Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fruit fly

Academic literature on the topic 'Fruit fly'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Fruit fly"

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Gede Swibawa, I., F. X. Susilo, Indra Murti, and Esti Ristiyani. "SERANGAN DACUS CUCURBITAE ( DIPTERA: TRYPETIDAE) PADA BUAH MENTIMUN DAN PARE YANG DIBUNGKUS PADA SAAT PENTIL." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 3, no. 2 (September 3, 2003): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.2343-46.

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Dacus cucurbitae ( Diptera: Trypetidae) attacks on cucumber and peria fruits wrapped at cherelle stage. The fruit flies were important pests of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) and peria (Memordica charantia L.). The flies attacked fruits by laying egg on the fruit surface and their developing immatures caused serious damages from the inside. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of the fruit wrapping at cherelle stage on fruit fly infestation on cucumber or peria fruits. The experiment was conducted in villages of Terbanggi Besar (Central Lampung) and Jati Agung (South Lampung) during October—November 2001. A set of cherelle stage fruits, i.e. those just shed off their florescence, were wrapped using plastic bags while another set of adjacent fruits were left unwrapped. Fruits (treated or untreated) were taken soon after they fell off or at their normal harvest time, whichever came first, then were weighed and incubated in the laboratory to observe the fruit fly emergence. The results showed that fruit wrapping significantly reduced the fruit fly infestation and suppressed the fruit fly population on cucumber or peria fruits. The wrapped fruits weighed more than unwrapped fruits
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Zentani, Eman A. "Identification and description of Fruit fly species associated with different hosts in some Tripoli Fruit Orchards." Journal of Misurata University for Agricultural Sciences, no. 01 (October 6, 2019): 338–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.27.

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The present field study was carried out to identify fruit fly species in Tripoli fruit orchards during 2016 – 2017 seasons by using fruit rearing method. Five hosts were examined in this study namely Guava Psidium guajava L. , Pear Pyrus communis، , Plum Prunus cerasifera, pomegranate Punica granatum and Peach Prunus persica The results revealed that three species of fruit flies that belong to family Tephritidae were identified; the Peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zontana (Saunders) and the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemaan), which were found in all fruit trees examined, and Bactrocera sp.that was recorded for the first time on Guava in the area. The fourth fruit fly species recorded was the African fig fly, Zaprionus indianus (Gupta) in pomegranate and Guava fruits.
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Pangihutan, Josua Crystovel, Danar Dono, and Yusup Hidayat. "The potency of minerals to reduce oriental fruit fly infestation in chili fruits." PeerJ 10 (April 14, 2022): e13198. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13198.

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Introductions In many areas, particularly in Asia, the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) causes considerable fruit damage on various plants. The fruit fly causes significant economic losses every year due to reduced fruit quantity and quality as well as export restrictions. This study aimed to examine the potency of minerals in controlling the oriental fruit fly infestation in chili fruits. Methods Experiments were conducted under laboratory and semi-field conditions using randomized block design. Ten minerals (i.e. kaolin, talc, zinc oxide, bentonite, sulfur, dolomite, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and zeolite) and an untreated control were tested under laboratory conditions. Twenty chili fruits at a green stage were soaked in each mineral suspension (2%, w/v), air-dried, and placed in a trial cage (23-L plastic container) containing 20 female oriental fruit flies. In a semi-field bioassay using a screen cage (100 cm × 70 cm × 120 cm), 20 female oriental fruit flies were exposed to a fruit-bearing chili plant sprayed with mineral suspension. Results Talc and calcium oxide significantly reduced the numbers of visiting fruit flies, oviposition holes, and eggs laid, as well as the percentage of infested chili fruits in a laboratory bioassay. Calcium hydroxide was substantially better than talc in controlling fruit fly infestation in a semi-field bioassay, although it was not significantly different from calcium oxide and calcium carbonate. Conclusion Overall, calcium oxide is a viable option for the long-term control of the oriental fruit fly on chili fruits. Calcium oxide could be utilized as the push component of a push-pull strategy to manage oriental fruit fly infestation in chili fruits because of its potential to inhibit the number of visiting fruit flies and oviposition.
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VASS, EMILY, and ANTHONY J. NAPPI. "Fruit Fly Immunity." BioScience 51, no. 7 (2001): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0529:ffi]2.0.co;2.

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Duyck, Pierre-François, Patrice David, Guillemette Junod, Caroline Brunel, Raphaël Dupont, and Serge Quilici. "TROPICAL FRUIT FLY." Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 87, no. 3 (July 2006): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9623(2006)87[199:tff]2.0.co;2.

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Dearolf, C. "Fruit fly “leukemia”." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer 1377, no. 1 (February 20, 1998): M13—M23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-419x(97)00031-0.

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Stephenson, J. "Fruit Fly Genome." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 281, no. 11 (March 17, 1999): 978—b—978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.281.11.978-b.

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Stephenson, Joan. "Fruit Fly Genome." JAMA 281, no. 11 (March 17, 1999): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.281.11.978-jha90001-3-1.

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Nikos T. Papadopoulos, Dimitrios P. Papachristos, and Charalambos Ioannou. "CITRUS FRUITS AND THE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1065 (January 2015): 1009–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2015.1065.126.

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Sultana, MS, MAK Azad, and MS Islam. "Screening of Some Botanicals for Eco-friendly Control of Cucurbit Fruit Fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae) Infestation in Experimental Cucumber Field." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 13, no. 1-2 (July 6, 2022): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v13i1-2.60685.

