Journal articles on the topic 'Fruit flies'
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Naganna, Repalle, D. M. Jethva, and U. Venu Gopal. "Evaluation of pheromone dispensers for eco-friendly management of mango fruit fly." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29 (2023): 450–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i03s.078.
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The fruit fly is a pest of quarantine importance and is difficult to manage. It has a great impact on agricultural and causes enormous damage to fruits and vegetables. For the management of mango fruit flies, the Methyl eugenol-based pheromone trap was used. The trap efficacy is most affected by different factors. Among them, the dispenser played a crucial role in attracting fruit flies. In this regard, our investigation on the evaluation of pheromone dispensers was carried out and the results revealed that all the treatments were attracted to the fruit flies. Though, significantly more fruit flies were captured in both the plywood block (418.26 fruit flies/trap/month), and softwood block (389.58 fruit flies/ trap/month), which were at par with each other. Whereas, the least fruit flies were captured in the coal block (225.55 fruit flies/trap/month). It can be concluded that the plywood and softwood block performed better in terms of the number of fruit flies captured in the field and these can be used as dispensers in fruit fly traps for the management of fruit flies.
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Gomina, Mondjonnesso, Atti Tchabi, Nafadjara Abouwaliou Nadio, Agbéko Kodjo Tounou, Isabelle Adolé Glitho, and Komla Sanda. "Cultivated and wild host plants associated with fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in three ecological zones of Togo." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 17, no. 3 (August 24, 2023): 787–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v17i3.4.
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Fruit flies are a major constraint on the production and marketing of fruits and vegetables in Togo. It is important to master the bioecology of fruits flies before setting up a method for managing their populations effectively, sustainably, at low cost and with regard for environment health. In this context, this study was carried out to evaluate interaction between fruit flies and their respective host plants. Fruits and vegetables were sampled in 2019 in ecological zones III, IV and V in Togo. Fruits and vegetables incubation allowed to identify 15 host plants associated with 8 species of fruit flies belonging to the genera Bactrocera, Ceratitis, Dacus and Zeugodacus. Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and Ceratitis cosyra (Walker) were the most abundant with respectively 47.51 and 46.03% of the 6858 flies recovered. The infestation rate of the mango by B. dorsalis ranged from 1.93 to 70.83 flies/kg of fruit. Among the 7 host plants associated with B. dorsalis, the mango was the most infested cultivated fruit and the African apple the most infested wild fruit (F = 3.077, df = 6, p = 0.008). This study expands the available database on the interactions between fruit flies and their hosts in Togo.
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Hamid, Saima, Pathania, S. S., Sofi, M. A., Bano, Parveena, Sushil Kumar, and Tamjeeda Nisar. "Screening of Cucurbits Germplasm for Antixenosis Basis of Resistance against Fruit Flies, Bactrocera spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae)." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 20 (September 28, 2023): 582–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i203842.
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Varietal screening of cucurbit germplasm for their relative resistance/ susceptibility against fruit flies, Bactrocera spp. infestation was done at field trial laid under All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Vegetables in the Vegetable Experimental Farm, Faculty of Horticulture, SKUAST-K, Shalimar during kharif season, 2021 in different cucurbit crops i.e. Bottle gourd, Bitter gourd, Ridge gourd, Muskmelon and Cucumber. Various antixenotic traits including pubescence on fruit, fruit shape, color of fruits, rind thickness, flesh thickness, fruit toughness, fruit length and diameter, depth and number of ribs were studied on fifty-four varieties/genotypes of different cucurbit crops to assess their relative resistance/susceptibility to fruit flies. The cucurbit genotypes with maximum rind thickness, Pubescence, fruit toughness had least fruit flies infestation; and had significant influence in imparting resistance against fruit flies; however, shape, size and color of the cucurbit fruits were not of much significance in conferring resistance to fruit flies infestation.
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Azizol Azeli, Nor Aminah, Salmah Mohamed, and Nur Athiqah Md.Yusof. "Assessment of Fruit Fly Infestation on Melon Manis Terengganu (Cucumis melo var. inodorus) at Different Fruit Ripening Stages." Journal Of Agrobiotechnology 13, no. 1S (September 29, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/jab.2022.13.1s.307.
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Cucumis melo var inodorus or known as Melon Manis Terengganu (MMT) is a new variety of rockmelon and has been developed and grown exclusively in Terengganu since 2015. However, pest infestations such as fruit flies have reduced melon production yields, and research on fruit flies is still poorly studied in this new variety. Therefore, this study was aimed to identify the fruit fly’s species infested MMT as well as to determine the infestation rate of fruit flies on MMT at different ripening stages. The infested MMT fruits were randomly collected for three consecutive weeks prior to harvest and each week was represented as unripe stage (Week 1), ripe stage (Week 2) and fully-ripe stage (Week 3). Each week, 10 fruit samples were brought to the laboratory and weighed individually before being placed in plastic containers. The fruits were reared until all larvae transformed into pupae for determination of infestation rates and emergence of adult fruit flies for species identification. A total of 232 of fruit flies adults emerged from 30 MMT fruit samples collected and all the flies were identified as Zeugodacus cucurbitae (previously known as Bactrocera cucurbitae). Unripe stage fruits recorded the highest infestation rate of fruit flies at 28.24 ± 18.58 pupae/kg and followed by ripe stage at 24.47 ± 8.17 pupae/kg. Whilst the fully-ripe stage had the lowest infestation rate of flies at 13.5 ± 5.07 pupae/kg. However, no significant difference (P>0.05) of infestation rate was recorded among the different fruit stages. This study contributes new information on the fruit fly’s species that attack MMT and its infestation rate. Hence, these findings are expected to help better management of MMT fruit flies in the future.
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Follett, Peter A., Fay E. M. Haynes, and Bernard C. Dominiak. "Host Suitability Index for Polyphagous Tephritid Fruit Flies." Journal of Economic Entomology 114, no. 3 (March 14, 2021): 1021–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab035.
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Abstract Tephritid fruit flies are major economic pests for fruit production and are an impediment to international trade. Different host fruits are known to vary in their suitability for fruit flies to complete their life cycle. Currently, international regulatory standards that define the likely legal host status for tephritid fruit flies categorize fruits as a natural host, a conditional host, or a nonhost. For those fruits that are natural or conditional hosts, infestation rate can vary as a spectrum ranging from highly attractive fruits supporting large numbers of fruit flies to very poor hosts supporting low numbers. Here, we propose a Host Suitability Index (HSI), which divides the host status of natural and conditional hosts into five categories based on the log infestation rate (number of flies per kilogram of fruit) ranging from very poor (<0.1), poor (0.1–1.0), moderately good (1.0–10.0), good (10–100), and very good (>100). Infestation rates may be determined by field sampling or cage infestation studies. We illustrate the concept of this index using 21 papers that examine the host status of fruits in five species of polyphagous fruit flies in the Pacific region: Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel), Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). This general-purpose index may be useful in developing systems approaches that rely on poor host status, for determining surveillance and detection protocols for potential incursions, and to guide the appropriate regulatory response during fruit fly outbreaks.
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Supratiwi, Rahayu, Rion Apriyadi, and Euis Asriani. "FRUIT FLIES (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) DIVERSITY IN HORTICULTURAL FARM OF MERAWANG SUB-DISTRICT, BANGKA DISTRICT, BANGKA BELITUNG ISLANDS." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 20, no. 1 (March 11, 2020): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.12061-70.
