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1
Nau, Jean-Yves. "Des vins rouges et des fruits de la mer." Revue Médicale Suisse 5, no. 225 (2009): 2299. http://dx.doi.org/10.53738/revmed.2009.5.225.2299.
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Tancos, Matthew A., Laura Chalupowicz, Isaac Barash, Shulamit Manulis-Sasson, and Christine D. Smart. "Tomato Fruit and Seed Colonization by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis through External and Internal Routes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 22 (September 6, 2013): 6948–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02495-13.
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ABSTRACTThe Gram-positive bacteriumClavibacter michiganensissubsp.michiganensis, causal agent of bacterial wilt and canker of tomato, is an economically devastating pathogen that inflicts considerable damage throughout all major tomato-producing regions. Annual outbreaks continue to occur in New York, whereC. michiganensissubsp.michiganensisspreads via infected transplants, trellising stakes, tools, and/or soil. Globally, new outbreaks can be accompanied by the introduction of contaminated seed stock; however, the route of seed infection, especially the role of fruit lesions, remains undefined. In order to investigate the modes of seed infection, New YorkC. michiganensissubsp.michiganensisfield strains were stably transformed with a gene encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). A constitutively eGFP-expressing virulentC. michiganensissubsp.michiganensisisolate, GCMM-22, was used to demonstrate thatC. michiganensissubsp.michiganensiscould not only access seeds systemically through the xylem but also externally through tomato fruit lesions, which harbored high intra- and intercellular populations. Active movement and expansion of bacteria into the fruit mesocarp and nearby xylem vessels followed, once the fruits began to ripen. These results highlight the ability ofC. michiganensissubsp.michiganensisto invade tomato fruits and seeds through multiple entry routes.
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Picha, David H., and Roger A. Hinson. "TRANSPORTATION ROUTES FOR LATIN AMERICAN PRODUCE IMPORTS INTO THE UNITED STATES." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 609a—609. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.609a.
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The origin and distribution of counter-seasonal fresh fruit and vegetable imports from Latin America into the U.S. was evaluated. Infrastructure comparisons were made among various U.S. ports of entry capable of receiving perishables. Economic comparisons were made utilizing different transportation routes. Market boundary analyses indicated significant cost savings would result from changing existing transportation routes to certain final U.S. destinations. Currently the port of Philadelphia receives the majority of South American fruit which is mostly shipped break bulk or palletized. South Florida ports (Miami and Port Everglades) receive the majority of Central American and Caribbean fruits and vegetables which are mostly shipped containerized. Interest exists among Latin American exporters to diversify their U.S. ports of entry in order to avoid distribution bottlenecks. Future trade routes will likely see an increased utilization of more economical U.S. Gulf of Mexico ports.
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Arya, Dhaneshvari, Akhilesh Kumar Pal, Anand Kumar Singh, Bajrang Kumar, and Avneesh Rathour. "Studies of Correlation and Path Coefficients for Tomato Yield and Quality Attributes (Solanum lycopersicum L.)." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 10 (August 16, 2023): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i102650.
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Fifteen genotypes of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) with 18 yield contributing traits, were studied for correlations and path coefficients. The experiment has been done at Vegetable Research Farm of Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, during Rabi season of 2020-21. The experiment was laid under Randomized Block Design with three replications. Using genotypic correlation, it has been found that the fruit yield per plant significantly positively correlates with lycopene, titrable acidity, pericarp thickness, fruits per plant, ascorbic acid and days to 50% flowering. This indicates that the selection of these qualities will impact the number of fruits produced by each plant. Yield per plant was showed the significant positive direct effects with ascorbic acid, pericarp thickness, firmness, fruit yield per plant, TSS, locules per fruit, number of fruits per plant, fruit diameter, lycopene content, seed test weight and days to 50% flowering at the genotypic path coefficient level that indicated the selection for these traits might be effective and there is a possibility of improving yield per plant through selection based on these characters. The investigation contains the necessary information to support the objectives, as shown by the residual influence at the genotypic (0.198) and phenotypic (0.206) routes.
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Guo, Xuan, Jinru Chen, Robert E. Brackett, and Larry R. Beuchat. "Survival of Salmonellae on and in Tomato Plants from the Time of Inoculation at Flowering and Early Stages of Fruit Development through Fruit Ripening." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 4760–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.10.4760-4764.2001.
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ABSTRACT The fate of salmonellae applied to tomato plants was investigated. Five Salmonella serotypes were used to inoculate tomato plants before and after fruits set, either by injecting stems with inoculum or brushing flowers with it. Ripe tomato fruits were subjected to microbiological analysis. Peptone wash water, homogenates of stem scar tissues, and homogenates of fruit pulp were serially diluted and plated on bismuth sulfite agar before and after enrichment. Presumptive Salmonella colonies were confirmed by serological tests, PCR assay using HILA2 primers, and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR. Of 30 tomatoes harvested from inoculated plants, 11 (37%) were positive forSalmonella. Of the Salmonella-positive tomatoes, 43 and 40%, respectively, were from plants receiving stem inoculation before and after flower set. Two of eight tomatoes produced from inoculated flowers contained Salmonella. Higher percentages of surface (82%) and stem scar tissue (73%) samples, compared to pulp of Salmonella-positive tomatoes (55%), harbored the pathogen. Of the five serotypes in the inoculum, Montevideo was the most persistent, being isolated from tomatoes 49 days after inoculation, and Poona was the most dominant, being present in 5 of 11 Salmonella-positive tomatoes. Results suggest that Salmonella cells survive in or on tomato fruits from the time of inoculation at flowering through fruit ripening. Tomato stems and flowers are possible sites at whichSalmonella may attach and remain viable during fruit development, thus serving as routes or reservoirs for contaminating ripened fruit.
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R. Benmehia, H. Bendif,, and F. Bahlouli, S. Tellache, A. Slamani A. Zedam. "Contribution to the study of some aspects of pollination in six varieties of apricot in the region of M'sila (Algeria)." Journal of Scientific Agriculture 1 (December 29, 2017): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2017.v1.886.
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The present work consists in contributing to the study of pollination. Field observations and tests were carried out on six varieties of apricot in the region of M'sila, "Pavit", "Boulida" "Alarbi","Tounsi","Ben sarmouk" and "Louzi rouge". For natural self-pollination, the branches were covered to avoid cross-pollination, and the fruit set was determined. Controlled pollination was carried out using pollen and pollen from the other trees that bloom at about the same time. The fruit set rate was determined after counting the fruits in relation to the number of blooming flowers. The rate of fruit set varies from one variety to another. Alarbi with 62.5%, Louzi with 69.7%, Tounssi with 56.5%, Bulida with 50.7%, Ben Sermouk with 23.2% and Pavit with 45.8%. The bagging rate of the bagged branch obtained at the end of the physiological fall did not show any significant differences between the varieties and ranged between 77.50% for Alarbi and 41.22% for Pavit. The results show that the number of fruits after manual crossing is zero for all crops. All varieties tested are self-compatible and no cross-compatibility group has been guessed on the tested growths, from self-pollination and inter-pollination.
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Dakshta Arora & Prof. Anjana Das. "Roots, Routes and Fruits: Feminism and Ecofeminism." Creative Saplings 1, no. 12 (March 26, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.56062/gtrs.2023.1.12.227.
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Ecofeminism is the missing link that connects woman and nature, while tracing out the patriarchal structures of exploitation and oppression. This paper searches for the origination of ‘Ecofeminism’ that lies somewhere in the fusion of ‘Feminism’ and ‘Ecology.’ While defining the concept of ‘Feminism’, it explores its different forms along with its chronological order through wave metaphor. Feminism nurtures the sapling of Ecofeminism, and with the passage of time, it turns into a tree that bears fruits of the various forms which can be viewed through different perspectives. It presents roots, routes and fruits that come out of ‘Feminism’ and ‘Ecofeminism.’ Knowing nature leads to knowing woman, and knowing woman, leads to knowing nature. The real emancipation lies in saving the earth and woman from exploitation and oppression.
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Panayotov, Nikolay, and Dochka Dimova. "Assessment of yield and yield stability of new perspective pepper breeding lines with conical shape." Genetika 46, no. 1 (2014): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1401019p.
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The main goal of the present study was to estimate new perspective Bulgarian conic lines pepper about yield and stability of the yield with purpose to be presented for Government variety testing and to been included in new breeding programs. Three years experiments were carried out in Experimental fields of Agricultural University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria with eight new perspective consolidated hybrids of sweet pepper. Typical Bulgarian variety Kurtovska kapia 1619 was used as a standard. The plants were grown according to the conventional technology for middle early field production for South Bulgarian condition. Four harvests were done - one of green fruits and three of red ripening fruits. The total yield, weight and length of fruit were determined. The stability of yield (Ysi) by the methods Kang was calculated. The lines with the highest yield were Doux Marconi Rouge ? Kapia 1300 F8 and Doux Marconi San Semences ? Kalinkov 800/7 F7 with productivity of 5034.1 kg/da and 4881.3 kg/da respectively. The index of yield stability was highest 7+ about following breeding lines Doux Marconi San Semences ? Kalinkov 800/7 F7 and Kapia 1300 ? Doux d?Espagne F9. The lines Doux Marconi Rouge ? Kapia 1300 F8, Doux Marconi San Semences ? Kalinkov 800/7 F7 and Doux Marconi Rouge ? Kapia 1300 F7 are suitable to be included in new selection programs for more successfully breeding.
