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1
Howpage, Daya, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, and Centre for Horticulture and Plant Sciences. "Pollination biology of kiwifruit : influence of honey bees, Apis mellifera L, pollen parents and pistil structure." THESIS_FEMA_HPS_Howpage_D.xml, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/338.
Abstract:
The importance of European honey bees in improving fruit set, yield and fruit weight of kiwifruit on the central east coast of Australia was investigated. Field investigations were carried out using different bee saturations and different types of male pollen parents. These investigations confirmed the importance of honey bees in kiwifruit fruit set, yield and fruit weight. However, the results suggested that increasing bee activity alone may not increase pollination of kiwifruit by honey bees. Many factors need to be understood before introducing bees into the orchard. Bees were more effective during the early part of the flowering period, and bee activity varied according to the sex of the vine, planting design and the time of day. The type of male pollen parents also influenced fruit size and quality. Flowers pollinated by different pollen parents were assessed for pollen tube growth and histochemical changes. The resulting fruit were also examined for weight and seed numbers. Honey bees play the major role in the size and yield of kiwifruit, but the design of male vines, their age and type of male pollen may also contribute. The kiwifruit pistil also possesses important features that can be considered as adaptations to insect pollination.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
2
Cabrera, Antonio. "Genetic Analysis and Fruit weight QTL fine mapping in Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.)." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313531104.
3
Greenawalt, Laine M. "Comparative Analysis of Pawpaw Production Data from 2005-2012." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1466428938.
4
Rezende, Maíra Queiroz. "Extrafloral nectary-bearing trees enhance pest control and increase fruit weight in associated coffee plants." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2014. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/6633.
Abstract:
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Foi avaliado o efeito da presença de uma árvore que possui nectários extraflorais (Inga sp., Fabaceae) no controle do bicho-mineiro do cafeeiro (Leucoptera coffeella) e broca- do-café (Hypothenemus hampei) em cafeeiros sob sistemas agroflorestais. A disponibilidade de néctar em árvores de Ingá aumentou o parasitismo do bicho-mineiro e diminuiu os danos em plantas de café. Para elucidar os mecanismos envolvidos no controle das pragas do café em sistemas agroflorestais foi avaliado o efeito do néctar, como uma fonte de alimento, no fitness de inimigos naturais das pragas do café. Em laboratório, foi avaliado o efeito de um alimento rico em açúcar, semelhante ao néctar, na biologia de um tripes predador que foi encontrado dentro de frutos brocados de café e se alimentando nos nectários dos Ingás nos sistemas agroflorestais. Além disso, foi avaliado o efeito da predação do tripes na população de brocas no interior de frutos brocados. A sobrevivência do tripes aumentou com a fonte de alimento rica em açúcar. No entanto, o tempo de desenvolvimento das larvas aumentou e eles não atingiram a idade adulta, a não ser quando foram alimentados com a broca-do-café. A predação do tripes não foi suficiente para diminuir a população de brocas-do-café no interior dos frutos. O efeito do néctar extrafloral do Ingá na sobrevivência de inimigos naturais do bicho-mineiro também foi avaliado. A sobrevivência de quatro espécies de parasitoides e de uma espécie de crisopídio aumentou quando se alimentaram de néctar extrafloral. Por fim, foi realizado um experimento em campo para comparar a produção do café, os danos no cafeeiro e o parasitismo e a predação das pragas entre café em monocultivo e café consorciado com árvores de Ingá. Para avaliar o efeito da proximidade das árvores na proteção do café, a produção e o controle de pragas foram avaliados ao longo de transectos de 50 m se estendendo a partir das árvores Ingá. O peso dos frutos do café aumentou quando o café foi consorciado com árvores Ingá. Os danos causados pelo bicho-mineiro e pela broca-do-café também foram menores no café consorciado e aumentou com a distância das árvores. O parasitismo e predação das pragas do café não respondeu significativamente à presença das árvores, mas mostrou a tendência esperada. Portanto, árvores de Ingá com nectários extraflorais aumentam o controle natural de pragas e a produção em cultivos cafeeiros.
The effect of the presence of an extrafloral nectary-bearing tree (Inga sp., Fabaceae) on the control of coffee leaf miner (Leucoptera coffeella) and coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) in agroforestry coffee systems was assessed. The availability of nectar from Inga trees increased parasitism of coffee leaf miner and decreased damage on coffee plants. To uncover mechanisms behind enhanced pest control in agroforestry systems we assessed the effect of nectar feeding on fitness of natural enemies of coffee pests. Through a laboratory experiment, we assess the effect of a sugar-rich food source resembling nectar on life-history traits of a predatory thrips that was found inside bored coffee fruits and feeding on extrafloral nectar of Inga trees during surveys in coffee agroforestry systems. Also, we assessed the effect of the thrips predation on coffee berry borer population inside the berries. The predatory thrips benefited from feeding on sugar-rich food through increased survival. However, the developmental time of larvae was increased and they did not reach adulthood unless fed on coffee berry borers. Thrips did not decrease the abundance of coffee berry borer inside the berries. The effect of nectar from Inga trees on natural enemies of coffee leaf miners was also assessed. Four parasitoid species and one green lacewing species increased their survival when feeding on extrafloral nectar. Subsequently, we performed a field experiment comparing coffee yield, coffee damage and parasitism and predation of coffee pests between coffee plots with or without Inga trees. To evaluate the effect of nectar source proximity on coffee protection, we also assessed pest control and production along transects of 50 m extending from the Inga trees. Coffee fruit weight was increased when coffee was consorted with Inga trees. Damage caused by coffee leaf miners and coffee berry borers were also lower in consorted coffee plants and increased with distance from the trees. Parasitism and predation of coffee pests did not increase significantly when coffee was associated with Inga trees, but showed the proper trends. Therefore, Inga trees bearing extrafloral nectaries enhanced natural pest control of pests and production in coffee crops.
5
Hill, Mary D. "Recalled Fruit and Vegetable Intake while Growing up and its Association with Adult Fruit and Vegetable Intake among U.S. Adults - Analysis of the Food Attitudes and Behaviors Survey." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/169.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT
MARY D. HILL
Recalled fruit and vegetable intake while growing up and its association with adult fruit and vegetable intake among U.S. adults – analysis of the food attitudes and behaviors survey
(Under the direction of DR. KYMBERLE STERLING)
High dietary intake of fruits and vegetables (FVs) is associated with a lower risk for chronic disease including certain cancers, optimal child growth, and weight management. More than 72 million U.S. adults are obese; therefore, fruit and vegetable intake is important in weight management. Using data from the Food Attitude and Behavior survey, this study will address the following questions: is there a correlation between recalled fruit and vegetable intake during childhood and adult fruit and vegetable intake among U.S. adults? Secondly, is reported fruit and vegetable consumption associated with sociodemographic variables and other health-related behaviors? Results indicated there is a positive correlation between recalled FV intake and reported FV intake in adults. Therefore, public health practitioners should develop initiatives to increase the amount of FV intake in children so that these FV consumption habits may continue in adulthood.
6
Mu, Qi. "The cloning and cellular basis of a novel tomato fruit weight gene: Cell Size Regulator (FW11.3/CSR)." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437584743.
7
García, Palominos Cecilia Loreto. "Evaluación del efecto raleador de cianamida hidrogenada en manzanos var. red king oregon, braeburn y red chief." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/101766.
8
Pasch, Ludwig Anselm. "The effect of leaf area to crop weight ratios on fruit quality and performance of grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Noir)." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8635.
