Journal articles on the topic 'Fruit Diseases and pests Integrated control'
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1
Rodríguez-García, Miguel Ángel, Francisco García-Sánchez, and Rafael Valencia-García. "Knowledge-Based System for Crop Pests and Diseases Recognition." Electronics 10, no. 8 (April 10, 2021): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10080905.
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With the rapid increase in the world’s population, there is an ever-growing need for a sustainable food supply. Agriculture is one of the pillars for worldwide food provisioning, with fruits and vegetables being essential for a healthy diet. However, in the last few years the worldwide dispersion of virulent plant pests and diseases has caused significant decreases in the yield and quality of crops, in particular fruit, cereal and vegetables. Climate change and the intensification of global trade flows further accentuate the issue. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an approach to pest control that aims at maintaining pest insects at tolerable levels, keeping pest populations below an economic injury level. Under these circumstances, the early identification of pests and diseases becomes crucial. In this work, we present the first step towards a fully fledged, semantically enhanced decision support system for IPM. The ultimate goal is to build a complete agricultural knowledge base by gathering data from multiple, heterogeneous sources and to develop a system to assist farmers in decision making concerning the control of pests and diseases. The pest classifier framework has been evaluated in a simulated environment, obtaining an aggregated accuracy of 98.8%.
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Chen, Liming, Heping Zhu, Leona Horst, Matthew Wallhead, Michael Reding, and Amy Fulcher. "Management of Pest Insects and Plant Diseases in Fruit and Nursery Production with Laser-guided Variable-rate Sprayers." HortScience 56, no. 1 (January 2021): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci15491-20.
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Laser-guided variable-rate intelligent spray technology is anticipated to reduce pesticide use in production of crops and safeguard the environment. However, the ability of this technology to effectively control insect pests and diseases of crops must be validated before it becomes part of integrated pest management programs. Abilities of three different intelligent sprayers were tested to control pest insects and plant diseases at one fruit farm and two ornamental nurseries in Ohio during three consecutive growing seasons. The same sprayers with disabled intelligent functions were used as conventional constant-rate applications for comparisons. Test crops were apple (Malus pumila), peach (Prunus persica), blueberry (Vaccinium sect. Cyanococcus), black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis), crabapple (Malus sp.), maple (Acer sp.), birch (Betula sp.), and dogwood (Cornus florida). There were five insects and six diseases total involved in the investigations in the fruit farm and two nurseries. The field tests showed the intelligent spray applications reduced pesticide and foliar fertilizer use by ≈30% to 65% on average during the 3-year experiments. At the same time, intelligent spray technology was similar or more effective than conventional spray technology when controlling insects and diseases on a variety of crops. These results demonstrated that intelligent spray technology was environmentally friendly and more effective for control of insect and disease pests in fruit farms and ornamental tree nurseries.
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Prokopy, Ronald J., Daniel R. Cooley, Wesley R. Autio, and William M. Coli. "Second-level integrated pest management in commercial apple orchards." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 9, no. 4 (December 1994): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300005890.
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AbstractAs historical background helpful to understanding current concepts and practices of apple pest management, we review the origin and rise of key pests of apple in North America and the evolution of approaches to their management, culminating with the concept of integrated pest management (IPM). We propose four levels of integration of orchard pest management practices. First-level IPM integrates chemically based and biologically based management tactics for a single class of pests, such as arthropods, diseases, weeds or vertebrates. Second-level IPM, the focus of our effort here, integrates multiple management tactics across all classes of pests. We describe components of second-level IPM for Massachusetts apple orchards, which are threatened each year by an exceptionally broad range of injurious pests. We illustrate the tentative advantages and shortcomings of second-level IPM using 1993 data from six commercial orchard test blocks. Our predominant approach was to use chemically based tactics for controlling arthropods, diseases and weeds early in the growing season, and afterwards to rely exclusively (for insects) or largely (for other pests) on biologically based tactics, such as cultural, behavioral, and biological controls. Compared with nearby first-level IPM blocks, insecticide use in 1993 was reduced substantially (about 30%), with only slightly more insect injury to fruit and little difference in populations of foliar insect pests. The results for mite pests and diseases were less encouraging although summer pruning significantly reduced disease injury caused by flyspeck. We discuss how second-level IPM poses special biological or operational challenges to apple pest management practitioners. The concept has merit, but refinements are necessary before it can be recommended broadly to commercial apple growers in Massachusetts as an economical and reliable alternative to first-level IPM.
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Brown, Gerald, Ricardo Bessin, John Hartman, Dwight Wolfe, and John Strang. "COMPARISON OF INTEGRATED CROP MANAGEMENT AND A SCHEDULED PREVENTATIVE PEST CONTROL PROGRAM IN A COMMERCIAL APPLE ORCHARD." HortScience 27, no. 11 (November 1992): 1169b—1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.11.1169b.
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Apple growers in Kentucky normally control pests on a preventative schedule involving fifteen or more chemical applications annually. IPM technology designed to provide growers information about the threat of diseases and insects was used in a demonstration plot in a Daviess County orchard and in the U.K. research orchard, Princeton. The IPM systems used in Daviess County resulted in 6 less applications of pesticides than the traditional system, a savings of approximately $130 per acre. When compared to the traditional preventative spray schedule, the IPM treated apples showed no differences in fruit quality and in orchard diseases and insect infestations. The decreased pesticide use has the potential to reduce applicator exposure, residues on fruit, and the environmental impact of these chemicals. The results of this demonstration were shared with and received an enthusiastic response from growers, Extension personnel, students, consumers, and the news media. The project demonstrated the feasibility of using apple IPM by a Kentucky grower, and it provided students an insight into applied biology.
