Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fruit flies'
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Weldon, Christopher W. "Dispersal and mating behaviour of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae) : implications for population establishment and control /." Connect to full text, 2005. http://setis.library.usyd.edu.au/adt/public_html/adt-NU/public/adt-NU20051007.085638.
Full textCorcoran, R. J. "Fruit fly (Diptera:Tephritidae) responses to quarantine heat treatment /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16489.pdf.
Full textHilton, Emily M. (Emily Margaret). "Characterization and analysis of the flight dynamics of fruit flies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40431.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 39).
For centuries, the human race has been perplexed by the various complex physical manifestations in nature. Much of what we have seen in nature we have tried to recreate, from the migration tendencies and routes of sea creatures to the flight of birds and insects. The flight of the fly, in particular, is of interest because of their natural stabilization techniques. The works of two scientists, Steven Vogel and Michael Dickinson, were researched in order to find out how the flight dynamics of the fly worked. It was found that the fast horizontal wing beating of the fly as well as the body angle of the fly helped to generate lift and thrust within the fly. Equilibrium was achieved due to the haltere of the fly, a small stubby organ behind the forewing which detected Coriolis forces at the base of the wing and created counter-rotations. Both scientists used work done by earlier scientist J.W. Pringle, who modeled the haltere as a mass-dashpot-spring system using dynamics in order to analyze the oscillatory motion and how it affects flight. The research done by all three scientists can serve to one day be able to produce micro aerial vehicles, using the flight dynamics of the fly as the basis of the flight of these vehicles.
by Emily M. Hilton.
S.B.
Majkut, Joesph. "Foraging Fruit Flies: Lagrangian and Eulerian Descriptions of Insect Swarming." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2006. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_theses/183.
Full textHowie, Lynita Joy. "The Influence of Physiological State on Feeding Behaviour of Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Thesis, Griffith University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/368102.
Full textThesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
Muniz, Ortiz Jorge G. "Toxicogenetic studies in Drosophila using fruit flies to study arsenic toxicity /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1231776077.
Full textAdvisor: Iain Cartwright PhD (Committee Chair), Gary Dean PhD (Committee Member), Dan Hassett PhD (Committee Member), Anil Menon PhD (Committee Member), Alvaro Puga PhD (Committee Member). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed May 28, 2010). Keywords: Drosophila; arsenic; methylation; glutathione synthetase; arsenic methyltransferase; fruit fly; glutathione; genetic susceptibility, transgenic. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
Muñiz, Ortiz Jorge G. "Toxicogenetic Studies in Drosophila: Using Fruit Flies to Study Arsenic Toxicity." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1231776077.
Full textFoda, M. E. M. "Chemical communication in the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234432.
Full textHobololo, Vuyisile Lanele. "Field biology and identification of fruit flies in the Western Cape Province." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49966.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Two fruit fly species, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) and C. rosa (Karsch) (Diptera: Tephritidae) are known to attack deciduous fruit in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. The relative abundance of these two pests was studied in different kinds of fruit throughout the year. To facilitate field monitoring, using the immature stages, morphological differences between larval instars of C. capitata and C. rosa were investigated. Morphological characters of the larvae, such as the spiracles (anterior and posterior), mouth hooks and oral ridges were used. Many of these characters are only suitable to distinguish between the second and third instar larvae as these structures are not yet developed in the first instar larvae. Anterior spiracles were examined in terms of the number of tubules (papillae) and size or shape of the felt chambers. The number of papillae in both species was similar in the second and third instar larvae, but differed between the larvae of the two species (8-10 for C. capitata and 10-13 for C. rosa). In both species the felt chambers of the second instar larvae were narrow and elongate whilst those of the third instar larvae were broad and short. The major difference between the mouthhooks of the two tephritids was the presence of a sub-apical tooth in the third instar larva of C. rosa, being absent in the third instar of C. capitata. For the morphometric study, both laboratory-reared and field-collected specimens were examined. Measurements of the body dimensions (length and width) and various parts of the cephalopharyngeal skeleton (CPS) (mandible base, mandible length and distance between the tip and notch) were recorded in all three instars of both C. capitata and C. rosa. The data were analysed using finite mixture analysis (FMA-N1) and Levene's test was used to test for homogeneity of variances. The results of these analyses were used to estimate the frequency distributions of the larval measurements. In some cases overlaps in distributions were evident and were resolved using the same program, finite mixture analysis (FMA-N1), based on the probability of the overlapping measurements belonging to the designated instar (i.e. the one with highest probability). Determination of growth ratios suggested an approximate conformation to Dyar's rule thereby disputing the possibility of any hidden instar. However, in most cases measurements of the field samples did not conform to Dyar's rule. For the larval instars of C. capitata and C. rosa with overlapping morphological features, the morphometric approach as a distinguishing tool was demonstrated. In the field survey, the relative abundance of C. rosa at all experimental sites was very low in both orchards and adjacent vines. This suggested that this pest was either not a threat in these sites (crops) or the monitoring procedures applied, should be revised. Trap catches indicated high levels of infestation by C. capitata on some sites and low infestation levels at others. On the site with the highest population levels, activity peaks in the orchards did not co-incide with those in the adjacent vineyards. This suggested that these vineyards could be alternative hosts for fruit fly after the fruit in the orchards have been harvested. Forced oviposition (in vitro) studies indicated that Colombard (grown in Simonsvlei) was the most suitable host for survival of C. capitata. Other wine grape cultivars such as Chardonnay were also suitable for the total larval development of C. capitata.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Twee spesies van die vrugtevlieg, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) en C. rosa (Karsch) (Diptera: Tephritidae), val sagtevrugte in die Wes Kaap Provinsie van Suid- Afrika aan. Die groot hoeveelheid van hierdie twee plae op verskillende soorte vrugte is regdeur die jaar bestudeer. Voordat enige insekplaag gemonitor kan word, is dit belangrik dat die identiteit van die besondere plaag, insluitend sy onvolwasse stadiums, bekend moet wees. In hierdie studie word die morfologiese verskille tussen die larwe stadiums van C. capitata en C. rosa ondersoek. Kenmerke soos die spirakels (voor en agter), mondhake en mondriwwe is gebruik. Baie van hierdie morfologiese kenmerke kan net gebruik word om te onderskei tussen larwes in die tweede en derde stadiums omdat hierdie strukture nog nie in die eerste stadium ontwikkel is nie. Die voorste spirakels is ondersoek in terme van die aantal tubules (papillae) en die grootte en vorm van die vilt kamers. In beide spesies is die aantal papillae dieselfde vir die tweede en derde larwe stadiums, maar daar was en verskil tussen die larwes van die twee spesies (8-10 vir C. capitata en 10-13 vir C. rosa). In altwee spesies was die viIt kamers van die twee stadium larwes sma I en verleng, terwyl dit in die derde stadium larwes breed en kort was. Die hoof verskil tussen die mondhake van die twee vrugtevliee was die aanwesigheid van die subapikale tand in die derde stadium larwe van C. rosa, terwyl dit afwesig is in die derde stadium van C. capitata. Vir die morfometriese studie is voorbeelde van laboratorium geteelde vrugtevliee, asook vilee wat in die veld gevind is, ondersoek. Die liggaamsafmetings (Iengte en breedte) is gemeet asook die skelet (mandibel basis, mandibel lengte en die afstand tussen die punt en die kerf) in al drie stadiums van C. capitata en C. rosa. Die data is ontleed deur middel van eindige mengsel analise (FMA-N1) en Levene se toets is gebruik om vir homogeniteit en variansies te toets. Die resultate van die ontleding is gebruik om die frekwensie verspreiding van die larwale metings te skat. In sommige gevalle was daar oorvleueling en dit is opgelos met die gebruik van dieselfde program FMA-N1 baseer op die moontlikheid dat die metings wat oorvleuel, aan die aangeduide stadium (d.w.s die een met die hoogste waarskynlikheid) behoort. Die vasstelling van groei ratios dui aan dat dit naasteby ooreenstem met Dyar se reel en dus die moontlikheid van 'n versteekte stadium betwis. Maar in die meeste gevalle stem die veldmonsters nie ooreen met Dyar se reel nie. Die feit dat die morfometriese benadering die verrnoe het om larwale monsters met oorvleuelende morfologiese kenmerke, beteken dat dit kwalifiseer as In instrument om tussen die larwe stadiums van C. capitata en C. rosa te onderskei. Baie min C. rosa is in vrugteboorde en in nabygelee wingerde gevind. Dit dui of dat die plaag nie 'n bedreiging vir die vrugte inhou nie, of dat die monitor prosedures hersien moet word. Lokvalle dui aan dat daar 'n hoe vlak van infestasie van C. capitata in sommige gebeide is en In lae vlak in ander. Op die plek met die hoogste bevolking van vrugtevliee het die aktiwiteit in die boorde nie ooreengestem met die aktiwiteit in die nabygelee wingerde nie. Dit dui aan dat hierdie wingerde 'n alternatiewe blyplek bied aan die vrugtevliee nadat die vrugte in die boorde geoes is. Gedwonge oviposisie studies dui aan dat C. capitata die beste kan oorleef in Colombard (gekweek te Simonsvlei). Ander wyndruif kultivars is ook geskik vir die ontwikkeling tot by die laaste larwe stadium van C. capitata.