Abstract:
Mestrado Vinifera EuroMaster - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaVine performance, fruit and wine composition were investigated on field grown Pinot Noir grapevines subjected to a range of leaf removal and cluster thinning treatments. Both treatments were applied in three levels (25 %, 50 % and 100 % of leaves and clusters retained, respectively) at the phenological stage of pea-size. New emerging leaves were removed as they appeared. Veraison was delayed when leaf area to fruit weight ratio (LA/Y) dropped below a certain threshold (13 cm2 g-1). On the contrary a high LA/Y ratio (> 26 cm2g-1) did not show any difference on fruit colouration. No significant differences in single leaf photosynthetic rate were observed between the treatments, however, there was a trend that vines from the 50 % leaf retained treatment tended to exhibit highest values for stomatal conductance and photosynthesis. Defoliated vines compensated for a restricted leaf area by increasing individual leaf size of the remaining leaves.The results of the present study suggest that fruit is produced at the expense of vegetative growth. High crop levels resulted in a decrease of individual leaf size. Moreover, pruning weight and LA/Y ratio were positively correlated. Sugar accumulation in grape berries were shown to follow a saturation curve. An increase of the source to sink ratio up to a certain point was accompanied by an increase in sugar accumulation. If this threshold was exceeded, additional leaf area did not promote higher sugar accumulation, indicating that the vine might be sink-limited. The most severe defoliation treatment significantly reduced berry size and berry weight. No consistent pattern between titratable acidity, pH and YAN and leaf area to fruit weight ratio could be found. Wine tannin content and wine colour parameters were not affected by the treatments
9
Howpage, Daya. "Pollination biology of kiwifruit : influence of honey bees, Apis mellifera L, pollen parents and pistil structure." Thesis, Richmond, N.S.W. : Centre for Horticulture and Plant Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/338.
Abstract:
The importance of European honey bees in improving fruit set, yield and fruit weight of kiwifruit on the central east coast of Australia was investigated. Field investigations were carried out using different bee saturations and different types of male pollen parents. These investigations confirmed the importance of honey bees in kiwifruit fruit set, yield and fruit weight. However, the results suggested that increasing bee activity alone may not increase pollination of kiwifruit by honey bees. Many factors need to be understood before introducing bees into the orchard. Bees were more effective during the early part of the flowering period, and bee activity varied according to the sex of the vine, planting design and the time of day. The type of male pollen parents also influenced fruit size and quality. Flowers pollinated by different pollen parents were assessed for pollen tube growth and histochemical changes. The resulting fruit were also examined for weight and seed numbers. Honey bees play the major role in the size and yield of kiwifruit, but the design of male vines, their age and type of male pollen may also contribute. The kiwifruit pistil also possesses important features that can be considered as adaptations to insect pollination.
10
Courtmanche, Mia Jill. "Assement of Change in Fruit and Vegetable Intakes and Exercise Behavior of College Students Following an Online Intervention." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/CourtmancheMJ2009.pdf.
11
Ballester, Lurbe Carlos. "Regulated deficit irrigation in citrus: agronomic response and water stress indicators." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/28582.
Abstract:
In the Mediterranean area water is a scarce natural resource and periods of drought are frequent. It is then important to increase water use efficiency of irrigated crops. In order to achieve this, one promising option is regulated deficit irrigation (RDI). RDI consists in reducing water application during stages of crop development when yield and fruit quality have low sensitivity to water stress. Full irrigation is provided during the rest of the season to maintain production and fruit quality at adequate levels (Behboudian and Mills, 1997). In citrus, flowering and fruit set are sensitive periods to water restrictions, because water stress during this period increases fruit drop (Ginestar and Castel 1996). The more appropriate phenological period for applying water restrictions seems to be the summer period providing that water applications returned at full dosage sufficiently before harvest in order to allow for compensation in fruit growth (Cohen and Goell 1988).
Previous work by González-Altozano and Castel (1999) showed the feasibility of applying RDI in 'Clementina de Nules' and identified threshold values of plant water stress that allowed water savings of about 10-20% without any detrimental effect on yield or fruit size. It would be desirable now to study the extrapolation of these results to commercial orchards of citrus and assess the use of RDI in different citrus cultivars.
Two RDI strategies (RDI-1, irrigated at 50% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) during summer and; RDI-2, irrigated at 35% ETc during the same period to RDI-1) will be compared with a control treatment irrigated at full requirements. As the level of water stress reached by trees is the important factor when RDI strategies are applied, the study of accurate water stress indicators for citrus is also needed. Thus, during the period of water restrictions the use of sap flow and canopy temperature measurements, obtained by thermal imaging or by means of fixed infrared thermometer sensors, will be assessed and compared to classical methods like stem water potential and stomatal conductance.Ballester Lurbe, C. (2013). Regulated deficit irrigation in citrus: agronomic response and water stress indicators [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/28582
TESIS
Premiado
12
Lessa, Bruno FranÃa da Trindade. "Germination and growth of seedling of Enterolobium contorsiliquum (Vell.) Morong depending on the weight of seed, location in fruit and conditions of temperature and light." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9430.
Abstract:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoCurrently comes increasing the interest with agronomical emphasis by native forest species from Brazil, due its applications in various sectors of the economy. The âtamborilâ (Enterolobium contorsiliquum (Vell.) Morong) is one of these species, presenting importance for the timber, landscape, medical, beekeeping sector, beyond to be indicated for recovery of degraded large areas. The objective of this work was studying the seeds germination and seedlings growth of E. contorsiliquum in function of seeds weight, location on fruit and conditions of temperature and light. Two experiments were conducted: in the first, the seeds were separated according to the weight, in three classes (light, intermediaries and heavy), submitting each class to germination test under absence and presence of light in four different temperatures (20, 30, 40 and 20-30ÂC). This experiment was disposed in triple factorial squeme 3x2x4 (related to three classes, two light regimes and four temperatures) under completely randomized design, with four replications. In the second, the seeds were separated according to their location in the fruit (proximal, central and distal regions) and submitted to germination test under the temperatures of 25 and 20-30ÂC, using factorial squeme 3x2 (three locations and two temperatures) in completely randomized design with four replications. For both experiments were determined the variables: germination first count, final percentage and rate, length and dry weight of shoot, root and total, beyond of accelerated aging only for the second experiment. All data were submitted to normality test and, when they were presented normal was performed variance analysis and the compare means by Tukey test, when no normal only Mann-Whitney test. The germination of âtamborilâ was shown to be insensitive to light with high percentage and rate when using the temperature of 40ÂC, however this temperature detracted the seedlings development. So the temperature more indicated for the settlement of âtamborilâ is 30ÂC. The heavy seeds had always the best results, showing the use of these seeds ensures seedlings production more uniform and with good development. Among the variables assessed the location of the seeds influenced only the germination rate, which was higher for seeds of the distal region of the fruit at 25ÂC. Conclude also the alternating temperature doesnât affect the seeds germination and seedlings growth of âtamborilâ.