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González-Núñez, Manuel, Pilar Sandín-España, Miguelina Mateos-Miranda, Guillermo Cobos, Antonieta De Cal, Ismael Sánchez-Ramos, Jose-Luis Alonso-Prados, and Inmaculada Larena. "Development of a Disease and Pest Management Program to Reduce the Use of Pesticides in Sweet-Cherry Orchards." Agronomy 12, no. 9 (August 23, 2022): 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12091986.
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A protocol for managing the main diseases and pests of sweet cherry in Spain (New IPM) has been implemented in order to reduce the use of pesticides. This New IPM includes nonchemical strategies, such as biological products against diseases and mass trapping of pests, and adjusts the timing and number of pesticide applications according to damage thresholds and a predictive model of diseases based on climatic factors. The New IPM was compared—in commercial orchards from the main cherry-producing areas in Spain (Aragon and Extremadura)—to the integrated management usually carried out in these areas (Standard IPM). Furthermore, a multiresidue method for the determination of the residues in cherries was developed. The number of applications, active ingredients used, and residue levels in fruit were reduced very significantly with this New IPM without affecting the effectiveness in the control of the main cherry diseases (brown rot, shot-hole, and leaf-spot) and pests (European cherry fly, spotted wing drosophila, and black cherry aphid). Neither significant differences in the abundance and diversity of microorganisms in flowers and fruit nor soil and canopy dwelling arthropods were observed between the two protocols, although some positive effects of this New IPM were seen on some groups of natural enemies.
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Sabatino, D’Anna, Prinzivalli, and Iapichino. "Soil Solarization and Calcium Cyanamide Affect Plant Vigor, Yield, Nutritional Traits, and Nutraceutical Compounds of Strawberry Grown in a Protected Cultivation System." Agronomy 9, no. 9 (September 5, 2019): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9090513.
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Soil solarization is a hydrothermal procedure of disinfesting soil of soilborne diseases and pests. Solarization can be combined with many other chemical or non-chemical alternatives to afford integrated pest and diseases management or improve plant yield. Calcium cyanamide (CaCN2) is a fertilizer used in agriculture sector and is also effective in suppressing soilborne pathogens. The present study assessed the influences of different pre-plant CaCN2 dosages on strawberry grown on solarized or non-solarized soil. Soil solarization and 500 kg ha−1 CaCN2 significantly increased early marketable yield by 105.3%, total marketable yield by 53.0% and firmness by 3.0%, respectively compared with the control (no solarization × 0 kg ha−1 of CaCN2). Exposing solarized plots to CaCN2 at 1000 kg ha−1 significantly increased fruit ascorbic acid content by 77.5% and phenolic content by 13.3% compared with fruits from control plants. Overall, plants grown on solarized soil performed better than those cultivated on no-solarized plots. Plants grown on soil treated with a dosage of 500 or 1000 kg ha−1 CaCN2 increased plant height, number of shoots plant−1, number of leaves plant−1, root collar diameter, plant visual quality, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity compared to control plants. Fruits from plants grown on soil exposed to CaCN2 with a dosage of 500 and 1000 kg ha−1 showed a lower N fruit content (5.4 and 19.5%, respectively) than control plants (non-treated control).
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Miyinzi Mwungu, Chris, Beatrice Muriithi, Vincent Ngeno, Hippolyte Affognon, Caroline Githiomi, Gracious Diiro, and Sunday Ekesi. "Health and environmental effects of adopting an integrated fruit fly management strategy among mango farmers in Kenya." African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 15, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53936/afjare.2020.15(1).02.
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Integrated pest management (IPM) has been promoted globally as an alternative approach to the widespread broad-spectrum chemical insecticidal application for the control of pests and diseases in agricultural production to minimise the harmful effects of the chemicals on humans and the environment. This study examines the impact of an IPM strategy developed to control mango fruit flies on humans and the environment. Using a random sample of 371 mango farmers from Meru County in Kenya, health and environmental outcomes were measured using the environmental impact quotient (EIQ) field use and causal impacts, which were estimated using the endogenous switching regression (ESR) model. The results indicate that the adoption of the IPM strategy reduced pesticide use and pesticide toxicity. Policy efforts therefore should focus on promoting and disseminating fruit fly IPM to improve the livelihoods of rural mango farmers, but also reduce human health and environmental threats as a result of pesticide use.
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Palou, Lluís, Silvia Valencia-Chamorro, and María Pérez-Gago. "Antifungal Edible Coatings for Fresh Citrus Fruit: A Review." Coatings 5, no. 4 (December 4, 2015): 962–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings5040962.
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According to their origin, major postharvest losses of citrus fruit are caused by weight loss, fungal diseases, physiological disorders, and quarantine pests. Cold storage and postharvest treatments with conventional chemical fungicides, synthetic waxes, or combinations of them are commonly used to minimize postharvest losses. However, the repeated application of these treatments has led to important problems such as health and environmental issues associated with fungicide residues or waxes containing ammoniacal compounds, or the proliferation of resistant pathogenic fungal strains. There is, therefore, an increasing need to find non-polluting alternatives to be used as part of integrated disease management (IDM) programs for preservation of fresh citrus fruit. Among them, the development of novel natural edible films and coatings with antimicrobial properties is a technological challenge for the industry and a very active research field worldwide. Chitosan and other edible coatings formulated by adding antifungal agents to composite emulsions based on polysaccharides or proteins and lipids are reviewed in this article. The most important antifungal ingredients are selected for their ability to control major citrus postharvest diseases like green and blue molds, caused by Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum, respectively, and include low-toxicity or natural chemicals such as food additives, generally recognized as safe (GRAS) compounds, plant extracts, or essential oils, and biological control agents such as some antagonistic strains of yeasts or bacteria.
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Khamidi, Tamrin, Suryo Wiyono, Kusuma Darma, and Awang Maharijaya. "TINGKAT SERANGAN LALAT BUAH DAN THRIPS PADA CABAI DENGAN BERBAGAI TEKNIK PENGENDALIAN HAMA DAN PENYAKIT." Jurnal Bioindustri 3, no. 2 (May 30, 2021): 658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31326/jbio.v3i2.755.