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Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are main pests in fruit and vegetable cultivation. There are 4000 species offruit flies in the world and 35% of them are important pests, including commercial fruits that have high economic value.Merawang District is one of the centers of horticultural production, especially fruits and vegetables. One of the threats to theproduction of horticultural commodities is the attack of fruit flies. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity,distribution, and types of fruit flies in horticultural crops in Merawang Sub-District, Bangka District. The research wasconducted in descriptive method, in this case, the survey method was also used. The sampling was done in purposivesampling method. In total, 1248 specimen of fruit flies were collected by using different attractant traps and identified. Themethyl eugenol (ME) and cue lure (CUE) attractants trapped 1076 and 172 specimens, respectively. The diversity of fruit fliesin Merawang Sub-District was relatively low, in total 9 species fruit flies were observed and identified as Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel), B. umbrosa (Fabricius), B. carambolae (Drew & Hancock), B. occipitalis (Bezzi), Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett),B. albistrigata (de Meijer), Z. caudata (Fabricius), B. limbifera (Bezzi), and Dacus nanggalae (Drew & Hancock). The speciesdominant observed at the study site were B. dorsalis (Hendel), B. carambolae (Drew & Hancock), and B. occipitalis (Bezzi).Air Anyir Village was the highest number of fruit flies species.
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SHARMA, RAKESH KUMAR, YOGESH KHOKHAR, and SANDEEP SINGH. "Management of fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) in guava (Psidium guajava) by pheromone traps." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 92, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v92i1.120821.
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Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is one of the most important commercial fruits grown in Punjab. Fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) are considered the key insect pest of guava causing yield losses and quality degradation during rainy season and thus decreasing fruit production. The present studies emphasis on ecofriendly management of fruitflies using the methyl eugenol pheromone traps (PAU traps) during 2017 and 2018. Fruit flies analysis by traps installation in guava orchard characterized high population of fruit flies (24.8–760.9) captured per trap per week (pooled mean of two years) in July to September. Population of fruit fly increased rapidly reaching its peak with weekly trap catches of 801.5 and 720.4 fruit flies/trap/week during the second week of August (32nd SMW) during 2017 and 2018 respectively, when the trees were at the maximum fruiting period. Maximum fruit infestation in control was observed in 34th and 35th SMW, i.e 67 and 81% as compared to 45 and 48% in treatment. The marketable fruits/ tree was 96 and 85 fruits/tree in treated plots as compared to 52 and 47 fruits/tree in untreated plots during 2017 and 2018 respectively. Mean fruit yield was 15.4 kg/tree and 12.6 kg/tree in treatment as compared to control with 8.8 kg/tree and 8.1 kg/tree during 2017 and 2019 respectively. There was significant increase in number of marketable fruits/tree and fruit yield. The results clearly depict that fruit fly traps offer one of the most effective method for the management of fruit flies especially in the rainy season.
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Seguni, ZuberiSingano. "EFFECT OF COMMUNITY BASED AREA-WIDE FRUIT FLY SUPPRESSION ON BACTROCERA DORSALIS POPULATION IN ORANGE ORCHARDS IN MUHEZA DISTRICT TANZANIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 9 (September 30, 2016): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i9.2016.2532.
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A community-based area wide fruit fly suppression exercise involving simultaneous application by farmers of methyl eugenol-mediated mass capture of males of Bactrocera dorsalis fruit fly, crop sanitation by burial of fallen fruits and SUCCESS bait (GF 121)spot application of citrus tree crowns, was undertaken in three villages in Muheza district, Tanga region north eastern Tanzania. Male fruit fly numbers in methyl eugenol traps dropped significantly following application of the treatments from 970 flies per trap per week before application of treatments in July 2011 to 100 and 46 flies six and nine months after treatments at Kwabada village; 200 flies per trap per week before to 34 and one flies after treatment at Kwemsaa village and from 800 flies before to 64 and 50 flies per trap per week during the same period at Mlingano village. However, a fall occurred also in untreated orchards indicating a possible spill-over effect of the treatments due to the large area covered. Moreover, the treated areas might have acted as a sink that drew fruit flies from neighbouring untreated orchards into it. The drastic fall in trapped males may be associated with the effect of the treatments in reducing the number of flies so that fewer were available to fly into the traps. The collective and simultaneous application by farmers of fruit fly suppression over a large crop area is a robust strategy to manage fruit flies in citrus and other fruits orchards such as mango. The results suggest that farmers can successfully implement area-wide fruit fly suppression in smallholder citrus systems.
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Bhoye, Shantaram. "Studies of Tomato Fruit Flies (Neoceratitis cyanescens): A Serious Pest on Tomato Crop." Chronicle of Aquatic Science 10, no. 01 (2024): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.61851/coas.v1i10.17.
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Tomato is a key food crop in India, grown in different states and producing different products. It is a rich source of vitamins, minerals and fiber and is used in a variety of dishes. However, it is threatened by various insect pests, including the serpentine leaf miner, fruit fly, mealybugs, red mites, thrips and whiteflies. Fruit flies, especially Neoceratitis cyanescens are the most serious pests of fruits and vegetables worldwide, causing millions of dollars in damage annually. These pests reduce tomato quality and cause abortion, with losses varying between 30-100% depending on the season. Fruit flies are more demanding on ripe tomato fruits than on young ones. Female flies deposit their eggs in the fruit using their ovipositor, causing the color to change. The adult larvae eat the flesh, making the fruits unfit for consumption. Larval development depends on host fruit nutrients, size, developmental period, and maturation time of adult flies.
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Rahayu, Siti Utari, Susilawati, Suharman, Herty Afrina Sianturi, Yosatria Juanka Sibarani, Fathurrahman Fathurrahman, Jacky Gunawan Manurung, and Ardiansyah Sembiring. "Fruit Fly Pest Control with Ultrasonic Waves and Modified Steiner Trap in Orange Orchard in Narigunung 1 Village, Karo Regency." ABDIMAS TALENTA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 6, no. 2 (December 13, 2021): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/abdimastalenta.v6i2.6097.
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Orange is one of the local fruits, which is a source of income for farmers in Narigunung 1 Village, Tiganderket District, Karo Regency. However, in recent years, many orange orchards have been attacked by the fruit fly pest of Bactrocera sp. (Diptera: Tephritidae), causing the oranges become rotten and fall. This resulted in losses for farmers; there are crop failures in some orchards, while the farmers had to pay off a large pesticide purchase. One of the effective ways to ward off the arrival of these fruit flies is by using ultrasonic waves. Based on a research, fruit flies will be disturbed if there are ultrasonic waves with a frequency of 25-30 KHz that work based on ambient temperatures above 18⁰C. In addition, to control the fruit fly population, this community service also used a modified steiner trap, employing methyl eugenol, which can stimulate male fruit flies to enter the trap. Both repellents and traps will be made at a height of where fruit flies are active around the orange tree. With this control system, the orange orchard will be free from fruit flies so that farmers will no longer experience losses; besides, ecological trapping of fruit flies will reduce the population of fruit flies around Narigunung 1 Village, Karo Regency.
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McBride, Gail. "FIGHTING FRUIT FLIES." Neurology Today 2, no. 1 (January 2002): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00132985-200201000-00005.
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Radonjić, Sanja, Snježana Hrnčić, and Tatjana Perović. "Overview of fruit flies important for fruit production on the Montenegro seacoast." BASE, no. 1 (2019): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.17776.
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Description of the subject. Fruit flies are a large group of pests belonging to the order Diptera. The family Tephritidae is one of two fly families referred to as “fruit flies”. Tephritidae (true fruit flies) represent one of the largest families of flies and are part of a group of the most destructive agricultural pests in the world, attacking a wide range of fruits and fleshy vegetables. The other fruit fly family is the Drosophilidae, often called “vinegar flies”. There are also fly species from other Diptera families that attack the fruits of agricultural crops. Objectives. Due to its favorable geographic position and Mediterranean climate, the Montenegro seacoast is suited to fruit and vegetable production. The aim of this study was to make an inventory of the fruit fly species affecting fruit crops on the Montenegro seacoast. Method. The study area was 300 km along the Montenegro coast. Different types of traps (lure attractants, pheromone, and yellow sticky traps) were used for the monitoring, detection and recording of the spread of fruit flies in the area. Results. From an economic point of view, the most important species of fruit flies recorded were the Bactrocera oleae Gmel. and Ceratitis capitata Wiedem. Rhagoletis cerasi L. and Carpomya vesuviana Costa were also found to be present. Although several specimens of Rhagoletis cingulata Loew were detected in 2013-2014, this species has not, to date, been considered as established in the area of study. After the first detection of Drosophila suzukii Matsumura in 2013, this fruit fly was found to spread rapidly, and its presence is now observed along the whole Montenegro seacoast. One of the fruit fly species recorded, Silba adipata McAlpine, is considered to be one of the most destructive pests for fig production in Montenegro. Conclusions. Of seven species recorded in the study, five belonged to the family Tephritidae, and one each to Drosophilidae and Lonchaeidae.
