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1
Shifriss, Chen, and Eli Eidelman. "An Approach to Parthenocarpy in Peppers." HortScience 21, no. 6 (December 1986): 1458–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.21.6.1458.
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Abstract Environmental parthenocarpy leading to seedless fruits is a well-known phenomenon in pepper, particularly when the crop is exposed to low temperatures before and during anthesis. The resulting fruits show large variation in fruit deformation and are of low marketable value. Genetic parthenocarpy controlling even shape may be useful for fruits for both home use and industrial processing. However, parthenocarpic pepper cultivars are an attractive goal that is still far from realization. From greenhouse pot experiments (2) carried out over 3 years with ‘California Wonder’, fruit weights of up to 150 g were obtained with a high correlation between seed number and fruit weight. Linear regression from this study demonstrated that parthenocarpic fruit of ‘California Wonder’ weigh 60–70 g, about half that of the largest-seeded fruit. Fruit of greenhouse plants weigh about half that of field-grown fruit. It is expected that the parthenocarpic fruits in the field will weigh more than 60–70 g. Moreover, in cultivars with “giant” fruits, in which the realization of large fruit weight depends on the genetic potential for weight and seed number, the parthenocarpic fruits are expected to be heavier than in the parthenocarpic Belltype cultivars.
2
Gill, AM, MIH Brooker, and PHR Moore. "Seed Weights and Numbers as a Function of Fruit Size and Subgenus in Some Eucalyptus Species From South-Western Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 40, no. 1 (1992): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9920103.
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The woody fruits of 21 species belonging to four different subgeneric groups in Eucalyptus held contents which consisted of 'particles' that were either fertile or sterile, i.e. 'seeds' or 'ovulodes' respectively. The biggest fruits were 9 times wider than the smallest and more than 200 times heavier. Mean numbers of particles per fruit varied from 49 to 953; mean numbers of seeds per fruit varied from 0.8 to 108. Rising trends against mean oven-dry wall weight of fruits (i.e. fruits minus contents) were found for mean numbers of particles per fruit, mean particle weight and total weight of fruit contents. Using oven-dry weights of components as an index of the energetic costs of their production, costs per particle rose as fruit weights increased. Costs per seed rose to a maximum for fruits up to a dry weight of nearly 10 g but the four largest-fruited species had a relatively low cost for seeds per unit of wall weight. Species of Monocalyptus had fewer but bigger particles than species of Symphyomyrtus. Species of Eudesmia occupied an intermediate position.
3
Mohamed Arba and Siham Farhat. "Effects of fruit thinning and some fruit and cladode components on fruit growth and fruit weight of cactus pear Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill." International Journal of Frontiers in Science and Technology Research 3, no. 1 (July 30, 2022): 027–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.53294/ijfstr.2022.3.1.0041.
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The aim of this paper is to study the effect of fruit thinning and some fruit and cladode components on fruit growth and weight of cactus pear Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. The relationships between the fruit fresh weight and each of the parameters number of fruits per cladode, surface of cladodes and the dry weight of cladodes are studied. Experiments were carried out on an adult plantation of cactus pear in the Agadir area. Fruit thinning treatments used were: T: control without thinning, T1: thinning treatment of 6 fruits per cladode and T2: thinning treatment of 12 fruits per cladode. The size of cladodes used are: the small cladodes (C1), the medium cladodes (C2) and the large cladodes (C3). Obtained results showed that fruit thinning and the surface of cladodes and the interaction of the two factors have a significant effect (p ≤ 0.001) on fruit growth. On May 10, 2019, the highest rate of growth was obtained with the combination T1/C3 (thinning treatment T1 and large cladodes C3), with 1.6 cm for fruit length and 1 cm for fruit diameter, and the lowest rate of growth was obtained with the combination C1/T (not thinned plants and small cladodes C1) with 0.5 cm for fruit length and 0.3 cm for fruit diameter. The ratio dry weight of cladodes/ number of fruits per cladode has a significant effect (p ≤ 0.001) on the fruit fresh weight. The increase in the dry weight of cladodes and the reduction in the number of fruits per cladode leads to the production of fruits with large size. Positive linear relationships exist between the fruit fresh weight and the ratio dry weight of cladodes/ number of fruits per cladode, between the fruit fresh weight and the number of fruits per cladode, and between the fruit fresh weight and the surface of cladodes and the coefficient of determination R2 for each linear relationship is close to 1.
4
Chakrabarty, S., and A. K. M. Aminul Islam. "Selection Criteria for Improving Yield in Chili (Capsicum annuum)." Advances in Agriculture 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5437870.
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The present investigation was carried out to estimate the genetic variability and character association. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes for all the 15 traits for 20 chili genotypes. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation were found for ten edible fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, ten dry fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, and weight of seeds per fruit. High heritability coupled with very high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for ten edible fruit weight, ten dry fruit weight, fruit length, number of fruits per plant, and fruit yield per plant. Phenotypic correlation coefficient among different traits indicated that fruit yield per plant at green stage had significant and positive association with ten edible green fruit weight, number of primary branches, harvest duration, and first fruit maturity and significant negative correlation with days to first picking. The path coefficient analysis revealed that days to first picking had the maximum positive direct effect on fruit yield per plant followed by harvest duration, ten edible fruit weight, ten dry fruit weight, hundred-seed weight, number of fruits per plant, first fruit maturity, and number of primary branches. Days to first picking had the maximum positive direct effect but significant negative effect with fruit yield per plant which indicated that the trait should be selected to expunge the undesirable indirect effect in order to make use of the direct effect. Therefore, selection should be practiced for ten edible fruit weight, ten dry fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, harvest duration, and hundred-seed weight for direct improvement of fruit yield per plant.
5
McGarry, Roisin, Jocelyn A. Ozga, and Dennis M. Reinecke. "Fruit Development in Saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.)." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 682f—682. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.682f.
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Saskatoon fruits, an emerging horticultural crop across the Canadian prairies, vary greatly in size among cultivars. In this study, we compare fruit development patterns among large, medium, and small fruited cultivars of saskatoon, and assess the role of seed number and pedicel diameter on fruit size. Fruit growth patterns of four cultivars (Thiessen, Northline, Regent, and Smoky) were determined from weekly measurements of fruit diameters and fresh and dry flower/fruit weights during two consecutive growing seasons. The developmental patterns of fruit growth determined using the above criteria were similar among cultivars and between years. At maturity, the largest fruits (fresh weight) obtained were from cv. Thiessen, followed by `Northline', `Smoky', and `Regent', in descending order. Pedicel diameters (one week prior to maturity) correlated linearly with increasing fruit diameter and fresh weight. At maturity, seed number per fruit correlated linearly with increasing fruit weight. Thiessen contained significantly more seeds per fruit (4.6) than `Northline' (3.7), `Smoky' (3.2), and `Regent' (3.2).
6
Marini, Richard P., James R. Schupp, Tara Auxt Baugher, and Robert Crassweller. "Relationships between Fruit Weight and Diameter at 60 Days after Bloom and at Harvest for Three Apple Cultivars." HortScience 54, no. 1 (January 2019): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13591-18.
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Early-season fruit diameter measurements for ‘Gala’, ‘Fuji’, and ‘Honeycrisp’ apples in three orchards for 3 years were used to develop regression models to estimate fruit weight at harvest. Fruit weight at harvest was linearly related to fruit diameter 60 days after bloom, but intercepts and slopes were not homogeneous for all nine combinations of orchards and years for any of the cultivars. When the entire data set for a cultivar was used to develop a single predictive model, the model was biased and underpredicted fruit weight for small fruit and overpredicted fruit weight for large fruit. Adding the ratio of (fruit weight/fruit diameter) at 60 days after bloom to the model with fruit diameter at 60 days after bloom produced a less-biased model with improved coefficients of determination, and predicted values were more similar to the observed values. The (fruit weight/fruit diameter) ratio was positively related to cumulative growing degree days for the 60 days before the fruit were measured and tended to be lower in years when fruits were exposed to frosts. These multiple regression models can be used to develop tables with predicted fruit weights at harvest for varying combinations of fruit diameter and (fruit weight/fruit diameter) ratio 60 days after bloom.
7
Shetty, Nischit V., and Todd C. Wehner. "Estimation of Fruit Grade Weights Based on Fruit Number and Total Fruit Weight in Cucumber." HortScience 37, no. 7 (December 2002): 1117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.7.1117.
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In many cases, measurement of cucumber fruit weight in small research plots involves more labor and resources than just counting the number of fruit per plot. Therefore, plant breeders are interested in an efficient method for estimating fruit weight per grade (early, marketable, and cull) based on fruit number and total fruit weight. We evaluated the cucumber germplasm collection of 810 plant introduction accessions (supplied by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Regional Plant Introduction Station at Ames, Iowa) along with seven check cultivars for yield. Correlations were calculated for all pairs of fruit number and fruit weight combinations for each grade. In general, the lowest correlations were observed between the fruit weight of each grade (early, marketable, and cull) and total fruit weight or number per plot. High correlations were observed for fruit weight and fruit number within each grade (early, marketable, and cull). An efficient method for estimating fruit weight per hectare of early, marketable, and cull grades is to count total, early, and cull fruit, then measure total fruit weight. Our results showed that the fruit weight of each grade (early, marketable, and cull) was best estimated using the fruit number of that grade (early, marketable, and cull) along with the total fruit weight and total fruit number.