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Bonnin, Estelle, and Marc Lahaye. "Contribution of cell wall modifying enzymes on the texture of fleshy fruits: The example of apple." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 78, no. 3 (2013): 417–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc121123004b.
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Cell walls consist of polysaccharide assemblies (pectin, hemicelluloses and cellulose), whose structure and interactions vary depending on fruit genetic, and its stage and conditions of development. The establishment and the structural reorganization of the assemblies result from enzyme/protein consortia acting in muro. The texture of fleshy fruits is one of the major criteria for consumer choice. It impacts also post-harvest routes and transformation processes. Disassembly of fruit cell wall polysaccharides largely induces textural changes during ripening but the precise role of each polysaccharide and each enzyme remains unclear. The changes of cell wall polysaccharides during fruit ripening have mainly emphasized a modulation of the fine chemical structure of pectins by hydrolases, lyases, and esterases. This restructuring also involves a reorganization of hemicelluloses by hydrolases/transglycosydases and a modulation of their interactions with the cellulose by non-catalytic proteins such as expansin. Apple is the third fruit production in the world and is the subject of studies about fruit quality. This paper presents some of the results to date about the enzymes/proteins involved in this fruit ripening with a particular emphasis on apple.
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Souza, J. N. C., N. D. R. Almeida, L. S. Silva, and M. C. C. L. Moura. "Genetic diversity and geographic mapping of mango in Maranhão." Scientific Electronic Archives 13, no. 5 (April 29, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/1352020922.
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The objective of this study was to map the routes of greater natural occurrence of the mango tree, through the geographic descriptors and to characterize mango accesses in Maranhão. Field trips for the collection of geographic data and fruit harvesting were carried out in the municipalities of Chapadinha, Caxias, Brejo and Matinha, MA in the year 2013. Qualitative biometric studies were conducted to characterize the accesses collected regarding the color of the fruit peel (TFC), fruit pulp color (CPF), firmness (Fir), fruit shape (FF), fruit peel adhesion (ACF), fruit aroma (FF), fruit DF), fruit succulence and embryo (EB).The model of partial distribution of the mango in Maranhão was generated in the Open Modeller program based on the methodology using the algorithm SVM. Three groups were formed by the Tocher grouping method.The accesses of sugar and milk mango were the most similar, while the greatest genetic distance was between the accesses of mango sugar and mango. In the geographic map it was verified that there are areas with high probability of natural occurrence of mango in Maranhão. It was verified that there is genetic variability in the mango accesses collected in Maranhão with desirable agronomic characteristics and sweet fruits, thus contributing to reduce the species' vulnerability that currently exists in large areas of monoclonal crops.
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FOSTER, MERCEDES S. "The potential of fruit trees to enhance converted habitats for migrating birds in southern Mexico." Bird Conservation International 17, no. 1 (March 2007): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270906000554.
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Migration routes used by Nearctic migrant birds can cover great distances; they also differ among species, within species, and between years and seasons. As a result, migration routes for an entire migratory avifauna can encompass broad geographic areas, making it impossible to protect continuous stretches of habitat sufficient to connect the wintering and breeding grounds for most species. Consequently, ways to enhance habitats converted for human use (i.e. for pasture, crop cultivation, human settlement) as stopover sites for migrants are especially important. Shelterbelts around pastures and fields, if planted with species targeted to support migrant (and resident) bird species that naturally occupy mature forest habitats and that are at least partially frugivorous, could be a powerful enhancement tool for such species, if the birds will enter the converted areas to feed. I tested this approach for Nearctic migrant birds during the spring migration through an area in Chiapas, Mexico. Mature forest tree species whose fruits are eaten by birds were surveyed. Based on life form, crop size and fruit characteristics, I selected three tree species for study: Cymbopetalum mayanum (Annonaceae), Bursera simaruba (Burseraceae) and Trophis racemosa (Moraceae). I compared the use of fruits of these species by migrants and residents in forest with their use of the fruits of isolated individuals of the same species in pasture and cropland. All three plant species were useful for enhancing converted habitats for forest-occupying spring migrants, although species differed in the degree to which they entered disturbed areas to feed on the fruits. These tree species could probably enhance habitats for migrants at sites throughout the natural geographic ranges of the plants; in other geographic areas for other target bird groups, other tree species might be more appropriate.
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Li, Peiqing, Jie He, Dunyong Zheng, Yongsheng Huang, and Chenhao Fan. "Vehicle Routing Problem with Soft Time Windows Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm for Fruits and Vegetables Distribution." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/483830.
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Fresh fruits and vegetables, perishable by nature, are subject to additional deterioration and bruising in the distribution process due to vibration and shock caused by road irregularities. A nonlinear mathematical model was developed that considered not only the vehicle routing problem with time windows but also the effect of road irregularities on the bruising of fresh fruits and vegetables. The main objective of this work was to obtain the optimal distribution routes for fresh fruits and vegetables considering different road classes with the least amount of logistics costs. An improved genetic algorithm was used to solve the problem. A fruit delivery route among the 13 cities in Jiangsu Province was used as a real analysis case. The simulation results showed that the vehicle routing problem with time windows, considering road irregularities and different classes of toll roads, can significantly influence total delivery costs compared with traditional VRP models. The comparison between four models to predict the total cost and actual total cost in distribution showed that the improved genetic algorithm is superior to the Group-based pattern, CW pattern, and O-X type cross pattern.
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Diouf, Meissa, Mathieu Gueye, and Papa Ibra Samb. "Participatory Varietal Selection and Agronomic Evaluation of African Eggplant and Roselle Varieties in Mali." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 30 (October 31, 2017): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n30p327.
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African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L. and S. macrocarpon L.) is one of the most commonly consumed fruit vegetables in tropical Africa, in quantity and value probably the third after tomato and onion. Commercial production for supply to the cities is increasing. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is another important vegetable crop in sub-Saharan Africa; its leaves, seed, and calyces are eaten. Roselle leaves and calyces are nutritious and rich in iron, β-carotene, and ascorbic acid. Although there is a market for African eggplant and Roselle, farmers have been slow to adopt new improved varieties due to use of traditional breeding method. To increase adoption rates of new varieties, we used a participatory varietal selection process to identify new varieties of both plants based on fruit yield, leaf, calyx traits, and consumers’ preference. Fifteen lines and varieties of each species from several African countries were evaluated in Bamako, Mali during the 2008 hot rainy season. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used for the selection process. Twenty-two vegetable farmers and traders (or users) from Bamako rated the African eggplant and Roselle varieties based on visual characteristics (fruit color, fruit shape, number of fruits per plant, fruit size, number of secondary branches per plant, leaf size, leaf shape, leaf color, number of calyces per plant, calyx shape, and calyx color). Using a scale from 0 (least preferred) to 5 (most preferred), the varieties and the criteria were ranked, to identify the best variety and the most important criteria. In addition, agronomics data of African eggplant (number of fruits per plant, marketable yield, fruit weight, fruits shape and fruit color) were collected. Agronomics data were also collected on Roselle calyces (number of calyces per plant, fresh calyces yield, dry calyces yield, dry matter and calyces color based on stem color) and leaves production (leaf length and width, economic yield, leaf shape and stem color). African eggplant line L10, varieties Soxna and Locale Gaya were highly rated for their visual appeal and have the potential to out-yield the local Malian variety. The fruit color and fruit shape, classified top two criteria through participatory selection criteria are important in the choice of users. For leafy entries of Roselle, leaf size was the most important trait. Samandah and line L28 were rated higher than the local check variety (Dah Rouge) for all traits. For calyx varieties of roselle, the number of calyces per plant was the most important trait. For leafy and calyx varieties, the agronomic evaluation show that yield is not a very important criterion in the choice of the users.
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Chaudhry, Imran Sharif, Faitma Gulzar, Hafiz Gulfam Ahmad, and Saeed ur Rahman. "Impact of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) on Pakistan's trade: Empirical Evidence from Gravity Model." Review of Economics and Development Studies 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/reads.v3i1.164.
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Purpose: The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC) is an enormous project for both economies. There are much potential remunerations for concerning frugalities in trade and industries of both countries. The study was specifically designed to examine the influence of CPEC on fruits export of Pakistan. The bilateral or regional trade was examined through Gravity approach. Data was taken from 2013 to 2015. Since distance plays a vital role in trade, the outcomes of gravity model are estimated with ordinary least square method. Pakistan China Economic Corridor is a mega project for both economies. It will make Pakistan and China, the major economic players in the region and further enhance economic conditions of both countries. Some of the basic determinations of Pak-China economic corridor are to boost business opportunities, efficient transport routes and expanding regional trade. The export target of Pakistan was $ US 20 billion in 2013-2015. As of April 2015, Pakistan exports stand at $ US 6,178 billion. Pakistan’s exports to Asia was amounted to $ US 1,649 billion which was 42 percent of its overall exports and the share of fruit and nuts markets in Pakistan's export was $ US 1,017 billion. The paper analyses the CPEC's impact on exports especially exports from fruit market of Pakistan using Gravity Approach for the evaluation of this bilateral trade. The results show that CPEC reduces the distance and it will be more beneficial for perishable goods trade like fruits.