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Dhafir, Fatmah, and Manap Trianto. "Frugivorous Flies on Bitter Gourd Fruit in Parigi Moutong Regency." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 23, no. 1 (November 7, 2023): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v23i4b.5854.
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In Indonesia, many people eat pariah as a vegetable. This plant can not only be consumed as a vegetable, but can also be used for medical purposes. Sample collection was carried out using purposive sampling technique. Samples taken were pariah fruits suspected of being infested by frugivorous fly pests. Sampling was done once in four different fields for each commodity. There were five types of frugivorous flies found on peria fruit, namely Z. cucurbitae, Z. calumniatus, Z. tau, A. Orientalis, and flies of the family Lonchaeidae species Silba sp. The highest proportion of flies found from peria fruit was Z. cucurbitae. The highest single percentage infestation of flies on peria fruit was A. orientalis. A. orientalis has the potential to infest fruit singly on peria fruit because it has the highest percentage of single infestation compared to other frugivorous flies. Parasitoids found were Psyttalia sp. and Fopius arisanus. Further research needs to be done on the single infestation of A. orientalis and Lonchaeidae, especially on peria fruit by inserting the flies into caged fruit at different maturity levels and varieties, so that it can be proven whether A. orientalis and Lonchaeidae can infest fruit singly on peria fruit and cucumber and how to control them so that the population level can be suppressed.
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Aryuwandari, Valentina E. F., Y. Andi Trisyono, Suputa Suputa, Stefano De Faveri, and Shanmugam Vijaysegaran. "Survey of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) from 23 Species of Fruits Collected in Sleman, Yogyakarta." Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 24, no. 2 (December 2, 2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpti.57634.
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Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are major pests of fruits and vegetables in many countries, including Indonesia. Knowledge of the fruit fly host range in a specific area is an important part of the area-wide pest management program to reduce the pest problem. The aim of this study was to extend and update the information on the host range of fruit flies in the Regency of Sleman, Yogyakarta. This area is one of the centers of fruit production, particularly snake fruit in Indonesia. Fruit sampling was conducted from August 2019 to February 2020 in four sub-districts in Sleman consisting of different types of agro-ecosystems. Fruit rearing was carried out in the laboratory followed by identification of the fruit and fruit flies that emerged to species level. From the 23 species of fruits belonging to 14 different families that were collected, the following 6 species of fruit flies emerged: Bactrocera dorsalis, B. carambolae, B. umbrosa, B. albistrigata, B. mcgregori, and Zeugodacus cucurbitae. Bactrocera dorsalis and B. carambolae utilized the widest range of hosts, 12 and 11 species of fruits, respectively. Syzygium cumini, Malpighia emarginata, and Phaleria macrocarpa were recorded for the first time as new hosts of B. carambolae in Indonesia. Additional data of B. dorsalis and B. carambolae infesting salak cv. pondoh is also reported.
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Susanto, Agus, Wahyu Daradjat Natawigena, Luciana Djaya, Tohidin Tohidin, and Fauza Saputra. "The Effect of Methyl Eugenol Block Plus on Bactrocera dorsalis Complex Total Captured in Chili Plantation." Jurnal Biodjati 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/biodjati.v6i1.9708.
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Fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) are an important pest for horticultural crops, especially fruits and vegetables. One of the most effective and eco-friendly methods to control male and female fruit flies is by usingtraps that use Methyl Eugenol (ME) block plus fruit essence as an attractant. The purposes of this research were to acquire the most effective formulation of ME Block plus fruit essence to catch the most male and female fruit flies on the chili plantation and to detremine the increase in total of fruit flies caught. This research started from December 2017 to January 2018 at Cibeureum Village, Sukamantri District, Ciamis Regency, West Java Province. The research was conducted using a randomized block design consisting of 8 treatments and 3 repetitions. The treatments consisted of adding fruit essence to the ME block: 2 ml of ME on cotton; 2 ml of ME block; 2 ml of ME block + 4 ml of mango essence; 2 ml of ME block + 4 ml of orange essence; 2 ml of ME block + 4 ml of guava essence; 2 ml of ME block + 4 ml of star fruit essence; 2 ml of ME block + 4 ml of chili essence; Antilat (Organic pesticide) as a comparison. The results showed that ME block plus fruit essence has increased the total of male fruit flies caught, but it did not attract female fruit flies. The best combinations with the highest average of male fruit flies caught were ME block plus orange essence with 750.67/5 week, followed by ME block plus chili essence with 746.00/5 week
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Salazar-Mendoza, Paolo, Ivan Peralta-Aragón, Ladislao Romero-Rivas, Jordano Salamanca, and Cesar Rodriguez-Saona. "The abundance and diversity of fruit flies and their parasitoids change with elevation in guava orchards in a tropical Andean forest of Peru, independent of seasonality." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 26, 2021): e0250731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250731.
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Lower elevations are generally thought to contain a greater abundance and diversity of insect communities and their natural enemies than higher elevations. It is less clear, however, how changes in seasons influence this pattern. We conducted a 2-year study (2013‒2014) in guava orchards located in a tropical Andean forest of Peru to investigate differences in fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and their parasitoid communities at two elevations and over two seasons. Fruit fly traps were installed, monitored, and guava fruits were sampled from eight orchards at low (800–950 m above sea level) and high (1,700–1,900 m above sea level) elevations and during the dry and rainy seasons. At each orchard, adult fruit fly trap captures and emergence of fruit flies and their parasitoids from guava fruit were quantified to determine their abundance and species composition. There was a greater abundance and species richness of fruit flies captured in traps at lower elevations, as well as higher abundance and species evenness of fruit flies that emerged from fruit, indicating that lower elevations are associated with larger fruit fly populations. The abundance, species richness and diversity of parasitoids were also greater at lower elevations. Consequently, guava fruit infestation and fruit fly parasitism rates were also greater at lower elevations. Seasonality also influenced fruit fly populations with a greater number of flies emerging from guava fruit and more fruit infested in the rainy season. However, seasonality had no effect on parasitoid population parameters or rate of parasitism, nor did it interact with elevation as an influence of populations of fruit flies or their parasitoids in guava orchards. This study highlights the importance of examining both elevation and seasonality for a better understanding of the population dynamics of fruit flies and their parasitoids in tropical agroecosystems.
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Pangihutan, Josua Crystovel, Danar Dono, and Yusup Hidayat. "The potency of minerals to reduce oriental fruit fly infestation in chili fruits." PeerJ 10 (April 14, 2022): e13198. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13198.
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Introductions In many areas, particularly in Asia, the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) causes considerable fruit damage on various plants. The fruit fly causes significant economic losses every year due to reduced fruit quantity and quality as well as export restrictions. This study aimed to examine the potency of minerals in controlling the oriental fruit fly infestation in chili fruits. Methods Experiments were conducted under laboratory and semi-field conditions using randomized block design. Ten minerals (i.e. kaolin, talc, zinc oxide, bentonite, sulfur, dolomite, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and zeolite) and an untreated control were tested under laboratory conditions. Twenty chili fruits at a green stage were soaked in each mineral suspension (2%, w/v), air-dried, and placed in a trial cage (23-L plastic container) containing 20 female oriental fruit flies. In a semi-field bioassay using a screen cage (100 cm × 70 cm × 120 cm), 20 female oriental fruit flies were exposed to a fruit-bearing chili plant sprayed with mineral suspension. Results Talc and calcium oxide significantly reduced the numbers of visiting fruit flies, oviposition holes, and eggs laid, as well as the percentage of infested chili fruits in a laboratory bioassay. Calcium hydroxide was substantially better than talc in controlling fruit fly infestation in a semi-field bioassay, although it was not significantly different from calcium oxide and calcium carbonate. Conclusion Overall, calcium oxide is a viable option for the long-term control of the oriental fruit fly on chili fruits. Calcium oxide could be utilized as the push component of a push-pull strategy to manage oriental fruit fly infestation in chili fruits because of its potential to inhibit the number of visiting fruit flies and oviposition.
