael Brett. "A sub-50 fs titanium-sapphire chirped pulse amplification laser system." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326264.
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Silva, Tomás. "A influência dos “média” em situações de alteração da ordem pública: Pontos de vista Policiais e dos Jornalistas." Master's thesis, Academia Militar. Direção de Ensino, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/7366.
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Perante a crise que se vive em Portugal, são cada vez mais recorrentes as manifestações de desagrado e desaprovação perante medidas de austeridade.
Os Órgãos de Comunicação Social (OCS) surgem cada vez mais como um
interveniente presente neste tipo de situações.
O presente Trabalho de Investigação Aplicada (TIA) tem como tema: “A influência
dos “média” em situações de alteração da ordem pública: Pontos de vista Policiais e dos Jornalistas”. O objetivo geral é compreender se a atuação dos média influencia as operações policiais das forças de segurança (FS) numa situação de ordem pública (OP).
Numa primeira parte faz-se o enquadramento teórico de suporte à investigação.
Numa segunda parte, apresenta-se um estudo de caso: a manifestação de 14 de Novembro
de 2012 em frente à Assembleia da República (AR). Faz-se uma descrição dos factos, bem
como um resumo das reações de algumas personalidades. Complementa-se essa
abordagem com os resultados das entrevistas efetuadas aos profissionais das FS e aos média, intervenientes nesta situação.
Desta análise concluiu-se que a presença dos média influencia a preparação imediata das FS, bem como a sua atuação. Também se apura que os procedimentos jornalísticos não seguem um padrão definido para este tipo de situações. Finalmente, verifica-se que, pelo menos no que se refere ao caso estudado, a perceção do comportamento recíproco na situação em estudo de jornalistas e elementos da Força de Segurança mostra-se positivo.
Em suma, conclui-se nesta investigação que a atuação dos profissionais dos média
condiciona as operações policiais em situações de alteração de OP.Abstract Given the crisis situation we are facing in Portugal, demonstrations of displeasure and disapproval against more austerity measures are increasingly recurrent. The media are progressively emerging as an active intervenient in such situations. This Applied Research Essay (TIA) has as its theme: "The influence of the media in situations of public disorder: Police and Journalists ´points of view." The overall goal is to understand if the role of the media influences police operations of the Security Forces in a situation of public altercation. The first part of the essay contains the theoretical framework supporting the research. The second part introduces a studied situation/case: the demonstrations of the 14 th November, 2012 in front of the National Assembly. It contains also a description of the facts, and a summary of the reactions of some personalities. This part is complemented with interviews made to professionals of the Security Forces and the reporters who played an active role in this situation, are added to the results of this approach. From this analysis the conclusion is that the presence of the media does influence the immediate preparation of the Security Forces/Law Enforcement, as well as its performance. It also shows that the journalistic procedures do not follow a set pattern for this type of situations. Finally, it seems that, at least in what this studied case is concerned, the perception of each others´ behavior by reporters and Security Forces, is positive.
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Fàbrega, Bonadona Francesc. "Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic (Pbpk) Modeling of Pcdd/Fs and Pfass in Humans." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284035.
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Els models farmacocinètics (PBPK) són representacions matemàtiques del cos humà, que tenen com a objectiu calcular la concentració de compostos químics en els teixits humans. Els models PBPK poden millorar el càlcul del risc per a la salut humana, però de moment no han estat escassament utilitzats. Entre els compostos ambientals més perillosos per a la salut humana destaquen les dibenzo-p-dioxines policlorades i dibenzofurans policlorats (PCDD/Fs) i els compostos perfluorats (PFASs).
L’objectiu de la present tesis es el desenvolupament de un model PBPK per calcular la concentració de PCDD/Fs i PFASs en teixits humans.
Prèviament al desenvolupament del model PBPK, es va desenvolupar un índex de risc utilitzant mapes auto-organitzats (SOM), per calcular els compostos ambientals més perillosos per a la salut humana. Entre els compostos més perillosos es van trobar els PFASs. Després es va desenvolupar el model PBPK per predir les concentracions de PCDD/Fs en sang i en teixit adipós. Els resultats finals van ser altament coincidents amb els resultats experimentals trobats a l’àrea de Tarragona (NE d’Espanya), y per això es va considerar el model com a validat. A continuació el model es va adaptar per calcular les concentracions de PFASs. Per això, primer es va adaptar el model per PFOS i PFOA, que són els compostos perfluorats més estudiats en la literatura, i després es va estendre el model a 9 PFASs més. Finalment, es va fer un anàlisis de la incertesa del model PBPK, i la incertesa paramètrica es va estudiar visual i estadísticament.Los modelos farmacocinéticos (PBPK) son representaciones matemáticas del cuerpo humano, que tienen como objetivo calcular la concentración de químicos en los tejidos humanos. Los modelos PBPK pueden mejorar el cálculo de riesgo para la salud humana, pero hasta el momento no han sido muy usados. Entre los compuestos ambientales más peligrosos para la salud humana destacan las dibenzo-p-dioxinas policloradas y los dibenzofuranos policlorados (PCDD/Fs) y los compuestos perfluorados (PFASs). El objetivo de la presente tesis es el desarrollo un modelo PBPK para calcular la concentración de PCDD/Fs y PFASs en tejidos humanos. Previo al desarrollo del modelo PBPK se desarrolló un índice de riesgo usando mapas auto-organizados (SOM), para calcular los compuestos ambientales más peligrosos para la salud humana. Los PFASs se encontraron entre los compuestos de más riesgo. Después se desarrolló el modelo PBPK para predecir las concentraciones de PCDD/Fs en sangre y en tejido adiposo. Los resultados finales fueron muy coincidentes con los resultados experimentales encontrados en el área de Tarragona (NE de España), y por esta razón el modelo se consideró como validado. A continuación el modelo se adaptó para calcular las concentraciones de PFASs. Para ello, primero se adaptó el modelo para PFOS y PFOA, que son los compuestos perfluorados más estudiados en la literatura, y después se extendió el modelo a otros 9 PFASs. Finalmente, se hizo un análisis de la incertidumbre del modelo PBPK, y la incertidumbre paramétrica se estudio visual y estadísticamente.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are mathematic representations of the human body that aims to assess the time course distribution of chemicals in human tissues. PBPK models may improve the assessment of human health risk but until now were not well studied. Among the most harmful environmental pollutants for human health there are polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). The objective of the present work is to develop a PBPK model to assess the time course concentration of PCDD/Fs and PFASs in human tissues. Previously to the PBPK model development, a ranking index was developed using self-organizing maps (SOM) to assess the most harmful environmental contaminants, being PFASs among the most harmful compounds. After that, the PBPK model was developed to assess and predict the concentration of PCDD/Fs in human blood and adipose tissue. The final outcomes were very coincident with the experimental data found in Tarragona County (NE of Spain), and the model was considered as a validated. After that, the model was adapted to assess the concentrations of PFASs. Firstly the model was developed for PFOS and PFOA, that are the most studied compounds in the research literature, and then the model was expended to 9 PFASs more. Finally the uncertainty analysis of the PBPK model was conducted, and the parametric uncertainty was visually and statistically studied.
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Kutzner, Kendy. "The decentralized file system Igor-FS as an application for overlay-networks." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000009668.
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Alshehri, Ali. "Micro and Nanostructuring of Polymers by Femtosecond Laser Pulses." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35356.