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JA, Mendoza-Espinoza. "Chemical Profile of Polyphenolic Compounds Present in the Red and White Varieties of Tunillo (Stenocereus stellatus) Fruit." Advances in Pharmacology and Clinical Trials 8, no. 4 (October 10, 2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/apct-16000226.
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Tunillo is a pre-Hispanic fruit native to the Mixtec region of Mexico. This fruit has been shown to have an antihyperglycemic effect, an effect associated with the content of total polyphenols; however, the chemical profile of this type of compounds present in the juice is not known, For this reason, the objective of this work was to determine the polyphenols present in the juice of tunillo (Stenocereus stellatus) of the red and white varieties by means of high performance liquid chromatography techniques and the presence of the main functional groups by infrared spectroscopy. It was found that gallic acid is the most abundant simple polyphenol in the white tunillo juice while chlorogenic acid is the most abundant in the red tunillo juice, being the white tunillo juice the one containing the highest amount of rutin and catechin. In conclusion, the chemical profile of the tunillo fruits shows differences in the content of polyphenols and flavonoids, so the routes of secondary metabolism and functional activity must be different.
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Orjuela-Castro, Javier Arturo, Juan Pablo Orejuela-Cabrera, and Wilson Adarme-Jaimes. "Last mile logistics in mega-cities for perishable fruits." Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 12, no. 2 (June 21, 2019): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.2770.
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Purpose: A common problem in mega cities is congestion, due to the size of the automotive park, this makes that the perishable foods decreasing their organoleptic characteristics or increases their losses, which requires considering the effect of time on routing problems. The state of the art demonstrates the need to formulate new routing models that include the specific characteristics of perishable foods in order to reduce their losses.Design/methodology/approach: A mathematical model was formulated based on two classical models: the three-index vehicle flow model proposed by (Golden, Assad, Levy & Gheysens, 1984) and the time window model proposed by (Cordeau, Desaulniers, Desrosiers, Solomon & Soumis, 1999). We proposed a novel VRP Model that permits reductions loss due to the perishable.Findings: The optimum cost is found with AMP® for twenty nodes, six vehicles and six fruits. For more nodes, a two-phase strategy is proposed, first a clustering based on a modified p-median model and then a VRP for each cluster.Research limitations/implications: The results showed the need to investigate multi-objective models, since the performance measures can be efficiency, quality and response capacity; the model can be applied in other supply chains of perishable foods.Social implications: According to FAO in Logistics practices in the last mile generate between 10-30% of the perishable food loss in developing countries’ mega-cities.Originality/value: A last-mile logistics strategy is proposed to manage delivery routes for fresh fruits in mega-cities, considering the effect of congestion through travel time in the perishability function. The new model it uses the flow variable to control the amount of each fruit arriving to each node and the time variable to define fruit waste or loss depending on the time and type of fruit.
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Bigaran Aliotte, Joseane Thereza, and Andréa Leda Ramos de Oliveira. "Multicriteria decision analysis for fruits and vegetables routes based on the food miles concept." Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo 54, no. 1 (July 4, 2022): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.069.
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The aim of this research is to propose a performance evaluation system to rank the efficiency of fruit and vegetables (FV) distribution routes based on selected criteria related to logistic, distribution practices and physical losses that are part of the attributes associated with the food miles concept. To achieve this end, the multicriteria Preference Ranking Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) was adopted. The distance that a food item travels from the field to the table is an important logistical indicator and sooner it arrives in the hands of the consumer, the greater the degree of preservation of quality, i.e., the integrity of the item’s sensory and organoleptic characteristics. An analysis of the logistics involved should take into consideration issues such as distance, transportation time, pollutant emissions, conditioning, and all the other attributes pertinent to the food miles concept. Short routes were the most efficient, however the perishability of the product was not the main factor, this is because aspects related to a good ability to offer products, transport them safely and assertiveness in predicting demand contributed more to the high efficiency rates, thereby, it is the short routes that service the predilections of consumers who value locally produced food. Highlights: The performance of the efficiency of fruit and vegetables (FV) distribution based on food miles concept revels that the distance attribute is an important parameter; Product perishability was not the main factor that influenced the routes efficiency raking; Routes performance is multidimensional, considering operational aspects and sales management, safe transportation and assertiveness in predicting demand further, contributed to efficiency rates and reducing food losses and waste.
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Rostiyanti, H., and A. Z. Mubarok. "Development of electrochemical sensors for detection of organophosphate pesticides in fruits and vegetables: A review." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 924, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/924/1/012005.
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Abstract The use of pesticides for agricultural cultivation may prevent losses due to pest attacks, but excessive and uncontrolled use of pesticides may cause contamination of pesticide residues in the fruits and vegetables. Organophosphate pesticides are highly toxic and their residue in fruits and vegetables may cause neurological disorders in humans. Organophosphate residues may enter the body of animals and humans through oral routes or respiratory systems. Common analytical methods to detect organophosphate require complex sample preparation and sophisticated equipment. Electrochemical detection methods are an alternative in developing organophosphate detection methods in fruits and vegetables. This review provides an overview of the development and performance of electrochemical sensor technology to detect organophosphate residues in fruits and vegetables.
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Polat, A. Aytekin, and Oguzhan Caliskan. "Yield and Fruit Characteristics of Various Apricot Cultivars under Subtropical Climate Conditions of the Mediterranean Region in Turkey." International Journal of Agronomy 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/687345.
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Seven apricot cultivars (“Beliana,” “Canino,” “Precoce de Colomer,” “Feriana,” “Rouge de Sernhac,” “Tokaloğlu,” and “Macar”) were evaluated at the experimental orchard of the Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey. Phenological and pomological characteristics such as flowering period, average fruit weight, yield, fruit dimensions, flesh/seed ratio, acidity, and total soluble solids (TSSs) were examined. In addition, yield parameters of the cultivars were evaluated. Over four years, the highest average fruit weight was obtained from “Rouge de Sernhac” (37.9 g), while “Feriana” had the lowest (30.9 g). The flesh/seed ratio was the highest in the “Canino” (16.8). “Canino” had the highest TSS content with 14.5%, whereas “Beliana” had the lowest TSS value with 10.6%. “Beliana” and “Feriana” ripened the earliest (May 20) while “Precoce de Colomer” ripened latest (June 7). The average yield was highest on “Rouge de Sernhac” (41.2 kg/tree). “Beliana” and “Feriana” cultivars are recommended for precocity, and “Rouge de Sernhac” and “Tokaloğlu” for middle season in Dörtyol, Turkey.
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Lee, Ga-Eun, Hyo-Jeong Lee, and Rae-Dong Jeong. "Comprehensive Metatranscriptomic Analysis of Plant Viruses in Imported Frozen Cherries and Blueberries." Plant Pathology Journal 40, no. 4 (August 1, 2024): 377–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/ppj.oa.06.2024.0088.
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The possibility of new viruses emerging in various regions worldwide has increased due to a combination of factors, including climate change and the expansion of international trading. Plant viruses spread through various transmission routes, encompassing well-known avenues such as pollen, seeds, and insects. However, research on potential transmission routes beyond these known mechanisms has remained limited. To address this gap, this study employed metatranscriptomic analysis to ascertain the presence of plant viruses in imported frozen fruits, specifically cherries and blueberries. This analysis aimed to identify pathways through which plant viruses may be introduced into countries. Virome analysis revealed the presence of six species of plant viruses in frozen cherries and blueberries: cherry virus A (CVA), prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), prune dwarf virus (PDV), prunus virus F (PrVF), blueberry shock virus (BlShV), and blueberry latent virus (BlLV). Identifying these potential transmission routes is crucial for effectively managing and preventing the spread of plant viruses and crop protection. This study highlights the importance of robust quality control measures and monitoring systems for frozen fruits, emphasizing the need for proactive measures to mitigate the risk associated with the potential spread of plant viruses.
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Deneulin, P., J. Boven, C. Bourcet, and M. H. Corajod. "Tendance à plus de douceur dans les vins : comment les consommateurs apprécient-ils les vins avec léger sucre résiduel ?" BIO Web of Conferences 15 (2019): 02025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191502025.
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La tendance à des vins plus sucrés tend à se généraliser à l'échelle mondiale tant par le réchauffement climatique que par le changement de goût des consommateurs. Cette étude vise à recueillir l'appréciation des consommateurs suisses envers quatre vins blancs et quatre vins rouges de profils sensoriels variés, avec ou sans sucre résiduel. Les vins avec 6 à 9 g/L de sucres résiduels, qu'ils soient blancs ou rouges, sont globalement préférés des consommateurs. Toutefois et au-delà de cette préférence, il est possible d'identifier des sous-groupes de consommateurs aux préférences variables. Les jeunes femmes semblent également apprécier les vins blancs moins sucrés s'ils sont fruités. Au contraire, les personnes les plus âgées semblent se tourner vers les vins boisés ou aux arômes évolués.