Velandia-Huerto, Cristian A., Sarah J. Berkemer, Anne Hoffmann, Nancy Retzlaff, Marroquín Liiana C. Romero, Maribel Hernández-Rosales, Peter F. Stadler, and Clara I. Bermúdez-Santana. "Orthologs, turn-over, and remolding of tRNAs in primates and fruit flies." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-209565.
Full textExley, Katherine Ann. "Structure, frequency and distribution of P elements in relation to P-M hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279706.
Full textMahmood, Khalid. "Taxonomy of the fruit flies (Dacinae, Tephritidae, Diptera) of the Indo-Pak subcontinent and the oriental fruit fly complex." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300090.
Full textArmstrong, James Douglas. "Structural characterisation of the Drosophila mushroom bodies." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295342.
Full textTan, Cedric Kaiwei. "The effect of relatedness on sexual dynamics : studies of red junglefowl and fruit flies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7ea10d0d-b1f5-45f2-9d5e-63e852594c3f.
Full textCulwell, Thomas Franklin. "Study of the reproducibility of proteomics methods and variability of fruit fly proteomes /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2252.pdf.
Full textTurney, Catherine Louise. "Transposable elements of the mariner family in the tephritid fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1998. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27649.
Full textEro, Mark Marakus. "Host searching behaviour of Diachasmimorpha kraussii (Fullaway) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Opiinae), a polyphagous parasitoid of Dacinae fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/28602/2/Mark_Ero_Thesis.pdf.
Full textEro, Mark Marakus. "Host searching behaviour of Diachasmimorpha kraussii (Fullaway) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Opiinae), a polyphagous parasitoid of Dacinae fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/28602/.
Full textMartinez-Sañudo, Isabel. "Phylogenetic studies of tephritid flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) and their symbiotic bacteria." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426159.
Full textI tefritidi costituiscono un’importante famiglia di ditteri fitofagi molti dei quali rivestono un notevole interesse economico in quanto dannosi alle colture agrarie. Le specie di maggior importanza sono quelle che si riproducono a carico del frutto tra cui Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (mosca mediterranea della frutta), Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (olivo), Rhagoletis cerasi (L.) (ciliegia), Rhagoletis completa (Cresson) (noce) e altre specie esotiche. Altre specie invece, come quelle appartenenti alla sottofamiglia Tephritinae vivono soprattutto a carico dei capolini fiorali delle Composite (Asteraceae). Nella famiglia dei tefritidi sono presenti simbiosi batteriche note per alcune specie da quasi un secolo (Petri, 1909; Stammer, 1929). Recentemente, grazie alle tecniche biomolecolari, è stata identificata e sequenziata la specie batterica simbionte della mosca dell’olivo. Per tale simbionte, che è risultato appartenere alle Enterobacteriaceae è stato proposto il nome “Candidatus Erwinia dacicola”. Il presente lavoro ha come obiettivo l’approfondimento delle conoscenze sulle relazioni tra i ditteri tefritidi e i loro batteri simbionti e si articola in tre parti la prima delle quali è già stata oggetto di una pubblicazione. 1. In continuazione della tesi di dottorato della dottoressa Alessia Piscedda, l’identità dei batteri simbionti è stata studiata in 25 specie della sottofamiglia Tephritinae (Diptera: Tephritidae) provenienti da diverse zone del nordest d’Italia e da paesi limitrofi. Per queste specie si è provveduto alla coltivazione del contenuto del mesointestino di mosche provenienti da pupe preventivamente sterilizzate, all’osservazione di preparati microscopici di questo stesso tratto dell’intestino con LIVE/DAD BacLight e all’utilizzo di tecniche biomolecolari. In accordo con quanto riportato da Stammer (1929) le indagini hanno consentito di accertare la presenza di batteri simbionti non coltivabili in numerose specie dei generi: Tephritis, Campiglossa., Trupanea, Acanthiophilus, Sphenella, e Oxyna. Simbiosi batteriche sono state rinvenute anche in alcuni generi non considerati da Stammer (Capitites, Dioxyna, Noeeta). I batteri, di cui è stato sequenziato un frammento del 16S rDNA di oltre 1000 bp, risultano specifici per ogni specie di insetto ospite e, come il simbionte della mosca dell’olivo (Bactrocera oleae), appartengono tutti alla famiglia delle Enterobacteriaceae. I batteri simbionti riscontrati nelle specie del genere Tephritis per la loro affinità filogenetica sono stati designati come “Candidatus Stammerula tephritidis”. L’estensione dell’indagine ad altre tribù paleartiche della sottofamiglia Tephritinae (Xyphosiini, Myopitini e Terellini) con le medesime tecniche, sia tradizionali che biomolecolari, non ha evidenziato la presenza di batteri simbionti come suggerito da Stammer (1929). 2. Nella seconda parte del lavoro sono state studiate le relazioni filogenetiche tra i tefritidi, appartenenti alla sottofamiglia Tephritinae, analizzando due regioni del DNA mitocondriale, 16S rDNA e COI-LeutRNA-COII. Gli alberi filogenetici risultati da una analisi bayesiana e di maximum-likelihood hanno evidenziato la presenza di 5 cluster monofilettici e di regola altamente supportati corrispondenti alle 5 tribù della sottofamiglia Tephritinae: Tephritini, Myopitini, Xyphosiini, Noeetini e Terellini. La ricostruzione filogenetica ottenuta dal COI-tRNALeu-COII data set è risultata più risolta e supportata nei nodi interni rispetto a quella del 16S rDNA, contribuendo maggiormente a definire i rapporti di parentela tra le tribù. La disponibilità di una filogenesi dei batteri simbionti e dei loro insetti ospiti ha consentito inoltre lo studio della congruenza filogenetica. I diversi test di cofilogenesi addottati hanno evidenziato la presenza di una congruenza, seppur imperfetta, tra ospiti e simbionti. Dalle ricostruzioni si riconoscono due principali eventi di acquisizione il più importante e antico dei quali è quello avvenuto a carico dell’antenato comune della Tribù Tephritini. La causa di una non perfetta congruenza è da imputare all’esistenza di perdite, riacquisizioni e trasferimenti orizzontali. È importante ricordare che, essendo tali simbionti extracellulari, il ciclo biologico di questi insetti potenzialmente offre parecchie occasioni per trasferimenti orizzontali accidentali. Essendo nello stadio larvale i simbionti presenti nei cechi gastrici, parzialmente a contatto con il bolo alimentare, risulterebbero vulnerabili e sostituibili da altri batteri. Anche la frequentazione, da parte di specie diverse, delle stesse piante ospiti potrebbe essere occasione per trasferimenti orizzontali e sostituzioni. A fronte di queste molteplici possibilità la congruenza filogenetica riscontrata, seppure imperfetta, risulta a maggior ragione particolarmente interessante e va probabilmente spiegata con il coinvolgimento di altri fattori quali l’esistenza di una compatibilità fisiologica tra l’insetto ospite ed il battere. 3. Nella terza parte del lavoro l’analisi filogenetica degli insetti è stata ampliata a specie paleartiche appartenenti ad altre sottofamiglie (Trypetinae e Dacinae) sempre basandosi su due regione del DNA mitocondriale (16S e COI-LeutRNA-COII). La disponibilità in GenBank di sequenze del 16S di altre specie appartenenti a diverse regioni zoogeografiche ha consentito di allargare almeno per questo gene il data set. L’elaborazione dei dati, ancora parzialmente in corso, conferma in generale la tradizionale classificazione condotta su base morfologica ma offre anche spunti di discussione per eventuali riarrangiamenti di alcuni taxa. É stato realizzato anche un tentativo di affiancare alla ricostruzione filogenetica, oltre agli aspetti legati al ciclo biologico della specie, anche le diverse caratteristiche morfologiche degli organi adibiti ad ospitare i batteri simbionti nell’adulto. Risulta interessante notare come, tutte le specie paleartiche analizzate che svernano come adulti, ospitano batteri simbionti. Al contrario (tranne in un caso), tutte le specie che non svernano come adulto, sono risultate prive di batteri simbionti. Tali acquisizioni lasciano supporre che la presenza dei simbionti a livello del mesointestino, più che una opportunità per integrare la dieta larvale probabilmente già relativamente ricca, possano rappresentare, per quelle specie che hanno scelto di svernare allo stadio di adulto, una componente indispensabile.
Ottens, Kristina Jane. "Ecological and biogeographical patterns associated with genetic differentiation in a diverse genus of Neotropical fruit flies." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1716.
Full textKraft, Robert, Allon Kahn, José L. Medina-Franco, Mikayla L. Orlowski, Cayla Baynes, Fabian López-Vallejo, Kobus Barnard, Gerald M. Maggiora, and Linda L. Restifo. "A cell-based fascin bioassay identifies compounds with potential anti-metastasis or cognition-enhancing functions." The Company of Biologists, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605272.