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Micro/Nanostructuring of polymers by femtosecond pulses is of extreme importance because it drives applications in photonics and biomedicine. A femtosecond pulse, with an intensity of ∼ 10^13 W/cm^2, is capable of causing an optical breakdown and inducing permanent modification in the material. With such high intensity, and considering the fact that polymers possess high band gaps, the interaction nature is completely nonlinear, and the material can be modified locally on the surface and in bulk. The irradiated regions exhibit fluorescence, and they display new wetting properties as a consequence of the optical breakdown of a material. The optical breakdown can be investigated by studying the nonlinear absorption. In this thesis, we discuss the nonlinear absorption of fs-laser pulses inside polymers using transmission measurements. We show a step– function–like behaviour of the transmission, dropping abruptly to ∼ 20% at the optical breakdown threshold with a ∼ 40 % reduction in the band gap. Utilizing spectroscopy, we show that the laser-modified regions contain randomly distributed nanoclusters. The presence of localized nanoclusters is responsible for exhibiting fluorescence, within ∼ 10 µm3 for a single pulse. This feature was exploited to demonstrate high-density data storage in Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) without any special material preparation. We demonstrate up to 20 layers of embedded data that can be stored in a standard 120 mm disc. Storage capacity of 0.2 TBytes/disc can be achieved by adjusting read laser parameters. Besides the fluorescence capability induced in the bulk of polymers, the hydrophilicity shown by the fs–laser modified surface is utilized to study selective cell growth on the micro-structured Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface. We show that the C2C12 cells and rabbit anti-mouse protein attach preferentially to the modified regions when the surface is modified with low pulse energies. However, in the high pulse energy regime, the laser-modified regions exhibit superhydrophobicity inhibiting cell adhesion.
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Ern, Jan. "Untersuchung von photochromen molekularen Systemen mit fs-auflösender transienter Spektroskopie und quantenchemischen Rechnungen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=959897402.
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Lim, Yong Cheol. "Herstellung und Charakterisierung von schmalbandigen EUV-Multischichtenspiegeln für Anwendungen mit Fs-HHG-Strahlung." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963801236.
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Saugout, Sébastien. "Explosion coulombienne de H2 induite par une impulsion laser intense sub-10 fs." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00154533.
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Ce travail de thèse a pour but l'étude expérimentale et théorique de l'interaction de la molécule H2 avec des impulsions laser de durée inférieure à 10fs. L'éjection des deux électrons de la molécule par le champ laser conduit à la fragmentation du système en deux protons. Ce processus est appelé explosion coulombienne. La mesure des spectres d'énergie cinétique des protons permet d'analyser les dynamiques électronique et nucléaire en fonction des différents paramètres laser. Ces dynamiques sont également analysées dans le cadre d'un modèle théorique non perturbatif, à deux électrons actifs, basé sur l'équation de Schrödinger dépendant du temps. Dans ce modèle, la distance internucléaire est traitée de façon quantique.La complémentarité des résultats expérimentaux et théoriques permet de mettre en évidence la translation des spectres d'énergie cinétique vers les énergies plus élevées lorsque la durée de l'impulsion diminue. Cette étude est réalisée pour des impulsions dans la gamme de 40 à 10fs expérimentalement et jusqu'à 1fs théoriquement. Cette étude montre également que, pour des durées d'impulsion laser inférieures à 4fs, la phase absolue devient un paramètre essentiel à prendre en compte. En outre, la dynamique moléculaire de H2 en champ laser intense ultracourt est également sensible à la valeur de l'éclairement crête de l'impulsion. Les résultats théoriques et expérimentaux montrent que les spectres d'énergie sont centrés autour d'une énergie plus élevée quand l'éclairement augmente. Par ailleurs, deux régimes d'ionisation double sont également mis en évidence théoriquement pour des impulsions de 4fs. La sensibilité de H2 à la qualité temporelle de l'impulsion laser permet une détection, par l'intermédiaire des spectres expérimentaux d'énergie cinétique, des pré- ou post-impulsions susceptibles d'apparaître autour de l'impulsion laser principale. Enfin, les différents types d'ionisation double sont étudiés et les résultats mettent en évidence la dynamique électronique attoseconde de la recollision et l'influence de cette dernière sur la dynamique nucléaire femtoseconde.
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Wikblom, Carl. "Federated Identity Management : AD FS for single sign-on and federated identity management." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-17039.
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Organizations are continuously expanding their use of computer ser-vices. As the number of applications in an organization grows, so does the load on the user management. Registering and unregistering users both from within the organization and also from partner organizations, as well as managing their privileges and providing support all accumu-lates significant costs for the user management. FIdM is a solution that can centralize user management, allow partner organizations to feder-ate, ease users’ password management, provide SSO functionality and externalize the authentication logic from application development. An FIdM system with two organizations, AD FS and two applications have been deployed. The applications are constructed in .NET, with WIF, and in Java using a custom implementation of WS-Federation. In order to evaluate the system, a functional test and a security analysis have been performed. The result of the functional test shows that the system has been implemented successfully. With the use of AD FS, users from both organizations are able to authenticate within their own organization and are then able to access the applications in the organizations without any repeated authentication. The result of the security analysis shows that the overall security in the system is good. The use of AD FS does not allow anyone to bypass authentication. However, the standard integra-tion of WIF in the .NET application makes it more susceptible to a DoS attack. It has been indicated that FIdM can have positive effects on an organization’s user management, a user’s password management and login procedures, authentication logic in application development, while still maintaining a good level of security.
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Gacic, Natasha. "Metodjämförelse mellan instrumenten Vitros 5,1 FS och QuikRead CRP för analysen P-CRP." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-24054.
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In studies of serum, in the early 1930s, from patients with pneumonia, a factor was found. It could agglutinate certain pneumococcal species. This factor, which later became known as C-reactive protein (CRP), increased sharply during the early and middle stages of the disease. CRP was identified as an acute phase protein and found especially in bacterial infections. CRP is synthesized in the liver by stimulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6), which is produced by the monocytes, and consists of five non-covalently bound subunits. The aim of this study was to compare two different analytical instruments (Vitros 5.1 FS Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics and QuikRead CRP Orion Diagnostica) for CRP analysis. In this study, Vitros 5.1 FS is used as a reference instrument. QuikRead CRP is a small instrument intended for patient-near testing. Vitros 5.1 FS (Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics a Johmon-Johmon Company, Rochester, NY, U.S.A) is a fully automated instrument for measuring various analytes of clinical importance in body fluids. For analysis of CRP, plasma is used. The amount of CRP is obtained by measuring turbidity at a specific wavelength in an Immuno-turbidimetric reaction. QuikRead CRP (Orion Diagnostica, Espoo, Finland) is an immuno-turbidimetric test in which micro-particles coated with anti-human CRP are used to measure the amount of CRP in whole blood, plasma or serum. Comparison between Vitros 5.1 FS and QuikRead CRP for the P-CRP analysis shows a good correlation (R= 0.997) of the mean value from the analysis I, II and III. An intercept of -8.52 shows a decrease in the values of CRP for QuikRead comparatively Vitros 5.1 FS. Bland-Altman-plot shows a slightly increased spread of results. Paired T-test shows that Vitros 5.1 FS and QuikRead CRP does not produces the same results. This study shows that QuikRead CRP is a user-friendly instrument that fits well in near patient testing. QuikRead CRP and Vitros 5.1 FS did not give the same results of P-CRP. This does not affect the results in regards to distinguish a viral infection (10-50 mg / L) from a bacterial infection (> 100 mg / L).