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Sela, Shlomo, David Nestel, Riky Pinto, Esther Nemny-Lavy, and Moshe Bar-Joseph. "Mediterranean Fruit Fly as a Potential Vector of Bacterial Pathogens." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 7 (July 2005): 4052–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.7.4052-4056.2005.
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ABSTRACT The Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) is a cosmopolitan pest of hundreds of species of commercial and wild fruits. It is considered a major economic pest of commercial fruits in the world. Adult Mediterranean fruit flies feed on all sorts of protein sources, including animal excreta, in order to develop eggs. After reaching sexual maturity and copulating, female flies lay eggs in fruit by puncturing the skin with their ovipositors and injecting batches of eggs into the wounds. In view of the increase in food-borne illnesses associated with consumption of fresh produce and unpasteurized fruit juices, we investigated the potential of Mediterranean fruit fly to serve as a vector for transmission of human pathogens to fruits. Addition of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Escherichia coli to a Mediterranean fruit fly feeding solution resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the fly's bacterial load. Flies exposed to fecal material enriched with GFP-tagged E. coli were similarly contaminated and were capable of transmitting E. coli to intact apples in a cage model system. Washing contaminated apples with tap water did not eliminate the E. coli. Flies inoculated with E. coli harbored the bacteria for up to 7 days following contamination. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that the majority of fluorescent bacteria were confined along the pseudotrachea in the labelum edge of the fly proboscis. Wild flies captured at various geographic locations were found to carry coliforms, and in some cases presumptive identification of E. coli was made. These findings support the hypothesis that the common Mediterranean fruit fly is a potential vector of human pathogens to fruits.
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Novotny, Vojtech, Anthony R. Clarke, Richard A. I. Drew, Solomon Balagawi, and Barbara Clifford. "Host specialization and species richness of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a New Guinea rain forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 21, no. 1 (January 2005): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467404002044.
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Frugivorous dacine fruit flies were studied in a lowland tropical rain forest in Papua New Guinea to determine their host specificity, abundance, and the number of species attacking various plant species. Plant species hosted 0–3 fruit fly species at median (1–3 quartile) densities of 1 (0–17) fruit flies per 100 fruits. Fruit flies were mostly specialized to a single plant family (83% species) and within each family to a single genus (88% species), while most of the species (66%) were able to feed on >1 congeneric plant species. Only 30 from the 53 studied plant species were colonized by fruit flies. The plant–fruit fly food web, including these 30 plant species and the total of 29 fruit fly species feeding on them, was divided into 14 compartments, each including 1–8 plant species hosting mutually disjunct assemblages of fruit flies. This structure minimizes indirect interactions among plant species via shared herbivores. The local species pool was estimated at 152±32 (±SE) fruit fly species. Forty per cent of all taxonomically described species known from Papua New Guinea were reared or trapped in our study area. Such a high proportion indicates low beta-diversity of fruit flies. Steiner traps were highly efficient in sampling the lure-responsive fruit fly species as they re-collected 84% of all species trapped in the same area 5 y before. Fruit fly monitoring by these traps is a cheap, simple and efficient method for the study of spatial and temporal changes in rain-forest communities.
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Elsanosy, Hythum A., Amani M. KhairAbbas, Faiza M. A. Magid, and Abubaker H. M. Adam. "Management of Fruit Flies Using Environmentally Safer Pesticide (Spinosad) in Shendi, Sudan." Journal of Agronomy Research 3, no. 1 (May 25, 2020): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2639-3166.jar-20-3246.
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The fruit flies of familyTephritidae are considered as serious pests of Mango in Sudan. They cause substantial damage to Mango in all Mango production areas. The application of various pesticides appeared to be ineffective. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of Spinosad as new promising control measure to the fruit flies. This study was carried out at Shendi area, River Nile State during the period from April 2012 to August 2014, where Pheromone and food bait traps were used for detection and monitoring the fruit flies species in the study area. Spinosad (0.24g\L) was applied as a partial spraying pesticide. Results indicated that; the application of Spinosad highly decreased the fruit flies numbers. The average number of fruit flies collected in April was (947.22 and 1001.67) for the treated and untreated orchards respectively. The numbers of fruit flies in the treated orchards had decreased gradually during May, June, July and August, 904.7, 760.22, 609.6 and 452.7, respectively, but in untreated orchards for the same months had increased to 1003.67, 1103.67, 1336.67and 1468.67 respectively. However, the infestation level in mango fruits in the treated orchards was found to be 2% compared with 64% for untreated one.
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Handaru, Oka Dwi, Witjaksono Witjaksono, and Edhi Martono. "Study on the Attractiveness of Fruit Flies Bactrocera spp. to Mango Fruit’s Extract." Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 23, no. 2 (December 3, 2019): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpti.35315.
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Fruit fly (Bactrocera spp.) is a global major pest species of the fruit export and import activities. The controlling and monitoring strategies based on the ecology of fruit flies were expected to overcome the problem of fruit flies. The study on the attractant compound of fruit flies from mango extract may provide an alternative to control and to monitor fruit flies, both male or female. This research was aimed to determine the strength of attractiveness (number and type of species) and durability (day) on mango extract which could attract fruit flies. The experiment was conducted in mango plantation in Sragen Regency using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five different locations for setting up the trap, each location consisted of nine treatments. The parameter observations were the number of trapped-fruit flies, the sex of fruit flies, the type of species fruit flies, and the durability of mango extract. The results revealed that mango extract could attract the male and female fruit flies with mechanism through the presence of nutrition and oviposition site. Extract of raw Pakel mango had a good ability to attract fruit flies, either male or female of B. carambolae and B. papaya, and male of B. albistrigata with a total of 15 flies per trap in one week.
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Ebi, C. "Effectiveness of Selected Parapheromones for Mass Trapping of Mango Fruit Fly, Ceratitis cosyra Walker and Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Mango." Nigerian Journal of Entomology 36, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.41.
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Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is an important fruit crop in Nigeria. It is a source of essential vitamins and is also cultivated for its nutritional, medicinal and industrial uses. Fruit flies infest various commercial fruit crops and cause economic damage. Mass trapping and male annihilation technique (MAT) has been the most useful and common means of controlling fruit flies with special focus on Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae) on mangoes. The study evaluated the effectiveness of four types of parapheromones namely, methyl eugenol (liquid and solid forms), cuelure, terpinyl acetate and trimedlure for mass trapping of fruit flies on Mango. Modified Lynfield traps containing the parapheromones were randomly set on the mango orchards in three replicates in Nigeria Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT) orchard, Okigwe, Imo state, Southeast Nigeria. This study was conducted during the mango fruiting period of 2019 season, when the density of fruit flies peaked. Effect of parapheromones on mean number of damaged dropped fruits was also evaluated. The mean population of B. dorsalis and Ceratitis cosyra was significantly higher (P>0.05) in liquid methyl eugenol traps when compared to other parapheromones. Bactrocera dorsalis recorded more than 90% of the fruit flies that were trapped especially in the first 3 weeks of trapping. In orchard I, Liquid methyl eugenol significantly (P<0.05) trapped highest number of B. dorsalis (270.20) in week I and similar trends were observed in orchard II. There was steady decline in damaged dropped mango fruits as the study progressed (Fig. 1 and 2). Use of liquid methyl eugenol was most effective in trapping B. dorsalis and C. cosyra, and it can be incorporated in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programmes for the control of fruit flies.