Atualmente vem crescendo o interesse com cunho agronÃmico pelas espÃcies florestais nativas do Brasil, em virtude de suas aplicaÃÃes em diversos setores da economia. O tamboril (Enterolobium contorsiliquum (Vell.) Morong) à uma destas espÃcies, apresentando importÃncia para o setor madeireiro, paisagÃstico, medicinal, melÃfero, alÃm de ser indicada para recomposiÃÃo de Ãreas degradadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a germinaÃÃo de sementes e o crescimento de plÃntulas de tamboril em funÃÃo do peso, localizaÃÃo das sementes no fruto e condiÃÃes de temperatura e luz. Foram realizados dois experimentos: no primeiro, as sementes foram separadas de acordo com o peso, em trÃs classes (leves, mÃdias e pesadas), submetendo-se, cada classe, ao teste de germinaÃÃo sob ausÃncia e presenÃa de luz em quatro diferentes temperaturas (20, 30, 40 e 20-30ÂC). Este experimento foi disposto em esquema fatorial triplo 3x2x4 (referentes a trÃs classes, dois regimes de luz e quatro temperaturas) sob delineamento inteiramente casualisado, com quatro repetiÃÃes. No segundo, as sementes foram separadas de acordo com sua localizaÃÃo no fruto (regiÃes proximal, central e distal) e submetidas ao teste de germinaÃÃo sob as temperaturas de 25 e 20-30ÂC, utilizando-se esquema fatorial 3x2 (trÃs locais e duas temperaturas) em delineamento inteiramente casualisado com quatro repetiÃÃes. Para ambos os experimentos foram determinadas as variÃveis: primeira contagem, porcentagem final e Ãndice de velocidade de germinaÃÃo, comprimento e massa seca da parte aÃrea, raiz e total das plÃntulas, alÃm do envelhecimento acelerado para o segundo experimento. Todos os dados foram submetidos a teste de normalidade e, quando estes apresentaram-se normais realizou-se anÃlise de variÃncia e a comparaÃÃo das mÃdias pelo teste de Tukey, quando nÃo normais apenas teste de Mann-Whitney. A germinaÃÃo de tamboril mostrou-se insensÃvel à luz com alta porcentagem e velocidade quando utilizou-se a temperatura de 40ÂC, todavia esta temperatura prejudicou o desenvolvimento das plÃntulas. Assim a temperatura mais indicada para o estabelecimento de tamboril à a de 30ÂC. As sementes pesadas obtiveram sempre os melhores resultados, mostrando que a utilizaÃÃo destas sementes garante produÃÃo de mudas mais uniforme e com bom desenvolvimento. Dentre as variÃveis avaliadas, a localizaÃÃo das sementes influenciou apenas a velocidade de germinaÃÃo, a qual foi maior para as sementes da regiÃo distal do fruto a 25ÂC. Conclui-se tambÃm que a alternÃncia de temperatura nÃo afeta a germinaÃÃo e crescimento das plÃntulas de tamboril.
13
Childerhouse, Emma. "The effect of a natural plant extract and synthetic plant growth regulators on growth, quality and endogenous hormones of Actinidia chinensis and Actinidia deliciosa fruit : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Horticultural Science at Massey University, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1052.
Abstract:
Kiwifruit are of huge economic importance for New Zealand representing 29 percent of total horticultural exports. Fruit size is the biggest determinant of what consumers are willing to pay, and there is also a positive relationship between consumer preference for flavour and percentage dry matter. The two main cultivars exported from New Zealand are Actinidia chinensis ‘Hort 16A’ (gold kiwifruit) and A. deliciosa ‘Hayward’ (green kiwifruit). Under current commercial practice the only product allowed for use on kiwifruit to increase fruit size in New Zealand is Benefit®. Benefit® has been shown to induce different results when applied to A. chinensis and A. deliciosa, whereas synthetic plant growth regulators such as the cytokinin-like substance N-(2- chloro-4-pyridyl)-N’-phenylurea (CPPU) have been found to promote similar increases in fresh weight of fruit in both cultivars. Final fruit size is determined by both cell division and cell enlargement. It was been shown that fresh weight can be increased in both of the major Actinidia cultivars even though their physiology differs. Hormonal control of fruit size in relation to cell division and cell enlargement phases of fruit growth was studied in both A. chinensis and A. deliciosa. CPPU was applied to both cultivars in a growth response experiment where fruit were collected throughout the growing season. The objective of this experiment was to create growth curves, to compare and contrast the effect on A. chinensis and A. deliciosa, and to provide material for hormone analysis. Application of CPPU was found to significantly increase the fresh weight of both A. chinensis and A. deliciosa fruit (46.98 and 31.34 g increases respectively), and alter the ratio of inner and outer pericarps of A. chinensis fruit. CPPU and Benefit® were applied individually and together to both cultivars. It was found that only A. chinesis fruit were affected by the application of Benefit®; fresh weight was increased by 26.38 g, and percentage dry matter was significantly reduced. There was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) interaction between CPPU and Benefit® when applied to A. chinensis. 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyloxyacetic acid (3,5,6-TPA) was applied to A. deliciosa on two application dates at three concentrations and was found to decrease fresh weight of fruit, but significantly increase percentage dry matter regardless of application date or concentration. Lastly CPPU and 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) were applied to A. deliciosa at two application dates and in all combinations. Application date affected the response to both a low concentration of CPPU and NAA. A synergistic interaction was observed when CPPU was applied early plus NAA late (CPPU early (4.53 g increase) plus NAA late (13.29 g) < CPPU early plus NAA late (33.85 g). Finally endogenous hormone content was studied. Methods were developed and tested for the simultaneous analysis of both indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and cytokinins. Freeze dried fruit were purified using Waters Sep-pak® cartridges and Oasis® columns then IAA was quantified by high pressure liquid chromatography. Preliminary results indicate a correlation between application of CPPU and endogenous IAA, high concentrations of IAA correlated well with periods of rapid fruit growth particularly for CPPU treated fruit.
14
Thomas, Sarah Nichole. "Making the Transition: Comparing the Use of Narrative and Non-Narrative Messages to Increase Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Cancer Survivors." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1460993101.
15
Zhao, Jiantao. "Combining Association and Haplotype Studies Towards the Improvement of Fruit Quality in Tomato Multiple haplotype-based analyses provide genetic and evolutionary insights into tomato fruit weight and composition Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies provides insights into genetic control of tomato flavor Genomic designing for climate smart tomato." Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG0712.