Full textThe actin-bundling protein fascin is a key mediator of tumor invasion and metastasis and its activity drives filopodia formation, cell-shape changes and cell migration. Small-molecule inhibitors of fascin block tumor metastasis in animal models. Conversely, fascin deficiency might underlie the pathogenesis of some developmental brain disorders. To identify fascin-pathway modulators we devised a cell-based assay for fascin function and used it in a bidirectional drug screen. The screen utilized cultured fascin-deficient mutant Drosophila neurons, whose neurite arbors manifest the 'filagree' phenotype. Taking a repurposing approach, we screened a library of 1040 known compounds, many of them FDA-approved drugs, for filagree modifiers. Based on scaffold distribution, molecular-fingerprint similarities, and chemical-space distribution, this library has high structural diversity, supporting its utility as a screening tool. We identified 34 fascin-pathway blockers (with potential anti-metastasis activity) and 48 fascin-pathway enhancers (with potential cognitive-enhancer activity). The structural diversity of the active compounds suggests multiple molecular targets. Comparisons of active and inactive compounds provided preliminary structure-activity relationship information. The screen also revealed diverse neurotoxic effects of other drugs, notably the 'beads-on-a-string' defect, which is induced solely by statins. Statin-induced neurotoxicity is enhanced by fascin deficiency. In summary, we provide evidence that primary neuron culture using a genetic model organism can be valuable for early-stage drug discovery and developmental neurotoxicity testing. Furthermore, we propose that, given an appropriate assay for target-pathway function, bidirectional screening for brain-development disorders and invasive cancers represents an efficient, multipurpose strategy for drug discovery.
Gisloti, Laura Jane 1983. "O gênero Neosilba McAlpine (Tephritoidea: Lonchaeidae) = revisão, ocorrência e diversidade = The genus Neosilba McAlpine (Tephritoidea: Lonchaeidae) : revision, occurence and diversity." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314137.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: As moscas da família Lonchaeidae (Diptera), juntamente com as da família Tephritidae formam um grupo conhecido como moscas-das-frutas, já que suas larvas utilizam como recurso alimentar frutos de interesse comercial. Espécies de Tephritidae são comumente relatadas como pragas importantes para a fruticultura e têm sua biologia e ecologia profundamente estudadas. Já as espécies de Lonchaeidae, mesmo estando associadas a diversos frutos de interesse agrícola, são pouco estudadas. Isto pode estar relacionado ao fato de que não há estudos distinguindo taxonomicamente esse grupo no nível de gênero e espécies. Paralelamente, esta inconsistência taxonômica dificulta e desencoraja estudos com o grupo, fazendo com que a história natural dessas moscas permaneça desconhecida. Em Neosilba, o gênero de Lonchaeidae alvo deste estudo, a taxonomia tradicional é baseada unicamente na análise da morfologia genital masculina e assim todos os trabalhos a respeito deste grupo excluem grande parte do material obtido: as fêmeas. Alguns estudos já foram desenvolvidos no intuito de facilitar a identificação destas moscas, envolvendo técnicas eletroforéticas de sistemas enzimáticos e análises empregando métodos morfométricos. Porém nenhuma técnica se mostrou específica o bastante para distinguir as espécies neste gênero. Dentro desse contexto, a tese foi estruturada em três capítulos. No capítulo 1 fazemos uma revisão da biologia, ecologia e taxonomia da família Lonchaeidae. Dentro desse capítulo disponibilizamos um mapa da distribuição mundial dos oito gêneros, além de uma chave taxonômica dicotômica ilustrada, adaptada de McAlpine, para todos os gêneros de Lonchaeidae. No capítulo 2 realizamos uma revisão centrada em diversidade, distribuição e plantas hospedeiras de moscas do gênero Neotropical Neosilba. Listamos a distribuição e as plantas hospedeiras das 40 espécies de Neosilba. Por fim, no capítulo 3 estudamos a diversidade de espécies frugívoras do gênero Neosilba em 35 espécies de frutíferas cultivadas, de duas localidades do estado de São Paulo e concluímos que Neosilba zadolicha é a espécie que apresenta o maior número de plantas hospedeiras e é a mais abundante entre as sete espécies de Neosilba encontradas. Este trabalho acrescenta informações inéditas ao gênero Neosilba e a compilação de dados a respeito deste grupo pretende estimular o ingresso de novos pesquisadores a fim de preencher as lacunas existentes no âmbito da taxonomia, sistemática, biologia e ecologia desse táxon
Abstract: The flies of the Lonchaeidae family, alongside with the Tephritidae, form a group known as fruit-flies, since their larvae feed on fruits of huge economical interest in their diet. Species of Tephritidae are generally reported as important pests to the horticulture, with their biology and ecology deeply studied in detail. However the Lonchaeidae species, despite being associated to many fruits of agricultural interest, are not as studied. This can be related to the fact that there aren¿t many studies distinguishing taxonomically this group at the genus or species level. In parallel, this taxonomic inconsistency complicates and discourages studies of the group, keeping the natural history of those flies unknown. In Neosilba, the traditional taxonomy is based only on the analysis of the male genitalia morphology, and so, this method excludes great part of the material collected: the females. Some studies were done on the purpose of facilitating the identification of these flies, involving electrophoresis techniques of enzymatic systems and analysis employing morph metric methods. However, no technique demonstrated to be specific enough to distinguish the species of this genus. Inside this context, this work was structured in four chapters. In chapter 1 a revision of the biology, ecology, and taxonomy of the Lonchaeidae family is made. Inside this chapter, we make available a map containing the global distribution of all genus, in addition to an illustrated dichotomic taxonomic key, adapted from McAlpine, to all Lonchaeidae genus. In chapter 2 we realize a revision centered in the diversity, distribution and hosting plants of the Neotropical genus Neosilba. We listed a distribution of hosting plants of 40 Neosilba species. In chapter 3, we study the diversity of frugivorous species in the Neosilba genus in 35 fruit species cultivated from 2 locations in the state of São Paulo and we conclude that Neosilba zadolicha is the species that contains the biggest number of hosting plants, and is also the most abundant compared to the 7 species of Neosilba that were found. This work adds unpublished information of the Neosilba genus and the compilation of data concerning this group aims to stimulate the entrance of new researchers for the purpose of fill the existing lacunae in the scope of taxonomy, systematics, biology, and ecology of this taxon
Doutorado
Biodiversidade Animal
Doutora em Biologia Animal
Prezotto, Leandro Fontes. "Tipificação de linhagens de Wolbachia do complexo Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) da região neotropical por análise de locos múltiplos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-23072013-145455/.
Full textWolbachia is an intracellular bacteria found in somatic and in the reproductive tissues of various arthropods and nematodes. Phylogenetic studies based on 16S and ftsZ genes indicated the existence of six Wolbachia taxonomic supergroups (\"A\" through \"F\"). Infection of Wolbachia have been linked to several changes in the reproduction of their hosts, like cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), parthenogenesis, feminization of genetic males and male killing. T Wolbachia infection has been described in several species of fruit flies of the family Tephritidae, like Bactrocera ascita, Rhagoletis cerasi, Ceratitis capitata, in which the bacteria induces cytoplasmic incompatibility. In Anastrepha, endemic to the American Continent, Wolbachia infection has been described in several species by analysis of the wsp gene, and there is also indications that Wolbachia-mediated CI occurs in two species of the fraterculus group. The occurrence of CI coupled with the suggestion of the use of Wolbachia in population supression programs, impose the need for a more precise characterization of the different strains of Wolbachia. The identification of the different strains of the bacteria is most accurate when the methodology of multiple loci (MLST) is applied. In this study fragments of genes gatB, coxA, hcpA, ftsZ and fbpA, integrating the methodology MLST, and of wsp gene were amplified and sequenced. Population samples of the Anastrepha fraterculus.complex of cryptic species from Brasil, Argentina, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Guatemala and Mexico, and samples of A. oblique from Basil were analysed. All samples were infected with supergroup \"A\" Wolbachia. For each of the five MLST genes, unique as well already known haplotypes were found. Phylogenetic analyses of each gene isolated showed incongruences in the relationships among haplotypes and population samples. The concatenated sequences of the five genes, with 2079 bp, were analyzed and 20 haplotypes were found, with distances ranging from 0.001 to 0.058. Phylogenetic analysis of Wolbachia isolated haplotypes into distinct clades, demonstrating that different strains of Wolbachia were present in these hosts, and in distinct geographic areas. Hosts specific haplotypes were found as well as more than one strain of Wolbachia was found in given population samples. A haplotypes (ST1) was detected in two species of the complex and is also the most commonly found in different organisms. Twenty two different sequences of about 500 bp were found for the wsp gene. The level of nucleotide variability is not uniform along the gene, forming a pattern with four hypervariable regions, HVRs. Genetic distances between haplotypes showed a variation from 0.001 to 0.235. Phylogenetic analysis of the haplotypes also isolated Wolbachia into distinct clades, but in contrast to the MLST, the tree formed by wsp gene does not support the monophily of some groups. The data show that strains of Wolbachia are disseminated along the American Continent, and also that there are specific strains in determined geographic areas. Analyses of ovaries and testes from infected and non infected (cured by heat treatment) individuals of A. sp. 1 and A. obliqua were made in search of possible effects of Wolbachia on its hosts. Ovaries from infected and cured females of both species, stained by DAPI, showed no visible differences in this morphological analysis. The production of sperms increases during few days after ermergence and drops out later one. Analysis of infected and cured males showed that the production of sperms were not significant between them, for both the host species. Fecundity of infected females of A, sp.1 was significantly higher than that of cured females, but was similar in A. obliqua, Egg hatching was scored in compatible intraspecies crosses and also in incompatibles crosses, of both species. Fertility was significntly higher for infected females of both species. Infected males of both species were found associated to crosses in which the higher egg hatching was observed. Analyses of incompatible crosses showed that CI occurred at high rates in A. sp.1 (CI = 54.01%) and in A. obliqua (CI = 66.2%). The data suggest that an incipient mutualism may be present in the relationships of Wolbachia and its Anastrepha hosts
Camargos, Maria Gisely. "Padrão de dispersão espacial e temporal de Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) criado em larvas de Ceratitis capitata e Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64134/tde-23032016-114303/.