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Samarasinghe, Y. M. P., C. A. K. Dissanayake, and M. M. Herath. "Application of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Based Mobile Tracking to Improve the Geo-traceability of Mango Supply Chain: A Case Study." Journal of Agricultural Sciences – Sri Lanka 19, no. 1 (January 5, 2024): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jas.v19i1.9702.
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Purpose: Location tracing of agricultural supply chains is vital to ensure food safety. Mango supply chain in Sri Lanka involves many intermediaries and lacks traceability. GNSS based mobile tracking is a potential technique to assure quality of fresh produce through improved geo-traceability. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the feasibility of mobile tracking to enhance the geo-traceability of ‘Karthakolomban’ mango. Research Method: Supply chains were chosen based on mango collectors in Kurunegala District. Movements of mango were traced by real-time tracking of supply chain actors using the software developed to obtain GPS location of mobile phones. Feasibility for mobile tracking was assessed using, location data, origin, route, speed, unnecessary delays and movements. Findings: Omaragolla mango supply chain was highly dynamic, where most of the actors, routes and origins were varied without pre-planning. Only 67% of considered supply chains were successfully tracked. Rest was unsuccessful due to lack of technical knowhow of supply chain actors and signal failures. Unnecessary movements yielding 13% of additional distance and cost were observed in 25% of the supply chains. Mobile tracking enabled the identification of movements of mango, where it can be used for pre-planning, monitoring of the routes of actors and ultimately to ensure the geo-traceability. Research limitation: Even though geo-traceability improves the traceability of the fruit supply chain, there are other methods to ensure the traceability. Therefore, should be tested separately as well as coupled with the current approach. Originality/value: Findings of the case study can be guided to implement mobile tacking for any fixed fruits and vegetables supply chain to improve the geo-traceability aiming the food safety of the country.
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Barak, Jeri D., Lara C. Kramer, and Ling-yun Hao. "Colonization of Tomato Plants bySalmonella entericaIs Cultivar Dependent, and Type 1 Trichomes Are Preferred Colonization Sites." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 2 (November 12, 2010): 498–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01661-10.
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ABSTRACTNontyphoid salmonellosis caused bySalmonella entericais the most common bacterial food-borne illness in humans, and fresh produce, including tomatoes, is a common vehicle. Accumulating data indicate that human enteric pathogenic bacteria, includingS. enterica, interact actively with plants. Tomato plants were inoculated withS. entericato evaluate plausible contamination routes and to determine if the tomato cultivar affectsS. entericacolonization.S. entericapopulation levels on tomato leaves were cultivar dependent.S. entericalevels onSolanum pimpinellifolium(West Virginia 700 [WVa700]) were lower than onS. lycopersicumcultivars.S. entericapreferentially colonized type 1 trichomes and rarely interacted with stomata, unlike what has been reported for cut lettuce leaves. EarlyS. entericaleaf colonization led to contamination of all fruit, with levels as high as 105CFU per fruit. Reduced bacterial speck lesion formation correlated with reducedS. entericapopulations in the phyllosphere. Tomato pedicels and calyxes also harbored largeS. entericapopulations following inoculation via contaminated water postharvest. WVa700 green fruit harbored significantly smallerS. entericapopulations than did red fruit orS. lycopersicumfruit. We found that plants irrigated with contaminated water had largerS. entericapopulations than plants grown from seeds planted in infested soil. However, both routes of contamination resulted in detectableS. entericapopulations in the phyllosphere. PhyllosphereS. entericapopulations pose a risk of fruit contamination and subsequent human disease. RestrictingS. entericaphyllosphere populations may result in reduced fruit contamination. We have identified WVa700 as a tomato cultivar that can restrictS. entericasurvival in the phyllosphere.
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Melough, Melissa M., Drew B. Day, Amanda M. Fretts, Sarah Wang, Joseph T. Flynn, Ian H. de Boer, Hongkai Zhu, Kurunthachalam Kannan, and Sheela Sathyanarayana. "Associations of Dietary Intake with Urinary Melamine and Derivative Concentrations among Children in the GAPPS Cohort." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (April 19, 2022): 4964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19094964.
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Melamine is a nephrotoxic industrial chemical. Diet is one source of melamine exposure, yet little work has examined the main dietary contributors, particularly among children. We evaluated associations of diet with urinary melamine and derivative concentrations among 123 children aged 4–6 years in the Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth cohort. Children’s diets on the day preceding urine collection were assessed using 24-h dietary recalls. Associations of meat, fruit, and grain intakes with melamine exposure were examined using multiple linear regression. Remaining food groups were examined in secondary analyses. Mean (SD) melamine, ammelide, and cyanuric acid concentrations were 6.1 (12.4), 1.9 (2.1), and 60.6 (221.2) ng/mL, respectively. The second tertile of red meat consumers had 98% (95% CI: 15%, 241%) greater melamine exposure than non-consumers, yet the highest consumers did not have increased exposure. Greater consumption of certain fruits was associated with lower urinary ammelide. The top yogurt consumers had 112% (95% CI: 29%, 247%) greater melamine exposure than non-consumers. Consumption of starchy vegetables excluding potatoes was associated with 139% (95% CI: 6%, 437%) greater urinary ammelide. These observed associations should be confirmed in future studies using larger samples and increased monitoring of non-dietary routes of exposure.
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Talib Siddiqui, Mohd. "AGRICULTURAL FOODS, FRUITS, ARTS ANDBUSINESS ROUTES: 14TH& 15TH CENTURY EASTERN INDIAN REGION(AN ANALYSIS)." International Journal of Advanced Research 11, no. 10 (October 31, 2023): 690–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/17757.
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Different varieties of fruits trading routs and agricultural foods are found in records, while shedding new lights on socio-economic and cultural activities of the people in eastern region specially Bengal and adjoining territories. Clear sketching about prosperity and flourishing trading business along with architecture and other artistic activities are drawn here with the help of travellers account and some other reference noted from contemporary historical chronicles and literatures. The centre of political gravity in 14th and 15th century Bengal, different name of towns like Gaur and Pandua rose one after another to be treated as capital town later on. Gaur became strategic town and commanded the routes that ran in different direction upward and downward the line of river Ganga leading to Chittagaon and other cities of this region. Even Pandua was also elevated and designed a well-planned and populated town, without any doubt, with all possible amenities of human life and centre of commercial activities with other parts of kingdom with rivers and land routes.
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da Silva, Aldo Rodrigues, Maria Carolina Anholeti, Marcia Pietroluongo, Eladio Flores Sanchez, Alessandra Leda Valverde, Selma Ribeiro de Paiva, Maria Raquel Figueiredo, Maria Auxiliadora Coelho Kaplan, and André Lopes Fuly. "Utilization of the Plant Clusia Fluminensis Planch & Triana Against Some Toxic Activities of the Venom of Bothrops jararaca and B. jararacussu Snake Venom Toxic Activities." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 19, no. 22 (October 24, 2019): 1990–2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026619666190724160711.
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Background: In Brazil, the Bothrops genus accounts for 87% of registered snakebites, which are characterized by hemorrhage, tissue necrosis, hemostatic disturbances, and death. The treatment recommended by governments is the administration of specific antivenoms. Although antivenom efficiently prevents venom-induced lethality, it has limited efficacy in terms of preventing local tissue damage. Thus, researchers are seeking alternative therapies able to inhibit the main toxic effects of venoms, without compromising safety. Objective: The study aimed to test the ability of aqueous extracts of leaves, stems, and fruits of the plant Clusia fluminensis to neutralize some toxic effects induced by the venoms of Bothrops jararaca and Bothrops jararacussu. Methods: The plant extracts were incubated with venoms for 30 min. at 25 °C, and then in vitro (coagulant and proteolytic) and in vivo (hemorrhagic, myotoxic, and edematogenic) activities were evaluated. In addition, the extracts were administered to animals (by oral, intravenous or subcutaneous routes) before or after the injection of venom samples, and then hemorrhage and edema assays were performed. In addition, a gel solution of the fruit extract was produced and tested in terms of reducing hemorrhage effects. A chemical prospection was performed to identify the main classes of compounds present in the extracts. Results: All the extracts inhibited the activities of the two venoms, regardless of the experimental protocol or route of administration of the extracts. Moreover, the gel of the fruit extract inhibited the venom-induced-hemorrhage. The extracts comprised of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and terpenoids. Conclusion: Antivenom properties of C. fluminensis extracts deserve further investigation in order to gain detailed knowledge regarding the neutralization profile of these extracts.
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Dai, Pengbo, Yuanyuan Jiang, Xiaofei Liang, Mark L. Gleason, Rong Zhang, and Guangyu Sun. "Trichothecium roseum Enters ‘Fuji’ Apple Cores Through Stylar Fissures." Plant Disease 104, no. 4 (April 2020): 1060–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-19-1559-re.