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Cucurbit fruit fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae) is the major pest of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), which severely damage the cucumber production. This study was carried to evaluate the efficacy of fourteen botanicals such as Chili (Capsicum frutescens), Garlic (Allium sativum), Onion (Allium cepa), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Carrot leaves(Daucuscarota subsp. Sativus), Bitter gourd (Momordic acharantia), young Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Mahogany seed (Swietenia macrophylla), Eucalyptus leaves (Eucalyptus globulus), Black plum leaves (Syzygium cumini), Jackfruit leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus), Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica), Black pepper (Piper nigrum) and Garden croton leaves (Codiaeum variegatum) to control the cucurbit fruit fly infestation in experimental cucumber (Green Rohini F1 Hybrid Cucumber) field during March 15, 2021– May 14, 2021. This study observed a less number of cucurbit fruit fly attack on cucumber fruits in Ginger treatment. In this treatment, only 7.06% fruits were infested by cucurbit fruit fly. The Ginger treatment reduced 14.17 times fruit fly infestation compare to control. However, a high number of cucurbit fruit fly infestations were found in Bitter gourd, young Tomato, Mahogany and Garden croton treatments. Cucurbit fruit fly infestation was low (12.50%) in Neem treatment. This treatment showed best performance on cucumber size (cm) and yield (gm). The lowest yield was found in Bitter gourd treatment. The Neem treatment kept about 3.54 times better performance in respect to cucumber yield than that of control treatment. Therefore, Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) extracts can be used as bio-pesticide for eco-friendly control of cucurbit fruit fly infestation in cucumber field. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 13(1&2): 38-42, 2020
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fruit fly"

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Cameron, Emilie C. "Fruit Fly Pests of Northwestern Australia." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1711.

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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD),
Until recently, Northwestern Australia was thought to be relatively free of serious fruit fly pests. Although a noxious strain, present in Darwin since 1985, was widely believed to be an infestation of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, from the East coast, the fruit flies present outside this area were believed to be the benign endemic species, B. aquilonis. However, during the year 2000, infestations of fruit flies were discovered on major commercial crops in both Western Australia and the Northern Territory. It was not known whether these outbreaks were due to an invasion of the major pest species, Bactrocera tryoni, a change in the behaviour of B. aquilonis, or a hybridisation event between the two species. Finding the source of these outbreaks has been complicated by the fact that, since B. tryoni and B. aquilonis are virtually indistinguishable morphologically, it was not known which species are present in the region. Traditionally any tryoni complex fly caught in the Northwest was called B. aquilonis based solely on location. In order to get a good population profile of the region, an extensive trapping program was set up to include flies from urban areas, commercial crops and natural areas where the benign strain is thought to remain. Tests of genetic differentiation and clustering analyses revealed a high degree of homogeneity in the Northwest samples, suggesting that just one species is present in the region. The Northwest samples were genetically differentiated from the Queensland samples but only to a small degree (FST =0.0153). MtDNA sequencing results also showed a small degree of differentiation between these regions. A morphological study of wing shape indicated that there are some minor identifiable morphological differences between East coast and Northwest laboratory reared flies. This difference was greater than that seen between B. jarvisi populations across the same geographic range. The results suggest that the flies caught in the Northwest are a separate population of B. tryoni. Soon after pest flies were discovered in Darwin, a population became established in Alice Springs. This population had a low genetic diversity compared with Queensland and Darwin populations, and showed evidence of being heavily founded. In 2000, an outbreak was discovered in the nearby town of Ti Tree. Due to the geographic and genetic similarity of these populations, Alice Springs was determined to be the source of the Ti Tree outbreak. To investigate the founding of these populations, a program was developed to estimate the propagule size. Using a simulation method seven different statistics were tested for estimating the propagule size of an outbreak population. For outbreaks originating from populations with high genetic diversity, the number of alleles was a good estimator of propagule size. When, however, the genetic diversity of the source population was already reduced, allele frequency measures, particularly the likelihood of obtaining the outbreak population from the source population, gave more accurate estimates. Applying this information to the Alice Springs samples, it was estimated that just five flies were needed to found the major population in and around Alice Springs. For Ti Tree, the propagule size was estimated to be 27 flies (minimum 10). In 2000, a much larger outbreak occurred in the developing horticultural region of Kununurra in northern Western Australia. An important question for the management of the problem is whether there is an established fly population or the flies are reinvading each year. This population was found to have a large amount of gene flow from the Northern Territory. Within the Kununurra samples, one group of flies was genetically differentiated from all the other samples. This group came from a small geographic area on the periphery of Kununurra and appeared to be the result of an invasion into this area at the time when the population was building up following the dry season. A further threat to the Northwest horticultural regions comes from B. jarvisi. A recent increase in the host range of this species has lead to speculation that it may become a greater pest in Northwestern Australia. At the present time, protocols for the population monitoring and disinfestation of this species are not in place. Here it is shown that B. jarvisi eggs are more heat tolerant than B. tryoni eggs and that monitoring of B. jarvisi populations is possible using cue lure traps placed according to fruiting time and location of their favoured host, Planchonia careya.
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Cameron, Emilie C. "Fruit Fly Pests of Northwestern Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1711.