Full textThe ability of dispersal and parasitism of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata reared with the larval host of Ceratitis capitata (Ceratitis strain) and Anastrepha fraterculus (Anastrepha strain) was evaluated in a guava orchard. Eleven releases of approximately 3,000 parasitoids were conducted between March 2014 and April 2015 at the center of a 15-ha guava orchard located in the Jaíba Irrigation Project area (15°14?03.7?S, 43°56?54.0?W) in Jaíba, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The dispersal of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata was monitored within a distance of 6 m to 272 m from a central point of release to the cardinal and collateral directions; each cardinal and collateral direction point was located at a distance of 12 m and 17 m from each other, respectively. At each point, a \"parasitism unit\", that comprised a sachet made of voile fabric containing 20 third instar larval host more diet was hung. Larvae of C. capitata and A. fraterculus were offered to recover the parasitoids into five releases where the parasitoids had no choice by the host and six where they had choice. The \"parasitism units\" remained for 24 hours in the orchard when they were replaced with new ones, also remained for 24 hours. After 7 and 15 days others \"parasitism units\" were distributed and maintained for 24 h. Observations on parasitism, sex ratio, mortality of host larvae, and the direction of dispersal were made for each time point. Data were analyzed using the general linear models and mixed effect models by the R statistical system. The average distance dispersion (DM) and the dispersion area (S²) of D. longicaudata were determined using the model proposed by Dobzhansky and Wright. A total of 10,351 parasitoids was recovered, all belonging to D. longicaudata, 769 from the host A. fraterculus and 9,582 from C. capitata. Larval mortality was higher in A. fraterculus. The sex ratio showed a tendency for males and differed between the hosts; the number of males was higher in the parasitoids recovered from A. fraterculus (0.34), regardless of the strain of D. longicaudata released. Parasitism or larval mortality was not influenced by any of the climatic variables analyzed. The Ceratitis strain was most dispersed and parasitized larvae up to a maximum distance of 173 m and scattering area of up to 34,067.17 m². Both parasitoid strains scattered in all directions, but showed a tendency to disperse toward the east. The two strains were able to survive and parasitize the larvae of A. fraterculus and C. capitata for up to 15 days after its release, but more number of the Anastrepha strain were recovered after 15 days of parasitizing the larvae of the two hosts. The Anastrepha strain showed the highest parasitism rate over larger distances from the point of release, while the Ceratitis strain parasitized the larval hosts close to the release points. Based on the highest survival in semiarid conditions, the higher parasitism capacity at greater distances from the point of release, and the average obtained dispersion area (27,368.24 m²), we recommend the release of 3,000 parasitoids of Anastrepha strain in every 2.7 ha of guava orchards
Perre, Paula. "Caracterização de três espécies do grupo fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae, Anastrepha) por meio da análise de imagens e morfometria." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-24042012-100427/.
Full textThe fruit flies are pests of quarantine importance, among which stand out the genus Anastrepha. Despite of many study, the taxonomy of some groups of the genus is still not adequately resolved. The correct identification of fraterculus group requires practice/knowledge and the use of a number of techniques. Thus, this study proposes to test the efficiency of two techniques in the identification of three species (A. fraterculus, A. obliqua e A. sororcula) and in the identification of A. fraterculus specimens related to three hosts (guava, loquat and peach). Were tested the techniques of image analysis, for the fists time in fruit flies, and of morphometry (conventional for the aculeus and geometric for the wings). By image analysis, very high accuracies were obtained for species identification, both by the images of the wings and aculeus, with average accuracy of 87,8% and 90,6%, respectively. Regarding the association of A. fraterculus with the hosts, also were obtained positive results with image analysis (means of 85,3% of accuracy on images of wings and 88,3% on images of aculeus). The geometric morphometric of wings, using 17 landmarks, indicated differences in the wings shape of the individuals of each species, separating them into distinct groups successfully. Regarding the association of A. fraterculus with the hosts, the groups obtained were not very distinct, specially in relation to individuals from peach. The multivariate morphometric of seven measures of the aculeus tip, by linear discriminant analysis (LDA), also indicated differences in the species, separating them in three groups. By cluster analysis (UPGMA), was noted that A, fraterculus and A. obliqua form a group and A. soroscula is isolated, suggesting that the measures that most influenced the grouping of the species were the length of the serrate part (L3 and L7). In the host association, were obtained positives results with LDA, however, was not possible separate the populations of the same host by UPGMA. Both techniques were effectives in separating the species and in the association of A. fraterculus with their hosts, showing that the host fruit can influence in the color and shape of the wing and in the shape of the aculeus in the three species of the group fraterculus.
Starkie, Melissa L. "Systematics and evolution of the Australian Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/207990/8/Thesis_Starkie_2021.pdf.
Full textBARROS, ADILSON C. de. "Efeitos das ondas acústicas em pupas de Ceratitis capitada. (Wied., 1824)(Diptera:Tephritidae)." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2007. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11620.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Widmayer, Heather. "Biogeographical patterns associated with genome-wide genetic differentiation in a widespread species of South American Blepharoneura fruit flies (Tephritidae)." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6337.
Full textSchützner, Peter [Verfasser]. "Time-resolved analysis of wing and body kinematics in freely maneuvering wild-type and transgenic fruit flies Drosophila / Peter Schützner." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1097380688/34.
Full textDiatta, Pierre Maurice. "TBD Economic Impact of Fruit Flies in Mango Production in Senegal: Ex-Post Analysis of mango losses in Ziguinchor (Casamance)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82484.
Full textMaster of Science
Takata, Roberto Mitsuo. "Padrões de emissão acústica em moscas-das-frutas do gênero Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) e suas implicações no isolamento reprodutivo pré-copulatório." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-12052011-160047/.
Full textThree courtship songs have been described for tephritid males: calling song, when female flies are absent; approach song, near females; and precopulatory song, after male mounting female. For species of Anastrepha in which mating songs were recorded, only two types are present: calling and precopulatory songs. In these cases mating accoustic emissions were characterized regarding parameters such as duration and sound frequency; including for the nominal species Anastrepha fraterculus - a major fruit crop pest in Brazil. However, no study have focused on differences amid A. fraterculus criptic species complex - including the three species that occur in Brazil: A.. sp. 1 aff. fraterculus, A. sp. 2 aff. fraterculus e A. sp. 3 aff. fraterculus. In this work, the acoustic emission patterns for A. sp. 1, A. sp. 2 A. sp. 3, and for A. obliqua population samples were characterized by comparing pulse duration (PD), interpulse interval (IPI) and fundamental frequency (FF), with data available in literature for other tephritid species. The acoustic parameters of A sp. 1 Serra Negra (SP) do not differ statistically from parameters of A. sp. 2 (São Sebastião, SP). The PD parameter of A. sp. 3 (São Sebastião, SP) differs from A. sp. 1 (Serra Negra, SP) and from A. sp. 2 from São Sebastião (SP). The acoustic parameters of A. sp. 1 from São Paulo (SP) were completely different from parameters of other populations, including A. sp. 1 from Serra Negra (SP). The acoustic emission pattern of A. obliqua from Águas da Prata (SP) is also different from other species/populations, except by the PD of A. sp. 1 from São Paulo (SP). The relationship between FF distribution peaks and sound harmonics as well as the correlation between acoustic parameters and wing length, suggest that the emitted sounds are dependent on the wing physical properties. However, other factors might also influence the sound pattern, because the relation between FF peaks and harmonics is not observed for all population samples, and the correlation between wing length and acoustic parameters were evaluated on few species. There is no relation between acoust parameters values and fruit flies phylogeny. Therefore, it is possible to distinguish between species on the basis of sound parameters, but it is not possible to group them by evolutionary affinities. Among the tephritids, mating acoustic emission patterns probably involves a complex evolutionary history with many homoplasies.
Vento, Pietro Enrico Vicari. "Efeitos do silenciamento gênico de transformer-2 a partir da aplicação de RNAi parental em Anastrepha sp.1 affinis fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-20102016-164736/.