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Sari, Putri Mustika, Darma Bakti, and Maryani Cyccu Tobing. "THE DIVERSITY Of FRUIT FLIES IN RED GUAVA CROPS AND PARASITOID PARASITIZATION LEVEL IN DISTRICT DELI SERDANG." Journal of Community Research and Service 1, no. 2 (March 28, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jcrs.v1i2.9331.
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AbstractMorphological and Molecular of Identification Bactrocera sp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) in 5 Location of Red Guava Crops District Deli Serdang. Fruit flies are a concern in the world because they are an important pest in fruits. Seven species of fruit flies (Bactrocera carambolae, Bactrocera papayae, Bactrocera curcubitae, Bactrocera caudata, Bactrocera albistrigata, Bactrocera tau, Bactrocera umbrosa) have been identified from the morphological identification of fruit flies in LIPI. The fruit fly is obtained from trapping with methyl eugenol, cocoa waste processing, and a mixture of both. Found 2 species of parasitoid (Psytallia sp. near Walker; Psytallia sp. near Walkeri) from the rearing of fruit that was attacked at five locations of red guava plantation district Deli Serdang.Keywords : Bactrocera spp., morphology, atractant, parasitoid
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Sudiarta, I. Putu, Dwi Martiningsia, and I. Nyoman Wijaya. "MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF EXOTIC FRUIT FLY Bactrocera occipitalis (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) USING MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME OXIDASE I (COI) GENE." International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology 6, no. 1 (December 4, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ijbb.2018.v06.i01.p03.
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Some of fruit flies have been reported as the important pest on fruits and vegetables in the world. Agricultural Quarantine Agency Denpasar reported that there was new coming species (exotic) of fruit flies in Bali in 2014 based on the morphological identification, namely Bactrocera occipitalis. However Bactrocera dorsalis complex have similar morphological characters and have a less distinctive character for taxonomic identification, therefore it is difficult to identify fruit flies accurately. Based on that phenomena, the accurate identification is needed. One of the more accurate identification techniques is based on molecular identification using DNA-based barcode. To identify fruit flies, DNA-based barcode using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene has been conducted. PCR analysis using Fruit Fly MT-CO1-F (FFMT-CO1-F) 5’-GGAGCATTAATYGGRGAYG-3’ as forward primer and HCO 5’-TAAACTTCAGGGTGACCAAAAATCA-3’ as reverse primer was successfully amplified around 600 bp of COI gene of fruit flies. Based on similarity of sequence product, the species was identifiedas Bactrocera occipitalis and same result was revealed using morphological identification. Phylogenetic analysis of B. occipitalis based on COI genes showed that B. occipitalis from Bali were in the same groups with Bactrocera species from Tarakan and Philippines. In addition, Bactrocera occipitalis as exotic fruit fly is a new report in Bali, Indonesia.
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Cha, Dong H., Dominick Skabeikis, Bong-Soo Kim, Jana C. Lee, and Man-yeon Choi. "Insecticidal Properties of Erythritol on Four Tropical Tephritid Fruit Flies, Zeugodacus cucurbitae, Ceratitis capitata, Bactrocera dorsalis, and B. latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Insects 14, no. 5 (May 16, 2023): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14050472.
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Tephritid fruit flies are among the most destructive agricultural pests of fruits and vegetables worldwide and can impose trade barriers against the movement of fresh tropical commodities. Primary pre-harvest control methods for these flies rely on the spraying of conventional chemical insecticides or bait sprays. However, resistance to these control methods has been reported in fruit flies. Erythritol is a non-nutritive sugar alternative for human consumption, which has been tested and confirmed for its insecticidal properties against various insect pest species. In this study, using laboratory bioassays, we evaluated the insecticidal effect of erythritol alone or various erythritol formulations containing sucrose and/or protein on four tropical fruit fly species established in Hawaii (e.g., melon fly, Mediterranean fruit fly, oriental fruit fly, and Malaysian fruit fly). In addition, the effects of other non-nutritive hexose and pentose sugar alcohols, such as sorbitol, mannitol, and xylitol, were tested. Among the different standalone and combinatory treatments tested, 1M erythritol and a combinatory formulation of 2M erythritol + 0.5M sucrose appeared to be the most detrimental to the survival of all four species of tested flies, suggesting the potential of using erythritol as a non-toxic management tool for the control of tropical tephritid fruit flies.
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Budiyani, Ni Komang, and I. Wayan Sukasana. "PENGENDALIAN SERANGAN HAMA LALAT BUAH PADA INTENSITAS KERUSAKAN BUAH CABAI RAWIT (Capsicum frutescens L) DENGAN BAHAN PETROGENOL." AGRICA 13, no. 1 (May 4, 2020): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37478/agr.v13i1.279.
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Abstrack
Cayenne pepper is a horticulture plant (vegetable) where the fruit is used for various food purposes. The decrease of the chilly yields productivity caused by several factors including the use of varieties with low yields and the attack of Plant Pests (OPT). Pests that often attack chili plants are fruit flies. Petrogenol could be used to control this pest.The method used was a randomized block design with 7 treatments and 3 replications by comparing the dose of petrogenol.
The results showed that the D3 treatment showed the best parameters in the use of petrogenol doses in controlling fruit fly pests, in the parameters of healthy fruits, damaged fruit, insect catches, and damage intensity. The use of high doses of petrogenol can influence the trapping of fruit flies and as the control of fruit fly attacks
Keywords : Fruit flies, cayenne pepper and petrogenol
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Ono, Hajime, Alvin Kah-Wei Hee, and Hongbo Jiang. "Recent Advancements in Studies on Chemosensory Mechanisms Underlying Detection of Semiochemicals in Dacini Fruit Flies of Economic Importance (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Insects 12, no. 2 (January 26, 2021): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12020106.
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Dacini fruit flies mainly contain two genera, Bactrocera and Zeugodacus, and include many important pests of fruits and vegetables. Their life cycle is affected by various environmental cues. Among them, multiple characteristic semiochemicals have remarkable effects on their reproductive and host-finding behaviors. Notably, floral fragrances released from so-called fruit fly orchids strongly attract males of several Dacini fruit fly species. Focusing on the strong attraction of male flies to particular chemicals, natural and synthetic lures have been used for pest management. Thus, the perception of semiochemicals is important to understand environmental adaptation in Dacini fruit flies. Since next-generation sequencers are available, a large number of chemosensory-related genes have been identified in Dacini fruit flies, as well as other insects. Furthermore, recent studies have succeeded in the functional analyses of olfactory receptors in response to semiochemicals. Thus, characterization of molecular components required for chemoreception is under way. However, the mechanisms underlying chemoreception remain largely unknown. This paper reviews recent findings on peripheral mechanisms in the perception of odors in Dacini fruit flies, describing related studies in other dipteran species, mainly the model insect Drosophilamelanogaster. Based on the review, important themes for future research have also been discussed.
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Sahetapy, B., JA Leatemia, ED Masauna, N. Goo, and T. J. K. Lumbantoruan. "Utilization of methyl eugenol bait traps on fruit flies (Bactrocera spp) (Diptera: Tephritidae) caught at dusung of fruits in Ambon Island." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1192, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1192/1/012022.