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Until recently, Northwestern Australia was thought to be relatively free of serious fruit fly pests. Although a noxious strain, present in Darwin since 1985, was widely believed to be an infestation of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, from the East coast, the fruit flies present outside this area were believed to be the benign endemic species, B. aquilonis. However, during the year 2000, infestations of fruit flies were discovered on major commercial crops in both Western Australia and the Northern Territory. It was not known whether these outbreaks were due to an invasion of the major pest species, Bactrocera tryoni, a change in the behaviour of B. aquilonis, or a hybridisation event between the two species. Finding the source of these outbreaks has been complicated by the fact that, since B. tryoni and B. aquilonis are virtually indistinguishable morphologically, it was not known which species are present in the region. Traditionally any tryoni complex fly caught in the Northwest was called B. aquilonis based solely on location. In order to get a good population profile of the region, an extensive trapping program was set up to include flies from urban areas, commercial crops and natural areas where the benign strain is thought to remain. Tests of genetic differentiation and clustering analyses revealed a high degree of homogeneity in the Northwest samples, suggesting that just one species is present in the region. The Northwest samples were genetically differentiated from the Queensland samples but only to a small degree (FST =0.0153). MtDNA sequencing results also showed a small degree of differentiation between these regions. A morphological study of wing shape indicated that there are some minor identifiable morphological differences between East coast and Northwest laboratory reared flies. This difference was greater than that seen between B. jarvisi populations across the same geographic range. The results suggest that the flies caught in the Northwest are a separate population of B. tryoni. Soon after pest flies were discovered in Darwin, a population became established in Alice Springs. This population had a low genetic diversity compared with Queensland and Darwin populations, and showed evidence of being heavily founded. In 2000, an outbreak was discovered in the nearby town of Ti Tree. Due to the geographic and genetic similarity of these populations, Alice Springs was determined to be the source of the Ti Tree outbreak. To investigate the founding of these populations, a program was developed to estimate the propagule size. Using a simulation method seven different statistics were tested for estimating the propagule size of an outbreak population. For outbreaks originating from populations with high genetic diversity, the number of alleles was a good estimator of propagule size. When, however, the genetic diversity of the source population was already reduced, allele frequency measures, particularly the likelihood of obtaining the outbreak population from the source population, gave more accurate estimates. Applying this information to the Alice Springs samples, it was estimated that just five flies were needed to found the major population in and around Alice Springs. For Ti Tree, the propagule size was estimated to be 27 flies (minimum 10). In 2000, a much larger outbreak occurred in the developing horticultural region of Kununurra in northern Western Australia. An important question for the management of the problem is whether there is an established fly population or the flies are reinvading each year. This population was found to have a large amount of gene flow from the Northern Territory. Within the Kununurra samples, one group of flies was genetically differentiated from all the other samples. This group came from a small geographic area on the periphery of Kununurra and appeared to be the result of an invasion into this area at the time when the population was building up following the dry season. A further threat to the Northwest horticultural regions comes from B. jarvisi. A recent increase in the host range of this species has lead to speculation that it may become a greater pest in Northwestern Australia. At the present time, protocols for the population monitoring and disinfestation of this species are not in place. Here it is shown that B. jarvisi eggs are more heat tolerant than B. tryoni eggs and that monitoring of B. jarvisi populations is possible using cue lure traps placed according to fruiting time and location of their favoured host, Planchonia careya.
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Van, der Merwe Cornelia. "Longevity and oviposition of Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) (Diptera : Tephritidae) fed on a predominantly sugar and a predominantly protein diet." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52326.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Experiments using the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), were conducted to determine the mortality of males and females and the ovipositing ability of females fed on two diets. The sugar diet consisted of 5: 1 sugar:protein and the protein diet consisted of 5:1 protein: sugar. Dilutions of 80%, 60%, 40%, 20% and 10% with water of both diets were also provided to the flies. Female longevity was shorter than male longevity. There was no difference in female longevity between fruit flies fed on the two diets. However, males fed on the sugar diet lived longer than those fed on the protein diet. More eggs per female per day were laid by those fed the sugar diet than by those fed the protein diet. There were no differences m oviposition between flies fed on the different concentrations of the two diets.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Proewe met die Mediterreense vrugtevlieg, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), is uitgevoer om die mortaliteit van die mannetjies en wyfies, asook eierlegging van wyfies wat met twee verskillende diëte voorsien is, te bepaal. Die onderskeie diëte het uit 'n mengsel van proteïen en suiker (5 dele suiker en 1 deel proteïen) en (5 dele proteïen en 1 deel suiker) bestaan. Verdunnings van 80%, 60%, 40%, 20% en 10% is van die onderskeie diëte gemaak en aan die vlieë voorsien. Daar was geen verskil in die lewensduur van wyfies wat op die twee diëte gevoed is nie. Mannetjies wat op die oorwegende suiker dieët gevoed is, het langer as dié wat op die proteïen dieët gevoed is, geleef. Vlieë wat op die suiker dieët gevoed het, het regdeur 'n hoër gemiddelde daaglikse eierlegging per wyfie as dié wat op die proteïen dieët gevoed het, getoon. Geen noemenswaardige verskil in eierlegging vir vlieë wat op verskillende konsentrasies van die twee diëte gevoed het, is gevind nie.
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Tasnin, Mst Shahrima. "Demographic structure and aging in Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae) in subtropical Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/207465/1/Mst%20Shahrima_Tasnin_Thesis.pdf.

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Queensland fruit fly is a destructive horticultural insect pest. Knowing the age-structure of fly populations, that is the relative proportion of young, middle-age, and old-age flies within a population at a given time, is critical for effective management. The thesis combined behavioural ecology with a novel mathematical analysis to identify the seasonal changes in the age of a wild Queensland fruit fly population. The study showed that the abundance and age-structure of the fly changed predictably with the season, strongly suggestive of an endogenous mechanism that helps the fly cope with seasonal changes in resource availability.
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Corcoran, R. J. "Fruit fly (Diptera:Tephritidae) responses to quarantine heat treatment /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16489.pdf.

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Kölling, Nils. "Quantitative genetics of gene expression during fruit fly development." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/256090.