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Microbe-intensive technology is an integrated package of various biocontrol agents in chili cultivation. This technology was known to be effective in suppressing various chili diseases. The effect of this technique on the two mayor pests of chili, i.e. fruit flies (Bactrocera sp) and thrips (Thrips sp) is still unknown. The aim of this study was to find out the effect of microbeintensive technology on the infestation intensity of fruit flies and thrips on chili pepper. The study consisted of four treatments, namely fully microbe- intensive, microbe- intensive in the nursery, conventional, and control. The research was conducted in three locations with different altitudes. Infestation intensity of fruit fly were observed at 10 and 11 weeks after planting, while observations of infestation intensity of thrips were carried out once a week from 2 to 10 weeks after planting. The application of microbe-intensive technology significantly reduced the infestation rate of fruit flies. Microbe-intensive technology reduced thrips infestation at two planting locations, i.e. Margasari and Bojong, but It was not significantly affect the thrips infestation on Bumijawa.
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Furmanczyk, Ewa M., Claude-Eric Parveaud, Maxime Jacquot, François Warlop, Jutta Kienzle, Markus Kelderer, Alfredo Mora Vargas, et al. "An Overview of Pest and Disease Occurrence in Organic Pome Fruit Orchards in Europe and on the Implementation of Practices for Their Control." Agriculture 12, no. 12 (December 12, 2022): 2136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12122136.
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There is limited data regarding the specific problems faced by organic fruit growers when dealing with plant protection, particularly at a European Union level, though some general knowledge about pest and disease incidence can be found. Such information is crucial to improve the efficacy of a targeted knowledge transfer to organic fruit growers and advisors aiming at an increased adoption of innovative practices. A survey was thus carried out in seventeen European countries (16 EU member states and Switzerland), within the framework of the EU-funded project BIOFRUITNET, aiming at filling this knowledge gap also in terms of research needs. A questionnaire including a section about general aspects of orchard management (functional biodiversity, fertilization management, varietal/rootstock selection) and a section specifically dedicated to pest and disease occurrence and management in organic orchards was utilized to interview about 250 professionals (farmers and advisors), 155 of which were involved in pome fruits (including apple and pear) production. The analysis of the answers related to plant protection pointed out a varied situation about pest and disease occurrence in apple and pear orchards across Europe, though related to the zonal location of the respondent. However, more than 50% of respondents generally considered just few among the most damaging ones, normally co-occurring in the orchards. Interestingly, regardless of the respondents’ nationality or zonal location, more pests than diseases were indicated as relevant agents threatening organic pome fruits production. Nevertheless, only few measures promoting functional biodiversity in the orchards resulted in being broadly implemented in all regions. The analysis of the data underlines the strong demand for the development of a toolbox of measures that can be integrated successfully into the general orchard management strategy including the successful enhancement of functional or general biodiversity.
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Peck, Gregory M., Ian A. Merwin, Michael G. Brown, and Arthur M. Agnello. "Integrated and Organic Fruit Production Systems for ‘Liberty’ Apple in the Northeast United States: A Systems-based Evaluation." HortScience 45, no. 7 (July 2010): 1038–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.7.1038.
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A systems-based approach was used to evaluate integrated (IFP) and organic fruit production (OFP) (during and after the transition period) in an established high-density commercial orchard of disease-resistant ‘Liberty’ apples (Malus ×domestica Borkh.). Agroecological and economic evaluations included: yields, tree growth, leaf nutrient levels, arthropod and cosmetic fruit damage, environmental impacts, variable costs of production, and potential crop value using both direct market and wholesale market prices. Cumulative yields (2004–2007) of both harvested and total (harvested + dropped) fruit were not different between the two systems. Tree size (trunk cross-sectional area) was not consistently different between the production systems. The IFP-grown apples had between 3% and 6% insect damage (within normal percentages for this region) and between 3% and 17% total damage (either internal or cosmetic). The OFP-grown apples had between 3% and 25% insect damage and 3% to 75% total damage, varying greatly from year to year. In 2006, superficial blemishes, caused by diseases and scarfskin, were extensive on OFP-grown fruit. Using the Environmental Impact Quotient, the potential negative environmental impacts were estimated to be six times greater in the OFP system, largely as a result of the use of lime sulfur and fish oil for thinning and the large quantity of kaolin clay used for pest control. Partial budgets of both systems estimated variable production expenses to be 9% greater for OFP. Sales value was estimated to be 6% greater for OFP than IFP using direct market prices (e.g., farm stand or farmers' market) and 11% greater for IFP than OFP using wholesale market prices. A 56% premium was used to calculate the OFP crop value in the third and fourth years (fruit could have been sold with an organic label after 36 months from the last organically prohibited material). Four years of evaluation suggested that IFP could be widely implemented in the northeastern United States, but the lack of market incentives might impede its adoption. Producing disease-resistant apples under an OFP system also showed potential for success, but a price premium would be needed to offset the reduced profitability incurred from arthropod pests, poor fruit finish, and small fruit size.
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Boston, William, Diana Leemon, and John Paul Cunningham. "Virulence Screen of Beauveria Bassiana Isolates for Australian Carpophilus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) Beetle Biocontrol." Agronomy 10, no. 8 (August 17, 2020): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081207.