8
Mkwezalamba, Idah, Chimuleke R. Y. Munthali, and Edward Missanjo. "Phenotypic Variation in Fruit Morphology among Provenances ofSclerocarya birrea(A. Rich.) Hochst." International Journal of Forestry Research 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/735418.
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Sclerocarya birrea(A. Rich.) Hochst. is a multipurpose fruit tree which is very useful in providing food security and meeting nutritional and economic needs. This study was conducted to assess eighteen provenances ofSclerocarya birreaplanted in Mangochi, Malawi. The trial was assessed for fruit traits at fifteen years of age. There were significant (P<0.001) variations among the provenances in number of fruits, fruit weight, pulp weight, seed weight, fruit length, and diameter. Magunde provenance from Mozambique had the highest mean number of fruits, 2196 ± 200. Mangochi and Moamba provenances from Malawi and Mozambique were the most outstanding in the other parameters measured attaining the mean fruit weight of 20.89 ± 0.25 g and 25.67 ± 0.67 g, pulp weight of 25.70 ± 0.08 g and 21.55 ± 0.83 g, seed weight of 4.81 ± 0.35 g and 4.12 ± 0.18 g, fruit length of 2.61 ± 0.14 cm and 2.33 ± 0.07 cm, and fruit diameter of 2.33 ± 0.15 cm and 1.97 ± 0.08 cm, respectively. There was no significant (P>0.05) correlation between number of fruits and the other fruit traits. However, there were significant (P<0.05) and strong positive relationships between fruit weight and pulp weight (r=0.987) and fruit length and diameter (r=0.775). This suggests that fruit weight can be used indirectly for selection of pulp. Further studies should investigate fruit taste quality of products from the fruits.
9
Malek, Ma, M. Obaidul Islam, M. Mamtazul, and MK Sultan. "Screening of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) germplasm against salinity." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 37, no. 3 (October 9, 2012): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i3.12124.
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Out of 78 germplasm of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.), 67 germplasm (86%) survived against high salinity (13.82 ds/m) when screened at Benarpota, Satkhira, Khulna. These germplasm showed morphological variations in growth habit, leaf lobes, leaf pubescence, fruit shape, fruit ribs, fruit skin texture, flesh colour, flesh flavor, flesh texture, fruit splitting, fruit aroma, fruit size, seed coat colour, fruit skin colour at fully formed fruit and fruit skin colour at seed harvest maturity. The other qualitative characters, such as tendrils and flowering habit did not show morphological variations. Quantitative variations were observed in leaf length, leaf width, days to staminate flowering, days to pistillate flowering, fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, flesh thickness, number of seeds per fruit, days to fruit harvest and 1000-seed weight. Among the germplasm, BD-2255 and BD-9159 had no splitting of fruits. Therefore, these two germplasm can be selected for this trait. The characters, such as number fruits per plant and fruit weight exhibited highest number of fruits per plant (21) and maximum fruit weight (6.25 kg). These two characters should also be considered for improvement of muskmelon. Highest CV (%) was found in number of fruits per plants (36.35) followed by fruit weight (33.86). Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(3): 465-472, September 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i3.12124
10
Mariguele, Keny Henrique, and Paulo Sérgio Lima e. Silva. "Relationship between fruit traits of custard apple trees (Annona squamosa L.)." Revista Ceres 57, no. 4 (August 2010): 476–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-737x2010000400006.
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The objective of this study was to estimate simple and partial coefficients of correlation, as well as to divide their effects into direct and indirect using path analysis for custard apple tree traits. Twenty half-sibling progenies were evaluated in a randomized block design with five replicates, and plots consisting of four plants. Six traits were evaluated in the first cropping season (mean number of seeds per fruit and mean weight of the pericarp, pulp, pedicel, seeds per fruit, and the whole fruit), while five traits were evaluated in the first three cropping seasons (mean fruit length and width, total number of fruits ha-1, mean fruit weight (in both types of analyses), and fruit yield in kg ha-1). The results of this work led to the conclusion that doing selection based on simple correlation estimates may not be convenient, since not always a cause and effect relationship can be verified between two traits. Positive correlations were obtained between number of seeds and seed weight, and between number of fruits and yield. The greatest direct effects were those obtained for pulp weight on fruit weight and for mean number and weight of fruits on fruit yield. The most important indirect effects were obtained for number of seeds and pericarp weight, obtained via pulp weight, on fruit weight, and for fruit length and width, obtained via mean fruit weight, on fruit yield.
11
Maeda, Kazuya, and Dong-Hyuk Ahn. "Analysis of Growth and Yield of Three Types Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) Based on Yield Components." Horticulturae 8, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8010033.
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The objectives of this study were to evaluate the yield of different types of cucumbers from the perspective of yield components. The yield and yield components of nine cucumber cultivars (Beit Alpha, Greenhouse, and Japanese) grown hydroponically in a greenhouse were investigated. Fruit yield fresh weight in the Beit Alpha type was higher than that of the Japanese type, and the fruit yield fresh weight was significantly correlated with fruit yield dry weight, total dry matter (TDM), fraction of fruits, and number of fruits. However, the fruit yield fresh weight was not significantly correlated with intercepted light, light use efficiency (LUE), leaf area index, light extinction coefficient, and fruit dry matter content. High fruit yield dry weight was associated with a high TDM and the fraction of fruits. Moreover, the high TDM and fraction of fruits were associated with LUE and the number of fruits, respectively.
12
Ullah, MZ, L. Hassan, Sonia Binte Shahid, and AK Patwary. "Variability and inter relationship studies in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 13, no. 1 (July 14, 2016): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v13i1.28716.
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Twenty parental genotypes of tomato were planted and observed of yield and yield attributing traits to measure genetic variability, character association and path coefficient analysis. Parent TM 371 ranked first with respect to yield (4.73 kg fruit yield per plant) followed by TM 390. In terms of average fruit weight TM 390 also was better performer. Analysis of variance for each trait showed significant differences among the genotypes. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were recorded for fruits per plant, locule number per fruit and fruit yield per plant. Heritability was observed high for flowers per cluster, fruits per plant, fruit weight and fruit length. fruit per plant (52.30), followed by fruit weight (46.32).High heritability associated with high genetic advance was observed for fruits per plant (52.30) and fruit weight (46.32) and flower per cluster (33.50). Selection for such traits might be effective for the fruit yield improvement of tomato. Significant positive genotypic and phenotypic correlation was observed of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit diameter and locule number per fruit with fruit yield per plant indicated that selection strategies must be focus on these traits. Fruit diameter showed the highest positive direct effect (3.25) on fruit yield per plant followed by fruits per plant (1.54). Direct selection may be executed considering these traits as the main selection criteria to reduce indirect effect of the other characters during the development of high yielding tomato variety.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(1): 65-69, June 2015
13
Wetzstein, Hazel Y., Zibin Zhang, Nadav Ravid, and Michael E. Wetzstein. "Characterization of Attributes Related to Fruit Size in Pomegranate." HortScience 46, no. 6 (June 2011): 908–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.6.908.
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Pomegranate fruit is valued for its juice-containing arils and is consumed and marketed as whole fresh fruit, extracted arils, juice, syrup (grenadine), wine, teas, seed oil, and other products. Recent consumption has rapidly increased attributable in part to reported health benefits that include efficacy against coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, cancer, hypertension, and infectious diseases. Within commercial orchards, the size of fruits produced can be quite variable even with trees of the same genotype grown under similar cultivation practices. Although pomegranates have been cultivated since antiquity, fruit attributes, particularly those related to size, are poorly defined. In this study, compositional changes in pomegranate fruits of the Wonderful cultivar, including volume and weight, aril weight and number, pericarp weight, seed weight, and juice/pulp content, were evaluated in fruits of variable sizes. Correlations between fruit characteristics were determined, and factor analysis established fruit and aril indices. Results indicated that because fruit volume, fruit weight, and total aril weight are closely correlated, any of these characteristics can be used as an indicator of fruit size. The number of arils per fruit was highly correlated with fruit size with larger fruit containing greater numbers of arils. This is in contrast to individual average aril weight, which showed no significant relationship to fruit size. Crop production strategies aimed at increasing aril numbers may be a means for obtaining larger fruit in pomegranate.
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Nasution, Fitriana, and Sri Hadiati. "The Diverse Collection of Exotic Tropical Fruits in The Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI)." Journal of Tropical Horticulture 3, no. 2 (November 23, 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33089/jthort.v3i2.54.