Abstract:
Les consommateurs se plaignent de la qualité gustative des tomates depuis des décennies. Celle-ci est influencée principalement par les sucres, les acides et un ensemble de divers composés volatils. L’amélioration de la saveur de la tomate reste l’un des principaux défis à relever pour améliorer la qualité de la tomate et l’acceptabilité des consommateurs pour l’amélioration moderne des tomates. Le but principal de cette thèse était de disséquer le contrôle génétique de la saveur de la tomate en utilisant des SNP à haute densité et un ensemble divers de traits liés à la saveur, notamment les sucres, les acides, les acides aminés et les composés volatils. Dans la première partie, j'ai effectué plusieurs analyses basées sur l’exploration des haplotypes dans une collection d’accessions. Plusieurs approches ont été utilisées et comparées pour identifier les régions génomiques en cours de sélection. Les modèles bayésiens de génétique d’association basés sur les haplotypes et une partie des SNP ont identifié 108 associations significatives pour 26 caractères. Parmi ces associations, certains gènes candidats prometteurs ont été identifiés. Certains avantages de l’utilisation des haplotypes ont également été présentés. Dans la deuxième partie, j'ai réalisé une méta-analyse d'études d'association pangénomique à l'aide de trois panels d'associations de tomates. J'ai démontré l'efficacité de l'imputation des génotypes pour augmenter la couverture de SNP à l'échelle du génome. Des méta-analyses de modèles à effets fixes et à effets aléatoires (pour les SNP présentant une hétérogénéité I2 > 25) ont été effectuées afin de contrôler l'hétérogénéité croisée des études. Au total, 305 locus significatifs ont été identifiés, dont 211 nouveaux. Parmi ceux-ci, 24 locus ont présenté des cis-eQTL lors d'une précédente étude d'association à l'échelle du transcriptome de fruits. L'analyse d'enrichissement pour toutes les associations a montré que jusqu'à 10 processus biologiques étaient enrichis de manière significative et que tous étaient étroitement impliqués dans les métabolites liés aux arômes. Une liste de gènes candidats prometteurs a été fournie, qui pourraient présenter un grand intérêt pour la validation fonctionnelle. J'ai également démontré la possibilité d'augmenter de manière significative le contenu en composés volatils qui contribuent de manière positive aux préférences des consommateurs tout en réduisant les volatils désagréables, en sélectionnant les combinaisons d'allèles pertinentes. Globalement, cette thèse augmente les connaissances du contrôle génétique du goût de la tomate, ce qui devrait contribuer à son améliorationConsumers have been complaining about tomato flavor for decades. Tomato taste is mainly influenced by sugars, acids and a diverse set of volatiles. Improving tomato flavor remains one of the main challenges for improving tomato sensory quality and consumer acceptability in modern tomato breeding. The main purpose of this thesis was to decipher the genetic and evolutionary control of tomato flavor by using high density SNPs and a diverse set of flavor-related metabolites, including sugars, acids, amino acids and volatiles. In the first part, I performed multiple haplotype-based analyses on a tomato core collection. Several approaches were used and compared to identify the genomic regions under selection. Haplotype and SNP-based Bayesian models identified 108 significant associations for 26 traits. Among these associations, some promising candidate genes were identified. I also compared marker local haplotype sharing (mLHS) with LD in determining the candidate regions. In addition, some general benefits of using haplotypes were also provided as general discussions. In the second part, I pioneered in introducing meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies using three tomato association panels. I demonstrated the efficiency of genotype imputation in increasing the genome-wide SNP coverage. Both fixed-effect and random-effect models (for those SNPs with heterogeneity I2 > 25) of meta-analysis were performed in order to control cross-study heterogeneity. A total of 305 significant loci were identified and 211 of which were new. Among them, 24 loci exhibited cis-eQTLs in a previous transcriptome-wide association study in fruit tissue. Enrichment analysis for all associations showed that up to 10 biological processes were significantly enriched and all of which were closely involved in flavor-related metabolites. A list of promising candidate genes was provided, which could be of great interest for functional validation. I also demonstrated the possibility to significantly increase the content of volatiles that positively contribute to consumer preferences while reducing unpleasant volatiles, by selection of the relevant allele combinations. Taken together, this thesis provides a comprehensive knowledge of the genetic control of tomato flavor, which will promote its improvement
16
Olsen, M., S. Rasmussen, C. Nischwitz, and M. Kilby. "Effect of Powdery Mildew on Pecan Nut Weight and Quality." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/223843.
Abstract:
Powdery mildew of pecan, caused by Microsphaera ulni, results in discoloration of pecan shucks, but its effects on yield and quality of kernels are not known. In 1999, powdery mildew was observed on pecan shucks by the latter part of June in a commercial pecan orchard near Sahuarita, Arizona. The fungus continued to be active throughout the summer. However, results of a field test comparing diseased and healthy nuts from two varieties of pecans indicate that powdery mildew did not affect nut weight or quality. Whole nut weights, kernel weights, color ratings or percentage of discarded nuts were not significant between paired clusters of nuts that were treated with fungicides and remained disease free and untreated nuts that were infected with powdery mildew. Although shucks may have a high percentage of area covered by powdery mildew, results from this trial indicate that fungicide treatments are not warranted.
17
McKinnon, Loretta Carmen. "The contribution of psychosocial factors to socioeconomic differences in food purchasing." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/60893/1/Loretta_McKinnon_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract:
In developed countries the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) and health is unequivocal. Those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged are known to experience higher morbidity and mortality from a range of chronic diet-related conditions compared to those of higher SEP. Socioeconomic inequalities in diet are well established. Compared to their more advantaged counterparts, those of low SEP are consistently found to consume diets less consistent with dietary guidelines (i.e. higher in fat, salt and sugar and lower in fibre, fruit and vegetables). Although the reasons for dietary inequalities remain unclear, understanding how such differences arise is important for the development of strategies to reduce health inequalities.
Both environmental (e.g. proximity of supermarkets, price, and availability of foods) and psychosocial (e.g. taste preference, nutrition knowledge) influences are proposed to account for inequalities in food choices. Although in the United States (US), United Kingdom (UK), and parts of Australia, environmental factors are associated with socioeconomic differences in food choices, these factors do not completely account for the observed inequalities. Internationally, this context has prompted calls for further exploration of the role of psychological and social factors in relation to inequalities in food choices. It is this task that forms the primary goal of this PhD research.
In the small body of research examining the contribution of psychosocial factors to inequalities in food choices, studies have focussed on food cost concerns, nutrition knowledge or health concerns. These factors are generally found to be influential. However, since a range of psychosocial factors are known determinants of food choices in the general population, it is likely that a range of factors also contribute to inequalities in food choices. Identification of additional psychosocial factors of relevance to inequalities in food choices would provide new opportunities for health promotion, including the adaption of existing strategies.
The methodological features of previous research have also hindered the advancement of knowledge in this area and a lack of qualitative studies has resulted in a dearth of descriptive information on this topic.
This PhD investigation extends previous research by assessing a range of psychosocial factors in relation to inequalities in food choices using both quantitative and qualitative techniques. Secondary data analyses were undertaken using data obtained from two Brisbane-based studies, the Brisbane Food Study (N=1003, conducted in 2000), and the Sixty Families Study (N=60, conducted in 1998). Both studies involved main household food purchasers completing an interviewer-administered survey within their own home. Data pertaining to food-purchasing, and psychosocial, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics were collected in each study.
The mutual goals of both the qualitative and quantitative phases of this investigation were to assess socioeconomic differences in food purchasing and to identify psychosocial factors relevant to any observed differences. The quantitative methods then additionally considered whether the associations examined differed according to the socioeconomic indicator used (i.e. income or education). The qualitative analyses made a unique contribution to this project by generating detailed descriptions of socioeconomic differences in psychosocial factors.
Those with lower levels of income and education were found to make food purchasing choices less consistent with dietary guidelines compared to those of high SEP. The psychosocial factors identified as relevant to food-purchasing inequalities were: taste preferences, health concerns, health beliefs, nutrition knowledge, nutrition concerns, weight concerns, nutrition label use, and several other values and beliefs unique to particular socioeconomic groups. Factors more tenuously or inconsistently related to socioeconomic differences in food purchasing were cost concerns, and perceived adequacy of the family diet. Evidence was displayed in both the quantitative and qualitative analyses to suggest that psychosocial factors contribute to inequalities in food purchasing in a collective manner. The quantitative analyses revealed that considerable overlap in the socioeconomic variation in food purchasing was accounted for by key psychosocial factors of importance, including taste preference, nutrition concerns, nutrition knowledge, and health concerns. Consistent with these findings, the qualitative transcripts demonstrated the interplay between such influential psychosocial factors in determining food-purchasing choices.
The qualitative analyses found socioeconomic differences in the prioritisation of psychosocial factors in relation to food choices. This is suggestive of complex cultural factors that distinguish advantaged and disadvantaged groups and result in socioeconomically distinct schemas related to health and food choices. Compared to those of high SEP, those of lower SEP were less likely to indicate that health concerns, nutrition concerns, or food labels influenced food choices, and exhibited lower levels of nutrition knowledge. In the absence of health or nutrition-related concerns, taste preferences tended to dominate the food purchasing choices of those of low SEP. Overall, while cost concerns did not appear to be a main determinant of socioeconomic differences in food purchasing, this factor had a dominant influence on the food choices of some of the most disadvantaged respondents included in this research.