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Apple core rot, an economically important disease worldwide, appears both before and during harvest. Current gaps in understanding of the infection cycle impede progress toward more effective management of this disease. The fungus Trichothecium roseum is the main pathogen of core rot on apple in China. In this study, we used fluorescent labeling to trace colonization of T. roseum in floral tissues, characterizing routes of penetration to the core of ‘Fuji’ apples. T. roseum infected petals, anthers, filaments, stigmas and separated styles of flowers, and floral debris served as inoculum for core infection. In field inoculations, T. roseum entered styles initially through stylar fissures and colonized pluricellular hairs of these fissures during early stages of fruit development. Subsequently, hyphae grew along the extending fissures, which are continuations of stylar fissures located between stylar bases and carpel cavities. The hyphae remained in the extending fissures from mid-June to late July. When fruit developed an open sinus in late July, the sinus eventually fused with extending fissures and carpel cavities in late August, hyphae invaded carpel cavities, and ultimately fruit flesh via cracks on carpel cavity walls. Our results revealed for the first time the routes by which T. roseum penetrates apple fruit, and provided significant insights for strategic management of core rot.
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Hanson, Karla L., Claire Concepcion, and Leah C. Volpe. "Factors Associated with Participation in Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) among Low-Income Households: A Scoping Review." Nutrients 16, no. 15 (July 27, 2024): 2450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16152450.
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Households with limited financial resources often struggle with inadequate access to healthy, affordable food. Community supported agriculture (CSA) has the potential to improve access to fresh fruits and vegetables, yet low-income households seldom participate due to cost and other barriers. Cost-offset (or subsidized) CSA reduces financial barriers, yet engagement varies widely among those who enroll. This scoping review explored factors associated with CSA participation among low-income households in the United States. Eighteen articles met the inclusion criteria, quantitative and qualitative data were extracted, the evidence was synthesized, and themes were developed. The findings suggested that women may be more likely than men to enroll in CSA. A lack of familiarity with CSA may hinder enrollment, whereas more education and self-efficacy for food preparation may facilitate participation. In terms of share contents, high-quality produce, a variety of items, more fruit, a choice of share contents, and a choice of share sizes may facilitate participation. In terms of CSA operations, a low price, good value, acceptance of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, close pick-up locations on existing travel routes, delivery of shares, clear communication, fostering a sense of belonging and trust, and educational support may support participation. Together these findings support 13 recommendations for cost-offset CSA implementation to engage low-income households.
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Abubakar, A. R., I. H. Sani, S. Malami, and A. H. Yaro. "Neuropharmacological Activity of Various Fractions Obtained from Solanum aethiopicum (Linn.) Fruit in Mice." Journal of Basic and Social Pharmacy Research 1, no. 5 (2020): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52968/27459575.
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Background: Solanum aethiopicum (L.), family Solanaceae, is known as garden eggs. The fruit is used in the treatment of insomnia, diabetes and constipation. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate anxiolytic-like activity of fractions obtained from crude methanol extract of Solanum aethiopicum fruit. Method: Acute toxicity testing was conducted according to the OECD guidelines 420 via oral and intraperitoneal routes (ip). n-Hexane (HF), chloroform (CHF), ethyl-acetate (EAF), n-butanol (BF) and residual aqueous fraction (RAF) at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg ip were experimented using the open field, elevated plus maze, staircase, light dark box and hole-board tests. Results: Results: In open field test, there was statistically significant increase in frequency of central square entry by EAF 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg and RAF 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg all at p<0.05 compared to distilled water (D/W) group. Elevated plus maze test showed statistically significant increases in open arm entry and duration by CHF 25mg/kg, RAF 25mg/kg and 50mg/kg again at p<0.05. Also, in the staircase test, statistically significant decrease in frequency of rearing with no effect on step climbing was observed by RAF 25mg/kg (p< 0.05) compared to D/W. Light and dark box test produced increased light box entry and duration by EAF 25mg/kg, RAF 25mg/kg and 50mg/ kg at p<0.05. Furthermore, the hole -board test showed statistically significant increases in number of head dips by EAF 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg as well as RAF 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100 mg/kg at p<0.05. Conclusion: The fractions obtained from Solanum aethiopicum fruits possesses anxiolytic-like activity.
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Melnikov, Aleksandr Valerievich, Konstantin Olegovich Sibryaev, Maxim Michailovich Gorbachev, and Adel Damirovich Ibadullaev. "Evaluating technological feasibility of fruit and vegetable transportation by sea between ports of Caspian Sea." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2021, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2021-4-107-116.
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The modern process of fruit and vegetable transportation between countries depends not only on geographical, but also on political and economic factors, which makes for searching more efficient and shorter routes. The availability of such a transport opportunity as sea transportation between the ports of the Caspian Sea makes it possible to analyze new routes for the product transportation from Iran, Azerbaijan and other countries to Russia using dry cargo vessels that are currently used as the general cargo vessels. There have been analyzed the new routes for transportation of perishable products in refrigerated containers and assessed the possibility of their transportation on the “Volga” type bulk carriers. The routes “Astara (Azerbaijan) - Moscow”, “Astara - port Alat - port Kuryk - Moscow” have been illustrated. A general arrangement drawing of a “Volga” type dry cargo vessel (project 19610) is presented, the photographs of transporting timber and containers on the decks of dry cargo vessels are given. Calculating the load of the dry cargo ship’s power plant has shown a technical possibility of transporting 16 refrigerated containers on deck of the “Volga” type vessel without changes in the design of the ship’s power plant. Conclusions are made about the need to develop effective cargo transportation by waterways in modern conditions of the loss of traditional Russian suppliers of fruit and vegetable products, about the possibility of additional use of dry cargo ships, as well as the feasibility of developing a backup diesel generator for emergency power supply of deck refrigerated containers in connection with a possible increase in the capacity of the ship power plant.
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Costes, E., S. Jaffuel, A. Audubert, M. Jay, J. Lichou, and M. N. Demene. "Chronologie du développement du fruit en relation avec la croissance végétative chez l'abricotier Prunus armeniaca L. cv. Rouge du Roussillon." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 10 (October 1, 1995): 1548–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-168.
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The chronology of fruit development and vegetative growth is described for the apricot cultivar 'Rouge de Roussillon'. We observed a synchrony between the major events of fruit development and those of vegetative growth. This allows us to complete a descriptioon of phases in fruit by taking in account the unfurling of preformed, then newly formed parts of growth units (GU). During the first period, which lasts approximately 12 days following full flowering, numerous events unfold simultaneously. In the absence of leaves, everything the tree produces during this period depends on its reserves. During the second period (from around 12 to 30 days) cell division ceases in the future fruit and the preformed parts of the growth units unfurl. From 30 to 60 days after full flowering, the fruit develops little, while the neoformed parts of the growth units are formed. The cessation of growth is spread out at intervals during this period and, at 60 days, 80% of GU have ceased to grow. The embryo continues its development until about 90 days, while the number of growing shoots is limited. Finally, beyond 90 days, the fruit finishes its enlargement while new growth units appear on the tree. The period of direct concurrence between vegetative and floral development seems limited to the two early periods. In effect, the preformed leaves in the winter bud seem to be incapable of providing assimilates to all the growing organs. Consequently, the priority is alternatively vegetative growth (unfurling of newly formed leaves) then fruit development. Key words: apricot, embryogenesis, growth, flowering, fruit development. [Journal translation]
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Chaudhary, Birendra. "A Study on Problems of the Street Vendors in Lalbandi Municipality." Janajyoti Journal 2, no. 1 (August 19, 2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jj.v2i1.68304.
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Due to their lack of education and skills, street vendors are among the most vulnerable and impoverished groups in the urban informal labor market and business sector. They are also unable to obtain permanent positions in the lucrative formal sector. They constantly attempt to use their limited financial means to address the issues affecting their way of life. They serve as the primary distribution routes for a wide range of goods used on a daily basis, including fruits, vegetables, shoes, ready-made clothes, toys, household appliances, stationery, newspapers, and periodicals. A serious dilemma would arise for small-scale businesses that cannot afford to retail their products through pricey formal sector distribution networks, as well as fruit and vegetable growers, if they were to be removed from urban markets. So is found in the case of street vendors of Lalbandi Municipality. Thus, main purpose of conducting this study is to find out the problems faced by street vendors in Lalbandi Municipality. For this, descriptive research design is adopted to explore street vendors’ problems. Out of two hundred seventy-three street vendors of Lalbandi Municipality, thirty street vendors are chosen randomly. The street vendors who sell fruits, vegetables, prepared foods, and household appliances via local vehicles and permanent shelter are the subjects of the current study. The study showed that there is a noteworthy correlation between the issues encountered by the street vendors. The respondents’ general opinion of street sellers and the issues they encountered do not significantly correlate. In nutshell, the street vendors of Lalbandi Municipality have been facing various sorts of problems such as lack of security, price fluctuation, lack of sufficient amount, bribes to the authorities etc. and for that a comprehensive strategy that includes social protection measures, infrastructure and service investments, policy reforms, and initiatives to organize and empower street vendors is needed. Furthermore, the present study is useful to the stakeholders, policy makers and to those who have just started up their small-scale businesses.
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Yeo, Mohamed Anderson, Mohamed Ba Kone, Ernest Kouadio Koffi, and Lacina Coulibaly. "Evaluation des caractéristiques, morphologiques physico-chimiques et sensorielles de la purée de deux variétés de tomates locales produites à petite échelle à Man (Côte d’Ivoire)." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 2 (June 22, 2021): 622–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i2.19.