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Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI) known as an institute collecting exotic tropical fruits in Indonesia. The present study was carried to evaluate the characters of five exotic fruits in the Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI), Solok, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The experiment used field observation. The characters considered were leaf character (leaf shape, leaf margin, leaf tip, leaf base, the color of upper leaf, color of under leaf, leaf surface, leaf length, leaf width), and fruit character (fruit shape, fruit peel texture, fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, the color of mature peel, the color of mature flesh, taste, fruit weight, seed weight, seed number). Data were analyzed descriptively using tables. The five exotic fruits' morphological characteristics have demonstrated that every species of fruit has specific characteristics. These fruits have the potential to be raw materials for the pharmacy industry.
15
Knavel, Dean E. "Growth, Development, and Yield Potential of Short-internode Muskmelon." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 113, no. 4 (July 1988): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.113.4.595.
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Abstract A short-internode (SI) muskmelon line was compared with a normal-internode (NI) cultivar in four seasons for growth and yield differences. Vines of both plant types were divided into leaves, petioles, and stems at 58, 72, and 86 days of age. Leaf dry weight and leaf area were generally the same for both plant types early in growth. NI plants had greater leaf and stem dry weights and leaf area at 72 days; however, only stem dry weights differed at 86 days. The leaf : stem and leaf area : leaf dry weight ratios were always greater for SI than for NI plants, but NI plants produced twice the number and weight of fruit as SI plants. Mean fruit weight for SI plants was slightly smaller than fruits of NI plants. Doubling the population of SI plants by either spacing plants 0.45 m within the row or planting two per hill reduced fruit number and total fruit weight per plant. Highest total fruit weight was obtained by spacing SI plants 0.90 m apart in a triangular fashion within double rows spaced 0.30 m apart on a mulch row. SI plants contained less K and more Mg in leaves and less N and Ca but more K in stems than NI plants. Both plant types had similar Mg levels in stems at each sampling. There were significant year effects and internode type × year interactions for fruit number, fruit weight, and elemental concentrations.
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Lahav, E., A. Korkin, and G. Adar. "Thinning Stage Influences Fruit Size and Yield of Kiwifruit." HortScience 24, no. 3 (June 1989): 438–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.24.3.438.
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Abstract An experiment in thinning kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa Planch.) vines at the bud swell stage vs. at fruit set stage was conducted in the Western Galilee to a) determine the optimal physiological stage of thinning, b) optimize fruit weight and yield, and c) determine the relationship between fruit number per vine and alternate bearing. A negative relationship was found between the number of fruits per vine and fruit weight or alternate bearing. Vines thinned at the bud swell stage always carried larger fruits than those thinned after fruit setting. As the fruit load on the vine decreased, smaller differences were observed between the two thinning dates. Assuming that individual fruit weight should not be < 70 g, thinning at the bud swell stage allows a yield of 1700 fruits per vine, and that at the fruit-set stage only 1400 fruits per vine. Vines not sprayed with Alzodef (H2CN2, cyanamide) to break dormancy yielded less than half the number of fruits as the sprayed vines.
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Yudi Siswanto and Annisa Anggreini Siswanto. "RESPONSE TO APPLYING COW DUNG BOKASHI FERTILIZER AND LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER HOUSEHOLD WASTE TOWARD GROWTH AND PRODUCTION CUCUMBER PLANTS (Cucumi sativus L.)." Journal of Engineering, Electrical and Informatics 2, no. 3 (October 29, 2022): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/jeei.v2i3.871.
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Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) has a very high economic value because cucumbers are widely consumed by people, so the need for cucumbers continues to increase every year. The nutritional value of cucumbers is quite good because this vegetable or fruit is a source of minerals and vitamins. The purpose of the study was to determine the application of cow dung bokashi fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer for household waste and its interaction with the growth and production of cucumber plants. This research method uses a Factorial Randomized Group Design (RAK), which consists of 2 (two) factors. The first factor is the application of cow dung bokashi fertilizer which is divided into 4 levels, namely S0 = 0.00 kg/plot (control), S1 = 2.16 kg/plot S2 = 4.32 kg/plot, and S3 = 6.48 kg/plot. The second factor is that liquid organic fertilizer household waste is divided into 4 levels, namely L0 = 0 cc/liter of water/plant (control), L1 = 100 cc/plant, L2 = 200 cc/plant, and L3 = 300 cc/plant. The parameters observed are plant length (cm), number of fruits per sample (fruit), number of fruits per plot (fruit), fruit diameter (cm), fruit length per plot (cm), fruit weight per sample (grams) and fruit weight per plot (grams). From the results of statistical analysis, it shows that the application of cow dung bokashi fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer from household waste does not affect plant length (cm), but has an influence on the number of fruits per sample (fruit), the number of fruits per plot (fruit), the diameter of the fruit (cm), the length of the fruit per plot (cm) the weight of the fruit per sample (grams, and the weight of the fruit per plot (grams). The interaction of the treatment of applying organic fertilizer bokashi cow dung and liquid organic fertilizer household waste has no effect on plant length (cm), number of fruits per sample (fruit), number of fruits per plot (fruit), fruit diameter (cm), fruit length per plot (cm), fruit weight per sample (grams) and fruit weight per plot (grams)
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Narwal, Pulkit, and Ipsita Pattnaik. "Smart Fruit Basket." International Journal of Creative Interfaces and Computer Graphics 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcicg.311427.
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This paper discusses smart retailing solutions, self-checkout stores in particular. Since RFID tag-based product identification accounts for various limitations, the authors propose a smart basket to facilitate self-checkout mechanism for fruits and vegetables, based on multi-view image recognition and weight sensor. The system works on a multi-view model and recognizes and counts the fruit/vegetables from four camera views to handle the occlusions. The user places fruits inside the basket. Multiple cameras installed provide different views inside the basket and captures this fruit placing activity. Different views are then processed for image recognition using CNN (convolutional neural network). The authors also present a multi-view fruit recognition (MVFR) dataset to evaluate the system performance. The base of smart basket includes a weight sensor to account for weight information, the weight, and count information of fruit assist in bill generation at self-checkout station.
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Sianturi, Pahala L. L., Chichi Josephine Florestina Manalu, and Eben Ezer Marpaung. "PENGARUH KONSENTRASI DAN INTERVAL WAKTU PEMBERIAN PUPUK CAIR AB MIX TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN CABAI MERAH (Capsicum annum L.) DI POLIBAG." Majalah Ilmiah METHODA 11, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.46880/methoda.vol11no1.pp1-9.
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The need for red chilies continues to increase. Therefore, it is necessary to increase production through improved cultivation techniques, including fertilization. For this reason, research is needed to determine the effect of concentration and time interval of giving AB mix liquid fertilizer on the growth and production of red chili plants (Capsicum annum L). This research was conducted at Jalan Tinta, Ayahanda, Medan Petisah District, Medan, North Sumatra with a height of ± 25 meters above sea level, which was conducted in May - August 2020. This study used a factorial randomized block design (RBD) with 2 factors. The first factor is the nutrition of AB mix (N) which consists of 3 levels, namely: N1 = 1000 ppm, N2 = 1250 ppm and N3 = 1500 ppm. The second factor is the time of giving AB mix nutrition (W) consisting of 3 levels, namely: W1 = 1 x 2 days, W2 = 1 x 4 days and W3 = 1 x 6 days. The results showed that the treatment of 1500 ppm AB Mix nutrient concentration had a significant effect on plant height at the age of 56 HST, but had no significant effect on flowering age, number of fruits per plant, fruit diameter, fruit length, weight per fruit, fruit weight per plant and weight. pieces per plot. The time interval for AB Mix nutrition gave significant effect on the number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per plant and fruit weight per plot, but had no significant effect on plant height, flowering age, fruit diameter, fruit length and weight per fruit of red chilies. The interaction between concentration and time interval of AB Mix nutrition had no significant effect on plant height, flowering age, number of fruits per plant, fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit weight per plant and fruit weight per red chili plant plot.
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López, Juan Carlos Calderón, Harin Sachdev, Sarawut Thepanondh, and Yolanda Alexia Quintanilla Herrera. "Morphological and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Fruit of Melicoccus Bijugatus Jacq." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 50, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v50i2.54096.
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Morphological and physico-chemical characterization of the fruit of Melicoccus bijugatus were studied. To estimate more accurate data of fruit of Melicoccus bijugatus 11 variables were valued in two different stages of maturity ripe and unripe: shelled weight, shell weight, juice weight, pulp weight, seed weight, fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), thickness (mm), shell thickness (mm), seed color and seed shape. In order to obtain these analytical scales and calibrators data, the two maturity stages by tabulating and analyzing all the information collected were compared and taken into consideration the maturity index to determine the optimum point of harvest. The shell weight, juice weight, pulp weight, seed weight, fruit length, fruit diameter and shell thickness were obtained higher in the ripe fruit than the unripe fruit, when the fruits have reached 69% of maturity, recommended as optimal percentage of maturity.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 387-394, 2021 (June)
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Blanco-Fuentes, Ruben Darío, Leider José Castro-Torres, Miguel Mariano Espitia-Camacho, Hermes Araméndiz-Tatis, and Carlos Cardona-Ayala. "Path analysis between fruit biometric traits of Caesalpinia ebano H. Karst." Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas 39, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22267/rcia.223902.187.