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Carpophilus beetles are serious pests of Australian fruit and nut crops, causing significant damage through adult and larval feeding and vectoring plant diseases. Six strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana ((Balsamo) Vuillemin; Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), isolated from a range of hosts in Australia, together with one commercial strain, were screened for virulence to adult and larval stages of Carpophilus attacking stone fruits (C. davidsoni (Dobson)) and almonds (C. truncatus (Murray)) under laboratory conditions. The two species differed significantly in their susceptibility to the B. bassiana isolates. In the adult beetle assay, C. truncatus had a maximum Abbott’s control corrected mortality of 19% when treated with the most effective isolate, B54, compared to 52% for C.davidsoni. In larval bioassays, mortality rates for the two species were generally higher than adults: four isolates caused greater than 80% mortality in C. davidsoni; while only one isolate was considered effective against C. truncatus (causing 73% mortality), all other isolates caused less than 40% mortality. The results indicate promising potential for B. bassiana to be applied as a biopesticide as part of an integrated pest management strategy, which might take the form of a soil application against larvae or an autodissemination program using adult beetles.
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Rahman, MS, M. Khatun, ML Rahman, and SR Haque. "Assessment of training needs on crop production for farmers in some selected areas of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 4 (December 4, 2018): 669–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v43i4.39165.
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The study attempts to determine the training needs of the farmers emphasizing nine selected major thematic areas. Under each major component, specific and relevant training needs item were collected and systematically incorporated into an interview schedule and administered in terms of frequency of training imparted. Four districts were purposively selected for the study and a total of eighty farmers were randomly selected from four districts. Primary data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study revealed that more male was involved in farming and 45% farmers were middle age category (30-39 years). Majority of the farmers completed primary level of education compared to other categories and family size of more than half (60 %) of the respondents was three. Majority number of respondents (57%) had more than 10 years farming experience. A small number of farmers (8.75%) had owned agricultural land and 45% had land between 0.50- 1 hectare. More than 75% of annual gross income of 57.50% farmers came from agricultural activities. More than half (55%) of the respondents collected information on crop and its varieties by own attempt while about 34% was informed from seed seller or dealer. Farmers in Chattogram district had first priority to get training on integrated pest and diseases management, production of bio control agents and bio pesticides, marketing and transportation. Water management, integrated pest and disease management, vermi-compost production, marketing and transportation ranked first in Khagrachori district. The areas of priority for training in Rajshahi district were production and management technology, processing and value addition, marketing and transportation, integrated pest and disease management, water management and vermi-compost production. Training on integrated pest and disease management, bio-control of pests and diseases, production of bio control agents and bio pesticides, production of off-season vegetables, vermi-compost production, marketing and transportation were most emphasized by the respondents in Rangpur district. Respondents defined identification of adulterated fertilizer, insecticide and pesticide application, disease and insects of mango varieties and fruit bagging system of mango as very good type of training. The study concluded that there is an urgent need to design regular training programs in identified thematic areas to fulfill the knowledge gap among the farmers of Bangladesh.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(4): 669-690, December 2018
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Wang, Peng, Tong Niu, and Dongjian He. "Tomato Young Fruits Detection Method under Near Color Background Based on Improved Faster R-CNN with Attention Mechanism." Agriculture 11, no. 11 (October 28, 2021): 1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111059.
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The information of tomato young fruits acquisition has an important impact on monitoring fruit growth, early control of pests and diseases and yield estimation. It is of great significance for timely removing young fruits with abnormal growth status, improving the fruits quality, and maintaining high and stable yields. Tomato young fruits are similar in color to the stems and leaves, and there are interference factors, such as fruits overlap, stems and leaves occlusion, and light influence. In order to improve the detection accuracy and efficiency of tomato young fruits, this paper proposes a method for detecting tomato young fruits with near color background based on improved Faster R-CNN with an attention mechanism. First, ResNet50 is used as the feature extraction backbone, and the feature map extracted is optimized through Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM). Then, Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) is used to integrate high-level semantic features into low-level detailed features to enhance the model sensitivity of scale. Finally, Soft Non-Maximum Suppression (Soft-NMS) is used to reduce the missed detection rate of overlapping fruits. The results show that the mean Average Precision (mAP) of the proposed method reaches 98.46%, and the average detection time per image is only 0.084 s, which can achieve the real-time and accurate detection of tomato young fruits. The research shows that the method in this paper can efficiently identify tomato young fruits, and provides a better solution for the detection of fruits with near color background.
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Creamer, Nancy G., Mark A. Bennett, Benjamin R. Stinner, and John Cardina. "A Comparison of Four Processing Tomato Production Systems Differing in Cover Crop and Chemical Inputs." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 121, no. 3 (May 1996): 559–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.121.3.559.
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Four tomato production systems were compared at Columbus and Fremont, Ohio: 1) a conventional system; 2) an integrated system [a fall-planted cover-crop mixture of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), rye (Secale cereale L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) killed before tomato planting and left as mulch, and reduced chemical inputs]; 3) an organic system (with cover-crop mixture and no synthetic chemical inputs); and (4) a no-input system (with cover-crop mixture and no additional management or inputs). Nitrogen in the cover-crop mixture above-ground biomass was 220 kg·ha-1 in Columbus and 360 kg·ha-1 in Fremont. Mulch systems (with cover-crop mixture on the bed surface) had higher soil moisture levels and reduced soil maximum temperatures relative to the conventional system. Overall, the cover-crop mulch suppressed weeds as well as herbicide plots, and no additional weed control was needed during the season. There were no differences in the frequency of scouted insect pests or diseases among the treatments. The number of tomato fruit and flower clusters for the conventional system was higher early in the season. In Fremont, the plants in the conventional system had accumulated more dry matter 5 weeks after transplanting. Yield of red fruit was similar for all systems at Columbus, but the conventional system yielded higher than the other three systems in Fremont. In Columbus, there were no differences in economic return above variable costs among systems. In Fremont, the conventional systems had the highest return above variable costs.
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Radiyanto, Indriya, Siswanto Siswanto, and Indra Tjahaya Amir. "Biopesticides And Biofertigation Practice to Overcome Land Fertility and Plants Cultivation Problems in Magetan District." AJARCDE | Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment 2, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29165/ajarcde.v2i1.6.
