Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fruit genetics'
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Muda, Pauziah. "Cell wall degradation during mango fruit ripening." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316943.
Full textKölling, Nils. "Quantitative genetics of gene expression during fruit fly development." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/256090.
Full textMhelembe, Khethani Give. "Molecular characterisation of ARC pome fruit collections in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96716.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Apple (Malus pumila Mill.) and pear (Pyrus communis L.), commonly known as pome fruits, are important deciduous fruit crops in South Africa. The challenges of climate change, disease incidence, distant markets and fluctuating consumer preferences necessitate new cultivars. The Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij conducts a breeding programme aimed at developing new cultivars that are well adapted, resistant to pests and diseases and good storage potential. A recent review of the pome fruit gene banks, the breeders’ raw material, revealed misidentification and poor characterisation limitating the efficiency of its utilisation. To address these problems, the current study used microsatellite markers to investigate the trueness to type of accessions in the ARC gene banks. In addition, accessions of apple identified as true to type, were genotyped for the ACS1 gene involved with ethylene production and fruit ripening. Two sets of 12 microsatellite markers recommended by a European working group on Pyrus/Malus, one for apple and one for pear, were utilised to fingerprint 540 apple and 197 pear accessions. Eleven and eight of 12 markers, were used respectively to successfully discriminate across the apple and pear accessions, with the exception of clones and sports of particular cultivars. Where possible, fingerprints were compared with those of their reported parents. The use of recommended markers facilitated the comparison of ARC pear accessions with those of the collection in Brogdale (UK). Trueness to type of accessions were established and misidentified accessions were also detected. A similar comparison will be conducted for apple when the Brogdale apple accessions fingerprints become available. Several accessions were found to be false, 78 apple and 22 pear, and removal from the collection was recommended. For ACS1 genotyping of 292 apple accessions, customised fluorescently labelled ACS1-Pr were used rather than the published ACS1-5 primers. Of the 292 apple accessions, 29 were homozygous for the b allele associated with low ethylene and good storage potential. Novel size variation in one allele of the ACS1 gene, was detected in some Malus species and ornamental hybrids. Successful amplification in a multiplex reaction was achieved and proves to be a cost effective method for simultaneous molecular fingerprinting and ACS1 genotyping. True to type material will facilitate confident use of genetic resources in the breeding programmes, and the ACS1 genotypes will identify candidate parents for developing good storage performing cultivars for distant markets.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Summary not available
Ruklisa, Dace. "Large scale genomic association studies in fruit fly and human." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610178.
Full textSonneveld, Tineke. "The molecular genetics of self-incompatibility in sweet cherry (Prunus avium)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268519.
Full textMollel, Margaret Huruma Naftali. "Towards a novel fruit crop : Micropropagation and genetic transformation of the indigenous fruit tree marula, Sclerocarya birrea subsp.caffra." Thesis, University of Limpopo ( Turfloop campus), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1302.
Full textThe marula tree (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra), an indigenous, multipurpose, drought tolerant tree of Africa harbors great economic potential. Acceptance of marula-derived products internationally will directly increase the demand for marula resource. Rapid multiplication of marula trees of superior quality forms the basis of sustainable export growth. In vitro propagation and genetic improvement offer the opportunity for accelerated multiplication of selected tree material as well as to dramatically increase production, quality and efficiencies. The objectives of the study were therefore to develop a protocol for in vitro multiplication of marula and to determine the feasibility of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the marula tree. Nodal sections with axillary bud (s) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.8μM BA and 2.4μM KN and 0.1% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to obtain on average 2.5 microshoots per responding explant. The proliferated microshoots were elongated on MS medium supplemented with 1.2μM BA and 1.0μM KN. Elongated microshoots were rooted in MS medium at half salts strength supplemented with 10μM IBA and 0.3% activated charcoal (AC). On average 82% of the shoots rooted. Survival of acclimatized plantlets was 90%. RAPD analysis confirmed intraclonal genetic stability between parent plants and their clones within the limits of the technique.Nodal sections cocultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens for 3 days on MS multiplication medium supplemented with 100μM acetosyringone resulted on average in transient expression of 52.5% of the explants with 1.6 blue stained zones per explant. Cocultivated explants on MS selection medium containing 300mgl-1 kanamycin resulted in 1.5% chimeric putative transgenic shoots. This is the first report on the micropropagation and genetic transformation of marula, Sclerocarya birrea subsp caffra.
South Africa’s National Research Foundation Institutional Research Development Program (NRF-IRDP)
Cameron, Emilie C. "Fruit Fly Pests of Northwestern Australia." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1711.
Full textUntil recently, Northwestern Australia was thought to be relatively free of serious fruit fly pests. Although a noxious strain, present in Darwin since 1985, was widely believed to be an infestation of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, from the East coast, the fruit flies present outside this area were believed to be the benign endemic species, B. aquilonis. However, during the year 2000, infestations of fruit flies were discovered on major commercial crops in both Western Australia and the Northern Territory. It was not known whether these outbreaks were due to an invasion of the major pest species, Bactrocera tryoni, a change in the behaviour of B. aquilonis, or a hybridisation event between the two species. Finding the source of these outbreaks has been complicated by the fact that, since B. tryoni and B. aquilonis are virtually indistinguishable morphologically, it was not known which species are present in the region. Traditionally any tryoni complex fly caught in the Northwest was called B. aquilonis based solely on location. In order to get a good population profile of the region, an extensive trapping program was set up to include flies from urban areas, commercial crops and natural areas where the benign strain is thought to remain. Tests of genetic differentiation and clustering analyses revealed a high degree of homogeneity in the Northwest samples, suggesting that just one species is present in the region. The Northwest samples were genetically differentiated from the Queensland samples but only to a small degree (FST =0.0153). MtDNA sequencing results also showed a small degree of differentiation between these regions. A morphological study of wing shape indicated that there are some minor identifiable morphological differences between East coast and Northwest laboratory reared flies. This difference was greater than that seen between B. jarvisi populations across the same geographic range. The results suggest that the flies caught in the Northwest are a separate population of B. tryoni. Soon after pest flies were discovered in Darwin, a population became established in Alice Springs. This population had a low genetic diversity compared with Queensland and Darwin populations, and showed evidence of being heavily founded. In 2000, an outbreak was discovered in the nearby town of Ti Tree. Due to the geographic and genetic similarity of these populations, Alice Springs was determined to be the source of the Ti Tree outbreak. To investigate the founding of these populations, a program was developed to estimate the propagule size. Using a simulation method seven different statistics were tested for estimating the propagule size of an outbreak population. For outbreaks originating from populations with high genetic diversity, the number of alleles was a good estimator of propagule size. When, however, the genetic diversity of the source population was already reduced, allele frequency measures, particularly the likelihood of obtaining the outbreak population from the source population, gave more accurate estimates. Applying this information to the Alice Springs samples, it was estimated that just five flies were needed to found the major population in and around Alice Springs. For Ti Tree, the propagule size was estimated to be 27 flies (minimum 10). In 2000, a much larger outbreak occurred in the developing horticultural region of Kununurra in northern Western Australia. An important question for the management of the problem is whether there is an established fly population or the flies are reinvading each year. This population was found to have a large amount of gene flow from the Northern Territory. Within the Kununurra samples, one group of flies was genetically differentiated from all the other samples. This group came from a small geographic area on the periphery of Kununurra and appeared to be the result of an invasion into this area at the time when the population was building up following the dry season. A further threat to the Northwest horticultural regions comes from B. jarvisi. A recent increase in the host range of this species has lead to speculation that it may become a greater pest in Northwestern Australia. At the present time, protocols for the population monitoring and disinfestation of this species are not in place. Here it is shown that B. jarvisi eggs are more heat tolerant than B. tryoni eggs and that monitoring of B. jarvisi populations is possible using cue lure traps placed according to fruiting time and location of their favoured host, Planchonia careya.