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Abstract Fruit fly (Bactrocera sp) is one of the most harmful pests in fruit cultivation. This pest is detrimental because it directly attacks agricultural products, namely fruit produced by plants. Methyl eugenol is an insect-attractant compound, especially for male fruit flies. This study was carried out from May to October 2022 to determine the number of fruit flies caught using methyl eugenol bait traps at dusung of fruits in four villages namely Allang, Suli, Hutumuri, and Soya in Ambon Island. In each village, 1 dusung was chosen and 5 observation plots measuring 10 m × 20 m each were put diagonally. A bait trap using methyl eugenol on cotton was placed in a 600 ml mineral water bottle. Two bait traps were placed in each observation plot. Totally, there were 825 individuals of fruit flies belonging to three species, namely Bactrocera carambolae B. dorsalis and B. umbrosa caught during the study. The highest number of individuals was caught in Suli village, while the lowest was caught in Soya village. Based on species of fruit flies, B. carambolae had the highest number of individuals, followed by B. dorsalis and then B. umbrosa.
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Marx, Vivien. "Metabolism: feeding fruit flies." Nature Methods 12, no. 7 (June 30, 2015): 609–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.3443.
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Marshall, K. "FRUIT FLIES ON ICE." Journal of Experimental Biology 215, no. 13 (June 6, 2012): v—vi. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.064238.
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Fletcher, Mary T., and William Kitching. "Chemistry of fruit flies." Chemical Reviews 95, no. 4 (June 1995): 789–828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr00036a001.
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Harrington, Monica. "Fruit flies in space." Lab Animal 43, no. 1 (December 19, 2013): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/laban.451.
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Strong-Gunderson, Janet M. "Flight-Testing Fruit Flies." Scientific American 266, no. 3 (March 1993): 144–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0393-144.
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Le Bras, Alexandra. "Fruit flies can count." Lab Animal 52, no. 9 (August 29, 2023): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41684-023-01242-w.
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Fazia, Cut zarra, Hasnah Hasnah, and Jauharlina Jauharlina. "IDENTIFIKASI DAN KERAGAMAN LALAT BUAH (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) PADA JERUK LEMON DIKECAMATAN LEMBAH SEULAWAH KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 2, no. 3 (April 7, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v2i3.4092.
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Lalat buah (Diptera: Tephritidae) merupakan hama yang penting pada berbagai tanaman pertanian. Kehilangan hasil yang diakibatkan oleh serangga hama lalat buah berkisar antara 30-100%. Informasi tentang keberadaan jenis- jenis lalat buah yang ada di suatu daerah perlu diketahui dan dilaporkan sebagai langkah awal pengendalian, misalnya jenis lalat buah pada buah jeruk lemon yang dibudidayakan di Aceh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman dan kelimpahan populasi lalat buah yang menyerang pertanaman jeruk lemon yang dibudidayakan secara monokultur dan polikultur. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Teladan Kecamatan Lembah Seulawah Kabupaten Aceh Besar dan dilanjutkan dengan indentifikasi lalat buah di Laboratorium Ilmu Hama Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan Desember 2016- Mei 2017. Hasil identifikasi lalat buah yang menyerang jeruk lemon yang dibudidayakan secara monokultur dan polikultur adalah lalat buah dari genus Bactrocera. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan ada 8 spesies lalat buah yaitu: B. dorsalis, B. papaya, B. carambolae, B. sp 1, B. sp 2, B. sp 3, B. sp 4, B. sp 5. Indeks keragaman lalat buah pada lahan monokultur dan polikultur pada pertanaman jeruk lemon tergolong tidak stabil 0.60. Spesies lalat buah yang paling dominan pada pertanaman jeruk lemon adalah B. dorsalis. DIVERSITY OF FRUIT FLIES (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) ON LEMON PLANTATION IN LEMBAH SEULAWAH DISTRICT ACEH BESAR REGENCY Fruit flies (Diptera:Tephritidae) is an important pest in agriculture. Yield loss caused by the fruit flies ranging between 30-100%. Information about the existance of many species of fruit flies in an area needs to be studied and reported as a precaution. This study was aimed at determining the diversity and abundance of fruit flies that attack lemons in monoculture and policulture cultivation. The research was conducted in the Teladan village Seulawah valley district, Aceh Besar regency. Identification of fruit flies was done in plant pest laboratory in Faculty of Agriculture Syiah Kuala University. The study was conducted from December 2016 until May 2017. The fruit flies that found on lemon plantation both in monokultur and polikulture cultivated were the species of Genus Bactrocera. Further identification showed that were 8 species of fruit flies found in the lemon fruits, which are: B. dorsalis, B. papaya, B. carambolae, B. sp 1, B. sp 2, B. sp 3, B. sp 4, B. sp 5. The diversity index (H') of fruit flies both monoculture and policulture are unstable (0.60). The most abundance species of fruit flies on lemon is B. dorsalis compared to the their species found.
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Balayara, Assa, Carlyle C. Brewster, Larry J. Vaughan, and Douglas G. Pfeiffer. "Foliar, Fruit, and Soil-Applied Organic Insecticides for Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae), in Senegalese Mangoes." Plant Health Progress 20, no. 3 (January 1, 2019): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-10-18-0061-rs.
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Since its invasion in Senegal (West Africa) in 2004, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, the oriental fruit fly, has caused loss of production of mango and other commercial fruits. The use of neem products (oil, cake, and seed powder) and kaolin may be an alternative to synthetic insecticides for controlling adult flies and larval-pupal stages and may contribute to integrated pest management tactics. In the laboratory, neem oil-treated fruit had the same number of landings and time spent on treated fruit as the control but showed reduced pupal development. Females selected kaolin-treated fruits for landing less often, with reduced pupal development. Soil treatment with neem cake and neem seed powder reduced pupal survival. In the field, neem treatment had a greater number of infested fruits and greater pupal development than the control, but fewer flies emerged. Kaolin was not different from the control in percent of infested fruits or pupal development, but fewer flies emerged. Neem cake and neem seed powder were found to lose efficacy in the field.
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Gede Swibawa, I., F. X. Susilo, Indra Murti, and Esti Ristiyani. "SERANGAN DACUS CUCURBITAE ( DIPTERA: TRYPETIDAE) PADA BUAH MENTIMUN DAN PARE YANG DIBUNGKUS PADA SAAT PENTIL." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 3, no. 2 (September 3, 2003): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.2343-46.
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Dacus cucurbitae ( Diptera: Trypetidae) attacks on cucumber and peria fruits wrapped at cherelle stage. The fruit flies were important pests of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) and peria (Memordica charantia L.). The flies attacked fruits by laying egg on the fruit surface and their developing immatures caused serious damages from the inside. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of the fruit wrapping at cherelle stage on fruit fly infestation on cucumber or peria fruits. The experiment was conducted in villages of Terbanggi Besar (Central Lampung) and Jati Agung (South Lampung) during October—November 2001. A set of cherelle stage fruits, i.e. those just shed off their florescence, were wrapped using plastic bags while another set of adjacent fruits were left unwrapped. Fruits (treated or untreated) were taken soon after they fell off or at their normal harvest time, whichever came first, then were weighed and incubated in the laboratory to observe the fruit fly emergence. The results showed that fruit wrapping significantly reduced the fruit fly infestation and suppressed the fruit fly population on cucumber or peria fruits. The wrapped fruits weighed more than unwrapped fruits
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Aurora, Msy Elsa Mayori, and Ika Oksi Susilawati. "Monohibridization with Different Media Treatments on Fruit Flies (Drosophila melanogaster)." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 20, no. 2 (July 27, 2020): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v20i2.1895.
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Drosophilla melanogaster is a modern experimental organism in the field of genetics because it has different phenotypic characters and looks real, easy to get, cheap (can be bred in bottles containing only fermented banana media) and has a breeding time that is not too long (2 weeks with maturation time) initial sexual ie 7 hours after exiting the pupa). This study aims to differentiate male and female fruit flies, create growth media for fruit fly culture and observe the phenotype ratio of F1 monohibrid crosses. The method used is the crossing of fruit flies by inserting male fruit flies and female fruit flies into a jam jar containing the medium using fermipan and not using fermipan. The phenotype and sex of fruit flies are formed from crossing of fruit flies. The results obtained in the form of fruit flies at most can grow on agar media and added corn flour with yeast. The medium needed by fruit flies to grow is a medium rich in protein and not much water dense. The media with corn flour is strong enough to resist thawing caused by larval activity, so that many larvae are found. Based on these conclusions, it can be continued observation of the fruit fly's politen chromosome in the next research.