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Magetan Regency is one of the leading fruit production centers (Pamelo Oranges) and vegetables in East Java. Production of Pamelo orange as a superior product of Magetan regency, during the last 10 years tends to decrease both in terms of quantity and quality. This is as a result of fruit fly pest attack is quite massive and viral; as well as vegetable crops that still depends on pesticide and chemical fertilizers. Quantity and quality of fruit and vegetable products are still not optimal because: 1). There are still pests and diseases that can not be controlled in an environmentally friendly manner, 2) The cultivation of pamelo and vegetable plants in Magetan regency has not been fully applied organic fertilizer intake, 3). Gardening irrigation technology still relies on rain water and semi-technical irrigation. The objective of the action research through Community Partnership Program (CPP) is to provide a touch of science and technology that is expected to accelerate the creative economic activities of the community by providing skills training based on organic materials including: 1. The utilization of yard land by planting vegetables; 2. The production soil enhancer; 3. Production of urine-based biopesticide ; 4. Simple book keeping practice in small-medium scale agriculture, and 5. Production of Pamelo orange-based food. The methods used in facilitating the improvement of skills of farmers and dairy farmers joined in micro small and medium enterprises including lecture, field practice and mentoring. The result of activities is expected to be able to: a). improve farmers skills in good plant care through integrated pest and disease control and organic based fertilization through fertigation. b). Make environmentally friendly fertilizers and pesticides independently. c). Increasing the production and quality of agricultural products. d). Innovative organic biofertilizers products.
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Hata, F. T., M. U. Ventura, V. L. Béga, I. M. Camacho, and M. T. de Paula. "Chinese chives and garlic in intercropping in strawberry high tunnels for Neopamera bilobata Say (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) control." Bulletin of Entomological Research 109, no. 4 (May 8, 2018): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485318000299.
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AbstractStrawberry is affected by several pests and diseases. Neopamera bilobata is an emerging pest that has been reported by several strawberry growers, usually associated with catfacing symptoms in fruits. We evaluated intercropping garlic or Chinese chives on N. bilobata populations on strawberry crops grown in high tunnels in two experiments. In the first experiment, we evaluated N. bilobata populations on strawberry intercropping with garlic plants (three densities: 8, 16, 24 GP – garlic plant per plot) on the bags by taking 12 samples from December 2015 to April 2017. N. bilobata populations on strawberry were also assessed when Chinese chives were grown under the suspended wooden structures in which strawberry plants are grown (‘undercropping’) (14 samples), in two high tunnels, from November 2016 to March 2017. The number of nymphs and adults on 14 randomly selected fruits per plot were assessed. During the garlic intercropping experiment, the treatments of three densities of garlic reduced N. bilobata populations; however, the 24 GP treatment caused a greater reduction than the 8 GP treatment. Garlic densities reduced N. bilobata populations by 35, 50, and 64% for the 8, 16, and 24 GP treatments, respectively. Chinese chives cultivated under the structures reduced N. bilobata populations by 47%. The results suggest that intercropping garlic or undercropping Chinese chives are suitable tools to be tested in integrated pest management in strawberry crops.
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Sarjan, Muhammad, Moh Taufik Fauzi, and Ruth Stella P. Thei. "Introduction of Integrated Pest Management Practices in Urban Farming in Mataram City During the Covid-19 Pandemic." Unram Journal of Community Service 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/ujcs.v3i3.192.
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The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has encouraged people to adopt a healthier lifestyle and at the same time carry out a number of environmentally friendly activities such as urban farming. Besides helping to guarantee the food security aspect of urban areas, urban farming also helps create green open spaces. Even so, urban farming also has a negative impact, if it is carried out with a system that is not wise and effective, such as it can cause increased noise pollution, air pollution, flooding, water wastage, and even potential as a breeding ground for mosquitoes that transmit various diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to educate the public about various aspects needed in the implementation of urban farming, one of which is how to implement Integrated Pest Management (Known as PHT). The method used in this activity is the Action Research Method by applying the Participatory Action Program approach from the participants through discussion, and group work in all activities. The results of group discussions at KWT Bunga Matahari, and other urban farming groups in Kekalek and in Ampenan show that the majority of urban farming communities are very interested in developing various types of fresh vegetables and fruit in their yards as part of the Department of Sustainable Food Home Areas (KRPL) program. Food Security of the Province of NTB and the City of Mataram. Group discussions also revealed that group members became more active during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially during WFH in the early days of the pandemic. They feel the benefits of farming activities in the yard because it really helps meet the family's food needs, especially fresh vegetables. However, most of the target group members are still not familiar with environmentally friendly cultivation techniques, especially in terms of integrated pest management. Although in fact, they are not aware that there are several activities that include PHT, such as monitoring, planting ornamental plants (refugia) around vegetable crops, and mechanical control by directly killing pests that attack their plants
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FERNÁNDEZ-GONZÁLEZ, M., F. J. RODRÍGUEZ-RAJO, O. ESCUREDO, and M. J. AIRA. "Optimization of integrated pest management for powdery mildew (Unincula necator) control in a vineyard based on a combination of phenological, meteorological and aerobiological data." Journal of Agricultural Science 151, no. 5 (September 19, 2012): 648–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859612000743.
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SUMMARYPowdery mildew is one of the most important vineyard diseases. Infection requires the interaction of a susceptible host (a vine in a phenological phase susceptible to the pathogen), a virulent pathogen (the fungus Uncinula necator (Schw.) Burr) and an environment favourable for disease development (optimal meteorological conditions). The aim of the present study was the implementation of a system to predict powdery mildew infection periods in order to optimize and reduce the application of pesticide treatments in a vineyard. The study was conducted in a vineyard of the ‘Ribeiro’ Designation of Origin region located in north-western Spain from 2006 to 2011, during the Vitis vegetative period. The phenological study was conducted following the BBCH phenological scale and infection risk index (IRI) was calculated based on the maximum temperature. Aerobiological sampling was performed using a LANZONI VPPS-2000 volumetric trap. The results of the study show that the critical phenological stages for powdery mildew infection are 5 (inflorescence emergence), 6 (flowering) and 7 (development of fruit), as consequence of the high susceptibility of the vine. The IRI allows determination of the periods in which the meteorological conditions could facilitate fungal attacks during the aforementioned phenological phases. Finally, the aerobiological model helps to identify and predict the times of real infection risk among the possible periods described by the IRI with high accuracy, in order to avoid possible reappearance of infection symptoms in the vine. The combination of these three variables provides a valuable tool to establish an accurate, modern, integrated pest-management strategy in a vineyard.