Arias, Mella Maria Belen. "Global and local population genetics of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, an invasive pest of fruit crops." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/64776.
Full textHoogwerf, A. M. "The genetics of a small autosomal region of Drosophila melanogaster, including the structural gene for larval serum protein two." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370260.
Full textRibeiro, Serra Octávio Manuel. "Towards increasing genetic variability and improving fruit quality in peach using genomic and bioinformatic tools." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/460882.
Full textPeach is a major fruit species, cultivated worldwide, with an outstanding adaptation to contrasting climate conditions, which world production has doubled in the last two decades. Increasing peach consumption requires enhancing fruit quality, a challenging objective for a fruit that has a short postharvest life. An important shortcoming for peach breeding is its low level of variability, narrowing the possibilities for its improvement. Other elements that may further condition peach production and breeding are climate change, the globalization of peach market and the changing eating habits of the population. Facing these challenges requires implementation of new strategies allowing a better exploitation of the variability that still exists inside the species and the introduction of new variability using other cultivated or wild relatives. In this work we aim to contribute in the development of such novel approaches. First we studied the genetic basis of the slow melting flesh (SMF) trait, characterized by the longer postharvest life of fruits, with higher firmness values after harvest than regular melting flesh (MF) peaches. SMF is present in some North American peach and nectarine cultivars, one of which (‘Big Top’), has become a reference for nectarine production in Spain. We studied two F1 populations using ‘Big Top’ as female parent, built linkage maps using the 9k peach SNP chip, and measured SMF. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis allowed us to find two consistent QTLs for SMF co-localizing with maturity date QTLs in linkage group four (G4) and G5 that explained each >20% of phenotypic variability. The QTL on G5 was exclusive to ‘Big Top’, which can be the cause of its specific SMF behavior. In a second topic, we tested a new strategy, marker assisted introgression (MAI), to introduce new variability from exotic sources into cultivated perennial species in a short timeframe, using molecular markers to accelerate the process. As a side result we developed a set of introgression lines (ILs) of almond in the genetic background of peach, an optimal tool for genetic analysis of complex traits. In the final topic of this thesis we aimed to study the recombination process in wide crosses (almond × peach) in comparison with that of intraspecific crosses (peach), using resequence data of a cross between an almond × peach hybrid and its peach parent (‘Earlygold’). Understanding which factors control the occurrence of crossovers (COs) is critical to control the introgression process from an exotic donor to elite cultivated materials. We developed a bioinformatics pipeline to detect SNP and indel variants, in silico genotyped each individual, and determined the CO positions using the variants called. We found that the distribution of COs was heterogeneous in the genome, but similar in intra and interspecific meioses, and that a strong reduction of recombination occurred at the interspecific level, which we associated with DNA sequence divergence. We studied the CO regions, found some with high CO frequency (hotspots) and identified DNA motifs associated with these regions. Other recombination events such as noncrossovers (NCOs) were also detected for the hybrid meiosis about five times more frequently than COs. Finally, we associated low recombination in the hybrid with low pollen fertility, suggesting DNA sequence divergence as a possible cause for a gradual process of reproductive isolation in plants. Overall, our results supply new information on the inheritance of key commercial peach traits, tools for the fine analysis of complex characters, a breeding strategy for the enrichment of peach genome with valuable genes from other species, and data on how interspecific recombination proceeds. At the same time, we provide molecular tools to facilitate the translation of this knowledge into new and improved cultivars.
Walley, Peter Glen. "Dissecting the genetic regulation of texture traits in tomato fruit." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2007. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2291/.
Full textBakar, Umi Kalsom Abu. "Characterisation of a ripening-related cDNA clone form Lycopersicon esculentum." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260617.
Full textExley, Katherine Ann. "Structure, frequency and distribution of P elements in relation to P-M hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279706.
Full textCripps, Richard Matthew. "Genetical and biochemical studies of Drosophila indirect flight muscles." Thesis, University of York, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276490.
Full textMuñiz, Ortiz Jorge G. "Toxicogenetic Studies in Drosophila: Using Fruit Flies to Study Arsenic Toxicity." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1231776077.
Full textAnt, Thomas. "Genetic control of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:43f97545-f631-43cc-991c-7edb6dd71d2d.
Full textSmith, Christine Mary. "Genetic variation for fruit development of Pisum sativum L., with special reference to the effects of the rugosus locus." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2266.
Full textMarkey, Adrienne Selina, and n/a. "The evolution of fruit traits in Coprosma and the subtribe Coprosminae." University of Otago. Department of Botany, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20061206.160155.
Full textChadburn, R. G. "An investigation into the genetics and ecology of a closed semi-natural population of Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377122.
Full textPereira, García Lara. "Genetic dissection of fruit quality and ripening traits in melon." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663830.
Full textMelon (Cucumis melo L.) is an important crop worldwide, with a production of around 31 million tons during 2016. Although traditionally breeding programs have been focused on agronomic traits, fruit quality has become a main goal recently. Fruit quality is a complex concept, including diverse traits related to fruit appearance, nutritional and organoleptic traits. Many of these traits are associated to fruit ripening, which is the process that the fruit undergoes to become edible to promote seed dispersal. Fruits are classified according to their ripening behavior into climacteric, when the plant hormone ethylene is synthesized in an autocatalytic way at the onset of ripening, and non-climacteric, in which ethylene has not a major role. The main goal of this work was to study the genetic basis of fruit quality and fruit ripening in melon. We have developed a Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) population from a cross between two elite cultivars, “Védrantais”, highly climacteric, and “Piel de Sapo”, non-climacteric. The phenotypic diversity in fruit quality and ripening-associated traits, including ethylene production, has been thoroughly studied. A high-density genetic map was constructed using SNPs and INDELs obtained through a genotyping-by-sequencing experiment. A first QTL mapping experiment revealed five major genes and 33 QTLs governing fruit appearance (flesh and rind color, presence of sutures, mottled rind), fruit morphology, sugar content and seed weight. A second QTL mapping experiment identified 14 QTLs modifying ethylene production and ripening-associated traits, as chlorophyll degradation and abscission layer formation. Among them, we highlight a major QTL, ETHQV8.1, involved in ethylene production that was affecting almost all the studied traits, located in a 500-kb interval in chromosome VIII. In order to genetically dissect the fruit ripening process in melon, in addition to the mentioned RIL population, we studied a climacteric near-isogenic line, 8M35, with “Piel de Sapo” background and containing an introgression from the exotic accession PI 161375. 8M35 carries a QTL, ETHQB3.5, delimited in a region of 5 Mb in chromosome III. A positional cloning strategy was followed to fine map ETHQB3.5, generating a diverse set of subNILs. After multiple evaluations of different subNILs, we determined that at least two different genetic factors should be involved in triggering climacteric ripening in 8M35. One of them, named ETHQB3.5.1, which is responsible for the major part of the variation, was delimited to a 500-kb region containing 63 annotated genes. Finally, two reciprocal introgression line (IL) collections were developed, using both “Védrantais” and “Piel de Sapo” as recurrent and donor parental lines, respectively. Recurrent backcrosses were performed in both directions and marker-assisted selection was performed in each generation to select both the target introgressions and the desired background. The current IL collections, covering approximately 95% of the donor parental genome, are formed by 38 ILs. We performed a preliminary phenotyping that allowed to validate some of the QTLs mapped in the RIL population for both fruit quality and fruit ripening traits. In addition, two segregating families of ILs with “Piel de Sapo” background were used to fine map ETHQV8.1, allowing to narrow down the region to a 150-kb interval containing 14 candidate genes. As a summary, this PhD thesis has contributed to improving our knowledge about the genetics of fruit quality and particularly fruit ripening in melon, proposing some important QTLs that will be further explored in the future. Our work suggests that climacteric behavior in melon is a complex and quantitative trait controlled by polygenic inheritance, rather than a qualitative class as described traditionally in the literature.