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Over the last ten years, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been used to identify genetic variants associated with many diseases as well as quantitative phenotypes, by exploiting naturally occurring genetic variation in large cohorts of individuals. More recently, the GWAS approach has also been applied to highthroughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data in order to find loci associated with different levels of gene expression, called expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL). Because of the large amount of data that is required for such high-resolution eQTL studies, most of them have so far been carried out in humans, where the cost of data collection could be justified by a possible future impact in human health. However, due to the rapidly falling price of high-throughput sequencing it is now also becoming feasible to perform high-resolution eQTL studies in higher model organisms. This enables the study of gene regulation in biological contexts that have so far been beyond our reach for practical or ethical reasons, such as early embryonic development. Taking advantage of these new possibilities, we performed a high-resolution eQTL study on 80 inbred fruit fly lines from the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel, which represent naturally occurring genetic variation in a wild population of Drosophila melanogaster. Using a 3′ Tag RNA-sequencing protocol we were able to estimate the level of expression both of genes as well as of different 3′ isoforms of the same gene. We estimated these expression levels for each line at three different stages of embryonic development, allowing us to not only improve our understanding of D. melanogaster gene regulation in general, but also investigate how gene regulation changes during development. In this thesis, I describe the processing of 3′ Tag-Seq data into both 3′ isoform expression levels and overall gene expression levels. Using these expression levels I call proximal eQTLs both common and specific to a single developmental stage with a multivariate linear mixed model approach while accounting for various confounding factors. I then investigate the properties of these eQTLs, such as their location or the gene categories enriched or depleted in eQTLs. Finally, I extend the proximal eQTL calling approach to distal variants to find gene regulatory mechanisms acting in trans. Taken together, this thesis describes the design, challenges and results of performing a multivariate eQTL study in a higher model organism and provides new insights into gene regulation in D. melanogaster during embryonic development.
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Knowles-Barley, Seymour Francis. "Proteins, anatomy and networks of the fruit fly brain." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6177.

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Our understanding of the complexity of the brain is limited by the data we can collect and analyze. Because of experimental limitations and a desire for greater detail, most investigations focus on just one aspect of the brain. For example, brain function can be studied at many levels of abstraction including, but not limited to, gene expression, protein interactions, anatomical regions, neuronal connectivity, synaptic plasticity, and the electrical activity of neurons. By focusing on each of these levels, neuroscience has built up a detailed picture of how the brain works, but each level is understood mostly in isolation from the others. It is likely that interaction between all these levels is just as important. Therefore, a key hypothesis is that functional units spanning multiple levels of biological organization exist in the brain. This project attempted to combine neuronal circuitry analysis with functional proteomics and anatomical regions of the brain to explore this hypothesis, and took an evolutionary view of the results obtained. During the process we had to solve a number of technical challenges as the tools to undertake this type of research did not exist. Two informatics challenges for this research were to develop ways to analyze neurobiological data, such as brain protein expression patterns, to extract useful information, and how to share and present this data in a way that is fast and easy for anyone to access. This project contributes towards a more wholistic understanding of the fruit fly brain in three ways. Firstly, a screen was conducted to record the expression of proteins in the brain of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Protein expression patterns in the fruit fly brain were recorded from 535 protein trap lines using confocal microscopy. A total of 884 3D images were annotated and made available on an easy to use website database, BrainTrap, available at fruitfly.inf.ed.ac.uk/braintrap. The website allows 3D images of the protein expression to be viewed interactively in the web browser, and an ontology-based search tool allows users to search for protein expression patterns in specific areas of interest. Different expression patterns mapped to a common template can be viewed simultaneously in multiple colours. This data bridges the gap between anatomical and biomolecular levels of understanding. Secondly, protein trap expression patterns were used to investigate the properties of the fruit fly brain. Thousands of protein-protein interactions have been recorded by methods such as yeast two-hybrid, however many of these protein pairs do not express in the same regions of the fruit fly brain. Using 535 protein expression patterns it was possible to rule out 149 protein-protein interactions. Also, protein expression patterns registered against a common template brain were used to produce new anatomical breakdowns of the fruit fly brain. Clustering techniques were able to naturally segment brain regions based only on the protein expression data. This is just one example of how, by combining proteomics with anatomy, we were able to learn more about both levels of understanding. Results are analysed further in combination with networks such as genetic homology networks, and connectivity networks. We show how the wealth of biological and neuroscience data now available in public databases can be combined with the Brain- Trap data to reveal similarities between areas of the fruit fly and mammalian brain. The BrainTrap data also informs us on the process of evolution and we show that genes found in fruit fly, yeast and mouse are more likely to be generally expressed throughout the brain, whereas genes found only in fruit fly and mouse, but not yeast, are more likely to have a specific expression pattern in the fruit fly brain. Thus, by combining data from multiple sources we can gain further insight into the complexity of the brain. Neural connectivity data is also analyzed and a new technique for enhanced motifs is developed for the combined analysis of connectivity data with other information such as neuron type data and potentially protein expression data. Thirdly, I investigated techniques for imaging the protein trap lines at higher resolution using electron microscopy (EM) and developed new informatics techniques for the automated analysis of neural connectivity data collected from serial section transmission electron microscopy (ssTEM). Measurement of the connectivity between neurons requires high resolution imaging techniques, such as electron microscopy, and images produced by this method are currently annotated manually to produce very detailed maps of cell morphology and connectivity. This is an extremely time consuming process and the volume of tissue and number of neurons that can be reconstructed is severely limited by the annotation step. I developed a set of computer vision algorithms to improve the alignment between consecutive images, and to perform partial annotation automatically by detecting membrane, synapses and mitochondria present in the images. Accuracy of the automatic annotation was evaluated on a small dataset and 96% of membrane could be identified at the cost of 13% false positives. This research demonstrates that informatics technology can help us to automatically analyze biological images and bring together genetic, anatomical, and connectivity data in a meaningful way. This combination of multiple data sources reveals more detail about each individual level of understanding, and gives us a more wholistic view of the fruit fly brain.
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Ant, Thomas. "Genetic control of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:43f97545-f631-43cc-991c-7edb6dd71d2d.