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Cornea, Flavia. "Evaluation of an alternative extraction method of PCDD/Fs from flue gas samples." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-124550.
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Wagner, Karl Gerhard. "Tablettierung überzogener Pellets auf einer Hochleistungsrundlauftablettenpresse unter Einsatz von Eudragit FS 30 D /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/309513251.pdf.
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Särchen, Emanuel [Verfasser]. "Entstehung FS-Laser-induzierter stufenartiger Strukturen aufgrund von Laser-Material-Wechselwirkung / Emanuel Särchen." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 2017. http://d-nb.info/1141310074/34.
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Thorin, Emil. "Towards the carrier-envelope phase stabilization of a16 TW 4.5 fs laser system." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-152443.
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In the last decades the scientific development has made it possible to produce pulses with durations below the femtosecond time scale (1 fs = 1015 s), reaching to attoseconds (1 as = 1018 s). This is the time scale of electronic motion inside atoms and molecules. One way to produce isolated attosecond pulses is through high harmonic generation in gases with intense few-cycle laser pulses. This process depends strongly on the electric field shape relative to the pulse envelope, which is characterized by the so called carrier-envelope phase (CEP).The goal of this master’s thesis is to measure and investigate the possibility to improve the CEP stability of sub-two-cycle laser pulses from the laser, Light Wave Synthesizer 20 (LWS-20). The first step of the master’s thesis was to modify a Labview program used to evaluate the CEP change to be able to reevaluate the already acquired raw data. The measurements are done with an f-to-2f interferometer, whichis a spectral interference device, which measures the CEP difference between two pulses. The CEP change of the laser system was measured at three positions: after the multi-pass amplifier of the laser front end (MP), after a hollow-core fiber (HCF), which is used for spectral broadening, and at the end of the laser system. The stability is determined as the RMS error (standard deviation) of the phase change overall shots in one sample (lower RMS is better stability). The measurements show an average stability of 160±20 mrad RMS after the MP, 280±31 mrad RMS after the HCF and 560±53 mrad RMS at the end of the system. The stability at the end of the system could be improved to 475±40 mrad RMS after a scan of the pump energy for one of the amplifier stages. The HCF appears to provide a lower limit in stability and influences it only if it is very good after the MP. The alignment of the HCF does also seem to influence the CEP stability and the best stability appears to coincide with maximum output energy. An acousto-optic modulator (Dazzler) has been used to manipulate the CEP change at the end of the system and can thereby compensate for long-term drifts, but the source of the CEP stability degradation at the end of the system should be further investigated.
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Saeed, Anam. "Studies on the Decomposition of Selected Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) and Formation of Polybrominated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) and Mixed Halogenated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PXDD/Fs)." Thesis, Saeed, Anam (2016) Studies on the Decomposition of Selected Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) and Formation of Polybrominated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) and Mixed Halogenated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PXDD/Fs). PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/35843/.
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Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are bromine-bearing hydrocarbons added or applied to materials to increase their fire resistance. As thermal treatment or recycling activities are common disposal methods for BFR-laden objects, it is essential to determine the precise decomposition chemistry of BFRs at elevated temperatures, and their transformation pathways into hazardous pollutants. Sunlight can trigger the photodecomposition of BFRs, either during the life cycle of treated objects, or when emitted to the environment after disposal. Therefore, knowledge of the geometric and electronic structures of BFRs is of chief importance when tracking their fate in the ambient environment.
Although BFR decomposition mainly occurs in a condensed phase, gas phase reactions also contribute significantly to their overall decay and subsequent fragmentation into brominated pollutants. Thermal degradation of BFRs often proceeds in the presence of bromine atoms which inhibit complete combustion. Therefore, under thermal conditions such as smouldering, municipal waste incineration, pyrolysis, thermal recycling, uncontrolled burning and fires, BFRs degrade to form brominated products of incomplete combustion (BPICs). Thermal degradation of BFRs produces potent precursors to polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs). Co-combustion of BFR-containing objects with a chlorine source (e.g., polyvinyl chlorides) results in the emission of significant concentrations of mixed halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (i.e., PXDD/Fs; X = Br, Cl).
In this thesis, we investigated the thermochemical parameters of bromochlorophenols (BCPhs) and the photodecomposition properties of major BFRs and their derived brominated phenols (BPhs). We scrutinised the formation of brominated and non-brominated products that evolved during the thermal decomposition of major BFR i.e., tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBA), through experimental measurements coupled with accurate quantum chemical calculations. We acquired thermo-kinetic parameters as well as mechanistic routes pertinent to the destruction of TBBA. We illustrated reaction networks for the synthesis of PXDD/Fs from BPhs and chlorinated phenols (CPhs). Similarly, we described pathways leading to the formation of PBDFs and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) from brominated benzenes (BBzs). We critically reviewed the literature on BFR thermal decomposition with specific foci on underlying mechanisms, decomposition products, the influence of the polymeric matrix, metallic content and operational conditions.
As BCPhs are direct building blocks for the formation of PXDD/Fs, we computed the thermochemical parameters of their complete series. We calculated standard enthalpies of formation, entropies, heat capacities and bond dissociation enthalpies (BDHs) of O-H bonds for the complete series of BCPhs. Values of the acid dissociation constant (pKa) were estimated based on an accurate thermodynamic cycle incorporating solvation and protonation energies. Calculated values of BDHs of O-H bonds in BCPhs vary slightly with the change in degree and pattern of halogenation. Gibbs energies of solvation of BCPhs in water are highly exergonic, with their values increasing with the degree of halogen substitution. Values of pKa dictate that BCPhs characterised by high degrees of halogenation display stronger acidity and dissociate more easily in aqueous media (i.e., they are stronger acids than lower substituted phenols).
Photolysis and photochemical decomposition are important channels for the degradation of halogenated organic pollutants in the environment. Therefore, we performed density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDFT) calculations in order to derive the photodecomposition properties of major deployed BFRs and congeners of BPhs in both gaseous and aqueous media. We clarified the effect of degree and pattern of bromination on the photodebromination of selected brominated aromatic compounds based on several molecular descriptors; namely, geometries of the ground (S0) and electronically first excited (S1) states, values of the HOMO-LUMO energy gap (EH-L) and atomic charges on bromine atoms (qBr). Molecules exhibit different geometries in the S0 and S1 states and C-Br bonds elongate upon S0 → S1 transitions. In agreement with the recent findings on PBDEs, we found that the photoreactivity of bromine atoms in investigated BFRs and BPhs followed the sequence of ortho > meta > para. The bromine atom connected to the ortho-position holds the highest positive atomic charge and, thus, experiences the greatest lengthening of C-Br bonds in the S1 state, in both gaseous and an aqueous media, prompting their reductive debromination. Excitation energies decrease linearly with increasing numbers of bromine substituents, and congeners with a high degree of bromination photodecompose more readily than lower brominated isomers. Computed values of EH-L for major BFRs and their non-brominated molecules inferred that the number of bromine substituents and the nature of the structure (aromatic/non-aromatic) contributes significantly towards the photoreactivity of molecules.