Full textFruit flies are worldwide fruticulture pest, and the economic important species in Neotropics is Anastrepha fraterculus. It is known that actually A. fraterculus corresponds to a cryptic species complex; many studies have focused in characterizing those species and development of population control strategies. Previous studies showed that silencing genes involved in sex determination of Anastrepha, such as transformer-2, are potential tools to be used in control programs that require male production in a large scale. The Transformer-2 protein is required to development of female phenotype. In the absence of this protein, an XX embryo develops in male phenotype (pseudomale). In previous studies, dsRNA was injected directly in embryos, which consists in a high complex executing technique with high rates of mortality during this process, difficulting your utility in an applied context. Herein we describe the effects of transformer-2 gene silencing by parental injection of dsRNA in A. sp.1 affinis fraterculus, to verify whether gene silencing occurs in progeny. For that, adult females were injected with transformer-2 dsRNA in its abdomen and crossed to non-treated males. Their progeny were recovered by five weeks and analysed by (a) sex ratio, (b) presence of pseudomales (XX), (c) fertility of males and (d) sexual morphology, besides analysis of (e) emergence and (f) asymmetry of wings and head setae, what consists in indicators of goodness of progeny. Sex ratio analysis showed a significant bias of expected 1:1, in favour of males, significant between weeks 1 and 3. Karyotype analysis revealed presence of pseudomales (XX) in progeny. The most of flies exhibited sexual structures morphology normal, except by a few individuals having asymmetric testes. Fertility tests showed that all males had motile spermatozoids in their testes, but some females, regarding to sterile crosses, had no spermatozoids in their spermathecae. Emergence and wing asymmetry analysis showed that there is no significant differences in relation to control, but there is a significant increase in asymmetry of head setae. The results indicate that the progeny from females treated with transformer-2 dsRNA were affected by transformer-2 gene silencing. Besides, the morphological analysis suggest that the treatment has a low impact in disturbing ontogeny of the progeny comparing to method of injection directly in eggs. Finally, fertility tests showed that some males of progeny are functionally sterile, unable to transfer spermatozoids to females, possibly the pseudomales ones (XX). The production of a male enriched progeny by interference in expression of a single gene could be very useful to improve the management of male production in biofabrics
Perre, Paula. "Utilização diferencial de frutos hospedeiros por Anastrepha sp. 1 affinis fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae): aspectos morfológicos e reprodutivos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-11042017-164242/.
Full textThe fruit flies of Tephritidae family are insect pests distributed around the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Among these flies, Anastrepha fraterculus is one of the most important pest species in the Neotropical Region. In reality, A. fraterculus correspond to a complex of cryptic species that shows differences in relation to the usage of host plants for larval development. The present study aimed to investigate if the use of distinct host fruits causes morphological and/or reproductive alterations in individuals from population samples of A. sp.1 aff. fraterculus derived from distinct sympatric fruits. To attain this goal, two series of experiments were conducted: (a) morphological analyses of the wings and of head bristles, besides the description of the sensilla types in the flagellum, and (b) tests on choice of reproductive partners derived from different host fruits. Morphometric analyses show variation in the wings to be associated to distinct fruits and that asymmetry vary among samples. The number of trichomes was invariable in the wings exhibiting subtle morphological distinctions, indicating that the differences might be due to shape and/or size of the cells. Fluctuating asymmetry in the number and position of head bristles is varied significantly among the flies derived from distinct fruits. The analysis on the distribution of sensilla along the flagellum revealed that the distribution of each one is distinct, most of variation occurring at the median region; however for four sensilla types no differences were detected. Experiments on mating choice showed a tendency of females to elect males derived from the same fruit type. The experiments on effects of host fruit changing in a laboratory colony of flies showed that a decrease in adult emergence did occur. An increase in the number of malformed adults was observed. The observed effects of changing the substrate for larval development were distinct for wings and bristles with an increase in the asymmetry of the latter. The distinction in response of the structures is suggestive that differences may exist in the robustness of the mechanisms that afford ontogenetic stability of wings and bristles. The present study indicates that the fruit in which the larvae develop has influence in the morphology of the wings, in the recognition of reproductive partners and may be a stressing factor during the ontogeny of A. sp.1 aff. fraterculus
Bento, Flavia de Moura Manoel. "Influência da umidade em quatro tipos de solo no desenvolvimento pupal de Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824), Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830), do parasitóide Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmed, 1905) e de Gymnandrosoma aurantianum Lima, 1927." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-28072008-161138/.
Full textThe goal of this work was to evaluate moisture effect on four soil types in the emergence of adults and duration of the pupal stage of fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) and Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) and citrus fruit borer, Gymnandrosoma aurantianum Lima, 1927, and in the emergence of the fruit fly parasitoid, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmed, 1905), using different soil water matric potential and a particular methodology, developed in this work. The pupation depths of G. aurantianum and A. fraterculus were studied through a dry and moist (5%) treatment, in order to determine the adequate depth for each species for further use in the investigation of the influence of moisture on four soil types. G. aurantianum pupated at the same depth either under moist or dry medium. A. fraterculus pupation was more superficial under dry conditions, with 100% pupation between 0 and 1.5 cm. For C. capitata, one used a 3.0 cm depth to verify the influence of moisture and soil type. The pupal stage duration of the species was affected differently for males and females. For females, only the soil type influenced the pupal stage duration, which was higher under Clay soil (42,8% clay). In males, the pupal stage duration was influenced by moisture and soil type separately, and the pupal stage of C. capitata was low in Clay (68% clay) and Sandy Clay soil, with higher duration in Clay soil (42,8% clay). As the matric potential decreased, the duration of the pupal stage of C. capitata males increased, regardless of the soil type. The emergence of C. capitata was influenced by the moisture, regardless of the soil type, and was higher in drier soils. For A. fraterculus, the moisture-soil type interaction influenced the pupal stage duration for both males and females similarly. The lower pupal stage durations for A. fraterculus males and females were provided by higher sand content soils (Sandy Loam and Sandy Clay soils) and in high clay content soil (Clay soil, 68% clay), in the higher soil moisture. For A. fraterculus females, however, the pupal stage decreased as the moisture of Sandy Loam and Sandy Clay soils decreased; for the males, such reduction was observed in all moisture degrees studied on these soils. The emergence of A. fraterculus was influenced by the moisture-soil type interaction, higher in higher water retention soils at different matric potentials applied to Sandy Clay and Clay (68% clay) soils. The emergence of D. longicaudata was influenced by the soil type and moisture factors separately, and the number of adults emerging from D. longicaudata was higher in Sandy Loam and lower in Clay (68% clay) soil; the number of emerged adults was always higher under high moisture. The duration of the pupal stage of G. aurantianum males and females was influenced by the moisturesoil type interaction; however, it was irregular and failed to allow the construction of a logical model to explain the relationship between higher or lower durations with moisture contents and soil types. The emergence of G. aurantianum was influenced by the moisture-soil type interaction, higher at higher sand content soils. This work may clarify how some soil factors affect the development of these pests and relating natural enemies, a path to new management strategies, providing subsidies for the sampling and understanding of the occurrence of these pests in agricultural environments.
Freire, Rodrigo Mauro. "Modelagem matemática para a simulação de estratégias de controle biológico da mosca-do-mediterrâneo C. capitata (Diptera : Tephritidae), em plantações de citrus : "utilização de variáveis temporais e espaciais" /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99490.
Full textAbstract: Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are the main pests of the worldwide fruitculture. In Brazilian orchards of citrus, those flies are pests of great economic importance and they require quarantine measures. In Brazil, the most important tephritid genera are Anastrepha and Ceratitis, and the species that cause the greatest economic losses in the fruitculture of São Paulo State are A. fraterculus, A. obliqua and C. capitata. The current strategies for controlling these agricultural pests are being developed considering the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques, which use the combined application of different methods of pest control. Among the different strategies of IPM applied to control fruit flies in citrus orchards on São Paulo State, the use of toxic baits has a great importance. Nevertheless, recent studies indicate that an efficient agent for the biological control of fruit flies is the exotic braconid parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata. A very useful tool for planning the program of pest control is the mathematical modeling application, which combines information from different areas and simulates different environmental backgrounds, besides of analyzing the effectiveness of possible strategies for the integrated pest management. The present study presents a spatially explicit mathematical model that describes and simulates the biological interactions between the Mediterranean fruit fly C. capitata and its braconid parasitoid D. longicaudata in citric orchards. Furthermore, we also propose a new type of integrated pest management strategy for C. capitata (with possible applications to Anastrepha spp) based on the combined use of toxic baits and inundating releases of D. longicaudata in citrus orchards. For such management, we present computer simulations used to analyze optimal strategies for parasitoid releasing.
Orientador: Claudio José von Zuben
Coorientador: Silvio de Alencastro Pregnolatto
Banca: João Frederico da Costa Azevedo Meyer
Banca: Miguel Francisco de Souza Filho
Mestre
Migani, Valentina [Verfasser], Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Hoffmeister, and Martin [Gutachter] Diekmann. "Interaction between weaver ants, mango infesting fruit flies and their exotic parasitoids / Valentina Migani ; Gutachter: Thomas Hoffmeister, Martin Diekmann ; Betreuer: Thomas Hoffmeister." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1132756871/34.
Full textBomfim, Zuzinaide Vidal. "Análises morfométrica e molecular de espécies do grupo spatulata (Diptera, Tephritidae, Anastrepha)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-24052011-144652/.