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Tunupopo, Fa'alelei, Fai'ilagi Sa'ili, Lisa E. Jamieson, and Samuel D. J. Brown. "Development of heat treatments for two species of Samoan fruit flies (Bactrocera spp., Diptera: Tephritidae)." New Zealand Plant Protection 72 (July 26, 2019): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2019.72.313.
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Of the seven species of Bactrocera fruit flies found in Samoa, only two (B. kirki (Froggatt) and B. xanthodes (Broun)) are of economic importance. These species attack a range of fruit, including papaya (Carica papaya), breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), eggplants (Solanum melongena) and citrus. The presence of these two species limits export market access for Samoan produce. Eggplants and breadfruit infested with the eggs of B. kirki and B. xanthodes, respectively, were treated using a high-temperature forced-air (HTFA) protocol to heat the fruits to core temperatures of 40oC, 42oC, 44oC or 46oC. No B. xanthodes pupae emerged from fruit treated at 42oC or greater. Pupae of B. kirki were found from fruit treated at temperatures up to 44oC, but failed to survive treatments at 46oC. The HTFA protocol previously approved for treatment of other Pacific fruit flies (fruit core temperature to 47.2oC for 20 min) works without modification for treatment of the two combinations of fruit flies and commodities tested. However, less intense HTFA treatments are worth investigating, if required to enhance fruit quality.
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Glazer, Michele. "Fruit Flies to the Too Ripe Fruit." College English 55, no. 8 (December 1993): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/378786.
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Susanto, Agus, Sudrajat Sudrajat, Endah Yulia, Agus Dana Permana, Aries Gunawan, and Dwi Harya Yudistira. "Effectiveness of Modified Traps for Protection Against Fruit Flies on Mango." Jurnal Biodjati 5, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/biodjati.v5i1.7926.
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Mango is one of the primary fruit export commodities in Indonesia. The productivity of mango can be increased by controlling the pest population, including fruit flies Bactrocera spp. Various efforts to control the population of fruit flies have been carried out, either by implementing traditional methods or by using synthetic pesticides. However, synthetic pesticides can cause pollution, and therefore we need to control the fruit flies’ population by using the most effective fruit fly trap mode. The study was conducted in the mango yield (monoculture) of Department of Agriculture in Majalengka. The traps in this study were modified Steiner traps with funnels, modified Steiner traps without funnels, bottle traps with funnels, bottle traps without funnels, and modified gypsy moth traps. Each trap was fed with 0.2 ml of Methyl eugenol dripped on a cotton roll and hung in the trap. The results showed that the number of fruit flies caught in each trap every week is significantly different. The highest number of fruit flies caught in each trap every week was achieved by bottle traps without funnels that caught 135 flies, while the lowest number of fruit flies caught was recorded by the gypsy moth traps with 16 flies. The transparent color of the bottles and a large number of holes effectively lured the fruit flies into the bottle traps without funnels.
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Cugala, Domingos, João Jone Jordane, and Sunday Ekesi. "Non-host status of papaya cultivars to the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae), in relation to the degree of fruit ripeness." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 37, no. 01 (December 23, 2016): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758416000242.
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AbstractPhytosanitary measures are a major barrier to trade in papaya. We assessed the infestation of tephritid fruit flies on different stages of maturity of papaya, to determine its non-host stage of maturity, for market access. Papaya fruits were collected from Kilifi and Embu counties, Kenya from March 2013 to December 2014, to assess the level of infestation by fruit flies according to the degree of fruit ripening. In all locations, no fruit fly infestation was recorded on papaya when fruits were at the 0, 25 and 50% yellow fruit ripening stage.Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel) was, however, observed attacking fruits when papaya fruits were at 75 and 100% all yellow (fully ripe fruit ripening stage) with infestations of 0.19−0.51B. dorsalis/kg fruit and 0.24−1.24B. dorsalis/kg fruit, respectively, in all locations. Field cage exposure ofB. dorsalisto fruits of five papaya cultivars—‘Papino’, ‘Neo Essence’, ‘Sunrise Solo’, ‘Tainung No. 1’ and ‘Tainung No. 2’ in Manica Province, Mozambique—showed thatB. dorsalisdid not infest fruits at 0, 25 and 50% yellow ripening stages at the densities of 50 and 100 flies per cage. However, at 75% yellow ripening stage, up to 13.1 pupae/kg of fruits was recorded at a density of 150 flies per cage in Tainung No. 1, and infestation ranged from 4.5 to 136 pupae/kg fruits at 100% yellow ripening stage across all the cultivars and infestation densities. Laboratory evaluation of volatiles emanating from freshly crushed papaya pulp of four cultivars: ‘Sunrise Solo’, ‘Red Lady’, ‘Papayi’ and ‘Apoyo’ on egg viability ofB. dorsalisshowed that at 0, 25 and 50% yellow, egg hatchability was inhibited, suggesting that semiochemical compounds present in green tissues of papaya prevent egg development, although this effect was variable across the four cultivars and ripening stages. Export papaya is harvested at less than 40% yellow ripening stage. Our results, therefore, suggest that quarantine treatment for fruits at this ripening stage is inconsequential, asB. dorsalisdoes not infest papaya fruits at this stage; thus, authorities should permit entry of these papaya cultivars of less than 40% yellow ripening stage to quarantine-sensitive markets.
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Saputra, Herry Marta, and Budi Afriyansyah. "Diversity of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Sweet Orange Plantations in Central Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands Province." AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/agrosainstek.v5i2.211.
Full textAbstract:
Central Bangka Regency is one of central orange production in Bangka Belitung Islands Province. One of the important pests of sweet orange plants is fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). This research aimed to study the diversity of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) on sweet orange plantations in Central Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The fruit flies were collected using Lynfield traps which installed in three villages producing sweet oranges in Central Bangka Regency. The types of attractants used to trap male fruit flies are methyl eugenol and cue lure. The fruit flies collected during the study were 4795 individuals, 3 genera, and 14 species. Fruit flies collected from the methyl eugenol were different compared to those collected using lure attractant trap. Most species (13 species) of fruit fly were found in Terentang village, and the rest was same (9 species). Bactrocera carambolae and B. dorsalis were the dominant fruit fly species in the three research locations.
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Puu, Yustina Maria Silvia Wonga. "PEMANFAATAN ATRAKTAN NABATI UNTUK PENGENDALIAN LALAT BUAH Bactrocera sp PADA TAANAMAN CABAI (Capsicum annum L.)." AGRICA 5, no. 1 (July 22, 2020): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37478/agr.v5i1.444.
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The research aimed to know the use of vegetable attractants for monitoring fruit flies (bactrocera sp) and to know the most effective attractant on trapping fruit flies of chilli plant (Capsicum annum L). The method used in this study was Randomized Block Design namely treatment without attractan (A0), Steiner + guava attractan (A1), steiner + custard apple attractan (A2), steiner + banana attractan (A3), steiner +papaya attractan (A4). The variable is a population of fruit flies, the number of rotten fruit, and rotten intensity of fruit. The result showed that the use of vegetable attractan is effective in monitoring fruit flies pest, in which population of fruit flies pest was trapped about 27.74 %, a number of rotten fruit is 23,38 % and rotten intensity is 18,64 %. Custard apple attraction gave the highest influence on all observed variables.