The findings of this study have several implications for health promotion. The integrated operation of psychosocial factors on food purchasing inequalities indicates that multiple psychosocial factors may be appropriate to target in health promotion. It also seems possible that the inter-relatedness of psychosocial factors would allow health promotion targeting a single psychosocial factor to have a flow-on affect in terms of altering other influential psychosocial factors. This research also suggests that current mass marketing approaches to health promotion may not be effective across all socioeconomic groups due to differences in the priorities and main factors of influence in food purchasing decisions across groups.
In addition to the practical recommendations for health promotion, this investigation, through the critique of previous research, and through the substantive study findings, has highlighted important methodological considerations for future research. Of particular note are the recommendations pertaining to the selection of socioeconomic indicators, measurement of relevant constructs, consideration of confounders, and development of an analytical approach.
Addressing inequalities in health has been noted as a main objective by many health authorities and governments internationally. It is envisaged that the substantive and methodological findings of this thesis will make a useful contribution towards this important goal.
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Al-badri, Samir B. Salman. "Extending Saleable Shelf Life Of Selected Perishable Specialty Crops." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1648.
Abstract:
Farmers are limited in the amount of specialty crops they can plant, harvest and market without adequate cooling to preserve commodities before sale. A cooler available at a farm would allow the farmer to harvest his produce earlier and take it to market at a later time. Cooling available on the farm will help a farmer to harvest commodities during peak harvest times and store it for future sale at multiple farmers markets or over a period of a week or more at a farm market. A cooler will give a farmer more logistical options. An indirect-direct evaporative pad cooling can provide cooling with high humidity which is sufficient to prolong shelf life. A cool room with window air conditioning (AC) was modified by adding indirect-direct evaporative cooling. The cool room was used for comparative study of produce shelf life under AC (with CoolBot), indirect-direct evaporative cooling (EC), residential AC (RES), and farm building (FB) storage. Results showed that FB had a lower shelf life because of non-conditioned space. RES was a table in an office building with a temperature of about 22°C. For produce with medium temperature requirements such as tomato, cucumber, and green pepper the shelf life was prolonged more in the cooler room. Strawberry and blueberry had a much longer shelf life in a cooler. The shelf life of the blueberry stored at Cooler AC was longer about two and a half fold longer than Cooler EC and RES, and five and half fold longer than FB. The shelf life of the strawberry in Cooler AC was longer one-fold than Cooler EC, two and a half fold longer than RES, and five-fold longer than FB. The shelf life of green pepper stored in Cooler AC was longer fivefold than Cooler EC and nine and a half fold longer than RES and FB. The shelf life of cucumber stored at Cooler AC was longer two fold than Cooler EC and 3.3-fold longer than RES and four fold longer than FB. The shelf life of tomato stored at Cooler AC was longer 1.25-fold than Cooler EC, 1.75 fold longer than RES and two and a half fold longer than FB. Generally stored fruits and vegetables in Cooler AC was maintained quality with minimal weight loss that allows a farmer to store their produce while maintaining shelf life. Cooler EC can be used to store produce for a shorter time with higher weight loss. Finally, FB had a shorter shelf life due to the non-conditioned space.
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Akers, Jeremy Dewayne. "Increased Water Consumption: A Self-Regulatory Strategy for Long-Term Weight Loss Maintenance?" Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26668.
Abstract:
One-third of the American population is obese (1), and of those successful at losing weight, most return to their baseline weight within three to five years (2). In an effort to increase the success of weight loss maintenance (WTLM), research has focused on strategies that promote self-regulation (3). Self-regulation strategies, such as daily self-monitoring of body weight (4), increased step count (5, 6), and increased fruit and vegetable intake (7) have proven to be effective in long-term WTLM interventions. To date, increased water consumption has not been researched as a WTLM strategy, yet it has been shown to decrease meal energy intake (8, 9) and increase weight loss among middle-aged and older adults (10). The purpose of our first investigation was to determine if self-monitoring of increased water consumption facilitates WTLM over 12 months among middle-aged to older adults, when combined with other self-regulation strategies. Our second investigation was a review of WTLM literature to determine the translation potential published interventions using the RE-AIM (Reach, Efficacy/effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework (11) to provide recommendations for future research. Our first main finding was that weekly tracking of these self-regulatory behaviors (self-weighing, step counts, fruit/vegetable intake) for 12 months promotes effective long-term WTLM among middle-aged and older adults. However, daily self-monitoring of increased water consumption (48 fl oz/day) did not appear to provide an additional benefit. Secondly, we have identified significant gaps in the WTLM literature that may hinder the translatability of existing effective interventions. Specifically, current WTLM research is limited in reporting important external validity factors (e.g. costs, adoption, participation rate). Available WTLM literature provided a more detailed overview of Reach, Efficacy, and Implementation, yet was little information on potential adoption, costs, or sustainability. Future work in this area should address these factors to increase the translation potential of WTLM interventions in clinical or community settings.Ph. D.
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Bianchi, Fernanda. "Modulation of gut microbiota from healthy-weight and obese individuals by pectin, by-products of tropical fruits and probiotic strains /." Araraquara, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181302.
Abstract:
Orientador: Katia SivieriOrientador no exterior: Lene Jespersen
Banca: Suzana Marta Isay Saad
Banca: Adriane Elisabete Antunes de Moraes
Banca: Carla Raquel Fontana Mendonça
Banca: Marcia Pinto Alves Mayer
Resumo: Diversos subprodutos de frutas tropicais, os quais são frequentemente descartados pelas indústrias alimentícias, apresentam elevado conteúdo de fibras e de compostos bioativos. Estes compostos, assim como determinadas cepas probióticas e algumas pectinas presentes nos subprodutos, têm o potencial de modular a microbiota intestinal humana, promovendo diversos benefícios à saúde, tais como a atenuação de parâmetros relacionados à obesidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da pectina do limão, de subprodutos secos de frutas tropicais (acerola e camu-camu) e de diferentes cepas probióticas (Bifidobacterium longum BB-46, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and L. paracasei L-431) na microbiota intestinal de indivíduos eutróficos e obesos utilizando o Simulador do Ecossistema Microbiano Humano (SEMH®). Seis artigos foram desenvolvidos a fim de se responder os objetivos propostos. O primeiro artigo trata-se de uma mini-revisão e, os cinco restantes, artigos originais. No primeiro artigo, sumarizou-se os principais achados sobre a composição da microbiota intestinal de obesos e, revisou-se as novas estratégias de modulação da microbiota intestinal em favor do tratamento da obesidade. Foi possível mostrar que a composição da microbiota intestinal é essencial para o entendimento de mecanismos envolvidos na etiologia da obesidade e que, várias estratégias, tais como, o consumo de prebióticos e probióticos, bem como a prática de atividade física moderada e regular, podem modu... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Several by-products of tropical fruits, which are often discarded by the food industry, have high fibre content and bioactive compounds. These compounds, as well as certain probiotic strains and some pectins present in the by-products, have the potential to modulate the human gut microbiota, promoting several health benefits, including the attenuation of obesity parameters. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of lemon pectin, dried by-products of tropical fruits (acerola and camu-camu), as well as of different probiotic strains (Bifidobacterium longum BB-46, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and L. paracasei L-431) on the gut microbiota from healthy-weight and obese individuals using the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). Six articles were developed in order to meet the proposed aims. The first article is a mini-review and the other five are original articles. In the first article, we summarized the principal findings on obesity-related microbiota composition and reviewed new strategies for gut microbiota modulation in favour of obesity treatment. We showed that the composition of the microbiota is essential for understanding the mechanisms involved in the aetiology of obesity and, that several strategies, such as consumption of probiotics and prebiotics, as well as moderate and regular physical activity, can modulate the gut microbiota in favour of obesity treatment. In the second article, the chemical composition, the total phenolic co... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Resumé: Flere biprodukter fra tropiske frugter, som ofte kasseres af fødevareindustrien, har højt fiberindhold og bioaktive forbindelser. Disse forbindelser, såvel som visse probiotiske stammer og nogle pektiner, der er til stede i biprodukterne, har potentialet til at modulere den humane tarmmikrobiota, der fremmer flere sundhedsmæssige fordele, herunder dæmpning af fedmeparametre. Formålet med dette arbejde var at evaluere virkningerne af citronpektin, tørrede biprodukter fra tropiske frugter (acerola og camu-camu), samt forskellige probiotiske stammer (Bifidobacterium longum BB-46, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 og L. paracasei L-431) på tarmmikrobioten fra raske og overvægtige individer, under anvendelsen af den humane intestinale mikrobielle økosystem simulator (SHIME®). Seks artikler blev udviklet for at opfylde de foreslåede mål. Den første artikel er en mini-anmeldelse, og de andre fem er originale artikler. I den første artikel opsummerede vi de vigtigste fund om fedme-relateret mikrobiota sammensætning og gennemgik nye strategier for tarmmikrobiota modulering til fordel for fedmebehandling. Vi viste, at mikrobiotas sammensætning er afgørende for forståelsen af mekanismerne i fedmens etiologi, og at flere strategier, såsom forbrug af probiotika og præbiotika, samt moderat og regelmæssig fysisk aktivitet kan modulere tarmmikrobiotaten til fordel for fedme behandling. I det anden artikel blev den kemiske sammensætning, de samlede phenolforbindelser og in vitro antioxidantkapac
Doutor
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Thompson, Jamie Ann. "Monitoring Overweight Adults Participating in an Interactive Web-Based Intervention Designed to Increase Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables for Weight Management." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ThompsonJA2007.pdf.