Butts, John Charles. "Tracking the Sequences of Regulatory Linkages and Their Evolution Within a Fruit Fly Gene Regulatory Network." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1352918524.
Full textBobiwash, Kyle. "Pollination ecology of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) - The role of introduced pollinator communities, self-fertilization and somatic mutations on fruit set response." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114589.
Full textCe thèse explore la variance du rendement de fruit et les causes des différences dans le rendement vue dans l'espèce de bleuet Vaccinium angustifolium. J'ai trouvé qu'il existe une variabilité dans le rendement de fruit entre les champs et entre les individus du champs. Une expérience visant l'introduction des trois espèces pollinisateur utilisé le plus fréquement (Apis mellifera, Bombus spp., Megachile rotundata) au Nouveau-Brunswick a aussi eu lieu. Lors de l'augmentation de la diversité ou l'abondance il n'y avait aucun gain conséquent dans le rendement de fruit. Il y a un faible temoignage qui suggère que le rendement de fruit est plus élevé dans les champs qui inclut la combinaison pollinisateur de Bombus et Megachile comparé au champs seulement avec Apis introduit. Les mesures de comportement des pollinisateur introduit ont aussi varié entre les champs dépendant des espèces présent dans les champs, mais ces changements en comportement n'ont pas été lié au différences dans le rendement de fruit. Comme partie de cette recherche, des auto- pollinisations et des pollinisations croisée ont eu lieu dans plusieurs clones, avec une variabilité dans la dépression de consanguinité vue entre individus. Pour evaluer si des différences dans l'accumulation des mutations somatiques entre individus sont responsable pour la variabilité dans la dépression de consanguinité, une expérience qui a but de modifié accès de auto pollen a suivie. Pour mésurer la différence en charge génétique, la taille des clones a été utilisé pour représenter la division cellulaire somatique. Ni la taille des clones ou l'accès à l'auto pollen fut capable d'expliquer la variation de rendement de fruit entre les clones. Ces mêmes champs on aussi produit un taux de rendement de fruit plus élevé dans les fleurs fécondé avec le pollen geitonogamous comparé au fleurs fécondé avec le pollen autogame. Ces différences suggèrent la présence des mutations somatiques, la sélection lignée cellulaire, la recombinaison mitotique, ou des changement épigénétique dans les clones de bleuets, et ces résulats reflète d'autres études des espèces de plantes vivaces qui indique que la dépression autogame est une force significative dans la fertilié des plantes. Nos résultats suggèrent que l'auto pollinisation joue un rôle important dans la limitation du rendement de fruit et dois être considéré lorsqu'on essai d'augmenter le rendement de fruit chez le bleuet V. angustifolium.
Cabrera, Antonio. "Genetic Analysis and Fruit weight QTL fine mapping in Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.)." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313531104.
Full textWidmayer, Heather. "Biogeographical patterns associated with genome-wide genetic differentiation in a widespread species of South American Blepharoneura fruit flies (Tephritidae)." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6337.
Full textMorgan, Megan Jayne. "Identification of molecular-genetic determinants of quality traits of tomato fruit." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:662d8b1e-70cf-44fb-9ed3-46dcacc39bad.
Full textFan, Rong, and 樊榮. "The roles of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase isogenes in the flower and fruit development in tomatoes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40203906.
Full textZhang, Na. "Fine Mapping and Characterization of fw3.2, One of the Major QTL Controlling Fruit Size in Tomato." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1332519563.
Full textMusseau, Constance. "Towards the identification and characterization of new regulators of fruit tissue morphology." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0355.
Full textFruit size and morphology are key characters defining the final fruit quality. Among the large fruit diversity observed in the nature, human domestication and selection has induced changes in fruit size and tissue morphology. Only a few genetic regulators have been identified so far, thus cellular and molecular mechanisms by which fruit tissue morphology is defined remain incomplete. In this context, the aim of my thesis is to identify and characterize new regulators of fruit tissue morphology. For this purpose, I used a collection of tomato EMS mutants as a source of genetic and phenotypic diversity. I selected two mutants presenting opposite trends of pericarp thickness. Through a mapping-by-sequencing strategy, I identified a genetic region on chromosome 10, associated with an extreme thick pericarp phenotype. I also investigated the role of the Guanylate Binding Protein (GBP) at the origin of a thin pericarp phenotype. The GBP is a large GTP binding protein that was never characterized in plants so far. In order to go deeper into its functional characterization in plants, I studied in parallel the role of the protein in tomato and Arabidopsis "thaliana" models. I showed that both homolog proteins are localized at the nucleus. Mutation of GBP in tomato induced strong alterations in cell division and cell expansion inside the pericarp and altered lateral root growth in tomato and Arabidopsis, a classical feature for mutants impaired in mitosis. This study suggests a role for the GBP in the fine control of cell division in the tomato pericarp
Karsten, Minette. "Population genetics of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata in the Western Cape Province, South Africa : invasion potential and dispersal ability." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18119.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata, is a highly invasive species throughout the world and considered as one of the most successful agricultural and economical pests. The increase of global trade in fruit and human travel combined with the biology of the medfly has allowed the species to spread from its proposed Afrotropical origin, to a number of locations throughout the world. In the Western Cape various control strategies have been implemented to control medfly populations, including insecticides and more environmentally-friendly techniques such as the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). In order to be effective, however, an SIT program requires some knowledge of the population structure and the movement of individuals between pest-occupied sites. The identification of sites from which re-invasion is most likely to occur and knowledge regarding the primary routes through which pests are likely to re-establish are critical to ensure successful SIT programmes. To provide this important information to SIT and area-wide pest control programs in South Africa, sampling at two different spatial scales (regional- and fine-scale) in South Africa was undertaken. Regional scale sampling was done at 13 locations in the Western Cape and fine scale sampling was done at 13 locations within the Ceres-valley. All individuals were genotyped at 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers and selected individuals from the regional scale were sequenced for the mitochondrial gene COI. Our results show that populations at regional- and fine-scale in the Western Cape are characterized by high levels of genetic diversity (HEregional = 0.805; HEfine = 0.803). Little or weak population differentiation was detected at the regional- and fine-scales, suggesting overall high levels of gene flow among sampling locations. These findings were supported by coalescent based methods indicating sufficient levels of gene flow to prevent population differentiation between neighbouring (200m) and distant (350km) populations. However, natural dispersal in C. capitata has been shown to rarely exceed 10 km. As such, high levels of gene flow between distant populations are more likely the result of humanmediated dispersal, linked to