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The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae, (Rossi) (Diptera:Tephritidae), is a key pest of olive crops. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an environmentally benign and species-specific method of pest control, aiming to reduce the reproductive potential of a wild population through the mass-release of sterile insects. Previous olive fly SIT trials, involving the release of gamma-ray sterilised mixed-sex populations, achieved limited success. Key problems included altered diurnal mating rhythms of the laboratory-reared insects, leading to assortative mating between released and wild populations, and low competitiveness of the radiation sterilised mass-reared flies. Consequently, the production of competitive, male-only release cohorts is seen as essential. The RIDL (Release of Insects carrying a Dominant Lethal) system is a transgene-based derivative of SIT, one version of which involves the mass release of insects carrying a female specific lethal transgene (fsRIDL). This thesis describes: 1) the development of fsRIDL olive fly strains and the molecular analysis of transgene insertion and function; 2) the analysis of strain life-history parameters; 3) studies into sexual selection and mating compatibility; 4) a caged proof-of-principle population suppression trial; and, 5) selection dynamics on the fsRIDL trait in caged populations. Olive fly fsRIDL strains were developed with full female-lethal penetrance and repressibility. The lead strain displayed similar life-history and sexual competitiveness traits to those of the wild-type strain from which they were derived. In addition, transgenic males showed photoperiod compatibility and strong sexual competitiveness with field-collected wild olive flies. The feasibility of the fsRIDL approach was demonstrated when repeated male releases caused eradication of caged olive fly populations. Although needing field confirmation, these results suggest that fsRIDL olive fly strains may help to mitigate key problems experienced in previous olive fly SIT trials, and could help form the basis of a renewed effort towards olive fly SIT control.
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Wallace, Erin Louise. "Investigating Life History Stages and Methods to Interrupt the Life Cycle, and Suppress Offspring Production, in the Queensland Fruit Fly (Bactrocera tryoni)." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365473.

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Outbreaks of insect pests pose a serious threat to local economies and global food production, with as much as 15% of global crop production lost to herbivorous insects annually. Outbreaks of transboundary pests and diseases that affect food crops have increased in frequency in conjunction with globalization, international trade and the impacts of climate change. Indeed, increasing global temperatures are predicted to increase the distribution, rate of development, survival and population density of many pest insects. Such changes have important ramifications for host plant exploitation. The Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni) is Australia’s worst horticultural pest, and is feared by international buyers of Australian produce. Like other Tephritid fruit fly species, B. tryoni has the potential to breach quarantine barriers via human mediated transport, and can rapidly establish in ‘new’ environments. This pest species is responsible for an estimated AU$28.5 million in annual yield loss, management costs and loss to domestic and international markets. Increasing and ongoing outbreaks of B. tryoni in Australia’s major growing regions has put international trade in jeopardy.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Wessendorf, Lisa H. V. "Genetic and molecular characterization of wing development in Drosophila." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309358.

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Books on the topic "Fruit fly"

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Christian, Thompson F., United States. Dept. of Agriculture., and Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, eds. Fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) literature. Washington, D.C: United States Dept. of Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, 1998.

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United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Beware of the Mediterranean fruit fly! Riverdale, Md.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Heath Inspection Service, 1999.

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United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Please help prevent foreign fruit-fly outbreaks. [United States]: USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 2004.

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Retan, Arthur H. Walnut husk fly. Pullman: Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture & Home Economics, Washington State University, 1987.

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Stibick, Jeffrey N. L. Action plan: Malaysian fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel). Hyattsville, Md.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 1993.

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J, Spencer G., and Ontario. Dept. of Agriculture., eds. Cherry fruit-flies. Toronto: Dept. of Agriculture, 1997.

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California. Legislature. Assembly. Office of Research., ed. Return of the medfly: The battle continues. Sacramento, CA: Joint Publications Office, 1990.

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Mangel, Marc, James R. Carey, and Richard E. Plant, eds. Pest Control: Operations and Systems Analysis in Fruit Fly Management. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70883-1.

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United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service., ed. Fruit fly cooperative control program: Draft environmental impact statement, 1999. [Riverdale, MD: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Marketing and Regulatory Programs, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 1999.

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United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service., ed. Fruit fly cooperative control program: Final environmental impact statement--2001. [Riverdale, MD] (4700 River Rd., Unit 149, Riverdale, 20737): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Marketing and Regulatory Programs, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fruit fly"

1

Shelly, Todd E. "Fruit Fly Alphabets." In Trapping and the Detection, Control, and Regulation of Tephritid Fruit Flies, 3–11. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9193-9_1.

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Poluektova, E. V., V. G. Mitrofanov, G. M. Burychenko, E. N. Myasnyankina, and E. D. Bakulina. "The Fruit Fly Drosophila." In Animal Species for Developmental Studies, 179–201. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0503-3_7.

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Xing, Bo, and Wen-Jing Gao. "Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm." In Innovative Computational Intelligence: A Rough Guide to 134 Clever Algorithms, 167–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03404-1_11.

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Thompson, F. C., A. L. Norrbom, L. E. Carroll, and I. M. White. "The Fruit Fly Biosystematic Information Data Base." In Fruit Flies, 3–7. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2278-9_1.

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Landolt, P. J. "Chemical Ecology of the Papaya Fruit Fly." In Fruit Flies, 207–10. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2278-9_39.

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Vargas, R. I. "Fruit Fly Eradication Research Programs in Hawaii." In Fruit Flies, 415–18. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2278-9_79.

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Boller, E. F. "Current Research on Fruit Fly Host Marking Pheromones." In Fruit Flies, 195–99. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2278-9_37.

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Quilici, S., and B. Trahais. "Improving Fruit Fly Trapping Systems in Reunion Island." In Fruit Flies, 235–40. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2278-9_45.