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Caesalpinia ebano is a tropical tree from Colombia; its conservation status is in the endangered category since the remaining populations are suffering genetic erosion. The objective of this study was to estimate the phenotypic (rF) and genetic (rG) correlations among biometric fruit and seeds traits, and the path analysis for the fruit weight. Ten trees (treatments) were evaluated under the random effects model, with 10 fruits/tree as replications. There was significant variability between trees for seven quantitative traits. The fruit weight showed genetic correlations with six traits (0.56* > rG < 1.00**). The number and weight of the seeds per fruit showed high genetic correlations with five traits (rG ≥ 0.85**). The weight of the seeds per fruit exerted direct and indirect effects of greater importance in determining the fruit weight. It is possible to improve the production and physiological quality of the seed by directly selecting trees with fruits of greater seed weight.
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Poudel, Krishna, Manoj Kumar Shah, Jawahar Lal Mandal, and Jiban Shrestha. "Fruit characterization of different avocado (Persea americana Mill.) genotypes in eastern mid-hills of Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 1, no. 1 (December 9, 2018): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v1i1.22229.
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The total of thirteen different avocado (Persea americana Mill.) genotypes were collected for evaluating the fruit characteristics in the laboratory of Agricultural Research Station, Pakhribas during November 2017. The fully matured fruits from the farmer's field at Patle, Dhankuta were collected. The criteria for selecting the genotypes were fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, seed weight, pulp weight, pulp to fruit ratio and the seed weight percentage. The result suggests the potentiality of the genotypes PAKAV002 and PAKAV010 in most of the evaluated characters as compared to the tested genotypes. The genotypes PAKAV008 and PAKAV007 were disliked as they have 32.59% and 28.39% of seed weight to the total fruit weight. The genotypes PAKAV002 and PAKAV010 had the average fruit weight ranging (307.1 g and 346.8 g), maximum of pulp to fruit ratio 62.34% and 56.97%. Similarly, genotypes PAKAV010 (11.425%), PAKAV013 (11.96%) and PAKAV002 (14.47%) had low seed weight to the total fruit weight which is regarded important factor for avocado selection and evaluation. This result shows that the genotypes PAKAV002 and PAKAV010 should be further evaluated for fruit characteristics and the quality.
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Ullah, M. Z., M. J. Hasan, A. Z. M. K. A. Chowdhury, A. I. Saki, and A. H. M. A. Rahman. "GENETIC VARIABILITY AND CORRELATION IN EXOTIC CUCUMBER (Cucumis sativus L.) VARIETIES." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics 25, no. 1 (June 30, 2012): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v25i1.17008.
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Twelve exotic cultivars of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) were grown to assess the presence of variability for desired traits and amount of variation for different parameters. Genetic parameters, correlations, partial correlation and regressions were estimated for all the traits. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among entries for all the characters. The estimates of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were high for yield per plant, fruits per plant, fruit weight and fruit length. Broad sense heritability estimates for various traits ranged from 42.26 to 89.55%. Fruit yield per plant showed high significant positive correlation with fruits per plant, fruit weight, flesh thickness, fruit diameter and leaves per plant. Partial correlation was significant for fruits per plant and indicated these traits contributed over 70% to total fruit yield. By variability, correlation and regression analysis it was concluded that more fruits per plant and more fruit weight are major yield contributing factors in selecting high yielding cucumber cultivars.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v25i1.17008
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Zaremuk, Rimma Sh, and Tatiana A. Kopnina. "Promising varieties of sour cherry Prunus cerasus L. with a complex of fruit quality traits for growing in the southern Russia." RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries 17, no. 4 (December 27, 2022): 437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-437-447.
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Southern assortment of cherries does not quite meet the modern requirements of production. Many varieties are low-productive, not resistant to cherry leaf spot ( Coccomyces hiemalis ) and moniliosis ( Monilia cinerea ), small-fruited, with low taste qualities. However, new varieties have been created that have not been studied by the complex of consumer and commodity qualities of fruits. Thus, evaluation of new varieties for these traits is relevant. The aim of the research was to evaluate cherry varieties of different origin for commodity, biochemical, and consumer qualities of fruits. The research was carried out in the Kuban horticultural zone of the Krasnodar territory. Objects of the research were 9 varieties of sour cherry trees. Field and laboratory studies were conducted according to Program and methodology of varietal study of fruit, berry and nut crops (1999), Methodological instructions on chemical and technological variety testing of vegetable, fruit and berry crops for canning industry (1993). Statistical analysis was carried out according to B.A. Dospekhov (2014) and G.F. Lakin (1990). It was found that the average fruit weight of cherry varieties varied not significantly - from 2.72 to 6.45 g, which was confirmed by the coefficient of variation (23.3 %). Indicators of maximum and minimum fruit weight varied significantly in varieties, coefficients of variation were 27.2 and 29.7 %, respectively. The following cherry varieties with large fruits were identified: Timati, Igrushka, Duk Ivanovna, Duk Khodosa, Prizvaniya and Svetlaya. were distinguished. Cherry varieties with high sugar content in fruits were as follows: Feyа, Dzhusi Frut and Igrushka. Feyа, Duk Khodosa, Prizvanie, Svetlaya and Dzhusi Frut had fruits with low acidity; Feyа, Dzhusi Frut and Igrushka fruits were characterized by high content of soluble solids in fruits. Feyа, Igrushka and Duk Khodosa fruits had the highest content of vitamin C; Igrushka, Duk Khodosa, Prizvanie, Svetlaya and Dzhusi Frut were rich in Vitamin P; Duk Khodosa, Prizvanie, Dzhusi Frut and Duk Ivanovna had the largest anthocyanin content. Therefore, Igrushka and Duk Khodosa cherry varieties are recommended for growing in the southern Russia and breeding for improvement of fruit quality.
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Putri, Faradila Danasworo, Sobir ,, Muhamad Syukur, and Dan Awang Maharijaya. "Pengembangan Kriteria Seleksi untuk Perakitan Terung (Solanum melongena L.) Berdaya Hasil Tinggi." Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) 45, no. 2 (October 17, 2017): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v45i2.13077.
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<p>Eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) are consumed worldwide in a variety of colors, shapes and sizes, thus vegetable plant breeders place great interest in developing high yielding genotypes in response to the population growth and the need to increase vegetable production. This research was aimed to determine the proper character as selection character for breeding high yielding eggplants by using estimated heritability value, coefficient of genetic diversity, characters correlation and path analysis. The experiment was conducted during 2014 to August 2015 at Cikabayan Experimental Field, Tajur Experimental Field and Pasir Sarongge Experimental Field, IPB, West Java. A total of 12 characters was observed in the 25 genotypes. Eleven characters has a high estimated heritability value and high coefficient of genetic diversity value. Those characters were time of flowering, time of harvest, fruit length, fruit weight, fruit diameter, plant height, stem length, fruit apical scar length, calyx length, the number of fruits per plant and fruit weight per plant. Results of correlation and path analysis showed that fruit length, fruit weight, fruit diameter, stem diameter, calyx length and number of fruits per plant have a direct positive effect on fruit weight per plant. Fruit weight, fruit diameter and number of fruits per plant are suitable characters in determining the selection criteria for developing high productivity eggplant.<br /><br />Keywords: path analysis, correlation, heritability, genetic diversity coefficient<br /><br /><br /></p>
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Daniel, Daniel, Siti Zahrah, and Fathurrahman Fathurrahman. "APLIKASI LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT DAN NPK ORGANIK PADA TANAMAN TIMUN SURI (Cucumis sativus L.)." DINAMIKA PERTANIAN 33, no. 3 (September 24, 2019): 261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/dp.2017.vol33(3).3839.
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The study aimed to determine the effect of interaction between palm oil mill and organic NPK liquid waste doses on the growth and production of Suri Cucumber plants. The design used in this study was a Factorial Completely Randomized Design consisting of 2 factors. The first factor is palm oil mill effluent with a dose of 0, 100, 200, 300 ml/plant while the second factor is organic NPK with a dose of 0, 5, 10, 15 grams/plant. The parameters observed were flowering age, age of the first harvest, number of fruit crops, the weight of fruit per fruit, weight of fruit per plant. The last observation data were analyzed statistically and continued with a BNJ follow-up test at the level of 5%. The results showed that interactively the administration of palm oil mill effluent and organic NPK fertilizer gave a significant effect on fruit weight per fruit and fruit weight per Suri cucumber plant. The best treatment is a combination of 300 ml/plant palm oil mill effluent and 15 g / plant organic NPK fertilizer (L3N3). The main effect of giving palm oil mill effluent has a significant effect on flowering age, harvest age, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per fruit and fruit weight per Suri cucumber plant. The best treatment is by giving 300 ml/plant palm oil mill effluent (L3). The main effect of giving organic NPK fertilizer significantly affected flowering age, harvest age, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per fruit and fruit weight per Suri cucumber plant. The best treatment is by administering 15 g of organic NPK / plant (N3).