the movement of fresh produce within South Africa. This high level of gene flow has important implications for pest management practices, as my results suggests that area-wide pest management should be undertaken at a regional scale, rather than on a farm or valley scale. My results are placed within a management framework, and I argue for more stringent control when fruit are transported within South Africa. Of particular interest for future studies is the investigation of gene flow at broader spatial scales (i.e. the whole of South Africa) and a comparison of the genetic diversity, population differentiation and gene flow patterns of C. capitata with that of Ceratitis rosa will be important to establish a successful pest management strategy in South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Mediterreense vrugtevlieg (medvlieg), Ceratitis capitata, is ‘n indringerspesie wêreldwyd en word beskou as een van die mees suksesvolle ekonomiese en landbou peste. Die medvlieg het ‘n Afrotropiese oorsprong, maar die toename in wêreldwye handel en reis, gekombineer met die biologie van die medvlieg het gelei tot die verspreiding van die spesie na ‘n groot aantal bestemmings regoor die wêreld. Die Wes-Kaap provinsie van Suid-Afrika implementeer tans verskeie strategieë om medvlieg bevolkings te beheer. Hierdie strategieë sluit in die gebruik van plaagdoders sowel as meer omgewingsvriendelike tegnieke soos die Steriele Insektegniek (SIT). Om ‘n effektiewe SIT program te implementeer vereis basiese kennis ten opsigte van die genetiese struktuur van die bevolking sowel as van die beweging van individue tussen verskillende pesvoorkomsgebiede. Die identifisering van areas van waar herkolonisering mees waarskynlik kan plaasvind en kennis in verband met die primêre roetes waardeur pes spesies hervestig, is van kritiese belang om ‘n suksesvolle SIT program te verseker. Medvlieg individue is op twee verskillende ruimtelike skale (streeks- en plaaslike-skaal) versamel om die nodige inligting aan SIT en area-wye pes beheer programme in Suid-Afrika te verskaf. Streeks-skaal individue is by 13 lokaliteite regoor die Wes-Kaap versamel en plaaslike-skaal individue by 13 lokaliteite in die Ceres-vallei. Alle versamelde individue is vir 11 polimorfiese mikrosatelliet merkers gegenotipeer en DNS volgordebepaling van geselekteerde individue vanuit die streek-skaal is gedoen vir die mitochondriale geen COI. My resultate toon dat bevolkings op beide skale gekarakteriseer word deur hoë vlakke van genetiese diversiteit (HEstreeks = 0.805; HEplaaslik = 0.803) en geen of swak bevolkings differensiasie. Hierdie resultate dui daarop dat daar hoë vlakke van geenvloei tussen bevolkings is. Hierdie bevindinge word verder ondersteun deur metodes gebaseer op die statistiese eienskappe van die genealogiese verhouding tussen allele onder sekere mutasie en demografiese modelle, wat voldoende vlakke van geenvloei aandui tussen nabye (200m) sowel as verafgeleë (350km) bevolkings om bevolkings differensiasie te verhoed. Natuurlike beweging in C. capitata is egter selde meer as 10 km, sodanig kan die hoë vlakke van geenvloei toegeskryf word aan die verspreiding van individue met menslike hulp, spesifiek in die vervoer van varsprodukte in Suid-Afrika. Hierdie hoë vlak van geenvloei het verreikende implikasies vir pes beheer praktyke, omdat my resultate voorstel dat area-wye pes beheer onderneem moet word op ‘n streeks-skaal eerder as op ‘n plaas-tot-plaas of vallei wye area. Ek plaas my resultate in ‘n bestuursraamwerk, waarin ek streng beheer van vrugtevervoer in Suid-Afrika beklemtoon. Verdere navorsing moet fokus op die ondersoek van geenvloei op ‘n landswye skaal (hele Suid-Afrika) in C. capitata, sowel as die vergelyking van die genetiese diversiteit, bevolkings differensiasie en geenvloei patrone van C. capitata met die van Ceratitis rosa om ‘n suksesvolle pes beheer strategie vir Suid-Afrika te formuleer.
Hackney, Erin Elizabeth. "The effects of small population size, breeding system, and gene flow on fruit and seed production in American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L., Araliaceae)." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1170.
Full textTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 84 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
Zucchi, Maria Imaculada. "Análise da estrutura genética de Eugenia dysenterica DC utilizando marcadores RAPD e SSR." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-17032003-144316/.
Full textMolecular markers have frequently been used in studies on diversity and population genetic structure. The introduction of the these markers revolutionized the genetics of populations in the decade of 50 with the isoenzimes technique and recently enormous progresses have been achieved with the application of technologies based on DNA. Molecular markers based on DNA allowed a wide coverage of the genome and therefore became a powerful tool for these studies. Codominant markers, being more informative than the dominant ones are now being widely used. The main objective of this work was to use dominant (RAPD) markers overcomming the problem of dominance through progeny testing. Offspring were genotyped in order to infer the maternal genotype. Using the AMOVA procedure the variation value found among populations of seedlings was equal to ST f =0.328. The corresponding F statistic, based on allelic frequencies of seed parents, was ST F =0.318. The second objective of this work was to obtain different estimates of population parameters with the purpose of comparing the different types of molecular markers. In addition to Wrights F statistics, estimates related to the reproductive system (t ), expected ( e H ) and observed heterozigozities ( o H ) and dendrograms obtained with markers SSR, RAPD and isoenzimes were compared. The outcrossing rate ( t ) obtained agreed reasonably well, and the smallest value was found with isozymes using progenies ( m t =0.835), and the largest one, obtained with SSR markers ( a t =1.07) using adult individuals. The results led to a conclusion that the species is allogamic or with tendency to allogamy. Estimates related with the genetic structure and gene flow, however, were not entirely congruent. The smallest divergence estimate was obtained with isozymes ( p q =0.154, Nm=1.370) and the largest one with RAPD ( ST f =0.328, Nm=0.512). It is important to point out, that these estimates are not directly comparable, due to the difference in the underlying model and the basic material used (progenies or adults). About the structuring of the variability visualized through groupings, dendrograms presented a congruent pattern and the largest sensibility (larger range of distances) was obtained with SSR data. In addition, correlations were calculated among the matrices of genetic and geographical distances and among the matrices of genetic distances obtained from the different markers. High correlations were verified among these matrices, indicating that all markers sampled well the genome under study. This study allowed to compare data of two generations and a different methodology for data analysis with dominant markers, without imposing restrictions on the model ( f =1 or f =0). It could be concluded that a reasonable consistency was verified among the population parameters obtained with different types of markers, although some discrepancies existed as in the case of estimates of gene flow with isozymes markers. In spite of their different origins, the markers used here were equally informative for this population study, including the dominant one, when data of two generations were used.
Sarchet, Penny. "The developmental and genetic basis of explosive pod-shatter in Cardamine hirsuta." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:08cff1dc-3d9a-4697-9f60-cf1601d9ed60.
Full textChan, Robin. "Genetic Analysis of Ethanol Sensitivity and Tolerance in Drosophila." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3154.
Full textPeel, Alison Jane. "The epidemiology of Lagos bat virus and henipaviruses in straw-coloured fruit bats (Eidolon helvum), using population genetics to infer population connectivity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/244571.