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Hentze, F., R. Mata, and N. Urbina. "A Central American Program for Fruit Fly Control." In Fruit Flies, 449–54. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2278-9_84.

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Buchinger, D. E. "California Fruit Industry Comments Regarding Fruit Fly Research." In Fruit Flies, 473–74. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2278-9_87.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fruit fly"

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Epsky, Nancy D. "Caribbean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) and small fruit in Florida." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.93467.

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Shum, Angela J., and Babak A. Parviz. "Vacuum microfabrication on live fruit fly." In 2007 IEEE 20th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memsys.2007.4433046.

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Sinha, Kaushik, and Parikshit Ram. "Fruit-fly Inspired Neighborhood Encoding for Classification." In KDD '21: The 27th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3447548.3467246.

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Xu, Fuqiang, and Youtian Tao. "The Improvement of Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm." In 2nd International Conference on Computer and Information Applications (ICCIA 2012). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccia.2012.376.

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Iscan, Hazim, and Mesut Gunduz. "A Survey on Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm." In 2015 11th International Conference on Signal-Image Technology & Internet-Based Systems (SITIS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sitis.2015.55.

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Peng, Yingqiong, Muxin Liao, Weiji Huang, Hong Deng, Ling Ao, and Jing Hua. "Fruit Fly Classification via Convolutional Neural Network." In 2018 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cac.2018.8623178.

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Pan, Jia-Yu, André Guilherme, Ribeiro Balan, Eric P. Xing, Agma Juci Machado Traina, and Christos Faloutsos. "Automatic mining of fruit fly embryo images." In the 12th ACM SIGKDD international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1150402.1150489.

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Zhang, Shuiping, Yang Chen, and Yangdan Geng. "Fruit Fly Algorithm Based on Extremal Optimization." In 2016 12th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security (CIS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cis.2016.0130.

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Liu, Yuke, Qingyong Zhang, and Lijuan Yu. "Adaptive multi-group fruit fly optimization algorithm." In 2019 34rd Youth Academic Annual Conference of Chinese Association of Automation (YAC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/yac.2019.8787618.

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Huang, Yaqing, and Tao Su. "Optimizing Fruit Fly Algorithm to Solve TSP Problem." In 2017 International Conference on Computer Systems, Electronics and Control (ICCSEC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsec.2017.8446833.

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Reports on the topic "Fruit fly"

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Salazar, Lina, Alessandro Maffioli, Julián Aramburu, and Marcos Agurto Adrianzén. MOSCA Peru: The Fruit Fly Plague. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000772.

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Saul, Stephen, and Yoram Rossler. Genetic Sexing of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1985.7566587.bard.

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Aguilar, Glenn, Dan Blanchon, Hamish Foote, Christina Pollonais, and Asia Mosee. Queensland Fruit Fly Invasion of New Zealand: Predicting Area Suitability Under Future Climate Change Scenarios. Unitec ePress, October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/pibs.rs22015.

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The Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni) is a significant horticultural pest in Australia, and has also established in other parts of the Pacific. There is a significant risk to New Zealand of invasion by this species, and several recent incursions have occurred. The potential effects of climate change on the distribution and impacts of invasive species are well known. This paper uses species distribution modelling using Maxent to predict the suitability of New Zealand to the Queensland fruit fly based on known occurrences worldwide and Bioclim climatic layers. Under current climatic conditions the majority of the country was generally in the lower range, with some areas in the medium range. Suitability prediction maps under future climate change conditions in 2050 and 2070, at lower emission (RCP 2.6) and higher emission (RCP 8.5) scenarios generally show an increase in suitability in both the North and South Islands. Calculations of the shift of suitable areas show a general movement of the centroid towards the south-east, with the higher emission scenario showing a greater magnitude of movement.
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Jurkevitch, Edouard, Carol Lauzon, Boaz Yuval, and Susan MacCombs. role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in survival and reproductive success of Ceratitis capitata, the Mediterranean fruit fly. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7695863.bard.

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Objectives: to demonstrate nitrogen fixation in the gut of Ceratitiscapitata, the Mediterranean fruit fly and that fixed nitrogen is important for the fly. Background: Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are a highly successful, widespread group of insects causing enormous economic damage in agriculture. They are anautogenous, i.e. the acquisition of nitrogenous compounds by both male and female is essential for the realization of their reproductive potential. Nitrogen, although abundant in the atmosphere, is paradoxically a limiting resource for multicellular organisms. In the Animalia, biological nitrogen fixation has solely been demonstrated in termites. Major achievements and conclusions: We found that all individuals of field-collected medflies harbor large diazotrophicenterobacterial populations that express dinitrogenreductase in the gut. Moreover, nitrogen fixation was demonstrated in isolated guts and in live flies and may significantly contribute to the fly’s nitrogen intake. Specific components of these communities were shown to be transmitted vertically between flies. Moreover, we found that the gut bacterial community changes during the fly’s active season both in composition and complexity. Moreover, strong changes in community structure were also observed between the fly's various developmental stages. An initial analysis using SuPERPCR, a technology enabling the detection of minor populations by selective elimination of the dominant 16S rDNA sequences revealed that Pseudomonasspp. may also be part of the gut community. Implications: The presence of similar bacterial consortia in additional insect orders suggests that nitrogen fixation occurs in vast pools of terrestrial insects. On such a large scale, this phenomenon may have a considerable impact on the nitrogen cycle.
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Salazar, Lina, Alessandro Maffioli, Julián Aramburu, and Marcos Agurto Adrianzen. Estimating the Impacts of a Fruit Fly Eradication Program in Peru: A Geographical Regression Discontinuity Approach. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000253.

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Yuval, Boaz, and Todd E. Shelly. Lek Behavior of Mediterranean Fruit Flies: An Experimental Analysis. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575272.bard.