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Cette étude découle d’un vaste projet de production sur différents substrats (hors sol, plein champs) et de valorisation de la tomate, dans la région montagneuse de Man. Aussi, ces expériences, qui s’inscrivent dans le cadre de la valorisation par la transformation des fruits de la production, ont-elles été menées dans l’optique d’évaluer les caractéristiques morphologiques, physico-chimiques et sensorielles des fruits et de la purée des deux variétés de tomates produites. Il s’agit de la tomate traditionnelle (Tmt 1), variété la plus utilisée dans les ménages ruraux de la région montagneuse de Man et la tomate (Tmt 2), d’usage commun pour les plats de salades en zone urbaine. Cette dernière se reconnaît par ses fruits de forme allongée (Cf= 1,93±0,10> 1), de couleur rouge et moins foncée (Couleur ΔE 26,5±0,00) que la première variété (Couleur ΔE 30,3±0,00). Avec des taux de matière sèche différents ; (11,93±0,49% pour la purée de tomate Tmt 1 et de 8,81±0,52% pour la purée de tomate Tmt2, les purées qui en sont produites ont des teneurs très importantes en minéraux. Ces taux élevés pourraient ainsi permettre de compenser des carences en nutriments des populations de la zone. De plus, les pH aussi bas (3,93±0,00) pour la purée de Tmt1 et 4,13±0,01 pour celle de Tmt2, confèrent une acidité élevée à ces purées et donc une meilleure conservation. Le traitement thermique appliqué au produit à 80 °C pendant 15 Minutes garantit à la purée une bonne stabilité microbiologique conforme à la norme AFNOR (NFV-08-402). L’analyse sensorielle, basée sur les critères de la couleur (rouge), le goût salé, l’acidité et la consistance révèle que la purée produite à partir de la tomate Tmt1 est la plus appréciée des dégustateurs.Mots clés : Tomate, Morphologie, purées, physico-chimique, Man, Côte d’Ivoire
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Batista, Renato Rocha, Marcelo S. Bacelos, Gisele de Lorena Diniz Chaves, Taisa S. Lira, and Leonardo Arrieche. "Routes of technological exploitation of agricultural waste for power generation." Latin American Journal of Energy Research 2, no. 1 (August 5, 2015): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21712/lajer.2015.v2.n1.p15-27.
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Abstract: The use of agricultural residues as a bioenergy source has aroused increasing interest in the bioenergy sector. This paper discusses the exploitation of cocoa and coffee husks using anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis and direct combustion technologies. The structural synthesis method that was used to obtain electricity was performed using a State Tree. Structural elements were combined to form branches for each chemical route. Structural optimisation was conducted using the heuristic method. The promising technological routes included the anaerobic digestion of cocoa husks in a batch reactor and the pyrolysis of coffee husks preceded by pelletisation. The systematic representation of the problem using the process engineering approach was a promising method for evaluating the process of obtaining energy from fruit wastes.
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Paisarnvirosrak, Nattapol, and Phornprom Rungrueang. "Firefly Algorithm with Tabu Search to Solve the Vehicle Routing Problem with Minimized Fuel Emissions: Case Study of Canned Fruits Transport." LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logi-2023-0024.
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Abstract Nowadays, logistics is used to assess economic growth and address energy consumption and environmental problems. Optimizing collection and delivery routes reduces fuel consumption and cost, thereby minimizing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) is addressed to identify routes that minimize total transportation costs, fuel consumption, and GHG emissions based on collection and delivery activities. Firefly Algorithm (FA) integrated with Tabu Search (TS) as (FATS) was proposed within the case study concerning canned fruit transport. The results showed that the proposed method outperformed the existing approaches and reduced the fuel consumption from 31,286 to 26,314 litres per year. The proposed algorithm also reduced the number of used vehicles from seven to six, as five 6-wheel trucks and one 4-wheel truck, with transportation cost reduced from 1,061,851 to 893,108 Baht per year, as well as greenhouse gas emissions, which were reduced from 90,730 to 76,312 kg CO 2 per year.
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Salifou, Aboudou D., Ghislaine Babatounde, and Arcadius Y. J. Akossou. "Effet du mode de semis et de la couleur des accessions d’anacardier (Anacardium occidentale L.) sur le rendement en noix au Nord-Est du Bénin." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 24 (July 31, 2022): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n24p149.
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L’anacarde représente de nos jours une culture de rente de premier plan pour le Bénin. Bien qu’une attention particulière soit apportée à la filière anacarde, cette dernière demeure confrontée à un certain nombre de problèmes, notamment la méconnaissance des rendements des différentes accessions. Cette étude s’est proposé d’évaluer l’effet de l’âge, de la couleur des pommes et du mode de semis/plantation de l’arbre sur le rendement de différentes accessions. Dans ce cadre, des données ont été collectées sur 54 arbres, choisis selon l’âge, la couleur des pommes et le mode de semis. Le dispositif comporte deux modes de semis (semis direct et semis de plants issus de pot), trois catégories d’âge (9, 16 et 20 ans) et trois types de couleur : rouge, jaune et intermédiaire (jaune-rouge). Trois arbres ont été retenus pour chaque combinaison de modalités des facteurs. La récolte intégrale des noix a été réalisée sur chaque arbre à travers le ramassage périodique (chaque semaine) des fruits tombés sur des bâches jusqu’à la fin de la campagne. Les fruits ramassés à chaque collecte ont été pesés et le nombre de graines dans un kilogramme a été compté. Il ressort des résultats que la couleur de la pomme a un effet significatif (p = 0,006) sur le rendement par arbre, contrairement à l’âge et au mode de semis. Les arbres à pommes de couleur rouge donnent les meilleurs rendements en noix que les arbres à pomme de couleur jaune et les arbres à pomme de couleur intermédiaire, quel que soit le mode de semis et les âges de ces arbres à l’exception des arbres âgés de 20 ans. Aussi, le nombre de noix par kilogramme sur des arbres portant des pommes de couleur rouge est significativement différent (p = 0,007) de celui relatif aux arbres portant des fruits de couleur intermédiaire (prise comme modalité de référence). Pour tous les arbres, quels que soient leur âge et la couleur de leur pomme, le rendement par arbre ne varie significativement pas (p=0365), selon que l’arbre soit issu du mode de semis direct ou du mode de semis par pot. Néanmoins, une légère augmentation des rendements a été notée au niveau des arbres issus de semis par pots. Ces informations constituent des données exploratoires pour les programmes de sélection variétale et d’amélioration de rendement de l’espèce.
The cashew nut nowadays represents a leading cash crop for Benin. Although particular attention is paid to the cashew sector, the latter is however confronted with a certain number of problems, in particular the lack of knowledge of the yields of different accessions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of age, the color of apples, and tree planting method on the yield of the tree. In this context, data were collected on 54 trees, chosen according to age, apple color and planting method. The design included two planting methods (direct planting and planting of plants from pots), three age categories (9, 16, and 20 years), and three types of apples color: red, yellow, and intermediate (yellow-red). Three trees were selected for each combination of factor levels. The complete nuts harvest was carried out on each tree, through the periodic collection (weekly) of the fruit that fell on the tarps until the end of the campaign. The nuts collected at each collection were weighed and the number of cashew nuts in a kilogram was counted. It appears from the results that the cashew apple color had a significant effect (p = 0.006) on yield per tree, in contrast to the age and planting method. Red-colored apple trees gave the best nuts yields than yellow-colored apple trees and intermediate-colored apple trees, regardless of the planting method and the ages of these trees, except for trees aged 20 years. Also, the number of nuts per kilogram on trees with red-colored apples is significantly different (p = 0.007) from that relating to trees bearing intermediate-colored apples (taken as the reference level). For all trees, regardless of their age and apple color, the yield per tree did not vary significantly (p=0.365), depending on whether the tree came from the direct planting method or the pot planting method. However, a slight increase in yields was noted for trees grown in pots. This information provides exploratory data for varietal selection and yield improvement programs for the species.
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Bakka, Sergey, and Nadezhda Kiseleva. "The status of Listera cordata cenopopulation in the nurgush state nature reserve." BIO Web of Conferences 38 (2021): 00009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213800009.
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The census of Listera was conducted on routes with a total length of 11.05 km on 2020. The width of the recording transect was 10 m. In suitable habitats, plants were located in relatively dense groups, separated from each other by considerable distances. We have revealed 31 subpopulations of Listera with a total of 283 generative shoots and 1949 vegetative ones. The density of Listera in the surveyed habitats was 3.50 ind./ha, density in the subpopulations was from 5 to 13 ind./sq.m, on the average 6.81 ind./sq.m. All the Subpopulations were confined to areas of moss cover dominated by sphagnum mosses, but with the obligatory presence of Polytrichum commune and hypnum mosses. The setting and ripening of Listera fruits in 2020 were high: fruits were developed from 84% of flowers. The Tulashor site of the Nurgush State Nature Reserve plays an important role for the conservation of Listera cordata in the Kirov region.