Full textCerqueira, Silva Carlos Bernard Moreno 1983. "Diversidade genética molecular e reação a doenças de acessos silvestres e comerciais de maracujazeiro (Passiflora spp.) presentes em bancos de germoplasma = Molecular genetic diversity and disease reaction of commercial and wild access of passion fruit (Passiflora spp.) present in germplasm banks." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316508.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O gênero Passiflora, cujas espécies são popularmente conhecidas como maracujazeiros, destaca-se na família Passifloraceae tanto pelo número de espécies (aproximadamente 520) quanto pela importância econômica associada à parte destas espécies. Os maracujazeiros ocorrem em diferentes países, sendo sua diversidade amplamente representada nas Américas, onde a Colômbia e o Brasil se destacam com aproximadamente 170 e 150 espécies de Passiflora, respectivamente. Economicamente os maracujazeiros despertam interesse pela beleza de suas flores, presença de princípios ativos medicinais, extração de óleos essenciais para indústria de cosméticos, produção de frutos para consumo in natura ou produção de derivados. O Brasil se destaca como maior produtor de maracujá, embora a produtividade nacional seja baixa (média de 14 T/ha-1 ano-1), quando comparada ao potencial da passicultura (± 50 T/ha -1 ano-1). Em parte essa baixa produtividade é ocasionada pela ausência de cultivares adaptadas às diferentes regiões produtoras e pela suscetibilidade das cultivares às principais enfermidades que acometem a cultura. Embora crescente, os programas de melhoramento genético do maracujazeiro apresentam resultados modestos frente às demandas existentes. Entre os obstáculos enfrentados pelos melhoristas, está a reduzida representatividade do gênero Passiflora em bancos de germoplasma, bem como a escassez de informações biológicas e agronômicas para maioria dos acessos. Assim, foi objetivo desta tese gerar informações genéticas e moleculares que contribuam para o melhoramento do maracujazeiro. Inicialmente foram construídas revisões críticas relacionadas aos avanços obtidos no melhoramento e na conservação das Passiflora com o uso de marcadores moleculares, bem como a cerca da principal doença que acomete a passicultura (virose do endurecimento dos frutos). Posteriormente foram obtidos, a partir de bibliotecas genômicas enriquecidas de microssatélites, 25, 17 e 52 novos pares de primers para P. cincinnata, P. edulis e P. setacea respectivamente, sendo observado um percentual de locos polimórficos inferior a 30% e um número médio de cinco alelos por loco. Testes de amplificação cruzada foram realizados para 14 espécies de maracujazeiros, sendo observada uma média de 70% de amplificação cruzada. De posse destes marcadores, foi estimada a distância e quantificada a estrutura genética entre 116 acessos (representados por 364 plantas distribuídas em três espécies). A partir dos dados de genotipagem e das análises estatísticas (descritivas, frequentistas e Bayesianas) foi observado baixa diversidade entre os acessos, e níveis moderado a alto de estruturação (com 0,08 ? Gst ? 0,38) e percentuais de alelos privados variando entre 20 e 40% entre os grupos sugeridos pelas estimativas Bayesianas (K=2 para P. cincinnata; K=3 ou 5, para P. edulis, e; K=2 ou 3 para P. setacea). Coleções nucleares representativas para até 100% da diversidade alélica amostrada foram sugeridas. Com base na caracterização de locos microssatélites e na avaliação de sintomas associadas à virose do endurecimento, verrugose e antracnose, observados em 36 acessos de P. edulis (amarelo e roxo), foi possível identificar grupos de acessos a serem priorizados em programas de (pré) melhoramento dedicados ao incremento de resistência em variedades cultivadas. Os resultados obtidos contribuem para o desenvolvimento dos programas de pré-melhoramento e melhoramento genético do maracujazeiro, além de auxiliarem no manejo e na conservação da variabilidade genética do gênero
Abstract: The genus Passiflora, whose species are popularly known as passion fruits, stands out in the family Passifloraceae both by the number of species (about 520) as well as the associated economic importance of some of these species. Passion fruits occur in different countries, with their diversity widely represented in the Americas, where Colombia and Brazil stand out with approximately 170 and 150 species of Passiflora, respectively. Economic interest in passion fruit emerged from the beauty of their flowers, presence of active medicinal principles, extraction of essential oils for cosmetics industry, fruits production for fresh consumption or derivatives production. Brazil is considered the largest producer of passion fruit, although national productivity is low (average 14 T/ha-1 year-1) when compared to passion fruit culture potential (± 50 T/ha -1 year-1). This low productivity is caused in part by the lack of adapted cultivars to the different production regions and due cultivars susceptibility to passion fruit major diseases. Despite an increasing rate, passion fruit breeding programs shows modest results versus existing demands. Among the obstacles faced by breeders, stand out the genus Passiflora reduced representation in germplasm banks, as well as the scarcity of biological and agronomic information for most accessions. Thus, the aim of this thesis was to generate information genetics and molecular that contributes to the passion fruit genetic breeding. Initially, critical reviews related to advances in Passiflora breeding and conservation using molecular markers, as along with information about the main disease affecting the passiculture (passion fruit woodiness disease) were presented. Novel primer pairs for P. cincinnata, P. edulis and P. setacea, in number of 25, 17 and 52 respectively, were subsequently obtained from microsatellite enriched genomic libraries, being observed a less than 30% polymorphic loci and an average number of five alleles per locus. Cross-amplification tests were performed for 14 species of passion fruit and an average of 70% cross-amplification was observed. Using these markers, genetic distance and structure were estimated among 116 accessions (represented by 364 plants distributed among three species). From genotyping and statistical analyzes data (descriptive, frequentist and Bayesian), low genetic diversity among accessions was observed. Also, Bayesian estimated suggested groups (K=2 for P. cincinnata, K=3 or 5 for P. edulis, and, K=2 or 3 for P. setacea) showed moderate to high levels of structuring (0.08 ? Gst ? 0.38) along with private alleles percentage ranging from 20 to 40%. Representative core collections ensuring up to 100% of the sampled allelic diversity were suggested. Based on microsatellite loci characterization and symptoms evaluation of associated woodiness virus, scab and anthracnose, observed in 36 accessions of P. edulis (yellow and purple), it was possible to identify groups of accessions to be prioritized in (pre) breeding programs dedicated to resistance improving in cultivars. These results contribute to the passion fruit pre-breeding and breeding programs development, and assist the genus genetic variability management and conservation
Doutorado
Genetica Vegetal e Melhoramento
Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular
Willman, Matthew. "Genetic Analysis of Black Raspberry Breeding Germplasm." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1563451332753356.
Full textTimm, Alicia Eva. "Morphological and molecular studies of tortricid moths of economic importance to the South African fruit industry." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1347.
Full textOliveira, Eder Jorge de. "Desenvolvimento e uso de marcadores microssatélites para construção e integração de mapas genéticos de maracujá-amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-10012007-153537/.
Full textThe yellow passion fruit is an out-breeding, self-incompatible species, but those features impose severe constraints on the generation of inbred lines, consequently impairing the building and integration of linkage maps using conventional methodologies. Similar to the reports from other plant species, F1 populations (with distinct segregation modes) were used to build passion fruit genetic maps. Individual maps, one for each parent involved in the cross were generated solely employing genetic markers with 1:1 segregation. However, the integration of those maps is feasible using bi-parental markers, i.e. when both parents are heterozygous for the same alleles that show 3:1 segregation in F1. However, the use of co-dominant multi-allele markers, such as the microsatellites is even more important, since it allows recombination frequency and linkage phase estimates to be obtained less effected by bias. The goal of this research was the development of microsatellite markers using enriched genomic libraries for constructing and integrating genetic maps of yellow passion fruit. We have used 160 plants from a cross between the accessions IAPAR-123 x IAPAR-06, AFLP markers showing 1:1 and 3:1 segregations and microsatellite markers developed in the present work. The maps were built employing an algorithm that simultaneously estimates the linkage phase and the recombination frequency. The enriched library allowed us to obtain 107 microsatellite-containing clones, at an enrichment efficiency of 11%. All microsatellite-containing sequences were analyzed and 26 loci were shown to be polymorphic: 16 of them with a 1:1 segregation; 1 with a 3:1 segregation, 2 showing a 1:2:1 proportion and 7 with a 1:1:1:1 segregation pattern. In relation to the AFLP data, 253 mono-parental loci were shown to be polymorphic with a 1:1 segregation proportion (in 114 loci the dominant allele was present in the parent 06, and in 139 loci, the dominant allele was found in the parent 123). The remaining 116 loci were shown to be bi-parental, segregating in a 3:1 proportion. Eleven linkage groups (LG) were obtained, 8 of them being integrated and one LG with only two markers. Moreover, one LG for each parent was obtained, but due to the absence of bi-parental markers they were not integrated. It was possible to locate on the framework of the genetic maps, along with the microsatellites those AFLP markers showing a 3:1-segregation type, which contributed to a greater level of map saturation and to the integration of eight of the nine linkage groups of yellow passion fruit (2n=18). On average, we have obtained 25 markers per LG, providing a map distance of 1,765.6 cM. This is the first report in Passiflora on the use of microsatellite markers and the algorithm proposed by Wu et al. (2002) to integrate maps previously constructed using the double pseudo-testcross strategy. The integrated map will be useful for locating QTL (Quantitative Trai Loci) related to disease resistance and agriculturally interesting traits, as well as to provide tools for genetic and evolutionary studies.