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The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a ubiquitous pest of fruit trees, causing significant economic damage both in the U.S. and in Israel. Control efforts in the future will rely heavily on the sterile insect technique (SIT). Success of such operations hinges on the competitive ability of released males. The mating system of the medfly is based on leks. These are aggregations of sexually signaling males that attract females (who then select and copulate a courting male). A major component of male competitiveness is their ability to join existing leks or establish leks that are attractive to wild females. Accordingly, we identified leks and the behaviors associated with them as critical for the success of SIT operations. The objectives of this proposal were to determine 1. what makes a good lek site, 2. what are the energetic costs of lekking, 3. how females choose leks, and finally 4. whether the copulatory success of sterile males may be manipulated by particular pre-release diets and judicious spatial dispersal. We established that males choose lek sites according to their spatial location and penological status, that they avoid predators, and within the lek tree choose the perch that affords a compromise between optimal signalling, micro-climatic conditions and predation risk (Kaspi & Yuval 1999 a&b; Field et al 2000; Kaspi & Yuval submitted). We were able to show that leks are exclusive, and that only males with adequate protein and carbohydrate reserves can participate (Yuval et al 1998; Kaspi et al 2000; Shelly et al 2000). We determined that females prefer leks formed by protein fed, sexually experienced males (Shelly 2000). Finally, we demonstrated that adding protein to the diet of sterile males significantly enhances their probability of participating in leks and copulating wild females (Kaspi & Yuval 2000).
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Applebaum, Shalom W., Lawrence I. Gilbert, and Daniel Segal. Biochemical and Molecular Analysis of Juvenile Hormone Synthesis and its Regulation in the Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Ceratitis capitata). United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570564.bard.

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Original Objectives and revisions: (1) "To determine the biosynthetic pathway of JHB3 in the adult C. capitata CA in order to establish parameters for the future choice and synthesis of suitable inhibitors". Modified: to determine the pattern of FR-7 biosynthesis during normal reproductive maturation, and identify enzymes potentially involved in its synthesis. (2) "To correlate allatal epoxidase activity to the biosynthesis of JHB3 at different stages of reproductive maturation/vitellogenesis and evaluate the hypothesis that a specific JH-epoxidase may be rate limiting". Modified: to study the effects of epoxidase inhibitors on the pattern of allatal JH biosynthesis in vitro and on female reproduction in vive. (3) "To probe and clone the gene homologous to ap from C. capitata, determine its exon-intron organization, sequence it and demonstrate its spatial and temporal expression in larvae, pupae and adults." The "Medfly" (Ceratitis capitata) is a serious polyphagous fruit pest, widely distributed in subtropical regions. Damage is caused by oviposition and subsequent development of larvae. JH's are dominant gonadotropic factors in insects. In the higher Diptera, to which the Medfly belongs, JHB3 is a major homolog. It comprises 95% of the total JH produced in vitro in D. melanogaster, with JH-III found as a minor component. The biosynthesis of both JH-III and JHB3 is dependent on epoxidation of double bonds in the JH molecule. The specificity of such epoxidases is unknown. The male accessory gland D. melanogaster produces a Sex Peptide, transferred to the female during copulation. SP reduces female receptivity while activating specific JH biosynthesis in vitro and inducing oviposition in vive. It also reduces pheromone production and activates CA of the moth Helicoverpa armigera. In a previous study, mutants of the apterous (ap) gene of D. melanogaster were analyzed. This gene induces previteilogenic arrest which can be rescued by external application of JH. Considerable progress has been made in recombinant DNA technology of the Medfly. When fully operative, it might be possible to effectively transfer D. melanogaster endocrine gene-lesions into the Medfly as a strategy for their genetic control. A marked heterogeneity in the pattern of JH homologs produced by Medfly CA was observed. Contrary to the anticipated biosynthesis of JHB;, significant amounts of an unknown JH-like compound, of unknown structure and provisionally termed FR-7, were produced, in addition to significant amounts of JH-III and JHB3. Inhibitors of monooxygenases, devised for their effects on ecdysteroid biosynthesis, affect Medfly JH biosynthesis but do not reduce egg deposition. FR-7 was isolated from incubation media of Medfly CA and examined by various MS procedures, but its structure is not yet resolved. MS analysis is being done in collaboration with Professor R.R.W. Rickards of the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia. A homologue of the ap gene of D. melanogaster exists in the Medfly. LIM domains and the homeo-domain, important for the function of the D. melanogaster ap gene, are conserved here too. Attempts to clone the complete gene were unsuccessful. Due to the complexity of JH homologs, presence of related FR-7 in the biosynthetic products of Medfly CA and lack of reduction in eggs deposited in the presence of monooxygenase inhibitors, inhibition of epoxidases is not a feasible alternative to control Medfly reproduction, and raises questions which cannot be resolved within the current dogma of hormonal control of reproduction in Diptera. The Medfly ap gene has similar domains to the D. melanogaster ap gene. Although mutant ap genes are involved in JH deficiency, ap is a questionable candidate for an endocrine lesion, especially since the D. melanogoster gene functions is a transcription factor.
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McIntyre, Phillip, Susan Kerrigan, and Marion McCutcheon. Australian Cultural and Creative Activity: A Population and Hotspot Analysis: Albury-Wodonga. Queensland University of Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.206966.