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Sultana, S., MS Rahman, J. Ferdous, F. Ahamed, and AK Chowdhury. "Studies on genetic variability and interrelationship in bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl]." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 8, no. 1 (September 14, 2018): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v8i1.38224.
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The genetic parameters were studied to elucidate the genetic variability, correlation and path co-efficient analysis in thirty-nine genotypes of bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl] in randomized complete block design with three replications. Observations were recorded for eleven quantitative characters viz., days to first male flower open, days to first female flower open, node number of first female flower, braches plant-1, days to harvest, number of fruits plant-1, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit girth, 100 seed weight and yield ton ha-1. The analysis of variance showed highly significant differences for all the characters studied indicating considerable variability among the genotypes. The highest GCV (35.57%) and PCV (35.62%) were observed for fruit length. The differences between GCV and PCV were high for fruit number plant-1 and days to first male flower open indicating environmental influences. High heritability associates with high estimates of genetic advance in percent of mean were noted for length of fruit, yield, girth of fruit and number of fruits plant-1. It indicated presence of additive gene effect and selection for these traits would be effective. Yield were positively and significantly correlated with fruit weight, 100 seed weight, branch plant-1 and number of fruits plant-1 .Negative associations of yield were noted with days to first male and female flower open, days to harvest and length of fruit. Path analysis revealed that fruits plant-1 (0.93) and weight of fruit (0.467) had very high positive effect on fruit yield ton ha-1 .Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 8 (1): 14-17, June, 2018
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Fitriyah, Hurriyatul, Eko Setiawan, and Muhammad Rifqi Radifan Masruri. "Applying Linear Regression to Estimate Weight of Non Axi-Symmetric fruit." Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science 5, no. 2 (July 29, 2020): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.25126/jitecs.202052163.
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Weight is an important parameter in fruits’ quality identification. Measuring fruits’ weight using scale is tedious since fruits must be taken from tree and placed on contact to scale. Many researches have proposed non-contact estimation methods of fruits’ weight using 2D images. The studies were commonly applied in axi-symmetric fruits, such oranges. In this paper, an algorithm to estimate weight of non axi-symmetric fruit is developed. It used a Linear Regression rather than geometric-based methods as proposed by other researches. The non axi-symmetric fruits chosen was star fruits. It is a challenging fruits since its basic shape is not round but irregular star shape. The estimation used pixel count from one-view image of the fruits’ projection as feature. The proposed method has RMSE of 16.322 Gram and MAPE of 7.089% compare to the expected weights. It also has high Coefficient of Determination, R^2, 0.8829 compare to the weight scale measurement.
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Chattopadhyay, Arup, Subrata Dutta, and Pranab Hazra. "Characterization of Genetic Resources and Identification of Selection Indices of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) Grown in Eastern India." Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin 74, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10032-011-0003-9.
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Characterization of Genetic Resources and Identification of Selection Indices of Brinjal (Solanum melongenaL.) Grown in Eastern IndiaThirty five diverse genotypes of brinjal collected from different parts of Eastern India were characterized as per the documented descriptors and were evaluated for their morphological and yield component characters during autumn-winter season. All the brinjal genotypes under study showed highly significant variations among twelve quantitative traits. However, a wide range of days to 50% of flowering (47-79), fruit length (8.70 -23.90 cm), fruit girth (2.67-10.30 cm), fruit weight (52.33-319.37 g), number of marketable fruit per plant (4.33-12.00) and marketable fruit yield per plant (0.39-1.68 kg) among the genotypes was observed. Three characters namely, fruit weight, plant height and days to 50% of flowering exhibited high heritability and genetic advance indicating that such situation may arise due to the action of additive genes controlling the characters. The genotypic and phenotypic correlations agreed closely with each other. Fruit weight and fruit girth exhibited significantly positive correlations with marketable fruit yield per plant. Among the eleven yield component traits, fruit weight and number of marketable fruits per plant showed highly positive direct effect on marketable fruit yield per plant. Attention should be paid on selection based on marketable fruit weight and number of marketable fruits per plant for marketable yield improvement of brinjal.
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Cooksey, James R., Brian A. Kahn, and James E. Motes. "CALCIUM AND ETHEPHON EFFECTS ON PAPRIKA PEPPER FRUIT RETENTION AND FRUIT COLOR DEVELOPMENT." HortScience 28, no. 4 (April 1993): 269F—269. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.4.269f.
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While ethephon [(2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid] has increased yields of red fruits, its use as a pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit ripening agent has been limited by premature fruit abscission and defoliation. We tested ethephon solutions of 0, 1500, 3000, 4500, and 6000 μl·liter-1 with or without 0.1M Ca(OH)2 as a one-time foliar application to field-grown paprika pepper in southwestern Oklahoma. There was a linear increase in fruit abscission with increasing ethephon rates in two out of three years, with or without added calcium. Ethephon at 6000 μl·liter-1 improved the percent of total fruit weight due lo marketable fruits in two out of three years, primarily by decreasing the weight of harvested green fruits. However, ethephon never significantly increased the dry weight of harvested marketable fruits over that obtained from the control. There also was no effect of ethephon on the intensity of red pigment extracted from dehydrated marketable fruits. The only significant effect of Ca(OH)2 was an undesirable increase in the retention of green fruits on the plants. Ethephon had little value as a fruit ripening agent for paprika under the conditions of our studies, and Ca(OH)2 was not useful as an additive to ethephon sprays.
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Le, Ut Van, and Mai Thi Bach Vo. "Effects of benzyladenine and α-naphthaleneacetic acid on the early growth phase of Ananas comosus (L.) Merr." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 1, T4 (December 31, 2017): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v1it4.482.
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In this study, benzyladenine (BA) and α- naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) are used to study the growth of pineapple fruit (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) in the early growth phase. Pineapple fruits are sprayed with BA or NAA at different concentrations (1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 mg.L-1) at both 0 and 3 days after flowering (DAF, 50 % dried flowers). Fruits are sampled every 15 days from 0 to 75 days to survey to weight, size and qualities of pineaple fruit. Besides, fruits (which are sprayed with BA or NAA at concentration 20 mg.L-1) are sampled at 15 days for the cell size observation. The results showed that the treatments with three highest concentration of BA or NAA (20, 40 và 60 mg.L-1) significantly increased fruit weights and fruit sizes. Exogenous BA or NAA at the concentration 20 mg.L-1 increased the fruit weights by increasing the number of flesh cells without negative effects on fruit qualities.
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Le, Van Ut, and Mai Vo Thi Bach. "Effects of benzyladenine and α-naphthaleneacetic acid on the early growth phase of Ananas comosus (L.) Merr." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 20, T4 (December 31, 2017): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/stdjns.v20it4.427.
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In this study, benzyladenine (BA) and α- naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) are used to study the growth of pineapple fruit (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) in the early growth phase. Pineapple fruits are sprayed with BA or NAA at different concentrations (1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 mg.L-1) at both 0 and 3 days after flowering (DAF, 50 % dried flowers). Fruits are sampled every 15 days from 0 to 75 days to survey to weight, size and qualities of pineaple fruit. Besides, fruits (which are sprayed with BA or NAA at concentration 20 mg.L-1) are sampled at 15 days for the cell size observation. The results showed that the treatments with three highest concentration of BA or NAA (20, 40 và 60 mg.L-1) significantly increased fruit weights and fruit sizes. Exogenous BA or NAA at the concentration 20 mg.L-1 increased the fruit weights by increasing the number of flesh cells without negative effects on fruit qualities.
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Bhoyar, Mahesh G., and Krishan Kumar. "Genetic variability among seedling origin tree population of mango (Mangifera spp.) in Himachal Pradesh, India." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 49, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v49i3.49619.
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A survey to the existing seedling origin tree population of wild Mangifera spp. was carried out at Hamirpur and Kangra districts of Himachal Pradesh, India. Eighty one healthy and bearing tree population originated from seedlings in the region were marked. Wide range of genetic variability in qualitative and quantitative characters were observed for fruit, stone, peel, pulp and other fruit characters. Hamirpur district exhibited a variety in quality of fruits with varied fruit shape, colour, attractiveness etc. The significant variation was observed for different fruit parameters like fruit dimensions, fruit weight, fruit volume, stone weight, stone length, of stone, stone thickness, of stone, pulp weight, peel weight, per cent of edible and nonedible portions, ratio of stone weight to pulp weight, ratio of peel weight to pulp weight, skin thickness and TSS (Total Soluble Solids). The selected genotypes could be classified into different categories based upon their utility, viz., pickle, sucking, table purposes etc.
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Al-Hajani, Rezan M. A., N. N. F. Haded, and S. F. A. Al Bamarny. "INFLUENCE OF CITRIC ACID, GINGER EXTRACT AND STORAGE PERIOD ON FRUIT QUALITY OF LOCAL ORANGE (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck)." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 53, no. 4 (August 30, 2022): 850–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v53i4.1597.