We conducted gas phase thermal decomposition of TBBA using a laboratory-scale tubular reactor. Our main focus was to identify pollutants arising in the temperature range of 673 – 1123 K following evaporation of TBBA in the gas phase. The identification and quantitation involved the use of a gas chromatograph – triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC-QQQMS) instrument, functioning in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and total ion current (TIC) modes. Product analysis revealed that thermal decomposition of TBBA commenced at 723 K. The major decomposition products were HBr, di-tribrominated bisphenols, benzene, phenol, mono-tribrominated congeners of benzene and phenol, brominated and non-brominated alkylated benzenes, benzofuran, bromobenzofuran, dibenzofuran, bromine substituted polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), biphenyl and biphenylene. We observed that, most of the decomposition products evolved in trivial concentrations at a temperature of 773 K and peaked at around 923 – 973 K. Higher temperatures favour the generation of non-brominated products. In this chapter, we have performed quantum chemical calculations to derive the degradation pathways of TBBA and to illustrate routes for the formation of brominated and non-brominated species.
We constructed formation mechanisms related to the emission of PBDD/Fs in systems involving BFRs. In particular, we investigated formation corridors of (i) PXDD/Fs from the coupling reactions of 2-chlorophenoxy (2-CPhxy) and 2-bromophenoxy (2-BPhxy) radicals, (ii) PBDFs and PBDEs synthesis from the condensation reaction of monobromobenzene (MBBz) and a 2-BPhxy radical. The coupling reactions of 2-BPhxy and 2-CPhxy radicals produce keto-ether (through the additions of a phenoxy O at ortho C(H), C(Cl) and C(Br) sites) and diketo (at ortho positions to C–C bridges) structures. Keto-ethers act as direct intermediates for the formation of dioxin moieties such as dibenzo-p-dioxin (DD), 1-monochlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1-MCDD), 1-monobromodibenzo-p-dioxin (1-MBDD), 1-bromo-6-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1-B,6-CDD) and 1-bromo-9-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1-B,9-CDD) molecules. Diketo adducts initiate the formation of furan species, i.e., 4-monochlorodibenzofuran (4-MCDF), 4-monobromodibenzofuran (4-MBDF) and 4-bromo-6-chlorodibenzofuran (4-B,6-CDF) compounds, through interconversion and rearrangement reactions. We found that, these mechanisms of formation, commencing from halogenated phenoxy radicals, are largely insensitive to patterns and degrees of halogenation on meta and para sites. It follows that, our developed mechanistic and kinetic factors of reactions involving 2-BPhxy and 2-CPhxy should also apply to higher halogenated phenoxy radicals.
We explored the initial oxidative decomposition pathways of monobromobenzene (MBBz) in the generation of BPhxy radicals and examined the possible dimerisation reactions of MBBz and 2-BPhxy. It was found that, the coupling of MBBz and 2-BPhxy results in the generation of twelve pre-PBDF intermediates, of which four can also serve as building blocks for the synthesis of PBDEs. The resonance-stabilised structure of the o-BPhxy radical accumulates more spin density character on its phenoxy O atom (30.9 %) in reference to ortho-C and para-C sites. Thus, the formation of the pre-PBDE/pre-PBDF structures via O/o-C couplings advances faster, as it requires lower activation enthalpies (79.2 – 84.9 kJ mol-1) than the pre-PBDF moieties, which arise via pairing reactions involving o-C(H or Br)/o-C(H or Br) sites (97.2 – 180.2 kJ mol-1). Kinetic analysis indicates that the O/o-C pre-PBDE/pre-PBDF adducts self-eject the out-of-plane H atoms to produce PBDEs, rather than undergo a three-step mechanism that forms PBDFs. Since the formation mechanisms of PBDFs and PBDDs are typically only sensitive to the bromination at ortho positions, the results reported herein also apply to higher brominated isomers of BBzs.
Overall, this thesis provides novel and comprehensive information on the thermochemical properties of the complete series of BCPhs (potential precursors to PXDD/Fs) and the electronic/structural characteristics of BFRs and their derived BPhs, with regards to their photodecomposition. To gain an insight into the degradation of TBBA once it has evaporated, this thesis examines the pure gas phase decomposition of TBBA and suggests mechanisms by which the experimentally-detected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are generated. Furthermore, this thesis explores the role of BPhs and CPhs as building blocks for the formation of PXDD/Fs, and computes their parameters. We also elucidate reaction pathways and thermo-kinetic parameters for PBDFs and PBDEs produced by the oxidation of BBzs.
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Rey, Martínez María Dolores. "Formación de PCDD/Fs y otros contaminantes en procesos térmicos: aprovechamiento de biomasa y motores de combustión interna." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/41125.
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Lazzarini, Federico. "OGR-EVOLUTION, dall’industria allo spazio urbano. Riqualificazione delle ex officine grandi riparazioni FS (BO)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17363/.
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La tesi tratta la riqualificazione dell'ex stabilimento Officine Grandi Riparazioni (BO) in cui viene evidenziato il passaggio da un'area industriale a uno spazio urbano.
Un progetto centrato sull'inserimento di nuove funzioni all'interno dell'area mantenendo un occhio di riguardo a quello che è il tema della memoria. La memoria è un tema fondamentale nello sviluppo del progetto in quanto centinaia sono le vittime dovute alle lavorazioni a stretto contatto con l'amianto senza l'utilizzo di appositi dispositivi di sicurezza.
All'interno dell'elaborato viene sviluppato il tema della mobilità creando nuovi percorsi e collegamenti con quelli che sono i percorsi ciclo-pedonali già esistenti.
Inserimento di nuove funzioni quali un nuovo museo per la città e un auditorium relativi all'associazione AFeVA, un centro polifunzionale, una sala studio, un punto ristoro e uno studentato.
Vengono progettati anche una piazza e il verde pubblico all'interno dell'area in esame. Visione futura di quella che può essere la zona dell'ex stabilimento a distanza di cinquant'anni.
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Müller, Sebastian Friedrich [Verfasser], and Günter [Akademischer Betreuer] Huber. "Erzeugung kohärenter sichtbarer Strahlung in fs-lasergeschriebenen Wellenleitern / Sebastian Friedrich Müller. Betreuer: Günter Huber." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1068931205/34.
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Müller, Sebastian Friedrich Verfasser], and Günter [Akademischer Betreuer] [Huber. "Erzeugung kohärenter sichtbarer Strahlung in fs-lasergeschriebenen Wellenleitern / Sebastian Friedrich Müller. Betreuer: Günter Huber." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-72101.
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Yang, Jiachen. "Paths and Patterns toward Acquirer Success in Mergers and Acquisitions." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLH005/document.
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Les implications financières pour les acheteurs dans les fusions et acquisitions (F & A) ont été un sujet de fascination pour les chercheurs et les praticiens pendant des décennies. Malgré des recherches académique et commerciales approfondies visant à déterminer si et comment les acquéreurs obtiennent des résultats financiers à court et à long terme à la suite des fusions et acquisitions, la clarté de notre compréhension de ces questions demeure difficile à déterminer. Cette thèse de doctorat cherche à apporter plus de clarté à ces questions en examinant les interactions complexes entre plusieurs aspects clés des fusions et acquisitions. Le chapitre 1 examine comment l’expérience des acquéreurs influe sur le rendement à long terme au moyen de décisions clés avant et après la transaction et comment cette influence indirecte diffère dans les contextes nationaux et transfrontaliers. Le chapitre 2 explore les configurations des caractéristiques des transactions et des acquéreurs ainsi que les mécanismes de gouvernance d’entreprise des acquéreurs correspondant aux rendements anormaux cumulés des acquéreurs positifs (CAR). Le chapitre 3 étudie les effets interactifs entre les institutions formelles des pays d’accueil, les caractéristiques des acquéreurs et les mécanismes de gouvernance d’entreprise de l’acquéreur CAR. Enfin, le chapitre 4 examine l’influence des reportages d’affaires sur l’acquéreur CARFinancial implications for buyers in mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have been a topic of fascination with academics and practitioners for decades. Despite extensive business research dedicated toward investigating whether and how acquirers perform financially in the short and long terms following M&A, so far, the clarity of our understanding about these issues remains elusive. This doctoral thesis seeks to bring more clarity to these questions by examining complex interactions among several key aspects of M&A. Chapter 1 investigates how acquirer experience influences long-term performance through key pre- and post-transaction decisions and how such indirect influence differs in domestic and cross-border contexts. Chapter 2 explores the configurations of deal and acquirer characteristics as well as acquirer corporate governance mechanisms corresponding to positive acquirer cumulative abnormal returns (CAR). Chapter 3 investigates the interactive effects among host countries’ formal institutions, acquirer characteristics and corporate governance mechanisms on acquirer CAR. Finally, Chapter 4 examines the influence of business news reports on acquirer CAR
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Kyriaki, Kosma. "UV-pump IR-probe Spectroscopy of Molecules with Time-Resolution reaching the 10-fs Range." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-92803.