Jones, Gillian E. "Development of Tools to Assess the Effects of Lunasin on Normal Development and Tumor Progression in Drosophila Melanogaster." TopSCHOLAR®, 2013. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1293.
Full textPorto, Alexandre Hack. "Intensidade luminosa no crescimento, produção e qualidade do fruto de jabuticabeira híbrida em condição de pomar." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2018. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/3227.
Full textO Brasil está entre os maiores produtores mundiais de frutas, além de ser conhecido como um dos principais centros de diversidade genética de fruteiras silvestres. Na região Sul do país, a fruticultura de plantas nativas tem papel importante apesar de pouco explorada comercialmente, apresentando potencial, onde se destacam aquelas da família Myrtaceae, como a jabuticabeira. Porém, o uso da espécie para produção em pomar comercial é escasso, devido falta do conhecimento técnico para manejo, principalmente quando relacionado a intensidade de luz favorável para o crescimento e desenvolvimento da planta, lembrando que a mesma tem sua origem em mata. Dessa forma, prevalece o extrativismo e pequenos cultivos de plantas isoladas em fundos de quintal. Existem cerca de nove espécies de jabuticabeira, entre as mais conhecidas têm-se a Plinia peruviana (jabuticaba de cabinho), Plinia cauliflora (jabuticaba paulista ou jabuticaba Açu) e Plinia jaboticaba (Vell) (jabuticaba sabará). Contudo, têm-se uma no mercado denominada como híbrida que traz vantagens em relação as demais, como precocidade, número de colheitas por ano e baixo vigor, o que talvez seja indicativo para uso para obtenção de informações visando seu cultivo comercial. Com o trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento do crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas, bem como, a qualidade dos frutos de jabuticabeira híbrida cultivada em diferentes condições de intensidade luminosa. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Pomar de Fruteiras Nativas, da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná – Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, implantado em 2013. O delineamento experimental foi blocos a acaso, com cinco tratamentos, quatro repetições, com duas plantas por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelo cultivo em Pleno sol, representando uma condição de pomar (PS); cobertura lateral e superior com tela de sombreamento, simulando condição de dossel mais aberto, com (35% de sombreamento) (S35); cobertura lateral e superior com tela de sombreamento, representando estádio em que o dossel da mata esteja se fechando, incidindo apenas irradiação solar indireta (50% de sombreamento) (S50); cobertura lateral com tela de sombreamento e superior sem cobertura, representando condição de clareira (70% sombreamento) (S70); cobertura lateral e superior com tela de sombreamento, simulando condição de dossel fechado com (80% de sombreamento) (S80). Foram avaliadas mensalmente e sazonalmente variáveis de crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas. As variáveis físicas e bioquímicas dos frutos, casca, polpa e folhas e a atividade microbiana. O crescimento de jabuticabeiras híbridas em condição de pomar foi favorecido com o uso de malhas de sombreamento, exceto quando se aplicou a malha de 80% de sombreamento. As características físicas e químicas dos frutos e a atividade microbiana do solo não tiveram diferenças estatísticas entre os tratamentos testados.
Brazil is among the largest producers of fruits, besides being known as one of the main centers of genetic diversity of wild fruit. In the South of the country, the fruit of native plants plays an important role despite little commercially exploited, with potential, where we highlight those of the Myrtaceae family, as jabuticabeira. However, the use of the species for production in orchard is scarce, due to the lack of technical knowledge to orchard management, especially when related to intensity of light favorable to the growth and development of the plant, remembering that it has its origin in the woods. Thus, the prevailing extraction and small plant crops in isolated backyards. There are about nine species of jabuticabeira, among the best known have to Plinia peruviana (jabuticaba cabinho), Plinia cauliflora (jabuticaba Paulista ou jabuticaba Açu) and Plinia jabuticaba (Vell) (jabuticaba sabará). However, there have been a marketing named as hybrid that brings advantages over the others, as precocity, number of harvests per year and low vigor, which may be indicative for use to obtain information aimed at its commercial cultivation. The study aims to evaluate the growth behavior and development of plants, as well as the quality of the fruits of hybrid jabuticabeira grown under different conditions of light intensity. The work will be developed in Orchard Fruit trees native of the Federal Technological University of Paraná - Campus Dois Vizinhos, established in 2013. The experimental design will block the chance, with five treatments, four replications, with two plants each. The treatments were constituted by cultivation in Pleno sol, representing an orchard condition (PS); lateral and upper cover with shade screen, simulating a more open canopy condition, with (35% shading) (S35); lateral and upper cover with shade screen, representing a stage in which the forest canopy is closing, with only indirect solar irradiation (50% shading) (S50); lateral cover with shade and top without cover, representing clearing condition (70% shading) (S70); lateral and upper cover with shade screen, simulating closed canopy condition with (80% shading) (S80). The physical and biochemical variables of fruits, bark, pulp and leaves and the microbial activity. The growth of hybrid jabuticaba trees in orchard condition was favored by the use of shading meshes, except when the 80% shading mesh was applied. The physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits and the microbial activity of the soil did not have statistical difference between the tested treatments.
Lopes, Gleidyane Novais. "Análise morfométrica e molecular de morfotipos do complexo fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae, Anastrepha) de duas populações do Paraguai." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-10022011-090318/.
Full textThe high diversity observed in Anastrepha fraterculus throughout its distribution range characterizes the existence of the fraterculus complex. The correct identification of closely related species of Anastrepha currently requires the use of a number of techniques. Thus, the present work is proposed to verify how similar morphotypes of two populations of the A. fraterculus complex are, by using morphological (conventional and geometric morphometry) and molecular (nuclear and mitochondrial markers) data. Specimens from two municipalities of Paraguay (Concepción and Santa Rosa) were analyzed and six morphotypes (named from M1 to M6) were recognized (M1-M5 in Concepción; M1-M4 and M6 in Santa Rosa) based on variations in the apex of the aculeus, and a morphotype with the typical aculeus of the fraterculus complex. Multivariate analysis of eight measurements taken from the aculeus indicated differences among all morphotypes. Morphometric analysis based on conventional morphometry also revealed the existence of variability among the morphotypes studied, but some specimens from morphotype M4 were similar to specimens from morphotypes M5 and M3 in Concepción. Wings were also subjected to geometric morphometry by using 20 landmarks, which indicated the existence of variability between and within morphotypes. Morphotypes from the population of Concepcion tended to form separate groups. However, besides the morphological variations observed for morphotypes from both populations analyzed, partial sequences of the citochrome oxidase I (Cox1) gene and the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region were highly similar among them. Therefore, these molecular markers did not differentiate the morphotypes studied and were highly similar to specimens with the aculeus shape typical of the fraterculus complex.
Virlet, Nicolas. "Phénotypage haut débit par imagerie multispectrale au verger : étude du déterminisme génétique de la réponse à la contrainte hydrique d'une population d'hybrides de pommier (Malus x domestica Borkh.)." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSAM0021/document.