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This study was carried out on fruit of local orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) grown at private orchard Diyala governorate / Iraq, to study the effect of dipped fruits for 10 min in (0, 1, 2, 3% citric acid, 5 and 10% ginger) on fruit quality of orange during 65- and 105-days cold storage at 5+1 with 85- 90% RH. Dipping fruits in citric acid solution reduced fruit's weight loss and decay. Ginger extract at 5 and 10% significantly reserved acidity, total sugar and sugar/acid ratio, also caused a reduction in fruit weight loss and fruit decay. There was a significant decreases in fruits peel carotene and an increases in vitamin C, when fruits were treated with 5% ginger extract. Prolonging storage period from 65 to 105day significantly increased fruit total soluble solids, weight loss, total sugar, and fruit peel carotene but, reduced vitamin C and total acidity. The interaction between dip treatments and storage period had a significantly positive effect on the quality feature of fruit orange.
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Pamungkas, Dani. "THE EFFECT OF TREE SHADE AND PRUNING TECHNIQUES ON SCREW TREE (Helicteres isora Linn.) FRUIT PRODUCTIVITY IN THE NATURAL HABITAT." Jurnal Wasian 7, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jwas.v7i2.5617.
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Screw tree (Helicteres isora Linn.) is a shrub species with 5 to 15 main stems where the natural distribution can be found in South Timor Tengah (TTS) regency of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) province and it is potential as a medicinal plant. The fruits are the main material harnessed for traditional medicine or jamu. Recently, little is known on fruit productivity of screw tree under shaded and open area. At the field showed that there were differences on fruit and flower production under two shade condition and the main stems. The research aimed for gaining information on the effect of pruning on screw tree fruit productivity in the natural habitat under two shade conditions on fruit productivity. Split plot design was employed with two factors which were two shade conditions (shaded under trees and open) as a main plot and the pruning techniques as a sub plot. Pruning techniques had affected significantly on the number of shoots and fruits, and there was an interaction between treatments to the number of fruits. Shade conditions had an important role on fruit production. Plants grew under open space had better fruit characteristics on fruit length (46,94 cm), fruit diameter (6,41 mm), post-harvest fruit weight (0,94 g), oven-dried fruit weight (0,89 g) and lower water content (5,57 %), compared to under shaded space 44,16 mm; 5,73 mm; 0,87 g; 0,81 g and 6,95 %, respectively for fruit length, fruit diameter, post-harvest fruit weight, oven-dried fruit weight and fruit water content.
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CHUKWUDI, Uchechukwu Paschal, and Christian Ugwu AGBO. "Leaf and Fruit Yield Performance of Telfairia occidentalis Hook F. (Fluted Pumpkin) as Influenced by Fruit Size." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 6, no. 4 (December 8, 2014): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb649462.
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An experiment to ascertain the influence of fruit size on the yield of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook F.) was conducted in 2011 and 2012 at Nsukka. The mature fruits of T. occidentalis were graded into three length groups: large (more than 50 cm), medium (34-50 cm) and small (less than 34 cm). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six replications. The following data were collected: length of the longest vine, number of leaves/plant, vine diameter, marketable leaf and fruit yield. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance while Genotype by Genotype x Environment interaction biplot was used to show which-won-where among the groups. Significant means were separated using Fisher’s least significant differences. Medium sized fruits gave the highest marketable leaf yield that was significantly higher than the small sized fruits in both years. Small sized fruits were significantly (p<0.05) lower in total leaf yield, fruit weight/hectare, fruit circumference (33.9 cm) and length (22 cm). The biplot explained 100% of the variation in the fruit sizes. Large sized fruits were the best performer in fruit length, while medium sized fruits performed better in total marketable leaf yield, average fruit weight, number of fruits/hectare and total fruit weight/hectare. The highest Benefit Cost Ratio of 1.2 and 2.6 in 2011 and 2012, respectively were obtained from medium sized fruits Medium sized fruit are recommended in favour of small sized fruit for leaf and fruit production, having higher economic returns.
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Elgin Karabacak, Cigdem, and Aysel Yeşilyurt Er. "Serada Yetiştirilen Salkım Domatesinde Çiçek Budamasının Verim ve Kalite Üzerine Etkileri." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, sp1 (December 10, 2019): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7isp1.126-132.2775.
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This research was carried out in the greenhouses of Pamukkale University Menderes Basin Agricultural Application and Research Centre in order to determine the effects of different blossom pruning on yield and quality in Ayza F1 tomato cultivars. The experiment consisted three different applications; pruning group having 6 fruits in flower bunch, pruning group having 7 fruits in flower bunch and control group without pruning. As the quality criterion in the tomato cultivar, total amount of water soluble dry matter (TWSDM %), pH, titratable acidity (TA mval 100 ml-1), hardness of fruit flesh (Newton) and antioxidant content (%) were determined. In addition, fruit diameter (cm), fruit length (mm) and weight (g) were detected. Yield parameters such as total yield (g plant-1), marketable yield (g plant-1), number of fruits (number plant-1), average fruit weight (g fruit-1) were considered detailed. Flower pruning having 6 fruits was prominent in terms of marketable yield, fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit length and dry matter (DM) values. The effects of the applications on the quality characteristics such as fruit index, TWSDM and pH were found to be insignificant and their effects on DM, TA, fruit flesh hardness and antioxidant amount were detected to be significant.
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Ut, Le Van, and Vo Thi Bach Mai. "Effect of gibberellic acid and urea on the growth of pineapple fruit (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.)." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 3, no. 2 (August 7, 2019): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v3i2.803.
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Effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) and urea on Queen pineapples (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) growth in the field were discussed in this study. Pineapples were sprayed with GA3 (at the concentration of 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg.L-1) or urea (at the concentration of 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 g.L-1) on day 0 and day 3 at the beginning of growth period (50% dried flowers). Fruits were sampled every 15 days from day 0 to day 75 for assessment on fruit weight, fruit size, and fruit quality. Besides, fruits (which were sprayed with GA3 at the concentration of 40 mg.L-1 or urea at the concentration of 15 g.L-1) were sampled on the 15th day from the day which processed to determine the size of cells. The results showed that the treatments with four highest concentration of GA3 (40, 60, 80 and 100 mg.L-1) or urea (15, 20, 25 and 30 g.L-1) significantly increased fruit weights and fruit sizes. In addition, the treatments of GA3 in high concentration (40 - 100 mg.L-1) stimulated the increase of sugar content and vitamin C content in the fruit flesh compared to the control. The treatments of urea at different concentrations did not alter the fruit quality index. Exogenous GA3 at the concentration of 40 mg.L-1 or urea at the concentration of 15 g.L-1 stimulated the increase of fruit weight without decreasing the fruit quality. In which, exogenous GA3 at concentration 40 mg.L-1 increased the fruit weight by enlarging flesh cell.
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Arenas, Marian Guadalupe Hernández, Daniel Nieto Angel, María Teresa Martínez Damian, Daniel Teliz Ortiz, Cristian Nava Díaz, and Nestor Bautista Martinez. "Characterization of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) fruits from outstanding mexican selections." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 32, no. 4 (January 7, 2011): 1098–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452011005000004.
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Fruits of five regional selections of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) were characterized to identify those with international marketing quality to promote their propagation in Mexico, improvement and conservation in germoplasm bank. The fruits were harvested in June, July, and August 2008 and, after each harvest, were assessed for shape (length/diameter), firmness, fruit weight, number of fruits per kilogram, weight and percentage of pericarp, seed and aril, total soluble solids, total sugars, vitamin C content, pH, and titratable acidity. In addition, a sensorial evaluation was carried out with 31 panelists who graded each selection for color, sweetness, and acidity. Fruits of five selections were ovoid, and with the following characteristics: firmness values from 43.7 to 51.0 N, fruit weight ranged from 22.4 to 34.7 g, registering from 28.9 to 45.0 fruits per kg; pericarp weight from 10.5 to 17.3 g (45.9 to 49.9% of the total fruit weight); total seed weight from 2.2 to 2.5 g (7.0 to 10.0%); average arils weight from 8.9 to 13.1 g (37.5 to 41.4%). The fruits had high contents of total soluble solids (17.8 to 20.4 ºBrix), total sugars (211.95 to 242.70 mg/100g in the edible portion), vitamin C (37.9 to 69.1 mg/100 g), pH 5.0, and titratable acidity of 0.20 to 0.28%. The fruits from the RT-01 and RT-05 selections had better attributes in fruit weight, total soluble solids and titratable acidity and were better accepted by the panelists. Harvest date significantly affects rambutan fruit quality; at the middle and end of the season harvested fruits had better qualitative characteristics for the marketing.
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Madoşă, Emilian, Lavinia Sasu, Sorin Ciulca, Constantin Avădanei, Adriana Ciulca, and Giancarla Velicevici. "STUDIES ON THE VARIABILITY OF THE PRODUCTIVITY COMPONENTS IN A COLLECTION OF HOT PEPPER LANDRACES (CAPSICUM ANUUM VAR. MICROCARPUM)." Current Trends in Natural Sciences 10, no. 19 (July 31, 2021): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2021.v10i19.027.