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Borzykh, O., L. Buвlyk, L. Gavrylyuk, O. Shevchuk, and M. Hunchak. "Ecotoxicological parameters of safe application and adaptation of chemical protection systems against harmful organisms in apple orchards to the soil and climatic conditions of the Precarpathian province of Carpathian mountain zone of Ukraine." Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Plant Protection and Quarantine, no. 67 (December 20, 2021): 42–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2021.67.42-72.
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Goal. Ecotoxicological and economic substantiation of chemical systems of apple protection against harmful organisms, their optimization and adaptation to weather and phytosanitary conditions of apple agrocenosis in the Precarpathian province of the Carpathian mountain zone of Ukraine.
Methods. Phytosanitary monitoring was performed visually and using pheromone traps. Classification of pesticides by polarity, determination of residues, study of pesticide detoxification processes in the apple agrocenosis were performed using physico-chemical methods of analysis according to officially approved methods. The degree of hazard of pesticides was assessed by an integrated 7-point scale, the risk — by agroecotoxicological index (AETI).
Results. The ecotoxicological characteristics of pesticides of modern assortment used to protect apple trees from pests and diseases were determined: the value of the dipole moment (µ), the detoxication rate constant (parts per day), the period of semi- and complete decomposition (T50 and T95, days) in the apple agrocenosis, the classification according to the degree of hazard of their use was carried out. The most dangerous are non-polar compounds of 1—3 degrees of hazard and partially low-polar of 4 degree, which belong to the I and II class of danger in terms of toxicity (LD50 ) or persistence (k). According to the monitoring of phytosanitary conditions and pesticides in the apple agrocenosis in 2015—2020, scientific and methodological parameters of ecologically safe (AETI <1) and cost-effective systems of chemical protection of apple adapted to soil and climatic conditions of the Precarpathian province of the Carpathian mountain zone of Ukraine were developed: chemical, advanced chemical.
Conclusions. Based on the co-measurement of pesticide load with the ability of agrocenosis to self-cleaning, a model of ecologically safe protection of apple orchard from a complex of pests which is adapted to soil and climatic conditions and phytosanitary conditions of Precarpathian province of Carpathian mountain zone of Ukraine was developed. According to research, the rate of detoxification of pesticides in the leaves and fruits of apple depends on their physicochemical properties and correlates with the polarity of the compounds. The classification of pesticides used to control the complex of pests and diseases in the apple agrocenosis was shown. It was shown that modern assortment of pesticides allows to develop protection systems with weighted average degree of hazard at the level Q=5. A model of the maximum pesticide load on the apple agrocenosis, in which the AETI does not exceed 1, has been developed. Investigations and calculations showed that the chemical protection of apple is ecologically and economically viable. In the conditions of 2018—2020, the profit was at the level from forty thousands to ten thousands UAH/ha, with a profitability of 32.4—76.5%.
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Bayu, Marida Santi Yudha Ika, Yusmani Prayogo, and Gatut Wahyu Anggoro Susanto. "INTEGRATED BIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGY TO CONTROL MUNGBEAN PESTS AND DISEASES." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 22, no. 1 (July 9, 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v22n1.2021.p8-16.
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The main constraints to increase mungbean production in Indonesia are pests and diseases. The application of integrated biological agents can improve the efficacy of controlling the mungbean pests and diseases. The study aimed to determine the efficacy of integrated biological agents to suppress mungbean pests and diseases. This field research was conducted from May to July 2018 using a randomized block design with seven treatments and four replicates. The treatments were: T1 = Trichol + NSP, T2 = Trichol + SlNPV, T3 = Trichol + NSP + SlNPV, T4 = Trichol + NSP + SlNPV + BeBas, T5 = Trichol + NSP + SlNPV + BeBas + GE, T6 = chemical pesticides, and T7 = control. The results showed that the highest efficacy occurred in T4 and T5 treatments which saved the yield loss from major pests and diseases attack, and did not differ significantly with chemical pesticides (T6). Treatments T4 was able to reduce the development of soil borne diseases by 3% and suppress Spodoptera litura attack by 9.8% as compared to chemical treatment. T4 was also more efficient than T5 because it uses less biological agents. The advantage of biological agents is compatible if they were used together with predators such as Oxyopes sp., Paederus sp. and Coccinella sp; and also Telenomus sp. and Trichogramma sp. parasitoids. On the other hand, the chemical pesticides (T6) killed all existing natural enemies. Therefore, T4 could be recommended for controlling mungbean pests and diseases.
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Shaw, P. W., and D. R. Wallis. "Biocontrol of pests in apples under integrated fruit production." New Zealand Plant Protection 61 (August 1, 2008): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2008.61.6812.
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The biological control of some key orchard pests achieved within an Integrated Fruit Production (IFP) apple block was assessed Insecticide sprays were used to manipulate the numbers of natural enemies Treatments included applications of the broadspectrum insecticide carbaryl a selective insecticide programme (IFP) and a control (no insecticides) Plots treated with carbaryl became heavily infested with woolly apple aphid and European red mite However carbaryl sprays did not completely prevent lacewings ladybirds and the woolly apple aphid parasitoid Aphelinus mali subsequently moving into the plots in response to the high host populations Numbers of some natural enemies were reduced in the carbaryl treatment and the trees were damaged by mites and woolly apple aphids The selective and noinsecticide programmes did not disrupt natural enemies and pest levels in trees and fruit were similar and acceptable
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Gonda, István, Imre Holb, and Klára Bitskey. "Previous data on the relationship between the intensity of pruning and the degree of damage in integrated and organic applegrowing systems." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 1 (May 27, 2001): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/1/3585.