Full textThe genus Anastrepha Schiner encompasses the dipterans known as fruit flies. The spatulata group comprises 11 species, however, those species that infest the aerial parts of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz, Euphorbiaceae) have received attention as they cause losses to cassava breeding programs. This study aimed at verifying variation in populations of Anastrepha alveata Stone, 1942, Anastrepha manihoti Lima, 1934, Anastrepha montei Lima, 1934, Anastrepha pickeli Lima, 1934 e Anastrepha spatulata Stone, 1942 and two undescribed species (Anastrepha n. sp. 2 and Anastrepha n. sp. 3) of the spatulata group from various localities in Brazil and also from Bolivia, Mexico and Paraguay. Ten females from each population were studied using morphometric methods (traditional and geometric) and analyzing six variables on the aculeus and 14 landmarks on the right wing, respectively. Sequencing of the citochrome oxidase (COI) gene was carried out to infer phylogenetic relationships among species. The morphometric data were evaluated by the software Statistica 9.0® and molecular analysis by the methods of maximum parsimony (MP) and neighbor-joining (NJ) (MEGA 4.1®). Aculeus tip length, aculeus width at the end of the cloaca opening and the serrate part length contributed significantly to distinguish among populations. The multivariate tests showed that the canonical variables were statistically significant indicating a difference in the wing conformation among populations. Landmarks of the intersections between vein R4+5 and costal, vein M and wing margin, vein CuA2 and wing margin, and Cu1 and M contributed the most. Molecular phylogenetic analysis indicated that populations clustered. Interpopulational variation was observed in Anastrepha pickeli Lima, 1934 according to the methods used in this study. Also, it was confirmed the separation of two species close to A. pickeli, which were previously recognized as new species (not described yet) based on exclusively morphology.
Oliveira, Monique Bárbara Rosa de. "Análise comparativa das espécies de Anastrepha (Diptera, Tephritidae) em três agroecossistemas no estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-30042015-164747/.
Full textFruit flies are among the main pests of the pomiculture worldwide. Due to their economic importance, studies on the ecological aspects among fruit fly communities are crucial. Thus, the objective of this work was to compare the population dynamics of Anastrepha species in three different agroecosystems of three municipalities of the state of São Paulo, Brazil: anthropic area in Piracicaba, natural area in Monte Alegre do Sul and agricultural area in Monte Alto. Fruit fly surveys were carried out using McPhail-type trap with food attractants. Comparisons of the fruit fly communities were based on faunistic indices. A total of 49.583 specimens were collected in the three agroecosystems divided in 22 species. Anastrepha fraterculus and A. sororcula were predominant in all three agroecosystems. Anastrepha bahiensis and A. grandis were also predominant in the natural areas, but in the anthropic area only A. pseudoparallela was predominant. All these species were classified as super for the indices dominance, abundance, frequency and constancy. Although the diversity index was high in the anthropic area, the highest richness index (Margalef) was in the natural area. The species distribution was more evenly in the agricultural area by the equitability index (Pielou). For the diversity beta, determined by the similarity coefficient (Sorensen), anthropic and natural areas had 80% of similarity, differing statistically from the similarity with the agricultural area. However, based on the Bray-Curtis coefficient, the natural areas was the most dissimilar, differing from the anthropic and agricultural areas. Based on the Euclidean distance, A. fraterculus had strong interaction in the three agroecosystems. According to the diversity indices for the three agroecosystems, the agricultural area, where pesticides were used, differed significantly from the anthropic and natural areas in both alpha and beta diversity.
Silva, Márcio Alves. "Perspectiva do emprego de limonoides do nim (Azadirachta indica) no controle comportamental de Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-10042015-101358/.
Full textAiming to contribute to the management of fruit flies in the vineyards, this research initially determined the concentration threshold of limonoids azadirachtin and 3-tigloylazadirachtol (AzaMax®) able to completely inhibit oviposition of Ceratitis capitata in grape fruits. Then the stimuli involved in the inhibition of oviposition of C. capitata by these limonoids were investigated. Subsequently, we evaluated the vineyard protection by limonoids against fruit flies in the production pole of Petrolina - PE, Brazil. Finally, we evaluated the residual biological activity of limonoids on C. capitata in vineyard in the production pole of Petrolina. The threshold concentration for complete inhibition of oviposition of C. capitata is 100 ppm of azadirachtin (+ 28.5 ppm of 3-tigloylazadirachtol) on the surface of grape fruits. The inhibition of oviposition is drastic from 50 ppm of azadirachtin (+ 14.3 ppm of 3-tigloylazadirachtol) with free choice of the host. The host selection by C. capitata is not affected by concentration equal to or less than 7.5 ppm of azadirachtin (2.14 ppm of 3-tigloylazadirachtol) on the fruits surface. The threshold concentration of 100 ppm of azadirachtin (+ 28.5 ppm of 3-tigloylazadirachtol) prevents the host to be recognized by C. capitata depending of the stimuli that promote caring (irritation), locomotion and consequent dispersion of insect. Thus, the limonoids (AzaMax®) can be qualified as repellents with low diffusion capacity. The limonoids in high concentration (AzaMax®) cause mortality of C. capitata, but do not prevent the injury and or infestation on grape clusters by C. capitata in a condition of low natural or artificial population in the field. The findings reported support the hypothesis that more detailed assessment for the effect of neem limonoids on C. capitata in field investigations are necessary. The perspective of behavioral control of fruit flies using neem limonoids was discussed, with special reference to C. capitata in vineyards.
Ogaugwu, Christian Ejikeme [Verfasser], Ernst A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wimmer, Gregor [Akademischer Betreuer] Bucher, and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Göpfert. "Biotechnological approaches to fight fruit flies of agricultural importance / Christian Ejikeme Ogaugwu. Gutachter: Ernst A. Wimmer ; Gregor Bucher ; Martin Göpfert. Betreuer: Ernst A. Wimmer." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1042529663/34.
Full textFanela, Thiago Luis Martins [UNESP]. "Efeito de óleos essenciais e extratos de diferentes espécies botânicas sobre bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biótipo b (Hemiptera: aleyrodidae) em tomateiro." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97173.
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A mosca-branca, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biótipo B, é uma praga de grande importância na cultura do tomateiro em todos os sistemas de cultivo. O controle é feito, comumente, utilizando-se inseticidas sintéticos; entretanto, devido aos conhecidos problemas socioambientais que essa tática apresenta, justifica-se o desenvolvimento de métodos alternativos de controle. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de extratos aquosos a 3% e óleos essenciais em diferentes concentrações provenientes de diferentes espécies vegetais (Azadiracta indica A. Juss, Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Mentha pulegium L., Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A. Gentry, Piper aduncum L., Piper callosum Ruiz & Pav., Pelargonium graveolens L'Her, Plectranthus neochilus Schltr., Ruta graveolens L., Trichilia casaretti C. DC., Toona ciliata M. Roemer, Trichilia pallida Swartz e Vitex agnus-castus L.) sobre B. tabaci biótipo B em tomateiro. Para tanto, foram realizados testes avaliando o efeito dos extratos aquosos e óleos essenciais no comportamento dos insetos adultos (aproximação e oviposição) e atividade inseticida (mortalidade) em condições de laboratório. Constatou-se que o extrato aquoso de T. ciliata diminuiu o número de insetos adultos e ovos em folíolos de tomateiro. O extrato aquoso de P. aduncum apresentou o maior efeito ovicida (eficiência de controle de 78,41%) e o extrato de T. pallida causou a maior mortalidade de ninfas e adultos de mosca-branca (eficiências de controle de 67,95% e 72,80%, respectivamente). O óleo essencial de P. callosum foi o mais eficiente na redução de adultos e ovos de mosca-branca nos folíolos de tomateiro. Quanto ao efeito fumigante, o óleo essencial de M. alliacea foi o mais eficaz, tanto para ninfas como...
Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biotype B is an important pest of tomato plants. In addition to the direct damage by sucking sap, the insect is also a vector of phytovirus. Aiming to evaluate the possible alternative methods of control this pest tests were conducted under laboratory conditions using aqueous extracts at 3% (weight/volume) and essential oils in different concentrations, evaluating the effect on behavior of adult insects (approach and oviposition) and insecticidal activity (mortality), from thirteen different plant species (Azadiracta indica A. Juss, Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Mentha pulegium L., Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A. Gentry, Piper aduncum L., Piper callosum Ruiz & Pav., Pelargonium graveolens L'Her, Plectranthus neochilus Schltr., Ruta graveolens L., Trichilia casaretti C. DC., Toona ciliata M. Roemer, Trichilia pallida Swartz e Vitex agnus-castus L.) in tomato. The results showed that extract from leaves of T. ciliata was the most effective in reducing adults and eggs of whitefly on tomato leaflets. P. aduncum extract was the most efficiency treatment in reducing the nymphs hatched (control efficiency of 78.41%). T. pallida extract was more efficient by causing higher mortality rate against the insect with control efficiency of 67.95% (nymphs) and 72.80% (adults). The essential oil of P. callosum was the most effective in reducing adults and eggs of whitefly on tomato leaflets. The essential oil of M. alliacea caused the highest mortality in nymphs and adults. For adults, LC50 after 6 hours was 0.07 μL/L of air and LT50 at the highest concentration was 1.98 hours. For nymphs, LC50 calculated after 72 hours fumigation was... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Raghu, Sathyamurthy, and n/a. "The Autecology of Bactrocera cacuminata (Hering) (Diptera:Tephritidae:Dacinae): Functional Significance of Resources." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030605.162831.
Full textAyres, Alvaro Remigio. "Moscas-das-frutas Diptera: Tephritidae na região nordeste do Pará." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2015. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/179.