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Silveira, Jânio Silva. "Efeito do estádio de maturação na conservação pós-colheita de camu-camu (myrciaria dubia mc vaugh)." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 1998. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/3699.
Abstract:
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Previous issue date: 1998-05-07The camu-camu (Myrciaria dubious (HBK) Mc Vaugh) is a fruit native to the Amazon, with a high content of ascorbic acid was obtained in a quarrying in their natural habitat. In addition to depend on the pulse of floods and access to native populations, the harvest is still hampered by the lack of synchrony in fruit ripening. To evaluate the effect of maturation in post-harvest, the fruits were harvested at five maturity stages (based on skin color: red 25% (E1), 50% red (E2), 75% red (E3) , 100% red (E4), 100% red purple (E5)) and two times in the same season (1997) of plants grown in paddy soil. Were packed in trays and stored in two environments: 28 ° C and 87% relative humidity and 21 ° C and relative humidity of 80%. Reviews of weight loss, moisture, pH, titratable acidity, Brix / acidity, reducing sugars, ascorbic acid, anthocyanins and total flavonoids were made every two days for eight days. The main parameters that varied according to the stage of maturation and storage time were the concentration and behavior of anthocyanins and symptoms of fruit softening. Fruits in stadiums El and E2 staining showed incipient. Despite the high concentration of anthocyanins initial stage of the fruits E5 also showed high rates of degradation of pigments and softening, whereas the fruits of intermediate stages E3 and E4 had better capacity retention under conditions that have been studied.
O camu-camu (Myrciaria dúbia (H.B.K.) Mc Vaugh) é um fruto nativo da Amazônia, com alto teor de ácido ascórbico sendo obtido de forma extrativa em seu habitat natural. Além de depender do pulso das cheias e do acesso às populações nativas, a colheita ainda é dificultada pela falta de sincronia na maturação dos frutos. Para avaliar o efeito do estádio de maturação na conservação pós-colheita, os frutos foram colhidos em cinco estádios de maturação ( baseado na coloração da casca: 25% vermelha (E1); 50% vermelha (E2); 75% vermelha (E3); 100% vermelha (E4); 100% vermelha púrpura (E5) ) e em duas épocas na mesma safra (1997) de plantas cultivadas em solo de várzea. Foram acondicionados em bandejas e armazenados em dois ambientes: 28°C e umidade relativa de 87% e 21°C e umidade relativa de 80%. As avaliações de perda de peso, umidade, pH, acidez titulável, relação brix/acidez, açúcares redutores, ácido ascórbico, antocianinas totais e flavonóides totais foram feitas a cada dois dias durante oito dias. Os principais parâmetros que variaram em função do estádio de maturação e tempo de armazenamento, foram a concentração e o comportamento das antocianinas e os sintomas de amolecimento dos frutos. Frutos nos estádios El e E2 apresentaram coloração incipiente. Apesar da alta concentração inicial de antocianinas os frutos do estádio E5 apresentaram também altas taxas de degradação dos pigmentos e de amolecimento, enquanto que, os frutos dos estádios intermediários E3 e E4 apresentaram melhor capacidade de conservação nas condições em que foram estudadas.
23
TSAI, SHIANG-YIH, and 蔡祥益. "Fruit Classification by Weight Estimation Based on Machine Vision Techniques." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76835089161311116091.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
自動化及控制研究所
93
ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to quickly estimate fruit weight based on machine vision. The machine vision system includes light source, lighting, and image capturing, which transmits images to a personal computer via the IEEE 1394 interface. For the image we can distinguish objects from backgrounds using dominated colors for that fruit in the HSI model. The parameters, which involve the top area, side area, and volume size, are all estimated by machine vision techniques. Then a regression model between them and practical fruit weights is made. At last, the regression model is employed to predict fruit weight. This mechanism can be implemented in an automatic volume classification system to weigh fruits speedily. In the experiment for weighing wax apples, we obtain the correlation coefficient of 0.937, RPD of 3.63, and the average error rate of 4.5% using principal component regression that the side area and volume serve as independent variables. In addition, we obtain the correlation coefficient of 0.936, RPD of 3.63, and the average error rate of 4.6% using simple linear regression that only the volume acts as the independent variable. In the experiment for weighing pears, we use simple linear regression to obtain the correlation coefficient of 0.936, RPD of 5.31, and the average error rate of 1.9% where the top area serve as an independent variable. Both of these experiments have good performance for classifying fruits. By combining the machine vision techniques and regression analysis methods, our system estimating fruit weight only takes the execution time of 0.31 second. Such performance is better than conventional mechanical weighing machines. Keywords: regression analysis, weight estimation, fruit, and machine vision
24
Mercado, Carla Isabel Hanis Craig. "Fruit and vegetable dietary patterns and weight loss in Mexican-American women." 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1450341.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 2007.Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-05, page: 2643. Adviser: Craig L. Hanis. Includes bibliographical references.
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Hui-Ling and 黃惠玲. "Influeuces of Fruit And Beverage Of Fructose Intake To The Body Weight And Lipid Profile." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56107192808159638583.
Abstract:
碩士中山醫學大學
營養學研究所
98
Fructose is a natural six-carbon sugars present in fruits, vegetables and honey. However, with the food industry developed, natural fructose was replaced with fructose syrup, (Food industry preferred it) because of its high sweetness, with a small amount, high stability in acidic drinks, the less affection to the flavor and other features. Due to hot weather in southern Taiwan, refreshing drinks are very popular tune, drinks are usually added a different amount of fructose syrup. Many studies have shown that fructose intake and weight gain, are related closely with the epidemiological and metabolic syndrome. The purpose of influences fruit and the beverage of fructose intake to the body weight and lipid profile. Through newspaper ads and Internet bulletin, recruitment time: from September 2008 ~ June 2009, inappropriate conditions excluded a total of 67 subjects. Each subject signed consent forms, allow seeking the measurement position, blood and fill out three days a week diet records, need for a day to holidays. The results of the dietary record analysis showed that the average fruit intake was 1.5 ± 1.2 copies. The persons with higher fruits intake, the lipid is higher than other groups. Fructose intake in the range from 0 to 39 g; the average intake of fructose was 11.2 ± 11.1 grams, about 10% of total calories. The average age of fructose intake over 15 grams is younger), will increase the proportion of times BMI. This study suggests that the fruit intake, should be actively promoted for the prevention of excessive and insufficient intake of fruit, and into other important metabolic basis, and therefore encourages the public daily intake of two servings of fruits. In addition the usage of fructose can be provided, the importance of fructose intake can induce the obesity. Therefore, this study suggest that the intake of fructose should be reduced to prevent over intake of fructose to cause the weight gain and metabolic syndrome.