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Östlund, Andreas. "Erhåller svenska förband en relevant utbildning? : en studie av FS 15 utbildning inför Afghanistan 2008." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-1219.
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Sverige har en lång tradition i att utbilda soldater och förband för försvar av det egna landet. Dettahar varit i fokus för de svenska förbanden under kalla kriget. Idag ställs svenska förband inför nyauppgifter och i andra miljöer än de traditionella, men framförallt möter de svenska förbanden enmotståndare som har andra drivkrafter, medel och metoder än vad motståndaren hade under detkalla kriget.Uppsatsen syfte är att diskutera huruvida den svenska soldat- och förbandsutbildningen äranpassad för denna motståndare. D.v.s. erhåller de svenska förbanden en relevant utbildning?Denna studie genomförs som en fallstudie av FS 15. Studien leds fram av ett antal studiefrågorsom utgör grunden för de variabler som utgör analysverktyget och som sedan nyttjas för attanalysera utbildningen av soldater och förband.Studien visar att de svenska förbanden erhåller en ändamålsenlig utbildning avseende hur upprorbekämpas med direkta och indirekta metoder. Analysen visar också på en utvecklingspotentialavseende lessons learned processen och i utbildningen avseende fenomenet uppror.Sweden has a long tradition in training soldiers and units for the defense of their ownterritory. This has been the main effort of the Swedish units during the cold war. TheSwedish units of today have to deal with tasks and environments other than thetraditional ones. Moreover, the Swedish units face a belligerent force that has differentmotives, ways and means than the enemy during the cold war.The aim of the thesis is to discuss whether the Swedish soldier and unit training aresuited for this new enemy. Do the Swedish units receive a relevant and proper training?The thesis is accomplished in the form of a case study. The thesis is implementedthrough questions which are the base for the analytical tool. This tool will be used foranalyzing the training of soldiers and units.The thesis shows that the Swedish units receive a relevant training concerningcounterinsurgency with a direct and indirect approach. The analysis also shows apotential for development concerning lessons learned and training in the phenomenainsurgency.
Avdelning: ALB – Slutet Mag. 3 C-upps. Hylla: Upps. ChP 07-09
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Al, Mamoon Hassan. "Evaluation of the separation capacity of different GC columns for tetra- to octachlorinated PCDD/Fs." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-68387.
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Knutsson, Sara. "Jämförelse av U-kreatinin-analys mellan två instrument Vitros 5,1 FS och Cobas c 702." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-29001.
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Njurens funktion är bl a att reglera vätskebalansen i kroppen och elektrolytkoncentrationen. Njuren består av livsviktiga enheter så kallade nefroner. Nefronerna kan skadas och orsaka proteinläckage ut i urinen, främst albumin. Detta är vanligt vid diabetes mellitus, högt blodtryck och åderförkalkning. Kreatin bildas i njurar, lever och pankreas och transporteras med blodet till andra organ t ex muskler och hjärnan. Delar av kreatinet i musklerna omvandlas till kreatinin. Albumin i urin påverkas av patientens grundsjukdom och urinproduktion, därför används kvoten mellan kreatinin i urin (U-kreatinin) och albumin i urin (U-albumin) som en kontroll av njurens funktion. Kvoten används främst för att upptäcka mikroalbuminuri dvs ett litet läckage av albumin i urin som är ett tidigt tecken på njurskada. Syftet med arbetet var att jämföra två metoders resultat mellan instrumenten Vitros 5,1 FSoch Cobas c 702 vid analys av U-kreatinin. För tillfället analyseras U-kreatinin på Vitros 5,1 FS och U-albumin på Cobas c 702 för uträkning av U-albumin/U-kreatinin kvot. Det skulle underlätta arbetet och minska risken för t ex kontaminationer, om båda analyserna kan utföras på Cobas c 702. Analysen utfördes på 40 urinprover från patienter i olika åldrar och kön, alla prover var stickprov (morgonurin). Resultatet visade på en mycket god korrelation mellan metoderna. U-kreatinin på Cobas c 702 ger ett genomsnittligt 6 % högre värden än på Vitros 5,1 FS, vilket innebär att U-albumin/U-kreatinin kvoten minskar med 12 %. Precision var hög hos båda instrumenten. Slutsatsen är att det är möjligt att analysera U-kreatinin på Cobas c 702 istället för Vitros 5,1 FS.
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Tseng, Yi-hon, and 曾亦宏. "PCDD/Fs Distribution Characteristics." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30737120076424258759.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
環境工程與科學系
91
Thermal destruction (i.e. incineration) is one of the most effective processes to treat municipal solid waste (MSW) in view of the volume reduction. However, the secondary pollutions come out from the incinerator is a conflict issue about this state-of-art technology. Formation of dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the flue gas and ash from the incineration system was recognized by two major pathways. One is incompletely destruction of the waste resources, the other is reformation by the precursors mechanism and de novo synthesis, respectively. Studies showed that the conditions in the post-combustion region are strongly influencing the formation these products of incomplete combustion (PICs). The favored temperature range and high surface area in the particulate matter play the important roles to increase the concentration of PCDD/Fs. The high removal efficiency of particulate active carbon injection was to apply for most of incineration systems to reduce the heavy metal compounds and PCDD/Fs. The adsorption carbon residue in the fly ash stream is still a controversial issue for the final disposal treatment. The preliminary investigation in this study is to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of fly ash from two different thermal processes ( incinerator and steel arc furnace). The ash samples were collected at the units of air pollution control devices (APCDs). The results showed that PCDD/Fs concentration of fly ash is dependent on the chlorine contents and the active surface area. The comparison between the raw fly ash as received from the APCDs and the treated fly ash by the model precursors is made in this study. The operation parameters and the matrix of fly ash for the physical and chemical characteristics were investigated. Inducing precursors experiments took place in a laboratory scales packed bed reactor. Investigation of the correlation between the precursor compounds and the PCDD/Fs congeners profile is the trust of this study. The remaining PCDD/Fs in the matrix of fly ash would be demonstrated to understand the PCDD/Fs fate and the rate determining step during the PCDD/Fs formation and destruction. Based on these information, to identify the original PCDD/Fs pollution sources from the environmental medium may be possible.