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Raza, Muhammad Fahim, Zhichao Yao, Shuai Bai, Zhaohui Cai, and Hongyu Zhang. "Tephritidae fruit fly gut microbiome diversity, function and potential for applications." Bulletin of Entomological Research 110, no. 4 (February 11, 2020): 423–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485319000853.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe family Tephritidae (order: Diptera), commonly known as fruit flies, comprises a widely distributed group of agricultural pests. The tephritid pests infest multiple species of fruits and vegetables, resulting in huge crop losses. Here, we summarize the composition and diversity of tephritid gut-associated bacteria communities and host intrinsic and environmental factors that influence the microbiome structures. Diverse members of Enterobacteriaceae, most commonly Klebsiella and Enterobacter bacteria, are prevalent in fruit flies guts. Roles played by gut bacteria in host nutrition, development, physiology and resistance to insecticides and pathogens are also addressed. This review provides an overview of fruit fly microbiome structure and points to diverse roles that it can play in fly physiology and survival. It also considers potential use of this knowledge for the control of economically important fruit flies, including the sterile insect technique and cue-lure baiting.
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Mainali, Bishwo P., Tahereh Moadeli, Fleur Ponton, and Phillip W. Taylor. "Comparison of Gel Larval Diet With Traditional Lucerne Chaff and Carrot Solid Diets for Rearing of Queensland Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 112, no. 5 (May 29, 2019): 2278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz140.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Sterile insect technique (SIT) for Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt, Australia’s most economically damaging fruit fly species, is currently undergoing a major renewal and expansion. SIT relies on efficient and economical mass-rearing procedures that produce high-quality flies. Two solid larval diets, carrot and lucerne chaff, have traditionally been used to rear Queensland fruit fly. Recently, a gel larval diet has been developed to eliminate biological bulking agents from the mass-rearing process, but to date, there has been no direct comparison of gel larval diet with traditional solid diets. In the present study, the performance of flies reared on gel larval diet was compared with the performance of flies reared on carrot and lucerne chaff diets. In addition, to investigate whether the performance of reared flies depends on ancestral diet as well as tested diet, we sourced eggs from a colony maintained on carrot diet and from a colony maintained on a lucerne chaff diet. Overall, the gel diet was as good or better than the solid diets in all quality control parameters, including, egg–larval duration, pupal number, pupal recovery, adult emergence, percentage of fliers, and rate of fliers. Of note, larvae developed faster and pupated more synchronously on the gel diet than on either of the solid diets. At the loading densities used, gel and carrot diets produced less waste than lucerne chaff diet. Gel diets offer a rearing solution for Queensland fruit fly that eliminates biological bulking agents and yields faster and more synchronous larval development without compromising productivity or quality.
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Nismah, Nismah, and F. X. Susilo. "KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN KELIMPAHAN LALAT BUAH (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) PADA BEBERAPA SISTEM PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI BUKIT RIGIS, SUMBERJAYA, LAMPUNG BARAT." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 8, no. 2 (November 4, 2011): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.2882-89.
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Diversity and abundance of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephtritidae) in a range of land use systems in Sumberjaya, West Lampung. Fruit fly inventory from seven land use systems in Sumberjaya area, West Lampung, using fruit incubation and lure trap methods resulted in four species of fruit flies, i.e. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) dorsalis, B. (B.) umbrosa, B. (Zeugodacus) cucurbitae, dan B. (Afrodacus) furvus. B. dorsalis was the most common fruit flies in the area while the least found was B. (A) furvus. The abundance of fruit flies was positively correlated with the weight of cempedak fruit (Artocarpus polyphema, Moraceae) and of the watery roseapple fruit (Syzygium aqueum, Myrtaceae).
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Huangfu, Ning, Huan-Xi Cao, and Chao-Dong Zhu. "Notes on the Genus Aceratoneuromyia Girault (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)." Insects 13, no. 5 (May 10, 2022): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13050450.
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Fruit flies in the family Tephritidae are well known as economically important pests of edible fruits and can often cause serious damage and losses to both agriculture and the economy. One of the common parasitoids of fruit flies, Aceratoneuromyia indica (Silvestri), has been used in biological programs. However, the biocontrol utilities of parasitoids are impeded by the difficulties of proper identification. Species of the genus Aceratoneuromyia Girault (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), usually developed as parasitoids of fruit flies, are studied here. Trjapitzinichus Kostjukov and Kosheleva is proposed as a new synonym under Aceratoneuromyia. Three new species of Aceratoneuromyia, A. bilinis Huangfu and Cao sp. nov., A. carinata Cao and Zhu sp. nov., and A. trilinus Cao and Zhu sp. nov., are described and illustrated from China. Aceratoneuromyia indica is also treated here with diagnosis and illustrations. DNA barcodes of A. bilinis and A. indica and a key to the world species of Aceratoneuromyia are provided. This study provided important identification information of parasitoids with morphology and molecular evidence, which is useful for imperative needs regarding the identity of parasitoids attacking fruit flies.
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Hudiwaku, Syarron, Toto Himawan, and Akhmad Rizali. "Keanekaragaman, komposisi spesies, dan kunci identifikasi lalat buah (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) di Pulau Lombok." Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 19, no. 2 (July 31, 2022): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5994/jei.19.2.111.
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Information about fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) diversity in Lombok island is still lacking. This study was aimed to determine the diversity and species composition of the Dacinae fruit flies as well as developed the identification key of fruit flies in Lombok island. The research was conducted in 6 locations i.e., Nature Park (NP) of Kerandangan, NP of Suranadi, Lemor forest, Gangga garden, Lingsar garden, dan Lemor garden, spread across the island of Lombok from March to June 2020. Each location consisted of 6 observation plots using the transect method as far as one kilometer with a distance between the plots of 200 m. Fruit flies were collected using a steiner type trap with different attractants i.e. namely methyl eugenol (ME) and cue lure (CL). Identification of fruit flies were carried out at the Plant Quarantine Laboratory, Balai Karantina Pertanian Kelas I Mataram. Overall 22 species from 210,267 individuals of fruit flies were collected with 4 dominance species were Bactrocera limbifera, B. caudata, B. carambolae, and B. dorsalis. The most abundant spesies was B. carambolae which comprises 47% of the total population. Based on 22 species that recorded in this research, the identification key of fruit flies in Lombok Island was constructed. A dichotomous key is provided that describes 2 genera, 4 subgenus, and 22 species of fruit flies. The identification key uses a morphological character matrix, by comparing several key morphological characters in determining species of fruit flies.
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ADNYANA, I. MADE MEGA, I. WAYAN SUSILA, and LIDYA ELYSABET. "Komposisi Populasi Lalat Buah (Diptera: Tephritidae) dan Parasitoid yang Berasosiasi dengan Tanaman Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) di Beberapa Kabupaten Provinsi Bali." Agrotrop : Journal on Agriculture Science 13, no. 1 (January 17, 2023): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ajoas.2023.v13.i01.p12.
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Population Composition of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) And Parasitoids Associated with Mango Plants (Mangifera indica L.) in Several Regencies of Bali Province. This research aims to determine the types of fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.), parasitoids, abundance, percentage of damage and parasitization parasitoids of fruit flies in Badung Regency, Jembrana and Tabanan. The research was conducted purposively by taking fruits that have symptoms of fruit fly damage in the yard in Badung, Jembrana and Tabanan Regency. The research was conducted from September 2020 to February 2021. The results of study found 3 species of fruit flies that damaged mangoes in Badung, Jembrana and Tabanan Regencies, namely B. dorsalis (Hendel), B. carambolae (Drew & Hancock) and B. albistrigata (De Meijere). Two species of Bactrocera were found in Badung Regency, namely B. dorsalis (86.3%) and B. carambolae (13.7%). Jembrana Regency are B. dorsalis (82.03%), B. carambolae (15.7%) and B. albistrigata (2.9%). Tabanan Regency are B. dorsalis (80.84%) and B. carambolae (19.15%). Percentage of fruit fly damage in Tabanan Regency was 35.08%, Jembrana Regency was 33.56% and Badung Regency was 32.57%. Parasitoids found in Badung, Jembrana and Tabanan Regencies are Fopius arisanus and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata. Parasitization rate of parasitoids respectively in Tabanan Regency was 6.8%, Jembrana Regency was 5.9% and Badung Regency was 5.1%.