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In Hungary, fruit growers are increasingly interested in environmentally friendly growing methods, such as organic and integrated systems. Vital is the establishment of a strengthened system of cultivar-pruning-plant protection in production technology. Consequently, our aim was to examine the susceptibility of apple cultivars to diseases and pests and the effect of pruning technique on diseases and pests in organic and integrated growing systems.Two pathogens (Venturia inaequalis, Podosphaera leucotricha) and two pests (Leucoptera malifoliella, Pannonychus ulmi) were observed in organic and integrated systems under „strong” and „weak” pruning techniques. Our results on six cultivars showed that the pathogens and pests infested the trees more in the organic system, as compared to that of integrated production. The pruning technique affected mainly the susceptiblecultivars to diseases and pests. The „weak” pruning technique caused a higher level of diseases and pests infestations than the „strong” pruning technique, especially in the organic growing system. The likely reason is that the shoots grow fast and powerfully under “strong” pruning technique. This supports better preservation of the trees supported by susceptibility of plant tissues to diseases and pests.
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Visutsak, Porawat. "Ontology-Based Semantic Retrieval for Durian Pests and Diseases Control System." International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing 11, no. 1 (January 2021): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijmlc.2021.11.1.1019.
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In Southeast Asia, durian is affectionately called the king of fruit. Durian is the most popular crop planted in eastern and southern of Thailand. The total crop is around 600,000 tons per year; among this, 500,000 tons of the total production were exported worldwide. In Thailand, the knowledge of durian production is based on experience from generation to generation, especially the knowledge of durian pests and diseases control. This paper presents the ontology knowledge based for durian pests and diseases retrieval system. The major contributions of the system consist of 1) the stored knowledge of durian pests and diseases and 2) the diagnosis of durian diseases and the suggestions for the treatments. The ontology knowledge consists of 8 main classes: 1) diseases, 2) pests, 3) cultivars, 4) symptoms of bunch, 5) leaf area symptoms, 6) symptoms of the branches and trunk, 7) symptoms of fruit, and 8) symptoms of root and growth. The experimental results yielded 100% of precision, 88.33% of recall, and 93.8% of overall performance.
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Frank, Daniel. "Evaluation of Fruit Bagging as a Pest Management Option for Direct Pests of Apple." Insects 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects9040178.
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Bagging fruit with plastic, paper, and two-layer commercial bags was evaluated for control of insect pests and diseases in an experimental apple orchard planted with ‘Red Delicious’ trees. Results from fruit damage evaluations at harvest showed that bagging significantly reduced fruit damage from direct apple pests compared with non-bagged control plots, and generally provided similar levels of fruit protection when compared with a conventional pesticide spray program. Of the three bagging materials evaluated, plastic bags provided numerically higher levels of fruit protection from insect pests, and two-layer commercial bags provided numerically higher levels of fruit protection from fruit diseases. Fruit quality as measured by percentage Brix was higher in non-bagged control plots than all other treatment plots. Fruit quality as measured by fruit diameter was not significantly different among treatments. Plastic and two-layer commercial bags generally required less time to secure around apple fruit than paper bags. The proportion of bags that remained on fruit until harvest ranged from 0.54–0.71 (commercial bags), 0.64–0.82 (plastic bags), and 0.32–0.60 (paper bags), depending on the year.
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Olaniran, Oladele Abiodun, Samuel Adelani Babarinde, Adeola Foluke Odewole, Peter Ademola Aremu, and Kehinde Popoola. "Rural Farmers’ Perceptions, Knowledge and Management of Insect Pests of Fruit Vegetables in Ogbomoso Agricultural Zone of Nigeria." International Letters of Natural Sciences 25 (September 2014): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.25.18.
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Surveys were carried out in five local government areas of Ogbomoso Agricultural Zone Nigeria during planting season in 2010 to investigate rural farmers perceptions and management practices of insect pests of fruit vegetables. The survey involved 150 randomly selected farmers who were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Fruit vegetables planted by the farmers were okra, tomatoes, pepper and garden egg. Reasons given by farmers for cultivating fruit vegetables were significantly favored by age category, educational qualification, and secondary occupation of farmers (x2 = 4.757, P = 0.029). Field insect pests were perceived as the major production constraint to fruit vegetables in this zone. Majority of the farmer estimated 78.4 % rated insect pest as the most serious pest infesting fruit vegetables, the insect pests were grasshopper (Orthoptera), beetles (Coleoptera) and caterpillar (Lepidoptera). Integrated pest management module consisted basically of chemical and cultural control strategies, with weeding, shifting cultivation and crop rotation as main cultural control methods. More than 76.7 % of the farmers make use of cultural control because of unavailability and cost of chemical insecticides. Only 23.3 % had access to chemical insecticides in controlling insect pest of fruit vegetables.
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Olaniran, Oladele Abiodun, Samuel Adelani Babarinde, Adeola Foluke Odewole, Peter Ademola Aremu, and Kehinde Popoola. "Rural Farmers’ Perceptions, Knowledge and Management of Insect Pests of Fruit Vegetables in Ogbomoso Agricultural Zone of Nigeria." International Letters of Natural Sciences 25 (September 2, 2014): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-5m0mf3.