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The aim of the research was to evaluate the variability value of the main characters that contribute to the achievement of plant production to a collection of hot pepper genotypes. The biological material was composed of 17 landraces of hot peppers collected from western Romania. The study was conducted for two years, with biometric measurements on the morphological characteristics of fruit production on the plant. Intra-population variability was assessed (mean, standard deviation of mean and coefficient of variability) and differences between populations for these characters. The results show that the variability within the collection is high. Within populations, fruit sizes (length, diameter) are uniform, but the number of fruits and their weight per plant show greater variability. Within the collection, variations in morphological characteristics are large, especially for fruit length, fruit weight, number and weight of fruit per plant. Among the landraces studied, some may be recommended for breeding programs, as parents or as material for the application of selection: for long fruits (Juliţa, Aldeşti I and Satchinez I), for short fruits (Satchinez III), but also the landraces Rieni III (17.07 g average weight of the fruit), Temerești II (89.82 fruits per plant), Aldești I (931.17 g fruits per plant).
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Thompson, T. E. "Pecan Fruit Shuck Thickness is Related to Nut Quality." HortScience 40, no. 6 (October 2005): 1664–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.6.1664.
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Pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] fruit presents a considerable weight for the tree to support during the growing season. A major part of this weight is due to the pecan shuck that surrounds the developing nut and kernel. Pecan clones vary considerably for the amount of shuck per nut, and little is known as to the value of this weight in determining final nut quality. Six cultivars differing in basic nut shapes and sizes were studied and found to vary greatly for shuck thickness, and weight of shuck per unit final nut weight and volume. Shuck thickness was shown to be a favorable genetic characteristic since fruit with thicker shucks had slightly greater nut fresh and dry weight, nut volume, nut density, kernel weight and content, and shuck weight per nut volume. `Sioux' had the thickest shucks (4.70 mm), while `Pawnee' had the thinnest shucks (3.72 mm). Fresh weight per fruit varied from 21.25 g for `Podsednik' to 10.18 g for Osage. Weight of fruit per tree was extrapolated using average shuck and nut weights, and it was determined that the fruit on each tree would weigh about 104 kg. This is a considerable weight, and adds substantially to limb breakage. However, thicker shucks contribute to final nut quality.
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Sanjida, M., J. Howlader, M. R. Akon, and T. Ahmed. "Effects of varieties and boron on growth and yield of summer tomato." Asian Journal of Crop, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 4, no. 1 (2020): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18801/ajcsp.040120.18.
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A study was conducted to investigate the effects of varieties and boron (B) levels on growth and yield of summer tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) at the Germplasm Centre in the Department of Horticulture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali during the period from May, 2018 to September, 2018. Fifteen treatments were comprising (i) three summer tomato varieties (BARI hybrid tomato 4, 8 and 10) and (ii) five levels of boron as boric acid (0, 1, 2, 3 and 5 kg B ha-1) in all combinations. Randomized complete block design with three replications was used in the earthen pot (0.79 ft3) experimentation. The effects of varieties and boron levels showed significant variations (p <0.05) on growth and yield of summer tomato at different days after transplanting. Among the varieties at final count plant-1, delayed flowering (32.6 days), the highest plant height (93.8 cm), number of leaves (99.93), no. of branches (26.27), no. of flower clusters (18.53), no. of flowers (82.73), no. of fruits (51.87), longest fruit length (41.87 mm) and maximum fruit width (48.0 mm), weight of individual fruit (55.71 g) and total weight of fruits (2892.88 g) were observed in BARI hybrid tomato 8. In contrast, the lowest plant height (87.3 cm), no. of leaves (86.47), no. of branches (24.06), no. of flower clusters (15.87), no. of flowers (66.07), no. of fruits (37.33), weight of individual fruit (43.60 g) and total weight of fruits (1630.57 g) were found in BARI hybrid tomato 4; and early flowering (31.93 days), shortest fruit length (33.07 mm) and maximum fruit width (34.60 mm) were noticed in BARI hybrid tomato 10. Among the boron levels at final count plant-1, early flowering (29.67 days), the maximum no. of flower clusters (18.44), no. of flowers (89.11), no. of fruits (46.22) and total weight of fruits (2364.29 g) were recorded in 2 kg B ha-1 treatment; the maximum plant height (96.50 cm), no. of leaves (102.89), no. of branches (28.11), longest fruit length (42.89 mm) and maximum fruit width (46.78 mm) and weight of individual fruit (51.74 g) were obtained in 3 kg B ha-1 treatment. Conversely, delayed flowering (34.67 days), minimum plant height (83.50 cm), no. of leaves (87.56), no. of branches (21.78), no. of flower clusters (15.89), no. of flowers (63.56), no. of fruits (40.33), shortest fruit length (31.78 mm) and minimum fruit width (34.67 mm), weight of individual fruit (47.47 g) and total weight of fruits (1936.00 g) were recorded in control (0 kg B ha-1) treatment. Our results suggest that the inclusion of B (2–3 kg ha-1) with the current fertilization practice will enhance the growth and yield of summer tomato grown at AEZ (agro-ecological zone) 13 while BARI hybrid tomato 8 could be recommended as one of the promising varieties.
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Reis, Edésio Fialho dos, Jefferson Fernando Naves Pinto, Hildeu Ferreira da Assunção, and Danielle Fabíola Pereira da Silva. "Genetic diversity of macaúba fruits from 35 municipalities of the state of Goiás, Brazil." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 52, no. 4 (April 2017): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2017000400008.
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Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic diversity of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) accessions from 35 municipalities of the state of Goiás, Brazil, in order to obtain information about the genetic variability and to provide subsidies for the commercial deployment of the culture in the Midwestern region of Brazil. The bunches were harvested with ripe fruits. The following were evaluated: fruit and almond lengths and diameters; the weights of fruits and almonds; the average number of almonds, as well as the oil contents in the almond and in the dehydrated fruit. The parameters that indicated significant contributions to the variability were fruit weight, fruit width, fruit length, and oil content in the almond.
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Ahamed, K. U., B. Akter, N. Ara, M. F. Hossain, and M. Moniruzzaman. "Heritability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis in Fifty Seven Okra Genotypes." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 3, no. 1 (March 25, 2015): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.12142.
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A study was undertaken to analyses the heritability, correlation and path co-efficient for growth and fruit characteristics in fifty seven okra(Abelmoschus esculentus Lam) genotypes grown at Plant Genetic Resources Centre, Regional Agricultural Research Station, BangladeshAgricultural Research Institute during kharif season of 2013. The highest range of variation was recorded in average fruit weight (18.25-25.41g), followed by yield per plant (98.90 – 1650.00g). The highest GCV (46.70 %) and PCV (47.72 %) were recorded for fruit yield perplant while both were lowest for days to maturity (8.07 % and 8.25 %). High heritability coupled with high or moderate degree of geneticadvance was estimated in plant height (99.82 % and 205.06), number of fruits per plant (99.53% and 203.63%), number of leaves per plant(99.57% and 204.49%), number of seeds per fruit (99.73% and 205.44%), leaf length (98.22% and 198.52%), leaf diameter (98.91% and203.76%), 100-seed weight (98.12% and 202.13%) and yield per plant (95.76 % and 197.26%). The highest positive correlation were observedbetween number of fruits per plant and yield per plant (r = 0.99**) and between number of fruits per plant and 100-seed weight (r = 0.44**).Also results showed that significantly positive correlation were between 100-seed weight and yield per plant (r = 0.44**), 100-seed weight andleaf length (r =0.42**), 100-seed weight and leaf diameter (0.38**), number of leaves per plant and 100-seed weight (r = 0.28*), 100-seedweight and plant height(r =0.40**), 100-seed weight and fruit length (r =0.28*). Significantly positive correlations were also observed for plantheight and number of fruits per plant, number of leaves per plant and yield per plant. The path coefficient analysis was done to determine directand indirect effects of traits on fruit yield. Direct significant positive and negative effect of number of fruits per plant (-0.091), 100-seed weight(0.174), number of seeds per plant (-0.213), average fruit yield (-0.310) towards yield.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.12142 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 3(1): 127-133
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Ali, Khalil, Pathmanathan Umaharan, Richard Brathwaite, and Winston Elibox. "Evaluation of yield and other agronomic traits in pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) under open-field conditions in the humid tropics." Tropical Agriculture 96, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37234/ta/0000960102.