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Tien, Ching-Lung, and 田清龍. "Study the Fate and Behavior of PBDD/Fs and PCDD/Fs Emission to Environment." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91120286143744808188.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
環境工程與科學系所
98
Bromine (Br) and Chlorine (Cl) were belong to same group (ⅦA) in Chemical Periodical Table. Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) contained in plastics and electronic devices might cause Bromine to replace Chlorine linking position and produced PBDD/Fs. In this study, we investigated the site measured values of outstanding toxic equivalent (TEQ) of congeners of PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs from incinerator flue gases as to make comparisons of these characteristics. We also used the measured values of PBDD/Fs to compare the characteristics in different ambient air. This research utilized Fugacity model Level III to evaluate the fate of PBDD/Fs and made a comparison between the results of simulation and measured dataset. The results of this research were as followings: the total measured concentration of PCDD/Fs ranged from 0.17 to 3.78 ng/Nm3 and of PBDD/Fs ranged from 2.34 to 18.81 pg/Nm3 that emitted from incinerator flue gas. The major dominant species of PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs were 1,2,3,4/6,7,8-HxC(B)DD、2,3,7,8-TeC(B)DF、1,2,3,7,8-PeC(B)DF and 2,3,4,7,8-PeC(B)DF. The total concentration of PBDD/Fs in different ambient area was between 17.70~45.93 fg/Nm³ and the percentage of polybrominated dibenzofurans were higher than polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins. The simulated ambient concentration of PBDD/Fs which emitted from incinerator flue gas ranged from 13.69 to 59.95 fg/Nm³. The major predominant species were 1,2,3,4/6,7,8-HxBDD、2,3,7,8-TeBDF、1,2,3,7,8-PeBDF and 2,3,4,7,8-PeBDF. The simulated soil concentration of PBDD/Fs which emitted from incinerator flue gas ranged from 0.024938 to 0.111960 pg/Nm³, i.e. 89.0%~97.7% of the total concentration, showed that PBDD/Fs was similar to PCDD/Fs and the major fate was to accumulate in soil.
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Lin, Sin-chiou, and 林欣萩. "Effect and contribution assessment of PCDD/Fs in forage from PCDD/Fs emission sources in Taiwan." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89409309473403624583.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
環境醫學研究所
95
Literatures showed that the higher PCDD/Fs levels in beef, mutton and milk were related to the higher PCDD/Fs levels in forages. Therefore, the establishment of clean and safe measures for forage production is too impatient to wait. Because of the livestock farm not only wide but scrappy, it will highly cost on manpower and economical recources by field survey in each place. This study is aimed to simulate the PCDD/Fs levels of forage from the pastures nearby the PCDD/Fs emission sources and to assess the contribution of those sources, and then establish the clean and safe zones for forage production. Three types of forage plant which are most commom used and planted on the livestock farm, Napiergrass, Pangolgrass and Silage Corn are selected to simulate PCDD/Fs levels. A and B County were chosen to be conducted in this study, because their high emissions of PCDD/Fs, high density of dairy farm and high production of forage. C county and D County were chosen as control area, because they also have wide pasture and less contaminated by PCDD/Fs. The basic information of pastures, dairy farm, PCDD/Fs emission sources and meteorological data were collected and the data were applied to simulate ambient levels and deposition of PCDD/Fs by atmospheric dispersion model (ISCST3). Then, the Multimedia model was applied to estimate the PCDD/Fs concentrations of environmental media and forage. The results were compared with the maximum limits for PCDD/Fs in feeding stuffs of EU. Finally, the spatial distribution of clean and safe pasture area were mapped by using the geographic information system (GIS). After comparing the simulated PCDD/Fs level to measured PCDD/Fs level of forage plants, the results show the range of their difference was acceptable. As above we could conclude that using multimedia model to simulate the PCDD/Fs level of forages in this study is practicable. The results of ambient PCDD/Fs level and total deposition by using ISC-ST3 atmospheric dispersion model reveal that A County was higher than others and D County was lowest. After using multimedia model to simulate the PCDD/Fs level of forages, we found that all counties have the lowest PCDD/Fs level of forage in winter. Besides, the simulated PCDD/Fs level of three kinds of forages in A County were higher than EU maximum limits (0.75 ng WHO98-TEQPCDD/F/kg, 12% H2O). We only included the PCDD/Fs emission data of the emission sources investigated by Taiwan EPA in this study, and the emission sources which not investigated by Taiwan EPA and some moving emission sources such as motorcycles, burning outdoors and flying dust from soil were excluded.
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Haughton, Richard A. "Mapping the mouse frizzy mutation on chromosome 7 with a (BALB x FS)F₁ x FS backcross /." 2007. http://www.consuls.org/record=b2848617.
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Thesis (M.A.) -- Central Connecticut State University, 2007.Thesis advisor: Thomas R King. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Biomolecular Sciences." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 29-30). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Kříček, Radek. "Spektroskopická analýza B[e] hvězdy FS CMa." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-335547.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis is dealing with spectral analysis of the B[e] star FS CMa, a prototype of FS CMa stars group. These objects are characterized by huge amount of matter in sourrounding shell which origin is not explained for many years. However, solving this issue could enrich stellar astrophysics by enhanced stellar evolution models. The goal of this thesis is to improve our understanding of FS CMa. We described spectral variability on various time scales and simulated spectra for different forms of the system in HDUST code. On the basis of new obtained spectra we confirmed long-term changes in variability of some spectral features and rapid variability of some spectral lines. We gained an estimate of the gas density. The simulations showed that spectral type of FS CMa is not certain and that the star could be surrounded by extended disk, many stellar radii wide. 1
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Wang, Cheng-kang, and 王晟康. "IEGT and FS-IGBT layout design and analysis." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92547963180545213022.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
電機工程研究所
99
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), which integrates the structures of Power Bipolar Transistor and Power MOSFET, and has better performance in many applications. It has low conduction resistance and high output current density. In this thesis, we use device characteristics simulation tools to simulate the device structure and analyze the semiconductor physics characteristics. Due to the simulations, we can have a precise result to improve the process parameter. The IGBT is mainly toward improve the power performance, reduce the loss of power performance, having the lower conduction resistance and high breakdown voltage. We consult the device from TOSHIBA and Infineon company, and design a series of simulations.