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Albury-Wodonga, situated in Wiradjuri country, sits astride the Murray River and has benefitted in many ways from its almost equidistance from Sydney and Melbourne. It has found strength in the earlier push for decentralisation begun in early 1970s. A number of State and Federal agencies have ensured middle class professionals now call this region home. Light industry is a feature of Wodonga while Albury maintains the traditions and culture of its former life as part of the agricultural squattocracy. Both Local Councils are keen to work cooperatively to ensure the region is an attractive place to live signing an historical partnership agreement. The region’s road, rail, increasing air links and now digital infrastructure, keep it closely connected to events elsewhere. At the same time its distance from the metropolitan centres has meant it has had to ensure that its creative and cultural life has been taken into its own hands. The establishment of the sophisticated Murray Art Museum Albury (MAMA) as well as the presence of the LibraryMuseum, Hothouse Theatre, Fruit Fly Circus, The Cube, Arts Space and the development of Gateway Island on the Murray River as a cultural hub, as well as the high profile activities of its energetic, entrepreneurial and internationally savvy locals running many small businesses, events and festivals, ensures Albury Wodonga has a creative heart to add to its rural and regional activities.
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Gordon, Dalia, Ke Dong, and Michael Gurevitz. Unexpected Specificity of a Sea Anemone Small Toxin for Insect Na-channels and its Synergic Effects with Various Insecticidal Ligands: A New Model to Mimic. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7697114.bard.

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Motivated by the high risks to the environment and human health imposed by the current overuse of chemical insecticides we offer an alternative approach for the design of highly active insect-selective compounds that will be based on the ability of natural toxins to differentiate between insect and mammalian targets. We wish to unravel the interacting surfaces of insect selective toxins with their receptor sites on voltage-gated sodium channels. In this proposal we put forward two recent observations that may expedite the development of a new generation of insect killers that mimic the highly selective insecticidal toxins: (i) A small (27aa) highly insecticidal sea anemone toxin, Av3, whose toxicity to mammals is negligible; (ii) The prominent positive cooperativity between distinct channel ligands, such as the strong enhancement of pyrethroids effects by anti-insect selective scorpion depressant toxins. We possess a repertoire of insecticidal toxins and sodium channel subtypes all available in recombinant form for mutagenesis followed by analysis of various pharmacological, electrophysiological, and structural methods. Our recent success to express Av3 provides for the first time a selective toxin for receptor site-3 on insect sodium channels. In parallel, our recent success to determine the structures and bioactive surfaces of insecticidal site-3 and site-4 toxins establishes a suitable system for elucidation of toxin-receptor interacting faces. This is corroborated by our recent identification of channel residues involved with these two receptor sites. Our specific aims in this proposal are to (i) Determine the bioactive surface of Av3 toward insect Na-channels; (ii) Identify channel residues involved in binding or activity of the insecticidal toxins Av3 and LqhaIT, which differ substantially in their potency on mammals; (iii) Illuminate channel residues involved in recognition by the anti-insect depressant toxins; (iv) Determine the face of interaction of both site-3 (Av3) and site-4 (LqhIT2) toxins with insect sodium channels using thermodynamic mutant cycle analysis; and, (v) Examine whether Av3, LqhIT2, pyrethroids, and indoxacarb (belongs to a new generation of insecticides), enhance allosterically the action of one another on the fruit fly and cockroach paraNa-channels and on their kdr and super-kdr mutants. This research establishes the grounds for rational design of novel anti-insect peptidomimetics with minimal impact on human health, and offers a new approach in insect pest control, whereby a combination of allosterically interacting compounds increases insecticidal action and reduces risks of resistance buildup.
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Mizrach, Amos, Michal Mazor, Amots Hetzroni, Joseph Grinshpun, Richard Mankin, Dennis Shuman, Nancy Epsky, and Robert Heath. Male Song as a Tool for Trapping Female Medflies. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7586535.bard.

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This interdisciplinaray work combines expertise in engineering and entomology in Israel and the US, to develop an acoustic trap for mate-seeking female medflies. Medflies are among the world's most economically harmful pests, and monitoring and control efforts cost about $800 million each year in Israel and the US. Efficient traps are vitally important tools for medfly quarantine and pest management activities; they are needed for early detection, for predicting dispersal patterns and for estimating medfly abundance within infested regions. Early detection facilitates rapid response to invasions, in order to contain them. Prediction of dispersal patterns facilitates preemptive action, and estimates of the pests' abundance lead to quantification of medfly infestations and control efforts. Although olfactory attractants and traps exist for capturing male and mated female medflies, there are still no satisfactorily efficient means to attract and trap virgin and remating females (a significant and dangerous segment of the population). We proposed to explore the largely ignored mechanism of female attraction to male song that the flies use in courtship. The potential of such an approach is indicated by studies under this project. Our research involved the identification, isolation, and augmentation of the most attractive components of male medfly songs and the use of these components in the design and testing of traps incorporating acoustic lures. The project combined expertise in acoustic engineering and instrumentation, fruit fly behavior, and integrated pest management. The BARD support was provided for 1 year to enable proof-of-concept studies, aimed to determine: 1) whether mate-seeking female medflies are attracted to male songs; and 2) over what distance such attraction works. Male medfly calling song was recorded during courtship. Multiple acoustic components of male song were examined and tested for synergism with substrate vibrations produced by various surfaces, plates and loudspeakers, with natural and artificial sound playbacks. A speaker-funnel system was developed that focused the playback signal to reproduce as closely as possible the near-field spatial characteristics of the sounds produced by individual males. In initial studies, the system was tasted by observing the behavior of females while the speaker system played songs at various intensities. Through morning and early afternoon periods of peak sexual activity, virgin female medflies landed on a sheet of filter paper at the funnel outlet and stayed longer during broadcasting than during the silent part of the cycle. In later studies, females were captured on sticky paper at the funnel outlet. The mean capture rates were 67 and 44%, respectively, during sound emission and silent control periods. The findings confirmed that female trapping was improved if a male calling song was played. The second stage of the research focused on estimating the trapping range. Initial results indicated that the range possibly extended to 70 cm, but additional, verification tests remain to be conducted. Further studies are planned also to consider effects of combining acoustic and pheromonal cues.
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