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Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are a group of phytophagous insects with species that can take a pest status in a wide variety of fruit. Brazilian studies have been taken towards a range in biodiversity, population dynamics and interactions with hosts and parasitoids in different regions. However, in Brazilian Amazon, especially in the state of Pará, information about bioecology of these insects are sparse. Therefore this study aimed to do a faunistic analysis and to verify the profile of population fluctuation of tephritids at orchards in the city of Castanhal, Pará, besides to become fruit flies host and parasitoid known in this city and in others cities of that State. For the faunistic analysis and population dynamics it was collected tephritids with the aid of 15 McPhail traps which contained 400 ml of hydrolyzed maize protein as bait, in the period between January and December 2014. The traps were distributed in orchards in five locations in Castanhal, and they were installed on the treetops at a distance of 1.8 meter from the ground. Through faunistic analysis of harvested species it was measured the Shannon diversity index, Simpson dominance, Hill equitability modified, in addition to the recording of frequency, constancy, wealth and abundance of dominant species. For the fly fluctuation population fly/ trap / day (MAD) monthly index was related to the monthly values of rainfall (mm), relative humidity of air (%) and average temperature of air (oC) in such region. The study concerning to host and parasitoid fruit flies was performed by collecting fruits between November 2013 and January 2015 in Castanhal, São Francisco do Pará, Igarapé Açu, Iriuia, Capanema and Santa Luzia Pará, all of them cities in the state of Pará. The fruits were taken, brought to a laboratory and placed in plastic trays on a layer of vermiculite and then they were covered with a thin cloth to obtain pupae flies and adult insects (flies and/or parasitoids). It was collected in traps 6.322 tephritids (70.5% females and 29.5% males) which belong to 13 species, 12 from Anastrepha gender and a sample of Ceratitis capitata. Anastrepha obliqua was the only dominant specie and the most frequent one (89.60%), followed by Anastrepha distincta (5.97%) and Anastrepha leptozona Hendel (1.37%). It was noticed an increasing value of Simpson index (0.81) and intermediate values in indexes of Shannon (0.49) and Hill (0.62). There were tephritids captures in traps in all sampling months, with the highest population peak of Anastrepha registered in January, October, November and December. There was no significant correlation between fruit flies population dynamics and climatic parameters that have been studied. It was sampled twenty-eight fruit species which belong to 16 botanical families. It was obtained eight species of Anastrepha directly from host insects, with A. oblique predominance, and three parasitoid species Braconidae, highlighting Doryctobracon areolatus
As moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) são insetos fitófagos com espécies que podem assumir o status de praga em frutíferas. No Brasil estudos têm indicado variações na diversidade das moscas-das-frutas, dinâmica populacional e nas interações com hospedeiros e parasitoides. Entretanto, na Amazônia brasileira, sobretudo no Estado do Pará, as informações sobre a bioecologia destes tefritídeos são escassas. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a análise faunística e verificar o perfil da flutuação populacional das moscas-das-frutas em pomares domésticos do município de Castanhal, Pará, além de conhecer seus hospedeiros e parasitoides em municípios do referido Estado. Para os estudos de análise faunística e flutuação populacional foram coletados tefritídeos com auxílio de 15 armadilhas McPhail contendo proteína hidrolisada de milho como atrativo, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2014. As armadilhas foram distribuídas em pomares domésticos de cinco localidades de Castanhal, instaladas na copa de frutíferas. Na análise faunística foram avaliados os índices de diversidade de Shannon, dominância de Simpson, equitabilidade de Hill modificado, além do registro da frequência, constância, riqueza e número de espécies dominantes. Para a flutuação populacional o índice mosca/armadilha/dia (MAD) mensal foi correlacionado aos valores mensais de precipitação pluvial (mm), umidade relativa do ar (%) e temperatura média do ar (oC) da região. O estudo de hospedeiros e parasitoides de moscas-das-frutas foi realizado através de coletas de frutos, entre novembro de 2013 a janeiro de 2015, nos municípios paraenses de Castanhal, São Francisco do Pará, Igarapé Açu, Iriuia, Capanema e Santa Luzia do Pará. Os frutos foram coletados, levados para o laboratório, colocados em bandejas plásticas sobre uma camada de vermiculita e cobertos com tecido fino, para obtenção dos pupários das moscas e posteriormente dos adultos (moscas e/ou parasitóides). Foram coletados nas armadilhas 6.322 tefritídeos (70,5% fêmeas e 29,5% machos), pertencentes a 13 espécies, sendo 12 do gênero Anastrepha e um exemplar de Ceratitis capitata. Anastrepha obliqua foi à única espécie dominante, sendo também a mais frequente (89,60%). Observou-se elevado valor do índice de Simpson (0,81) e valores intermediários quanto aos índices de Shannon (0,49) e Hill (0,62). Os maiores picos populacionais de Anastrepha foram registrados em janeiro, outubro, novembro e dezembro. Não foi observada correlação significativa entre a flutuação populacional das moscas-das-frutas e os parâmetros climáticos estudados. Diretamente dos hospedeiros foram obtidas oito espécies de Anastrepha, com predomínio de A. obliqua, e três espécies parasitoides Braconidae, destacando-se Doryctobracon areolatus
Raghu, Sathyamurthy. "The Autecology of Bactrocera cacuminata (Hering) (Diptera:Tephritidae:Dacinae): Functional Significance of Resources." Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366116.
Full textThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
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Pimentel, Rodrigo Meirelles de Azevedo. "Qualidade pós-colheita da goiaba vermelha (Psidium guajava L.) submetida ao tratamento quarentenário por irradiação gama." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64132/tde-27082010-104654/.
Full textRed guava is not a well-known fruit by importing markets; however, it has a great commercial potential, since it is considered one of the most complete fruits in terms of nutritional quality. However, the presence of fruit-flies in fruits leads importing countries to impose commercial restrictions due to phytosanitary risk. The USA permit the use of irradiation to the quarantine control of Anastrepha spp. and Ceratitis Capitata with a minimum dose of 150 and 225 Gy, respectively. Since, there is a dose variation inside na irradiated container, which can be of 1:3, fruits must present commercial quality, even after irradiation with doses of up to three times higher than the minimum required dose. Therefore this works objective was the study of the quality of Pedro Sato guavas irradiated with 150 and 450 Gy and, also, 225 and 675 Gy, which represented minimum and maximum doses of quarantine control of Anastrepha spp. and C. capitata, respectively. In the first experiment, guavas were irradiated with 0, 150, 225, 450, 675 Gy and evaluated at 0, 2, 4 e 6 days after irradiation for the physic-chemical analysis. The determinations of disease incidence, peel darkening incidence, respiration rate and ethylene production was done in a daily basis. The sensory assessments took place 5 days after irradiation, in which the organoleptic assessments were irradiated with 0, 225 e 675 Gy. Guavas during this experiment were stored at 23 more or less 1oC e 85 more or less 5% RH. The results indicate that irradiation speeded up the ripening of guavas, increased disease incidence and mass loss. The respiratory rate and ethylene production was higher to the irradiated fruits until the fourth day of storage. In relation to the sensory analysis, superior organoleptic quality was found in non-irradiated fruits. In the second experiment, applied doses were identical to the ones of the firs experiment. Guavas were stored under refrigerated temperature (RT) at 10 more or less 1oC and 80 more or less 5% UR and analyzed at 0, 7 and 14 days; at 7 e 14 days guavas were transferred to ambient temperature (AT) of 23 more or less 1oC and 70 more or less 5% UR during two days to be analyzed again. Sensory analysis were made in guavas stored for 7 and 14 days at RT + 2 at AT. The results showed that irradiated guavas stored by 7 days at RT + 2 at AT were softened and the ones irradiated with 450 e 675 Gy presented pulp color less intense. In addition to these alterations irradiated guavas stored for 14 days at RT + 2 at AT presented incidence of peel darkening and higher mass loss. In relation to the sensory analysis, irradiated guavas stored for 7 days at RT + 2 at AT presented acceptable organoleptic quality, although inferior to the non-irradiated ones. In the other hand, guavas stored for 14 days at RT + 2 a AT presented unacceptable quality when irradiated with 675 Gy, whereas the non-irradiated and the irradiated with 225 Gy were only barely acceptable
Araujo, Elton Lucio de. "Dípteros frugívoros (Tephritidae e Lonchaeidae) na região de Mossoró/Assu, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-05072002-111822/.
Full textThe Mossoró/Assu region (RN), located in a semi-arid zone, is important as a center of fruit production and export, especially melons, Cucumis melo, and, mangoes, Mangifera indica. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate several aspects related to fruit flies (Dip.; Tephritidae) and lonchaeids (Dip.; Lonchaeidae) in this region. After two years of collection with McPhail traps and reared from fruits, ten tephritid species and a single lonchaeid species, Neosilba pendula (Bezzi), were detected. The most common fruit flies were Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi, A. obliqua (Mcquart), and Ceratitis capitata (Wied.). The highest infestation levels were observed on 'juá' fruits, Ziziphus joazeiro (Rhamnaceae) and on kumquats, Fortunella sp. (Rutaceae). In some months of the year, A. zenildae was considered as a pest in guava, Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae), orchards. Adult population, host availability, rainfall and temperature were the factors that most influenced the levels of guava fruit infestation by Anastrepha species. Neosilba pendula showed low infestation levels on fruit trees of region, but was considered as an important primary invader of "acerola", Malpighia emarginata (Malpighiaceae). Three parasitoid species (Braconidae) were obtained from fruit fly puparia, the most common being Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti).