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He, Yufeng, Haixia Pu, Nianhua Liu, Yongchuan Zhang, and Yehua Sheng. "An Analysis of Food Accessibility of Mountain Cities in China: A Case Study of Chongqing." Applied Sciences 12, no. 7 (March 22, 2022): 3236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12073236.
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Mountain cities are characterized by undulating terrain, complex road networks, and diverse road facilities, which makes accessing food more difficult than in cities with a flat terrain. This study proposes an enhanced two-step method based on the Baidu map service for the construction of supermarket–market–retail food sales architecture and for calculating food accessibility. The accessibility indices of seven major food categories (grains and oils, fruits, vegetables, seafood, meat, milk, and eggs) were calculated considering the principle of the fairest walking routes in Chongqing. The correlations between food accessibility and house price and house age in Chongqing were explored through local Moran’s analysis and geographically weighted regression. The correlations illustrated the fairness of the distribution of food accessibility in Chongqing among the poor and rich. The experiments showed generally well-developed food accessibility in the main urban areas of Chongqing. However, accessibility to fresh fruits and vegetables lagged in newly built urban areas.
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Morin, Lise. "Quelques rouages de la machine fantastique dans « Les messagers de l’ascenseur »." Études 19, no. 1 (August 30, 2006): 132–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/201073ar.
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Résumé L'effet d'éblouissement joue à plein dans le récit fantastique, si bien que le lecteur, aveuglé par le contact avec l'improbable (fût-il littéraire), oublie souvent que l'oeuvre qu'il a sous les yeux est le fruit d'une construction. Il s'agira ici d'identifier, dans une nouvelle de fantastique, canonique, quelques stratégies d'écriture destinées à agir sur la lecture. Une utilisation habile de signaux d'objectivité linguistique et de subjectivité linguistique permet de renforcer la plausibilité du récit. Les jeux de narration, lefonction-; nement actantiel et la structure herméneutique embrouillent la lecture/le déchiffrement du texte. Les codes fantastique, littéraire, social et médical inscrits dans le texte traduisent un intérêt marqué pour l'a-normal et l'excentrique.
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Cavallini, Marta, Gianluca Lombardo, Claudio Cantini, Mauro Gerosa, and Giorgio Binelli. "Genetic Insights into the Historical Attribution of Variety Names of Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in Northern Italy." Genes 15, no. 7 (July 1, 2024): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes15070866.
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The sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is subject to the progressive disappearance of its traditional chestnut groves. In the northern part of Italy, where distribution of the sweet chestnut is fragmented, many local varieties continue to be identified mostly by oral tradition. We characterised by SSRs eleven historically recognised varieties of sweet chestnut in the area surrounding Lake Como, with the goal of giving a genetic basis to the traditional classification. We performed classical analysis about differentiation and used Bayesian approaches to detect population structure and to reconstruct demography. The results revealed that historical and genetic classifications are loosely linked when chestnut fruits are just “castagne”, that is, normal fruits, but increasingly overlap where “marroni” (the most prized fruits) are concerned. Bayesian classification allowed us to identify a homogeneous gene cluster not recognised in the traditional assessment of the varieties and to reconstruct possible routes used for the propagation of sweet chestnut. We also reconstructed ancestral relationships between the different gene pools involved and dated ancestral lineages whose results fit with palynological data. We suggest that conservation strategies based on a genetic evaluation of the resource should also rely on traditional cultural heritage, which could reveal new sources of germplasm.
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K., Cherono, and Workneh T.S. "THE EFFICACY OF POSTHARVEST BIOCONTROL TREATMENTS IN CONTROLLING SPOILAGE OF TOMATO FRUIT IN SOUTH AFRICAN COMMERCIAL SUPPLY CHAINS." Journal of Engineering in Agriculture and the Environment 5, no. 2 (November 18, 2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37017/jeae.v5i2.59.
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In this study, the effectiveness of postharvest biocontrol treatments using B-13 yeast isolate in controlling spoilage of tomato fruit was evaluated in selected commercial supply chains in South Africa. Mature green tomatoes were harvested from three commercial farms in Limpopo (Musina, Mooketsi and Pont drift) during summer and transported through the three supply routes to Pietermaritzburg, where four postharvest treatments were applied to the fruit, then stored in ambient and cold storage (11oC) conditions. The fruit was sampled over a 30-day storage period and its firmness, colour, weight loss, marketability and incidences of decay assessed. Fruit stored under ambient conditions had higher incidences decay, diseases and physiological disorders compared to samples stored in cold storage, with these incidences varying widely with pre-storage treatments applied on the fruit. The supply chain route significantly (p≤0.05) influenced the physicochemical and subjective quality of tomato fruit. Biocontrol treatment reduced mass loss of fruit and had comparable physicochemical and subjective attributes to chlorine treated fruit. Biocontrol treatment was also effective in maintaining fruit firmness and colour for the first eight days of storage. Biocontrol treated fruit had 7.9% and 7.7% lower mass loss compared to control and chlorine fruit treated fruit, respectively. Although, biocontrol treatment showed promising prospects in controlling tomato spoilage and improving its shelf life, integrating it with other treatments should be further tested to improve its efficacy.
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Gaspar, Pedro Dinis, Radu Godina, and Rui Barrau. "Influence of Orchard Cultural Practices during the Productive Process of Cherries through Life Cycle Assessment." Processes 9, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9061065.
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This study describes the influence of orchard cultural practices during the productive process of cherries on the environmental impact in terms of energy, air, soil and water through a “farm to market” Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The results were used to identify the orchard cultural practices that contribute significantly to the environmental impact and to find solutions to reduce those impacts, serving as best practices guide to improving the environmental performance and as benchmarks for other national and international cherry and fruit growers. Primary data for production, harvest and post-harvest periods were gathered experimentally. The openLCA 1.10.2 software and the ecoinvent 3.5 database were used for modelling. Test case scenarios are modelled to identify the influence of cultural practices in low and high cherry production campaigns depending on climatic conditions and consequently diseases and plagues. Moreover, results are compared with other studies, not only covering cherries but also other fruits. The energy consumption per hectare in the production phase is similar in test scenarios. The energy consumption of orchard cultural practices related to tractor use, fertilizers and fungicides application are the main hotspots in terms of global warming, freshwater ecotoxicity and eutrophication, and terrestrial acidification. The use of electric vehicles, change the warehouse location or redefine transportation routes can reduce this impact, along with the optimization of the cherry’s quantity transported in each trip. In addition, the use of plant protection products, fertilizers and herbicides with less environmental impact will contribute to this objective. For that, the use of agriculture and precision systems to predict the need for fertilizers (nutrients), herbicides and fungicides, the use of decision support systems to define the dates of cultural practices, as well as innovative and emerging food and by-products processing methods are suggested. Thus, this study identifies and quantifies the environmental impacts associated with the production system of cherries and their main hotspots. It provides a best-practices guide for sustainable solutions in orchard management that contributes to the competitiveness and sustainability of fruit companies.
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Arias, Maria Belen, Samia Elfekih, and Alfried P. Vogler. "Population genetics and migration pathways of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata inferred with coalescent methods." PeerJ 6 (August 7, 2018): e5340. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5340.
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Background Invasive species are a growing threat to food biosecurity and cause significant economic losses in agricultural systems. Despite their damaging effect, they are attractive models for the study of evolution and adaptation in newly colonised environments. The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, as a member of the family Tephritidae, is one of the most studied invasive species feeding on many fruit crops in the tropics and subtropics worldwide. This study aims to determine the global macrogeographic population structure of Ceratitis capitata and reconstruct its potential migration routes. Method A partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene from >400 individual medflies and 14 populations from four continents was sequenced and subjected to Bayesian demographic modelling. Results The Afrotropical populations (Kenya, South Africa and Ghana) harbour the majority of haplotypes detected, which also are highly divergent, in accordance with the presumed ancestral range of medflies in Sub-Saharan Africa. All other populations in the presumed non-native areas were dominated by a single haplotype also present in South Africa, in addition to a few, closely related haplotypes unique to a single local population or regional set, but missing from Africa. Bayesian coalescence methods revealed recent migration pathways from Africa to all continents, in addition to limited bidirectional migration among many local and intercontinental routes. Conclusion The detailed investigation of the recent migration history highlights the interconnectedness of affected crop production regions worldwide and pinpoints the routes and potential source areas requiring more specific quarantine measures.
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Masqui, Marcia, Jhonny Gavilánez, Kelly Pilco, and Carlos Jácome. "Essential oils with antimicrobial effect obtained from citrus fruits for food preservation." Journal of Agro-industry Sciences 4, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/jais.2022.005.
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Essential oils are compounds that are formed by several lipidic aromatic substances found in different parts of a plant. There are many plants with different essential oils and different extraction methods are used to take advantage of the diverse properties they offer. In recent times, the resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics opens the interest to search for new routes of antimicrobial control of natural origin, and within them, essential oils have enormous potential. They have a wide variety of chemical compounds that act establishing synergism relationships to perform antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal, antiviral, and other activities that characterize them. Citrus essential oils are an economical, ecological, and natural alternative to chemical preservatives. The extraction of citrus oils from waste peels not only protects the environment, but can also be used in various applications, including food preservation. Current needs to reduce allergenic effects caused by certain foods demand urgent research in this area; studies and applications of citrusderived essential oils show a clear technological and ecological alternative to solve this problem.