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Cheng, Pai-Sheng, and 鄭百乘. "Study of Environmental PCDD/Fs Fingerprints and Distribution in Taiwan." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40544229198384656918.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立清華大學
化學系
91
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) are unwanted byproducts from various combustion processes and numerous chemical industrial processes. The toxic 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs are lipophilic and tend to accumulate in carbon-rich matrices and in fatty tissues. PCDD/Fs have been detected in every environmental compartment owing to their chemical, physical and biological stability and long-range transport. Moreover, PCDD/Fs emissions from municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) have become a globally environmental issue. Investigation of the relationship between PCDD/Fs level in stack emission from MSWIs and in ambient air, soil and vegetation provides the PCDD/Fs impact on environment from MSWI emissions. There are six chapters in this thesis. Chapter 1 describes the research motive and purposes. Chapter 2 introduces the methods of PCDD/Fs sampling, PCDD/Fs analysis, ISCST3 model, PCA and HCA statistics. The title of chapter 3 is “Comparative study of monitored levels of PCDD/Fs in ambient air, soil and ISCST3 model predictions in the vicinity of a municipal solid waste incinerator in Hsinchu”. As a result of the newly construction of Hsinchu city MSWI, this study seized a wonderful opportunity to research how PCDD/Fs emission from a new MSWI equipped with modern APCDs could impact the ambient environment. This chapter presents the PCDD/Fs measured in ambient air and in soil around Hsinchu city MSWI during the trial burns in 2000 and compared to those measured in 2001 when it was fully operational. Concentration discrepancies between instrumental quantification and ISCST3 model prediction of ambient air were examined to test the precision and correlation among these two different types of method. Results of PCA, HCA and ISCST3 prediction reveal that Hsinchu city MSWI is not the major PCDD/Fs emission source to the ambient region. Human activities and unknown PCDD/Fs sources may fill up the gap among the model predictions and the instrument measurements. A systematic decrease of PCDD/Fs concentration in the ambient air from the northeast area to southwest was observed. This decreasing trend along the direction of wind is attributed to the heavy industrial activities on the northeast of Hsinchu city and wind flow towards southwest. Higher PCDD/Fs levels in the ambient air were found during spring and lower concentration was observed in summer. We recommend monitoring MSWI on a regional basis where the industrial and human activities are dense as in Taiwan. The title of chapter 4 is “Distributions and principal sources of PCDD/Fs in ambient air, soil and vegetation in the vicinity of Taichung city and Chiayi city municipal solid waste incinerators together with an arc furnace in Kaohsiung”. Most related researches generally hypothesize a potential emission source at first, and measure the environmental PCDD/Fs levels in simply one or two kinds of matrices to evaluate the influences from targeted source. In this study, PCDD/Fs in four matrices including stack gas, ambient air, soil and vegetation were collected and analyzed from or in the vicinity of Taichung city MSWI, Chiayi city MSWI and one arc furnace in Kaohsiung city, respectively. The main purpose is to investigate the PCDD/Fs distributions in the three areas on the basis of regional viewpoint, and find out the major PCDD/Fs sources in the area. The determination of PCDD/Fs in leaves was carried out using modified and verified USEPA method 1613B. Different type of PCDD/Fs source in the respective investigation areas were proposed: 1. PCDD/Fs in the vicinity of Taichung city MSWI might because of the human activity like the case of Hsinchu MSWI; 2. medical waste incineration was probably the major PCDD/Fs source in the ambient environment of Chiayi city MSWI; 3. the arc furnace was considered one of the principal PCDD/Fs emission source to the surrounding environment in Kaohsiung Lin Hai industrial district. Furthermore, high PCDD/Fs amount occurred in soil resulting in positive correlation between TOC and PCDD/Fs content. It is suggested that banyan leaf could be selected as an atmospheric PCDD/Fs biomonitor in Taiwan. The title of chapter 5 is “Nationwide PCDD/Fs levels in ambient air, soil and vegetation in Taiwan”. Reported data/results from the existing survey projects and our lab were collected and integrated into the first “Taiwan Environmental PCDD/Fs Database” based on the UNEP guidance document. Taiwan is a small island populated with twenty-two million people in the west living in an area of 36,179 km2. High population density leads different human lives and activities comparative to the continental countries. For the first time, PCDD/Fs levels in ambient air, vegetation and soil around 19 MSWIs and samples from urban areas in Taiwan are discussed and summarized to bring up a nationwide view of dioxin distributions. Typically, correlation between PCDD/Fs levels in ambient air, soil and vegetation was not observed. The MSWIs are therefore not the only or major dioxin emission source. The Mucha MSWI showed clear influence on ambient PCDD/Fs concentrations, i.e. when comparing the previous and currently improved APCDs. Due to short of data, conclusions can not be made between human activity (population or industrial park) distributions and dioxin level distributions in Taiwan. It is suggested regional (county) basis monitoring instead of the measurements simply surrounding MSWIs, and extended to a nationwide monitoring system in the long run. The title of chapter 6 is “Investigation of meteorological factors influences on PCDD/Fs levels in ambient air using evidences from typhoons”. PCDD/Fs congener concentrations and profile in ambient air under stable weather condition have been proven readily altered by meteorological factors including temperature, wind, rain and air mass origin. However, little has been reported for the atmospheric PCDD/Fs condition right after severe weather variations. This is the first study aiming at the influences of meteorological factors on dioxin congener levels and distributions in ambient air exactly after typhoons. High rainfall and wind speed are both verified to reduce the PCDD/Fs level in ambient air, whereas rainfall influences the most. Relation between rain rate and reduced PCDD/Fs concentration in ambient air samples after typhoons was successfully correlated with an exponential growth curve. High wind speed eliminates the PCDD/Fs concentration in air immediately, but the affect of rain is usually reflected several hours later. PCDD/Fs levels in gaseous phase or particulate phase showed the same trend of variations. It is consequently suggested that both PCDDs and PCDFs in gaseous phase and in particular phase were persistently rose back to their original levels after the typhoon, but rainfall slow down the recovering speed in particulate phase. Severe meteorology factors altered the PCDDs to PCDFs ratio in ambient air, but not the profiles. Moreover, PCDD/Fs level in ambient air would revive in one or two days after the strict weather. These phenomena reveal that atmospheric PCDD/Fs level in Taiwan is not likely to become lower in summer or in autumn due to the prevalence of typhoon in these seasons. A long-term steady weather without heavy rain or high average wind speed is important during atmospheric PCDD/Fs measurement. If time and resources are permitted, chronic ambient air monitoring should be the best strategy to acquire faithful, representative and accurate data.
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Chen, Chien-Cheng, and 陳建呈. "Study the Catalytic Effects of Precursors for PCDD/Fs Formation." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06786498972206022473.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
環境工程與科學系所
97
The precursors of Dioxin, such as chlorophenols, chlorobenzenes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are combined with fly ash surface, the role catalytic metals, and a condensation reaction to form Dioxin compounds. A powdered activated carbon injection is used to effectively control and adsorb dioxin compounds in the flue. However, when the exhaust of the previous reaction is disturbed, small particles of fly ash may re-enter the air pollution prevention equipment to form dioxin and furan. In this study, the bag house of a waste incinerator was used in laboratory simulations. The results of the study show that adding 0.2% trichlorophenol onto fly ash forms a PCDD/Fs concentration of 27.9 ng/g, whereas adding 0.5% chlorobenzene onto fly ash forms a PCDD/Fs concentration of 8.3 ng/g. Therefore, the addition of trichlorophenol is more favorable than chlorobenzene because the trichlorophenol forms a dioxin concentration that is 2.4 times greater. Furthermore, adding 0.1% pentachlorophenol onto the fly ash produces a PCDD/Fs concentration of 142.2 ng/g, and adding 0.2% pentachlorophenol produces a PCDD/Fs concentration of 166.0 ng/g. Compared to the aforementioned trichlorophenol, the pentachlorophenol forms a dioxin concentration that is at least 4.1 times greater. Up to now, pentachlorophenol most effectively treats dioxin-type compounds in the flue. Also, increasing the concentration of pentachlorophenol subsequently increases the adsorbed concentration of PCDD/Fs. Further simulation revealed that the addition of mercurydichloride and trichlorophenol increased the PCDD/Fs concentration from 27.9 ng/g to 111.5 ng/g. Certainly, the mercurydichloride triples the adsorption of dioxin compounds. In conclusion, adding chlorophenol compounds, chlorobenzene, diphenyl furans, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons onto fly ash generated positive trends of PCDD/Fs adsorption. The addition of chlorophenol compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons resulted in large positive trends of PCDDs species adsorption. The addition of chlorobenzene and dibenzofurans resulted in large positive trends of PCDFs species adsorption.
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Guan-YuChen and 陳冠宇. "A Study on PCDD/Fs Scavenged by Cloud/Fog Water." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/793s3b.