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Peñarubia, Omar Riego. "Wax-based edible coatings for strawberry fruit." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/16240.
Abstract:
Wax-based edible coatings for strawberry fruit were formulated and optimized. The weight loss
was the preliminary quality parameter for determining the appropriate composition of the waxbased
coating. Different combinations of wax to coconut oil ratio and amount of ethanol were
performed to create a coating solution that would result in reduction of the weight loss while giving
a desirable appearance. After conducting the preliminary study, it was concluded that the
combination of 4 wax: 1 coconut oil in 70 mL ethanol was the best combination in order to
significantly reduce the weight loss.
Beewax and candelilla wax were used as the wax-basis, with coconut oil in the ratio 4:1. Both
types of coating were applied onto strawberry fruits and these were evaluated for weight loss,
surface color, ascorbic acid content, decay incidence, yeasts and mold count. A sensory evaluation
was also performed. Strawberries were stored for 10 days at 10ºC. Both wax-based coatings
produced significant reduction in weight loss in comparison to the uncoated fruits. Furthermore, a
significant decrease of 20% and 15% in the reduction of ascorbic acid was noted on the 7th day of
storage, for beewax - coconut oil coating and candelilla wax - coconut oil coating, respectively.
The presence of mycelial growth often dictates the shelf-life of the strawberry fruit. In this study,
a significant reduction in the decay incidence was observed both in beewax-coconut oil and
candelilla wax-coconut oil coating. This was further supported by the lower yeast and mold count
obtained for the coatings used. The changes in color between coated and uncoated fruits were not
significantly different except for the L*value with higher values for coated fruits. In the sensory
evaluation of the uncoated and coated fruits, judges also distinguished the color between the
control and the treated fruits, after two days of storage at 4ºC. Significant differences were also
noticed between fruits coated with candelilla wax- coconut oil and the control, regarding other
sensory parameters. However, there were not significant differences between beewax-coconut oil
based coating and the uncoated fruits. Edible wax-based coating of beewax-coconut oil and
candelilla wax-coconut oil could help to extend the shelf life of strawberry since after 10 days of
storage the yeasts and molds count was 4.0 × 105 cfu/g and 5.3 × 105 cfu/g for beewax-based and
candelilla wax-based coated samples, respectively, lower than 9.4 × 107 cfu/g for the uncoated
ones. However, those counts are still high, indicating a shelf life of beewax-based and candelilla
wax-based coated strawberries shorter than 10 days.
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Courtmanche, Mia Jill. "Assesment of change in fruit and vegetable intakes and exercise behavior of college students following an online intervention /." 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/theses.asp?highlight=1&Cmd=abstract&ID=FSN2009-001.
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Johnson, Abby L. "The Relationship between Fruit and Vegetable Intake of Adolescents Before Sleeve Gastrectomy and Success with Weight Loss Six Months Post-Surgery." 2014. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/52.
Abstract:
Importance: Childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity have more than tripled over the past two decades. Bariatric surgery is becoming more common for adolescents. Currently, there are few studies that describe outcomes after bariatric surgery in adolescents and no studies that describe nutritional behaviors that predict sustained weight loss in this population post-surgery.
Objective: To describe pre-surgery dietary intake in adolescents who underwent a sleeve gastrectomy between 2011 and 2013 at an outpatient pediatric weight loss clinic. This study specifically aims to determine whether there is a correlation between fruit and vegetable intake before surgery and weight loss post-surgery in adolescents.
Design, Setting, and Participants: The participants in this study received the sleeve gastrectomy procedure. Patients were between the ages of 13-17 years old and had a BMI between 35 kg/m2 to 60 kg/m2. All patients had undergone extensive counseling and assessment by a team of medical professionals (pediatrician, psychologist, exercise physiologist, nurse, and dietitian) for at least six months before surgery. Weekly number of servings of fruits and vegetables, cups of sweetened beverages (separated as fruit juice or soda), servings of fried foods eaten, and meals eaten from or at restaurants as reported at the initial consultation were collected and analyzed.
Results: The mean age of participants (n=11) was 17.1 ± 1.51 years. Mean servings of vegetables consumed at baseline was 7.32 ± 4.38 servings per week and mean weekly consumption of fruits was 6.0 ± 4.16 servings per week. There were no statistically significant correlations between baseline fruit (p = 0.50) and vegetable (p = 0.44) consumption with weight (kg) lost six months after surgery.
Conclusion: While the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption with weight lost six months post-surgery failed to reach significance, there was a trend such that patients who consumed more servings of fruits and vegetables at baseline had lost more weight at 6 months. It is interesting to note that none of the patients in the study consumed the recommended daily servings of fruits or vegetables at baseline in accordance with the USDA guidelines. A longer study may reveal a more significant relationship between dietary patterns before surgery and changes in weight after surgery.
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Mukovhanama, Khangwelo Jessica. "Effect of partial root-zone drying, storage temperature and days to ripening on post-harvest quality of 'hass' avocado fruit." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3165.
Abstract:
Thesis (M. Sc. (Horticulture)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019The South African Avocado Industry is continuously expanding with ‘Hass’ cultivar occupying the largest land and therefore, the most exported cultivar. Expansion of the industry implies an increased demand for irrigation water. However, South Africa is a water scarce country characterised by low and erratic rainfall, where fruit production relies heavily on irrigation. The agricultural sector is under an obligation to reduce water use due to the increasing demand for water by other economic sectors. Therefore, it must find efficient water use techniques to save water and ensure water availability for other economic sectors. Partial root-zone drying (PRD) is an irrigation technique which may lead to 50% reduction in water use, half of the root system is kept wet while the other half is left dry to a predetermined level of soil water depletion, the dry and the moist sides are alternated at regular intervals. During storage and transportation of fresh produce, low temperature is a post-harvest tool used to maintain quality, especially when fruit are destined for long distant export markets. This study investigated the effect of PRD and low temperature storage on post-harvest quality parameters of ‘Hass’ avocado fruit. The experiment was laid as a factorial arranged in randomised complete block design (RCBD). The treatment factors for chilling injury, electrolyte leakage and vascular browning were 2 x irrigation regimes (Full Irrigation (FI) vs. PRD) and 2 x storage temperatures (2.0 and 5.5°C). However, treatment factors for fruit weight loss, respiration rate, fruit firmness, ripening percentage and fruit skin colour were 2 x irrigation regimes (Full Irrigation (FI) vs. PRD), 2 x storage temperatures (2.0 and 5.5°C) and 4 ripening days (0, 2, 4 and 6 days). Mature ‘Hass’ avocado fruit were harvested from PRD and fully irrigated trees and thereafter fruit of each treatment were stored at 2.0 and 5.5°C for 28 days. Each treatment consisted of 6 replicates, with an exception of electrolyte leakage, whereby the experiment was replicated 4 times. After 28 days’ storage at 2.0 and 5.5°C, fruit were ripened at 21°C. The effect of PRD and low temperature storage was determined by evaluating the following physico-chemical fruit parameters during ripening: external chilling injury, electrolyte leakage, fruit weight loss, respiration rate, firmness, fruit skin colour and vascular browning. During ripening, ‘Hass’ avocado fruit stored at 2.0°C showed significantly higher incidences of external chilling injury symptoms compared with xiii 5.5°C, irrespective of irrigation treatment. Furthermore, an interaction between irrigation treatment and low storage temperature had a significant (P<0.05) effect on cell membrane electrolyte leakage. All evaluated fruit showed similar weight loss, irrespective of irrigation and storage treatment. Irrigation, storage temperature and ripening days did not have effect on respiration during ripening. Fruit reached the respiratory climacteric peak on the same day (day 2). Furthermore, there was no significant interaction effect (P˃0.05) on fruit firmness. However, PRD treated fruit showed slightly low firmness when compared with control fruit. ‘Hass’ avocado fruit harvested from PRD and fully irrigated trees and stored at 5.5°C ripened quicker compared to fruit stored at 2.0°C. There was no significant interaction effect (P˃0.05) on fruit skin lightness (L), chroma (C), hue angle (h°) and fruit eye colour due to irrigation and cold storage treatment. In general, fruit showed skin colour change from emerald green to approximately 75% coloured. Furthermore, irrigation and storage temperature did not have effect on vascular browning, however, there incidence was high on fruit stored at 2.0°C when compared with 5.5°C. The results of this study indicated that ‘Hass’ avocado fruit stored at 2.0°C was negatively affected by low temperature storage and this cold storage temperature is not recommended. PRD reduced water use during irrigation, however, its effect on post-harvest quality of ‘Hass’ avocado fruit subjected to 5.5°C must be further investigated before recommended for export markets.