Full textIn the context of foreseen climate changes and higher evaporative demand in crops, this PhD work is aiming at assessing the apple tree variability in response to hydric constraints. This could be of great interest for future breeding programs in this species, either in respect to temporary abiotic stress tolerance, or looking at a better water use efficiency. Phenotyping methods presently available for evaluating the plant response to hydric constraints do not allow the high-throughput that could be compatible with simultaneous comparison of a high number of individuals. As a consequence, this thesis focused on the application of airborne multispectral imagery as a tool for high-throughput field phenotyping, and it assessed the relevancy of this method for quantitative analysis of response to drought and further dissection of associated genetic determinisms. Trials were realized on a segregating hybrid apple population (Starkrimson x Granny Smith cross), 4-year old at the beginning of study, installed in the South of France. Images acquired in visible, near infrared and thermal infrared, with a spatial resolution close to 30cm, were the calculation basis of various vegetation and stress indices, allowing estimation of individual tree vigor and transpiration. Linear mixed models taking account of six flight dates, covering two acquisition campaigns and including two contrasted irrigation regimes over the apple population, made it possible to highlight the heritability of phenotypic indices and to perform numerous QTLs mapping. Eighteen QTLs were revealed independently from the acquisition date. Out of this QTLs set, a further analysis on 4 of them, which were adaptative i.e. expressed in stress conditions, allowed first identification of putative candidate genes potentially involved in the early stomatal closure
Orchard, Caleb. "Naturally occurring variation in the promoter of the chromoplast-specific Cyc-B gene in tomato can be used to modulate levels of ß-carotene in ripe tomato fruit." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1416926782.
Full textUggla, Madeleine. "Domestication of wild roses for fruit production /." Alnarp : Dept. of Crop Science, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/a480.pdf.
Full textJeppsson, Niklas. "Genetic variation and fruit quality in sea buckthorn and black chokeberry /." Alnarp : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5709-2.pdf.
Full textWessendorf, Lisa H. V. "Genetic and molecular characterization of wing development in Drosophila." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309358.
Full textWang, Jiaojiao. "Study of starch metabolism in tomato fruit by using forward and reverse genetic approaches." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0213.
Full textStarch plays a central role during fruit development and ripening. Its degradation provides energy and sugars in ripening fruits whereas its accumulation responds to environmental stresses, which suggests a buffering role. Knowledge of starch metabolism in leaves has dramatically improved, mostly through the characterization of Arabidopsis mutants (starch-less or -excessive), but only very little is known in fruits. In this study, we used both forward and reverse genetic approaches to obtain tomato mutants with starch-excess fruits.For applying forward genetics, we took advantages of the robotic platform and the large EMS mutant population of tomato (Micro-Tom, an ideal model for starch research), and performed a screen by using red fruits of nearly 3,000 individuals. Three starch-excess candidates were found and one (P17C12) could be confirmed as a homozygous mutant with a recessive starch-excess phenotype with Mendelian inheritance analysis. A large BC1F2 population was phenotyped and the starch-excess phenotype was mapped-by-sequencing. The sequence data obtained from the two bulks revealed that the mutation was likely located at the end of chromosome 1, a region that harbours 1 KO and 2 missense mutations as well as numerous mutations in non-coding regions. We decided to work with the KO, missense mutations and mutations in 5’ UTR and 3’ UTR first, which were a RecQ helicase 4 gene (RECQ4, Solyc01g103960), a mitochondrial carrier protein family gene (MCF, Solyc01g095510), a phospholipid-transporting ATPase gene (PTA, Solyc01g096930), a conserved peptide upstream open reading frame (CPuORF, Solyc01g105700), and a rubredoxin protein family gene (Solyc01g097910), respectively.To evaluate those mutations, we utilised different bioengineering techniques adapted to each case. We created KO or missense homozygous mutants by using CRISPR/Cas9 for RECQ4, MCF and PTA candidate genes, and homozygous mutants with insertion/deletion mutations in the 5’ UTR for CPuORF, but none of them showed a starch-excess phenotype. For Rubredoxin, besides creating KO mutants and mutants with similar mutations in 3’ UTR with CRISPR/Cas9, we also overexpressed Rubredoxin under the control of the 35S promoter as we found a significant increase of Rubredoxin mRNA in the 12 DAP (days after pollination) fruit of BC1F1 and S2 (P17C12), compared to the WT. The homozygous KO mutants could not grow through cotyledon stage, indicating that the lack of Rubredoxin is lethal for phototrophic plants. The mutants with mutations in 3’ UTR showed no changes in starch amount or mRNA levels of rubredoxin. Then, among the transformants overexpressing Rubredoxin, some showed 100 times higher expressions levels of Rubredoxin in leaves, but showed no significant starch increase in 20DAP fruit. Finally, none of the five candidate genes checked here led to a starch-excess phenotype in fruits, implying that more investigations are required regarding fine-mapping and mining the possible candidate genes.We also attempted to obtain starch-excess mutants via reverse genetics. We selected one alpha-amylase (AMY3.2) and three beta-amylases (BAM1.2, BAM3.2 and BAM9) to create the corresponding KO mutants by CRISPR/Cas9 techniques. We obtained homozygous KO mutants of AMY3.2 and BAM9, and heterozygous KO mutants of BAM1.2 and BAM3.2 in T1 generation. The mutants of two transgenic lines lacking AMY3.2 showed lower starch content in 20 DAP fruits. While the loss of BAM9 led to poor fertilization, and reduced seed numbers and fruit size in most mutants. Furthermore, in those mutants, starch levels were remarkably high in the ripening 35 DAP fruit. Then, in the red ripe fruit, mutants contained significant more glucose than WT fruits. Those results lead us to speculate that BAM9 may play important roles both in pollen viability and starch degradation during fruit ripening
Cimò, Giuseppe. "Ploidy manipulation for genetic improvement in some Mediterranean fruit crops." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/79874.
Full textLa mejora genética tiene como objetivo la selección de nuevos genotipos con mejores características. Los métodos de mejora convencional basados en hibridaciones y aquellos basados en Biotecnología (hibridación somática, transformación genética, manipulación de la ploidía, etc.) se utilizan para obtener nueva variación genética. La Biotecnología proporciona herramientas poderosas en mejora genética, por ejemplo, la obtención de haploides permite obtener líneas homocigotas en un solo paso, disminuyendo significativamente el tiempo requerido usando métodos convencionales. Respecto a especies leñosas, caracterizadas por autoincompatibilidad floral, largo período juvenil y alto grado de heterocigosidad, esta técnica es el único método de obtención de líneas homocigotas. Los genotipos haploides tienen un alto interés en estudios genómicos, siendo utilizados en estudios de mutaciones, análisis genéticos, mapeo genético y transferencia genética. Este estudio tiene como objetivo la inducción de embriogénesis gamética en dos especies mediterráneas muy importantes: el almendro (Prunus dulcis Mill.) por medio de cultivo in vitro de anteras y el mandarino (Citrus reticulata Blanco) por medio de aislamiento de microesporas. Además, se ha estudiado la obtención de poliploides en níspero (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.) con el objetivo de obtener genotipos con diversos niveles de ploidía. Los experimentos se llevaron a cabo en los años 2014, 2015 y 2016 en la 'Università degli Studi di Palermo' (UNIPA) y en el 'Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias' (IVIA). Respecto al cultivo de anteras en almendro, la formación de callos y producción de embriones se obtuvo mediante embriogénesis directa. Por otro lado, se ha conseguido regenerar por primera vez embriones a partir de microesporas aisladas en el cultivar de mandarino 'Mandarino Tardivo di Ciaculli'. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la embriogénesis gamética y la regeneración de embriones homocigótos en almendro y mandarino, dos especies extremadamente recalcitrantes para la embriogenésis a partir de microesporas, es posible. Sin embargo, los resultados se ven afectados por muchos factores que necesitan estudios adicionales para comprender mejor el desarrollo embriogénico y para aumentar la tasa de obtención del embriones. Además, otra herramienta biotecnológica (manipulación de la ploidía) se aplicó con el objetivo de implementar el programa de mejora de níspero del IVIA. Las plantas poliploides en esta especie tienen un alto interés, pues podrían permitir la obtención de frutos sin semilla, por medio de la obtención directa de triploides o mediante cruzamiento entre tetraploides y diploides. Con el objetivo de obtener nuevos genotipos de níspero con diferentes niveles de ploidía (poliploides), se aplicó colchicina a semillas sin germinar con el fin de inducir la duplicación cromosómica y se obtuvieron 3 triploides (3x) y un tetraploide (4x).