Silva, Tibério Graco Araújo da. "Caracterização morfométrica e molecular de Anastrepha bistrigata Bezzi e Anastrepha striata Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-23092008-165128/.
Full textBecause of the fact that Anastrepha striata Schiner and Anastrepha bistrigata Bezzi are very similar morphologically and may also occur sympatrically, this study aimed to propose different ways to characterize them by using wing and aculeus morphometry, and mitochondrial DNA sequencing. This work also aimed to develop species-specific primers to allow for the differentiation between both species in sympatric areas. Six A. striata and two A. bistrigata populations were obtained from different regions from Brazil, Colombia and Bolivia. Specimens from different populations had their aculeus and wings removed and slide mounted for image acquisition under a stereomicroscope and morphometric analysis. Data collection for morphometry were taken for each specimen on eight segments of the aculeus and on 16 of the right wing. The molecular characterization consisted of the sequencing and analysis of a fragment of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene, and the development of species-specific primers. Morphometry did not indicate any consistent variation to allow for geographical characterization of different populations, but indicated A. striata and A. bistrigata are consistently different morphologically. Populations of either species from higher altitudes were larger than the ones at lower altitudes, and A. striata displayed a much higher intraespecific variation in morphology than A.bistrigata. COI nucleotide sequences for A. striata were very similar among the populations studied, and the molecular analysis did not yield groups that were related geographically. The COI analysis allowed the development of a set of species-specific primers that were divergent enough to allow for the discrimination of A. striata and A. bistrigata in multiplex PCR reactions.
Rupp, Luís Carlos Diel. "Percepção dos agricultores orgânicos em relação à Anastrepha Fraterculus (Wied.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) e efeito de preparados homeopáticos no controle da espécie em pomares de pessegueiro." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2005. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1226.
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Peach Prunus persica (L.) Batsch is an important cash crop cultivated in southern Brazil more specifically in the region of Encosta Superior do Nordeste belong to the state of Rio Grande do Sul . In that region, peach is cultivated in small areas by farmers that use family labour and have the diversification of activities as economic strategy. The potential for growing fresh peaches is enhanced by reaching local market in high quality fruit, and having premium prices for that. This study was carried out in two parts. The first one aimed to know the perception of peach organic growers facing the fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus. The second part, three experiments were conducted in randomised blocks for testing the effect of homeophatic compounds to control A. fraterculus. The treatments consisted of nosodium of A. fraterculus and Staphysagria in two dilution levels, CH3 and CH6, combined by two application intervals , 5 and 10 days. A commercial Composto A , made with several herbs and largely used by organic farmers was evaluated in the third experiment. All experiments were conducted in organic orchard systems located in Antônio Prado, Rio Grande do Sul. Two experiments were conducted during the 2003-2004 crop cycle and another during the 2004-2005 crop cycle. The homeophatic compounds were prepared according to the Farmacopéia Homeopática Brasileira (1997). From the result we could see that farmers have a diversity of varieties of peach and production was mainly offered to local market. Anastrepha fraterculus was the only specie found into traps and fruits. The homeophatic compounds did not reduce significantly the A. fraterculus infestation compare to the proof. Fruit losses due to fly infestation varied from 40 to 98,3%. Nevertheless two treatments differed to the worst preparation treatment and can be used as an alternative treatment combined with other crop management measures. Although Composto A had the lowest infestation level (38%) it did not difered to the proof (63%). More studies would be necessary to recommend homeophatic compounds for protecting preaches from fruit fly. Besides bagging individual fruits, planting early maturation cultivars would an efficacy measure to control fruit fly although local monitoring is needed. In another hand, the preference for using Composto A by the organic farmers showed the fragility of the peach organic system studied
A cultura do pessegueiro Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, possui fundamental importância para a economia da Região da Serra Gaúcha geograficamente conhecida como encosta superior do nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul, onde é cultivado em minifúndios. O pessegueiro representa importante alternativa na diversificação da matriz produtiva, gerando renda em pequenas áreas e empregando mão-de-obra familiar. Neste trabalho, estudou-se a percepção dos agricultores frente à mosca-das-frutas sul americana Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied) (Diptera: Tephritidae) e a eficiência de preparados homeopáticos no manejo da mesma. Questionário semi-estruturado foi aplicado em 12 agricultores na região da Serra Gaúcha que adotam sistema de cultivo orgânico do pessegueiro. No estudo de preparados homeopáticos, três experimentos foram conduzidos também em sistema de cultivo orgânico com a variedade Chiripá, delineados em blocos ao acaso, sendo dois no ciclo de cultivo 2003/04 e um no ciclo 2004/05 no município de Antônio Prado, RS. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de nosódios de adultos de A. fraterculus e do composto homeopático Staphysagria na terceira e sexta diluição centesimal hahnemanniana, combinados a intervalos de aplicação de cinco ou 10 dias. O produto comercial Composto A, formulado a base de fermentados de plantas foi testado no ciclo de cultivo 2004/05. Os preparados homeopáticos foram obtidos conforme Farmácia Homeopática Brasileira (1997). Observou-se que os agricultores diversificam o cultivo do pessegueiro com uso de diferentes variedades, destinando sua produção aos mercados locais. Dados experimentais evidenciaram redução na infestação da mosca-das-frutas na primeira colheita com uso de..Staphysagria na Sexta diluição centesimal e Nosódio de Mosca-das-frutas também na Sexta diluição centesimal, respectivamente no primeiro e segundo experimento. Entretanto nenhuma das combinações testadas diferiu da testemunha sem intervenção. Perdas na produção de frutos variaram de 40 a 98,3%. Da mesma forma, o Composto A embora tenha apresentado a menor porcentagem de frutos infestados (38%) não diferiu da testemunha (63%). Pelo relato dos agricultores e pelos dados obtidos sobre a dinâmica populacional da mosca-das-frutas, observou-se que o cultivo de variedades precoces de pessegueiros aparece como medida mais eficaz para reduzir as perdas de frutas provocadas pela mosca-das-frutas sul americana, além do próprio ensacamento de frutos. Entretanto, pela praticidade apresentada os agricultores orgânicos, estes demonstraram preferência para uso do Composto A, o que revela a fragilidade das estratégias atualmente empregadas para o manejo desta praga na região da Serra Gaúcha
Balagawi, Solomon. "Comparative Ecology of Bactrocera Cucumis (French) and Bactrocera Tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae) - Understanding the Life History Consequences of Host Selection and Oviposition Behaviour." Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366527.
Full textThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
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Corsato, Clarice Diniz Alvarenga. "Moscas-das-Frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) em pomares de goiaba no norte de Minas Gerais: biodiversidade, parasitóides e controle biológico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-29092004-165942/.
Full textThe occurrence of fruit flies is a factor of concern every year in the irrigated areas in the north of Minas Gerais State, mainly in guava orchards, because they cause increases in the costs and losses in the production. To establish a fruit fly program control, it is necessary the previous knowledge of the ecological aspects of the tephritids and its parasitoids. Therefore, the objective of this work was to know the biodiversity of fruit flies and its parasitoids in two commercial guava orchards, the fruit flies infestation levels and the capacity of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata to parasitize fruit flies in guava in the north of Minas Gerais State. After three years of samplings, with McPhail type traps and on fruits, a total of 48,482 tephritids, was collected being 45,012 specimens of Anastrepha and 3,470 of Ceratitis capitata. Eighteen species of Anastrepha were captured; A. turpiniae, A. manihoti, A. leptozona and A. barbiellinii were registered for the first time in the north of Minas Gerais State. A. zenildae and A. fraterculus represented 90% of all fruit flies collected in traps and were placed in the category super of dominancy, frequency, abundance and constancy. Only C. capitata, A. zenildae, A. fraterculus, A. sororcula, A. obliqua and A. turpiniae emerged from fruits. From these, A. zenildae (58,8%), A. fraterculus (13,5%) and C. capitata (20,7%) corresponded to 93% of the total females collected, and they caused high infestation levels in the orchard located in Jaiba. In Nova Porteirinha, three species of Anastrepha were associated to A. fraterculus (50,3%), A. zenildae (37,8%) and A. obliqua (3,2%), besides C. capitata (8.6% of the total females). In the two orchards, the highest infestation occurred from March to July/2003, influenced mainly by the availability of mature fruits. Interaction of A. zenildae and A. fraterculus occurred in the exploration of guava in the orchard located in Nova Porteirinha. The relationship between infestation percentage and infestation intensity was discussed. The natural parasitism of fruit flies in commercial guava orchards in the north of Minas Gerais State was very low. Of the 283 parasitoids collected, the braconid Doryctobracon areolatus and three specimens of the eucoiline Aganaspis pelleranoi were recorded. There was a positive correlation between the number of adults of braconids and the number of Anastrepha spp. It was recovered 37 specimens of D. longicaudata (24 in Jaiba and 13 in Nova Porteirinha), which revealed that this species completed the cycle under local conditions. Therefore, there is a great success in establishment of D. longicaudata in this region without damaging the preexisting tritrophic relations.