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碩士國立成功大學
環境工程學系
107
Precipitation is one of the important sedimentation mechanisms of pollutants in the atmosphere, but the literature of Dibenzo-p-dioxin and Dibenzofuran (PCDD/Fs) deposition in cloud/fog water is still absent. However, droplets of cloud/fog water are much smaller and have a much higher surface-to-volume ratio compared to rain which might make it more efficiency in PCDD/F sedimentation. Therefore, we investigate PCDD/Fs scavenged by cloud/fog water in this study in order to figure it out. Sequential cloud/fog water samples were collected for each cloud event during January 17th to February 24th, 2018 and January 15th to February 16th, 2019. The cloud water samples were combined into one to reach 20 L for PCDD/F measurement due to the low solubility of PCDD/Fs in water. There were 3 and 11 events happened during collecting period in 2018 and 2019, respectively, but only 8 events were analyzed in 2019 because of too short cloud/fog water event period or too low liquid water content. On the other hand, the ambient air sample were collected during January 14th and 28th, 2019, with 7 samples. Total PCDD/F-WHO-TEQ concentration collected by active fog collector in cloud/fog water samples in 2019 (mean: 1.35±1.80 pg WHO-TEQ L-1) averaged higher than the values of passive one (mean: 0.769±1.23 pg WHO-TEQ L-1). There might mix with a little bit rain in cloud/fog water sample collected by passive fog collector, which made liquid water content (LWC) for passive fog collector larger than LWC for active one. Compared to scavenging coefficient of PCDD/F-WHO-TEQ of passive fog collector (mean: 2.24×105±2.96×105), scavenging coefficient (C-cloud/C-air) of PCDD/F-WHO-TEQ of active one was larger (mean: 4.20×105±3.60×105) in 2019. The cause of PCDD/F scavenging coefficient difference contributed to cloud/fog water sample mixing with rain which collected by passive fog collector. Besides, scavenging coefficient of PCDD/F-WHO-TEQ of passive fog collector in 2018 (mean: 3.20×105±3.26×105) averaged higher than the results of passive one in 2019 due to rich cloud and fog during collecting period in 2018. Then, compared to PCDD/F scavenging coefficient of precipitations (around 1.9×105), the scavenging coefficient of cloud/fog water in 2019 was larger. On the other hand, compared to scavenging ratio of PCDD/F-WHO-TEQ of passive fog collector (mean: 0.056±0.074), scavenging ratio (C-cloud/C-air *LWC) of PCDD/F-WHO-TEQ of active one was lower (mean: 0.033±0.029) in 2019. The reason might connect with higher LWC of passive fog collector where PCDD/Fs in the atmosphere could be scavenged by more cloud/fog water and rain. Besides, scavenging ratio of PCDD/F-WHO-TEQ of passive fog collector in 2018 (mean: 0.254±0.236) averaged higher than the results of passive one in 2019 due to higher LWC and rich cloud and fog during collecting period in 2018. Additionally, PCDD/F scavenging ratio of cloud/fog water was smaller than that of trace elements (ranged from 0.11- 0.56) since trace elements are easier to dissolve in water than PCDD/Fs. In conclusion, the obtained scavenging ratios of PCDD/Fs by cloud/fog water are crucial for clarifying the effect of cloud/fog water on the deposition of atmospheric PCDD/Fs.
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Chen, Che kuan, and 陳哲寬. "Characteristics of size distribution of PCDD/Fs and heavy metals in bottom ash and mass distribution of PCDD/Fs in the selected municipal solid waste incinerators." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50228623027612930557.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立屏東科技大學
環境工程與科學系所
96
This study investigated the size distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and heavy-metals in bottom ash from four selected municipal solid waste incinerations (MSWIs). The weight fractions of bottom ashes in different particle sizes were also investigated. Finally, PCDD/F mass distributions in the whole incinerator during start-up process have been addressed as well. The significant conclusions of this study are as follows: 1. The major peak in the particle size distribution for bottom ash of MSWI A was found in a particle size of 1 to 2.36 mm, where the weight percentage was 33.2%. For MSWIs B, C and D, the major peak was all located at the particle size range the 2.36–4.75 mm, where the weight percentages were 31.7%, 38.9% and 28.4%, respectively, with averaged 33.0%. 2. For the four selected MSWIs, the major peak in the particle size distribution for the PCDD/F content was found in a particle size <0.21 mm, that is, 28.4, 16.1, 70.1 and 12.5 pg I-TEQ/g, respectively, with averaged 25.8 pg I-TEQ/g. Furthermore, it was also found that PCDD/F content increased with decreasing particle size. 3. For PCDD/F congener profiles in bottom ashes of the four selected MSWIs, OCDD and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD in rank are the most abundant congeners in PCDDs, while OCDF and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF are the most abundant congeners in PCDFs. 4. Hg and Cd contents increased with decreasing particle size of bottom ash from the four selected MSWIs. Most Fe concentrated in the middle particle size. The Pb, As, and Mn size distributions of the bottom ashes were all bimodal size distribution, indicating that the above metals concentrated in both fine and coarse particles. 5. The Pb, Hg, Cd, As and Fe contents in the bottom ashes of the four selected MSWIs were between 842~3160, 0.0394~0.338, 1.79~11.4, 5.65~16.5 and 41000~120000 mg/kg, respectively. The wide ranges of the metals content were due to the differences in the physical and chemical composition of the wastes among the four selected MSWIs. 6. The total PCDD/F emission factors were Stack (8.47 μg/ton-waste; 0.454 μg I-TEQ/ton-waste), BR (58.2 μg/ton-waste; 3.54 μg I-TEQ/ton-waste), SH (4.40 μg/ton-waste; 0.306 μg I-TEQ/ton-waste), EC (961 μg/ton-waste; 31.9 μg I-TEQ/ton-waste), SDA (100 μg/ton-waste; 3.66 μg I-TEQ/ton-waste), FF (1870 μg/ton-waste; 160 μg I-TEQ/ton-waste) and FAP (3610 μg/ton-waste; 323 μg I-TEQ/ton-waste), respectively. PCDD/Fs might be formed (674 μg/ton-waste; 128 μg I-TEQ/ton-waste) during transportation process. 7. The total emission amount of PCDD/Fs from Stack, BR, SH, EC, SDA, FF and generation were 0.00484, 0.0377, 0.00326, 0.340, 0.0390, 1.70 and 1.36 g I-TEQ/week. Besides, total emission amount of PCDD/Fs from the stacks in this MSWI was 0.596 (=0.00484×(52×2.35+1)) g I-TEQ/week with considering the start-up operations. Therefore, mass distribution ratios of PCDD/Fs in g I-TEQ/week from Stack, SH, EC, SDA, FF, generation and BR in star-up operations were 14.6%, 0.1%, 8.3%, 1.0%, 41.7%, 33.4% and 0.9%, respectively. The main PCDD/F source in the MSWI was from fly ash (~85%) although emission during start-up process was 2.35 times larger than that of a whole year’s normal operations. The above results indicated that main PCDD/F source in the MSWI was from fly ash. However, the fly ash is easily controlled and PCDD/Fs emitted from stack flue gases will be difficult to be handled. Therefore, we should pay more attention on PCDD/Fs emission from flue gases especially from start-up process.
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Baumgart, Judith [Verfasser]. "Fs-Laser-Transfektion : Gen-Transfer mittels ultrakurzer Laserpulse / von Judith Baumgart." 2009. http://d-nb.info/995869693/34.
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