La millora genètica té com objectiu la selecció de nous genotips amb millors característiques. Els mètodes de millora convencional basats en hibridacions i aquells basats en Biotecnologia (hibridació somàtica, transformació genètica, manipulació de la ploïdia, etc.) s'utilitzen per aconseguir nova variació genètica. La Biotecnologia proporciona eines poderoses en millora genètica, per exemple, l'obtenció d'haploides permet obtenir línies homozigòtiques en un sol pas, disminuint significativament el temps requerit usant mètodes convencionals. Pel que fa a espècies llenyoses, caracteritzades per autoincompatibilitat floral, llarg període juvenil i alt grau d'heterozigosi, aquesta tècnica és l'únic mètode d'obtenció de línies homozigòtiques. Els genotips haploides tenen un alt interès en estudis genòmics, sent utilitzats en estudis de mutacions, anàlisis genètics, mapatge genètic i transferència genètica. Aquest estudi té com objectiu la inducció d'embriogènesi gamètica en dos espècies mediterrànies molt importants: l'ametller (Prunus dulcis Mill.) a través del cultiu in vitro d'anteres i el mandariner (Citrus reticulata Blanco) per mitjà d'aïllament de micròspores. A més a més, s'ha estudiat l'obtenció de poliploides en nespra (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.) Amb l'objectiu d'aconseguir genotips amb diversos nivells de ploïdia. Els experiments es van dur a terme en els anys 2014, 2015 i 2016 a la 'Università degli Studi di Palermo' (UNIPA) i a 'l'Institut Valencià d'Investigacions Agràries' (IVIA). Respecte al cultiu d'anteres en ametller, la formació de calls i producció d'embrions es va obtenir mitjançant embriogènesi directa. D'altra banda, s'ha aconseguit per primera vegada la regeneració d'embrions a partir de micròspores aïllades en el conrear de mandariner 'Mandarino Tardivo di Ciaculli'. Els resultats obtinguts mostren que l'embriogènesi gamètica i la regeneració d'embrions homozigotics en ametller i mandariner, dues espècies extremadament recalcitrants per l'embriogènesi a partir de micròspores, és possible. No obstant això, els resultats es veuen afectats per molts factors que necessiten estudis addicionals per entendre millor el desenvolupament embriogènic i per augmentar la taxa d'obtenció dels embrions. A més, una altra eina biotecnològica (manipulació de la ploïdia) es va aplicar amb l'objectiu d'implementar el programa de millora de nespra de l'IVIA. Les plantes poliploides en aquesta espècie tenen un alt interès, ja que podrien permetre l'obtenció de fruits sense llavor, per mitjà de l'obtenció directa de triploides o mitjançant encreuament entre tetraploides i diploides. Amb l'objectiu d'aconseguir nous genotips de nespra amb diferents nivells de ploïdia (poliploides), es va aplicar colquicina a llavors sense germinar per tal d'induir la duplicació cromosòmica i es van obtenir 3 triploides (3x) i un tetraploide (4x).
Cimò, G. (2017). Ploidy manipulation for genetic improvement in some Mediterranean fruit crops [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/79874
TESIS
Deljou, Ali. "Tissue culture and genetic transformation in potato breeding." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339661.
Full textGonzaga, Lamartine Nogueira. "Caracterização morfoagronômica da coleção de germoplasma de jatobá-do-cerrado (Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne) da UFG." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7197.
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Hymenaea stigonocarpa is classified as a priority for research and sustainable exploitation, with potential for fruit production. There is a phenotypic variation in the species that allows the distinction of three botanical varieties based on leaf characters. The present study aimed to characterize and evaluate the magnitude and distribution of the genetic variability of a germplasm collection of the species. The experimental material consisted of 336 accessions of 120 maternal families, from 24 subpopulations sampled in the Brazilian Cerrado. Plant height, stem diameter, number of branches and number of leaves were measured. Later, they were measured the morpho-agronomic variables: leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, petile diameter, leaf angle, leaflets angle and chlorophyll index. Growth dynamics and analysis of variance were performed to estimate genetic and statistical parameters and selection gain, for growth traits. Data from 113 progenies were used to estimate phenotypic and genetic correlation coefficients. It was also determined the relative importance of the variables for genetic divergence. The dynamics of growth were different in different periods, which is attributed to the formation of the root system in the initial phase of growth. The effects of progeny and subpopulation explain considerably part of the total variation, being significant between and, predominantly, not significant within subpopulations for the growth variables. The morpho-agronomic traits showed significant variation within subpopulations. The cluster analysis showed the formation of two distinct groups which corroborates a population study previously carried out with molecular markers. There is significant variation between subpopulations for growth trais, with possibility of selection for these variables. Based on morphological agronomic variables, the genetic variability is structured among subpopulations. Plants with high growth rates in height have a high growth rate of stem diameter. The variables petiole length (CP), petiole diameter (DP) and final stem diameter (DF) were the most determinant in the discrimination of accessions.
O jatobá-do-cerrado é uma espécie nativa do Cerrado, classificada como prioritária para a pesquisa e exploração sustentada em médio prazo, para produção de frutos. Há variação fenotípica na espécie que permite a distinção de três variedades por caracteres das folhas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar e avaliar a magnitude e distribuição da variabilidade genética de uma coleção de germoplasma da espécie. O material experimental foi constituído por 336 acessos de 120 progênies maternas, de 24 subpopulações amostradas no Cerrado. Foram realizadas leituras das variáveis de crescimento: altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, número de ramificações e número de folhas. Posteriormente foram mensuradas as variáveis morfoagronômicas: comprimento do entrenó, comprimento do folíolo, largura do folíolo, comprimento do pecíolo, diâmetro do pecíolo, ângulo da folha, ângulo dos folíolos e índice de clorofila. Foi avaliada a dinâmica do crescimento e estimados componentes de variância para obtenção de parâmetros genéticos, estatísticos e ganho de seleção para os caracteres do crescimento. Dados de 113 progênies foram utilizados na estimativa de coeficientes de correlação. Foi determinada, ainda, a importância relativa das variáveis para a divergência genética. A dinâmica do crescimento foi diferente em períodos distintos, o que é atribuído à formação do sistema radicular na fase inicial de crescimento. Os efeitos de progênie e subpopulação explicam consideravelmente parte da variação total captada, sendo significativa entre e, predominantemente, não significativa dentro de subpopulações para as variáveis do crescimento. Com os caracteres morfoagronômicos houve significativa variação dentro de subpopulações. A análise de divergência por agrupamento mostrou a formação de dois grupos distintos o que corrobora estudo populacional realizado anteriormente com marcadores moleculares. Existe variação significativa entre subpopulações para os caracteres de crescimento, com possibilidade de seleção para estas variáveis. Há, com base em variáveis morfoagronômicas, estruturação da variabilidade genética entre subpopulações. Plantas com elevadas taxas de crescimento em altura apresentam elevada taxa de crescimento do diâmetro do caule. As variáveis avaliadas comprimento do pecíolo (CP), diâmetro do pecíolo (DP) e diâmetro final do caule (DF) foram as mais determinantes na discriminação dos acessos.