Agricultural Research Council-Tropical and Subtropical Crops (ARC-TSC) and Agricultural Sector Education Training Authority (AgriSeta)
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Chen, Nai-Yu, and 陳乃裕. "Composition and effects of essential oil and dried residues of immature citrus fruit on lipidemia and body weight in rats fed high-fat diets." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qyk8gh.
Abstract:
碩士弘光科技大學
食品科技所
104
Abstract Citrus is the most widely distributed, highest yield, and the maximum value of the fruit in Taiwan. It belongs to the Taiwan’s climate that can abound fruits yield. But when fruit drop to ground by typhoon, which affect the most serious damage to citrus, that affecting farmer’s livelihoods .In recent years ,many of the relevant literature that the ingredient active compounds in citrus including dietary fiber ,flavonoids ,can effectively regulate the blood lipids and body fat .Therefore ,in this study we choose July ,August ,September ,October’s Ponkan and August ,October’s Tankan to identified of active compounds and evaluation which can regulate blood lipids and inhibit fat active ingredient. In essential oil yield, July’s Ponkan with the level of 1.09 %, but the lowest oil yield was October’s Ponkan , that induced 65%. In citrus essential oil, we compare with the different matured citrus.The October Ponkan’s limonene content 71.17 % was the highest month. July Ponkan’s limonene content 62.82 % was the lowest month. And July Ponkan’s -Terpinene content 10.9 % was the highest month; October Ponkan’s -Terpinene content 10.4 % was the lowest month. It’s show that when maturity increased, citrus oil yield was reduced ,also the July Ponkan’s oil yield was the highest month. We analyzed of different maturity Ponkan and Tangan active compound .In total dietary fiber, October Ponkan (81.8 ± 2.07 g / 100 g) was higher than July Ponkan (77.25 ± 0.17 g / 100 g). In flavonoids, October Ponkan’s flavonoids content 772.3 ± 3.2 mg / 100 g was the highest than any other month’s citrus. When citrus grow up , its Limonoids content also increased. October Ponkan’s limonoids content 2318.3 mg / 100 g was the highest month, and compare with July Ponkan (387 mg /100 g) was higher 6 times. In p-synephrine, July Ponkan’s (24.09 mg /100 g) to October Ponkan (5.11 mg / 100 g) was reduced. It’s known that when citrus maturity grow up its p-synephrine content may reduced. Feeding immature Ponkan extracted affect to lipids and body fat for male Wistar rats .The result showed that HF (682 g )average weight were the highest group, and PKEOHH (572 g) average weight were the lowest group. It’s showed that Ponkan extracted can inhibit the body weight increase. In blood biochemistry analysis showed that PKEO can reduce TG , significantly. PKEOLH and PKEOHH compared with HF ,that reduced 9.6% and 15 %,respectively. It’s showed that Ponkan extracted can inhibit TG increased. In liver weight, HF liver(18.35 g) average weights were the highest group. In dipose tissue , July Ponkan extracted was significantly lower content of fat around the kidney.The results can be showed that male Wistar rats can inhibit blood lipids and body fat increase when feeding Ponkan extracted.
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Shibambu, Rhulani Beauty. "Effect of cold storage temperature and silicon dips on physico-chemical properties of a new mandarin selection "M37" fruit." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2230.
Abstract:
Thesis (MSc. Agriculture (Horticulture)) -- University of Limpopo, 2018Newly developed mandarin selection ―M37‖ has the potential to become a future export soft citrus cultivar. However, the selection is highly susceptible to chilling injury, which normally reduces post-storage quality and marketability of citrus fruit. Silicon (Si), applied at post-harvest as potassium silicate (K2SiO3), has potential to mitigate against chilling injury. So far, the effect of Si on ―M37‖ mandarin chilling susceptibility is unknown. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of cold storage temperature and postharvest potassium silicate dips on the chilling susceptibility and physico-chemical properties of new mandarin selection ―M37‖ fruit. The experiment was carried out in a factorial, arranged in a completely randomised design (CRD) with three replicates. Treatment factors were: 2 x cold storage temperature (-0.6±1 and 4.5 ±1°C) and 4 x potassium silicate concentration (0, 50, 100 and 150 mL L-1 K2SiO3). Fruit were dipped in different potassium silicate solutions (0, 50, 100 and 150 mL L-1) for 30 minutes, air dried, waxed; and thereafter, stored for 28 days at -0.6 and 4.5°C with 85-90% relative humidity. After withdrawal from cold storage, fruit were held at ambient temperature (±23°C) for 7 days (shelf-life); during shelf-life fruit were evaluated for chilling injury, physical properties (weight loss and firmness loss) and biochemical properties (electrolyte leakage, total soluble acids (TSS), titratable acids (TA) and TSS: TA ratio). The results showed that fruit were highly susceptible to chilling injury after storage at 0.6°C when compared with 4.5°C. However, treating fruit with postharvest potassium silicate dips improved their chilling susceptibility, especially with 50 and 100 mL L-1 K2SiO3 concentrations. Electrolyte leakage was lower for fruit treated with K2SiO3 compared to the control across all the storage temperatures. Although, ―M37‖ fruit stored at 4.5°C showed higher weight loss, firmness loss, TSS and TSS: TA ratio when compared with -0.6°C storage. Fruit firmness increased with the increase in potassium silicate concentrations during storage at -0.6 and 4.5°C; with the highest firmness loss occurring on fruit treated with 150 mL L-1 than control. Similarly, TSS increased concomitant with K2SiO3 concentration. Although, TA decreased with increasing K2SiO3 concentrations for fruit stored at 4.5°C; resulting in higher TSS: TA ratio. In conclusion, postharvest silicon dips effectively improved the storability of ―M37‖ mandarin fruit, preserved quality and extended the cold storage period. xi Keywords: Biochemical properties; Chilling injury; Firmness loss; Potassium silicate dips; Weight loss
Agricultural Research Council (ARC-LNR) and National Research Fund (NRF)