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Сенюк, І. В., В. М. Кравченко, and Бенарафа Ібрахім Амін. "Phytochemical characteristics and the study of acute toxicity of extracts from fruit Рrunus domestica." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 1 (February 23, 2022): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.1.22.09.
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The increased demand for modern phytopreparations is dictated by their wide application in the complex treatment of various diseases, the presence of low toxicity and the pharmacoeconomic component. Phytochemical analysis of medicinal plants reveals not only potential therapeutic effects, but also assumes their toxicological properties. In this context, the Prunus domestica, widely spread on the territory of our country and well known for its medicinal properties and applications in folk medicine, has attracted our attention.
The aim of the work was to investigate the phytochemical composition of extracts obtained from fruit Prunus domestica and to study their toxic properties.
Phytochemical analysis of the extracts obtained from fruits Prunus domestica was carried out according to the original method of extracting biologically active compounds, using instrumental research methods using modern laboratory analytical equipment.
Studies of the safety of four extracts from Prunus domestica (liquid EC-1, EC-2 and dry CEPC, CEV) with the calculation of median lethal doses were carried out on mice and rats with the single intragastric and intraperitoneal routes of administration according to the method of T. V. Pastushenko. The degree of toxicity was determined according to the classification of K. K. Sidorov.
Phytochemical study of extracts from fruit Prunus domestica provided information on the presence in their chemical composition of flavonoids, the sum of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, neutral sugars, amino acids, organic and hydroxycinnamic acids. A higher content of the sum of phenolic compounds in the aqueous (ЕС-1) and alcoholic extracts (ЕС-2) as well as the presence of neutral sugars as products of hydrolysis of homopolysaccharides (СEV extract) and heteropolysaccharides (CEPC extract).
Experimental studies proved that EC-1, EC-2, CEPC and SEV extracts had low toxicity beyond 15 000 mg/kg when administered orally and 3 000 mg/kg when administered intraperitoneally. The LD50 of the studied extracts of mice and rats after intraperitoneal injection was determined, which was more than 3 000 mg/kg.
The chemical composition of biologically active compounds of extracts from the fruit Prunus domestica, which provides promising directions for further study of their pharmacological properties, has been investigated.
Analysis of experimental data on acute toxicity of the studied extracts showed that they belong to the IV class of toxicity “relatively harmless substances", according to K. K. Sidorov classification. The LD50 of extracts from the fruit Prunus domestica for oral administration could not be determined, and the LD50 of the studied extracts for mice and rats after intraperitoneal administration was more than 3 000 mg/kg.
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do Nascimento Nunes, M. Cecilia, Mike Nicometo, Jean Pierre Emond, Ricardo Badia Melis, and Ismail Uysal. "Improvement in fresh fruit and vegetable logistics quality: berry logistics field studies." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372, no. 2017 (June 13, 2014): 20130307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2013.0307.
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Shelf life of fresh fruits and vegetables is greatly influenced by environmental conditions. Increasing temperature usually results in accelerated loss of quality and shelf-life reduction, which is not physically visible until too late in the supply chain to adjust logistics to match shelf life. A blackberry study showed that temperatures inside pallets varied significantly and 57% of the berries arriving at the packinghouse did not have enough remaining shelf life for the longest supply routes. Yet, the advanced shelf-life loss was not physically visible. Some of those pallets would be sent on longer supply routes than necessary, creating avoidable waste. Other studies showed that variable pre-cooling at the centre of pallets resulted in physically invisible uneven shelf life. We have shown that using simple temperature measurements much waste can be avoided using ‘first expiring first out’. Results from our studies showed that shelf-life prediction should not be based on a single quality factor as, depending on the temperature history, the quality attribute that limits shelf life may vary. Finally, methods to use air temperature to predict product temperature for highest shelf-life prediction accuracy in the absence of individual sensors for each monitored product have been developed. Our results show a significant reduction of up to 98% in the root-mean-square-error difference between the product temperature and air temperature when advanced estimation methods are used.
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Bhia, Mohammed, Mahzad Motallebi, Banafshe Abadi, Atefeh Zarepour, Miguel Pereira-Silva, Farinaz Saremnejad, Ana Cláudia Santos, et al. "Naringenin Nano-Delivery Systems and Their Therapeutic Applications." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13020291.
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Naringenin (NRG) is a polyphenolic phytochemical belonging to the class of flavanones and is widely distributed in citrus fruits and some other fruits such as bergamot, tomatoes, cocoa, and cherries. NRG presents several interesting pharmacological properties, such as anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the therapeutic potential of NRG is hampered due to its hydrophobic nature, which leads to poor bioavailability. Here, we review a wide range of nanocarriers that have been used as delivery systems for NRG, including polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), nanosuspensions, and nanoemulsions. These nanomedicine formulations of NRG have been applied as a potential treatment for several diseases, using a wide range of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models and different routes of administration. From this review, it can be concluded that NRG is a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of various diseases such as cancer, neurological disorders, liver diseases, ocular disorders, inflammatory diseases, skin diseases, and diabetes when formulated in the appropriate nanocarriers.
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Condor A., Lizbet A., Heidy L. Choque M., and Natali J. Miranda R. "REUTILIZACIÓN DEL DESPERDICIO DE FRUTAS PARA EL APROVECHAMIENTO EN NUEVAS FIBRAS." Revista Cientifica TECNIA 27, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21754/tecnia.v27i1.131.
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El presente trabajo de investigación busca enfrentar la problemática actual en referencia al desperdicio en crecimiento de alimentos perecibles ocasionados por deficiencias en la distribución debido a los diversos percances en las rutas de transporte desde las provincias hasta la capital, que es el principal mercado para los agricultores y comerciantes dentro del país. Con el análisis de determinadas frutas seleccionadas en un alto estado de maduración se demostrará características y utilidades de la reutilización de estas en referencia al reemplazo del cuero, generando un producto sostenible y económico. Palabras clave.- frutas, reutilización, cuero, sostenible. ABSTRACT This research seeks to address the current problem in reference to the growing waste of perishable foodstuffs caused by deficiencies in distribution due to the various mishaps on the transport routes from the provinces to the capital, which is the main market for farmers. With the analysis of selected fruits, characteristics and uses of the reuse of these will be demonstrated in reference to the replacement of leather, generating a sustainable and economic product. Keywords.- Fruits, reuse, leather, sustainable.
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Steyn, W. J., D. M. Holcroft, S. J. E. Wand, and G. Jacobs. "Regulation of Pear Color Development in Relation to Activity of Flavonoid Enzymes." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 129, no. 1 (January 2004): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.129.1.0006.
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Changes in activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and UDPGalactose: flavonoid-3-o-glycosyltransferase (UFGT) during the development of pear (Pyrus communis L.) fruit and in response to cold fronts were assessed and related to changes in red color. Red and blushed pear cultivars attained maximum redness and highest anthocyanin concentrations in immature fruit. Red color generally faded toward harvest. UFGT activity increased over fruit development and was apparently not limiting to color development. However, the fading of red color and the decreasing level of phenolic compounds toward harvest might relate to decreasing PAL activity. Skin color and enzyme activity in the red pear `Bon Rouge' displayed little responsiveness to low temperatures. In contrast, low temperatures increased red color and activity of both PAL and UFGT in the blushed pear `Rosemarie'. Consistent with the general pigmentation pattern described above, the effect of temperature on enzyme activity was much greater early during fruit development than in the week before harvest.
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Wang, Ru-Yu, Pei Hu, Chia-Cheng Hu, and Jeng-Shyang Pan. "A novel Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm with quasi-affine transformation evolutionary for numerical optimization and application." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 18, no. 2 (February 2022): 155014772110730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15501477211073037.
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The Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm is a swarm intelligence algorithm with strong versatility and high computational efficiency. However, when faced with complex multi-peak problems, Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm tends to converge prematurely. In response to this situation, this article proposes a new optimized structure—Quasi-affine Transformation evolutionary for the Fruit fly Optimization Algorithm. The new algorithm uses the evolution matrix in QUasi-Affine TRansformation Evolution algorithm to update the position coordinates of particles. This strategy makes the movement of particles more scientific and the search space broader. In order to prove its effectiveness, we compare Quasi-affine Transformation evolutionary for the Fruit fly Optimization Algorithm with five other mature intelligent algorithms, and test them on 22 different types of benchmark functions. In order to observe the multi-faceted performance of Quasi-affine Transformation evolutionary for the Fruit fly Optimization Algorithm more intuitively, we also conduct experiments on algorithm convergence analysis, the Friedman test, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and running time comparison. Through the above several comparative experiments, Quasi-affine Transformation evolutionary for the Fruit fly Optimization Algorithm has indeed demonstrated its strong competitiveness. Finally, we apply it to Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem. Through comparing with the contrast algorithms, it is confirmed that Quasi-affine Transformation evolutionary for the Fruit fly Optimization Algorithm can achieve better vehicle routes planning.