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Sixty-eight pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) accessions were evaluated for yield (measured as total number of fruits per plant and total fruit weight per plant) and 15 other traits under open-field conditions in two trials, one conducted in the dry (Trial-1) and the other in wet season (Trial-2) of 2014. Each trial was set in a randomized complete block design with three replications (20 plants per replicate) at The University of the West Indies Field Station, Mount Hope, Trinidad and Tobago. There were significant differences (p < 0.01 to 0.001) among the accessions for all traits except plant height, plant canopy width in Trial-1, and early vigour in Trial-2. Total number of fruits per plants was weakly correlated (r = 0.37 in Trial-1, r = 0.45 in Trial-2; p < 0.01 to 0.001) with total fruit weight per plant, but was strongly associated with number of fruits per plant in the first and second 5 pickings (r = 0.78 to 0.97, p < 0.001) and moderately negatively correlated (r = -0.33 to -0.56, p < 0.01 to 0.001) with fruit width and average fruit weight. Total fruit weight per plant was positively associated with fruit weight per plant in the first and second 5 pickings (r = 0.66 to 0.89, p < 0.001), and negatively correlated (r = -0.41 to -0.69, p < 0.001) with days to 50% flowering and fruiting. A comparison of linear regression lines showed that the relative ranking of the accessions over seasons did not change for days to 50% flowering and fruiting, fruit weight per plant in the second 5 pickings, total fruit weight per plant and fruit width. The implications of these results are discussed.
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Yulia, Arnis EN, M. Amrul Khoiri, Sri Yoseva, and Nuraida Nuraida. "The Effect of Tofu Dregs Compost and NPK Fertilizer the Growth and Production of Purple Eggplan (Solanum melongena L.)." Jurnal Natur Indonesia 20, no. 1 (April 12, 2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jnat.20.1.15-23.
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The research was aimed to see the effect interaction of giving tofu dregs compost and npk fertilizer to get the right dose towards growth and the highest production of purple eggplant. The research was conducted at Experimental Garden, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University, Pekanbaru. The research was conducted for 5 months, from february to june 2020. The reasearch was conducted experimentally in 2 factors. The first factor was the of tofu waste compost consists of 3 levels (0, 10 and 20 ton.ha-1). The second factor was the of NPK fertilizer (0, 100 and 150 kg.ha-1) which consist of nine treatments combination. The observed parameterswere the height of the plant (cm), the days of flowering (days), the days of harvesting (days), the fruit length (cm), the fruit diameter (cm), the number of fruits per plant (fruit), the fruit weight per fruit (g), the fruit weight per plant (g) and the fruit weight with plot (g). The data in this research was analyzed in using variance and followed by Duncan's multiple distance test at 5% level. The results showed that tofu waste compost and NPK fertilizer increased the growth of eggplant such as the height of the plant, the days of flowering, the days of harvesting, the number of fruits per plant, the fruit length, the fruit weight per fruit, the fruit weight per plant and the fruit weight with plot and does not increase fruit diameter. The giving tofu waste compost at a dose 20 ton.ha-1 and NPK fertilizer 150 kg.ha-1 gave the best eggplant growth and production until the plants were 90 DAP
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Bayuelo-Jiménez, Jeannette Sofía, Norma Rivera Alcantar, and Iván Ochoa. "Sapote mamey [Pouteria sapota (Jacquin) H.E. Moore & Stearn]: A potential fruit crop for subtropical regions of Michoacan, Mexico." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87, no. 3 (July 1, 2007): 537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p06-028.
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Genotypes of sapote mamey, Pouteria sapota [(Jacquin) H.E. Moore & Stearn] from central-western Michoacán in Mexico were characterized based on physical and chemical fruit characteristics. Cluster analysis of data indicated seven distinct genotype clusters. The greatest variability among clusters was attributed to physical and chemical fruit characteristics. Those were fruit weight, length, width, shape and texture; the ratio of fruit weight to seed weight; seed weight and length; mesocarp thickness and weight; epicarp weight; and the compositional components titratable acidity (TA), protein, total soluble solids (TSS), TSS to TA ratio and TSS to pH ratio. Canonical discriminant analysis was a used to identify the most desirable sapote mamey fruits based on physical (fruit and mesocarp weight) and compositional parameters. Two canonical discriminant functions explained >90% of the accumulated variation a mong the seven clusters of genotypes. Fruit weight, mesocarp thickness, and the ratio of total soluble solids to titratable acidity were dominant in the first function; and fruit weight and mesocarp thickness were dominant in the second. These morphological variables could be used for selecting sapote mamey trees with uniform fruit quality for either direct consumption or processing. Key words: Sapotaceae, sapote mamey, Pouteria sapota, cluster analysis, canonical discriminant analysis, fruit, morphological characterization
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Mohammad, Saadatian, Paiza Abdurahman, Kanar Salim, Pershang Younis, Hewen Abdurahman, and Silaw Mohammad. "Physico-chemical characteristics of pomegranate accessions from the Kurdistan region, Iraq." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 63, no. 4 (2018): 355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1804355m.
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Some physico-chemical properties of ten pomegranate accessions collected from different districts in the Kurdistan region of Iraq were investigated in this paper. Considerable correlations between the characteristics studied were found and valuable pomological traits were observed. Cluster analysis showed the homonyms between some pomegranate accessions. Principle component analysis reported that the component describing the greatest variability also positively correlated with fruit weight, total aril weight, total peel weight, volume of juice, total soluble solids (TSS), fruit length, fruit diameter, pH, aril length, and 100-seed fresh weight, but negatively correlated with titratable acidity (TA). Fruit weight was firmly correlated with total aril weight, total peel weight, volume of juice, TSS, aril length, 100-seed fresh weight, fruit length and fruit diameter. The volume of juice was correlated with TSS, aril length, 100-seed fresh weight, fruit length, fruit diameter and it was observed that with an increase in the fruit size, the volume of juice increased as well. The correlation between total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity was not observed. The associations found among physical and chemical traits suggest that consumers should use large fruits with large arils so that they have more juice. Thus, ?Choman?, ?Raniyeh? and ?Halabja? were juicier than other accessions.
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Wubs, A. Maaike, Yuntao Ma, Lia Hemerik, and Ep Heuvelink. "Fruit Set and Yield Patterns in Six Capsicum Cultivars." HortScience 44, no. 5 (August 2009): 1296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.5.1296.
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Fruit set and yield patterns were studied in detail in six pepper cultivars. Fruit set differed largely between the cultivars: cultivars with small fruits (fruit fresh weight 20 to 40 g) showed higher fruit set (≈50%) than cultivars with large fruits (fruit fresh weight 120 to 200 g; 11% to 19%). The former showed continuous fruit set (four to five fruits/plant/week), whereas the latter showed fluctuations in fruit set. Fluctuations in weekly fruit set, expressed as the ratio between standard deviation of weekly fruit set and the mean of weekly fruit set (cv), were much lower for the cultivars with small fruits (0.44 to 0.49) than for the cultivars with large fruits (1.1 to 1.6). Fluctuations in weekly fruit yield varied between 0.51 and 0.77 for cultivars with small fruits and between 1.04 and 1.45 for cultivars with large fruits. Fluctuations in fruit yield were significantly positively correlated (Pearson R = 0.87) with fluctuations in fruit set. The correlation between fruit set and fruit yield patterns was highest with a lag time of 8 weeks for the cultivars with small fruits and 9 to 10 weeks for the cultivars with large fruits. This corresponds with the expected lag time based on the average fruit growth duration. The cultivars produced the same amount of biomass, implying that source strength was more or less similar. Hence, differences in fruit set and fruit yield patterns between the cultivars were not the result of differences in source strength and must therefore be related to differences in sink strength.
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Anand, Jahan, Jagmohan Singh Rawat, Vidyawati Rawat, Bhupendra Singh, Vinod Prasad Khanduri, Manoj Kumar Riyal, Prabhat Kumar, Marina M. S. Cabral Pinto, and Munesh Kumar. "Climatic and Altitudinal Variation in Physicochemical Properties of Citrus sinensis in India." Land 11, no. 11 (November 13, 2022): 2033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11112033.
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C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck is grown in large-scale, in-home gardens of traditional agroforestry systems in the Garhwal Himalaya. The present investigation of C. sinensis was conducted on the basis of twenty-six populations in different home gardens located in different geographical variables. The aim was to understand variations in physicochemical properties, viz., fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, peel thickness, peel weight, juice sacks, juice weight, seeds/fruits, rudimentary seeds/fruits, seed weight, total soluble solids, citric acid, ascorbic acid and sugar content. The results of the study revealed that the physicochemical properties of C. sinensis were significantly varied among the populations. The fruit weight was the most variable among the morphological characteristics, and vitamin C among the nutritive parameters. The average fruit weight varied from 96.64 to 296.86 g/fruit. The other study traits were found to oscillate between 7.73 and 12.76 °Brix (total soluble solids); 3.04 and 5.96% (citric acid); 31.45 and 86.45 mg/g−1 (vitamin C) and 4.65 and 9.27% soluble sugar. Geographical variables (altitude, latitude and longitude, temperature and rainfall) have influenced the physicochemical parameters of C. sinensis significantly. Amongst the physicochemical properties, fruit weight and vitamin C were the most variable parameters and could be used for the improvement of C. sinensis. These variations in the C. sinensis population have enabled great advances in better understanding the variability in the physicochemical properties of fruit and response to biotic and abiotic stresses.