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Surveys were carried out in five local government areas of Ogbomoso Agricultural Zone Nigeria during planting season in 2010 to investigate rural farmers perceptions and management practices of insect pests of fruit vegetables. The survey involved 150 randomly selected farmers who were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Fruit vegetables planted by the farmers were okra, tomatoes, pepper and garden egg. Reasons given by farmers for cultivating fruit vegetables were significantly favored by age category, educational qualification, and secondary occupation of farmers (x2 = 4.757, P = 0.029). Field insect pests were perceived as the major production constraint to fruit vegetables in this zone. Majority of the farmer estimated 78.4 % rated insect pest as the most serious pest infesting fruit vegetables, the insect pests were grasshopper (Orthoptera), beetles (Coleoptera) and caterpillar (Lepidoptera). Integrated pest management module consisted basically of chemical and cultural control strategies, with weeding, shifting cultivation and crop rotation as main cultural control methods. More than 76.7 % of the farmers make use of cultural control because of unavailability and cost of chemical insecticides. Only 23.3 % had access to chemical insecticides in controlling insect pest of fruit vegetables.
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Li, Jinyang, Qingdao Huang, and Bing Liu. "An SI integrated pest management model with pesticide resistance to susceptible pests." International Journal of Biomathematics 13, no. 05 (May 28, 2020): 2050037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524520500370.
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In this paper, epidemic diseases among pests are assumed to occur, so pests are divided into susceptible pests and infected pests, and only susceptible pests are harmful to crops. Considering spraying pesticides and releasing of natural enemies and infected pests to control pests, as well as the long-term application of the same pesticide to induce resistance, an integrated pest management with pesticide resistance is established. The pollution emission model is introduced to model the action process of pesticides, which well reflects its residual and delay effects. By using comparison theorem of impulsive differential equation and analysis method, the threshold condition for eradication of susceptible pests is obtained. Then we analyze the frequency of spraying pesticide on the success of pests control. It shows that it is not that the more frequently pesticides are applied, the better the result of the susceptible pests control is. From the sensitivity analysis, the key factors on the threshold are obtained. Finally, the strategies to control susceptible pests are given, including switching pesticides and releasing infected pests and natural enemies elastically.
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Shaw, Bethan, Csaba Nagy, and Michelle T. Fountain. "Organic Control Strategies for Use in IPM of Invertebrate Pests in Apple and Pear Orchards." Insects 12, no. 12 (December 11, 2021): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12121106.
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Growers of organic tree fruit face challenges in controlling some pests more easily suppressed by broad-spectrum insecticides in conventionally managed orchards. In recent decades, there has been a move towards organically growing varieties normally reliant on synthetic chemical pesticides (e.g., Gala), often to meet retailer/consumer demands. This inevitably makes crop protection in organic orchards more challenging, as modern varieties can be less tolerant to pests. In addition, there have been substantial reductions in plant protection product (PPP) approvals, resulting in fewer chemical options available for integrated pest management (IPM)-maintained orchards. Conversely, the organic management of fruit tree pests involves many practices that could be successfully implemented in conventionally grown crops, but which are currently not. These practices could also be more widely used in IPM-maintained orchards, alleviating the reliance on broad-spectrum PPP. In this review, we evaluate organic practices, with a focus on those that could be incorporated into conventional apple and pear production. The topics cover cultural control, biological control, physical and pest modifications. While the pests discussed mainly affect European species, many of the methods could be used to target other global pests for more environmentally sustainable practices.
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Khomenko, I. I., and Raymond L. Granger. "Improved Control of the Main Pests in Pome-fruit Orchards of the Forest Steppe Zone in Ukraine." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 828B—828. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.828b.
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The purpose of this research was to develop an improved system of controlling the main pests in pome-fruit plantations without damaging beneficial insects and with a minimal negative effect of pesticides. Current methods of controlling a broad spectrum of pests and diseases were studied. Several variants of spraying regimens were tested. It was established that most of the damage to the fruit is caused by coddling moth and, to a lesser degree, by pear fruit moth on the one hand and mildew and scab on the other. The most-effective and least-harmful spraying regiments were identified.
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Pottorff, Laura Pickett, and Karen L. Panter. "Integrated Pest Management and Biological Control in High Tunnel Production." HortTechnology 19, no. 1 (January 2009): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.19.1.61.
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Crops grown in high tunnels are just as susceptible to pests and diseases as those grown under greenhouse and field conditions. Crops that lend themselves economically to this type of production system are edible and/or minor crops. Therefore, labeled pesticides for these crops are limited and sometimes nonexistent. However, there is a wide range of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies available to high tunnel producers. These strategies include biological control, which is often left out of traditional IPM programs when labeled pesticides are available. High tunnel production is very conducive to the inclusion of biological controls and allows for a truly IPM system. This article provides a selective overview of common arthropod pests and diseases encountered in high tunnels, as well as strategies that have potential for becoming best management practices in high tunnels with additional research.
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Glenn, D. M., G. Puterka, T. van der Zwet, and R. Byers. "Hydrophobic Particles for Pest Control in Deciduous Tree Fruit Production." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 467D—467. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.467d.
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Fruit production requires extensive use of pesticides to control pest damage and maintain high product quality. Hydrophobic particles alter the leaf surface due to the hydrophobic and reflective nature of the particles and impart characteristics that make the plant surface incompatible, and/or unrecognizable to the pest. Hydrophobic particles were applied to apple and pear in field and greenhouse studies. Specific diseases, insect pests, plant growth, and yield were monitored and evaluated on treated plants in comparison to untreated and chemically treated controls. Powdery mildew in apple and Fabrea leaf spot in pear were controlled by the hydrophobic particles. Aphids, mites, and psylla were controlled in apple and pear. Hydrophobic clays have the potential of cross-protection for several disease and insect pests while imparting beneficial horticultural effects that would increase long-term productivity and sustainability of fruit production systems.
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Chen, Liming, Matthew Wallhead, Michael Reding, Leona Horst, and Heping Zhu. "Control of Insect Pests and Diseases in an Ohio Fruit Farm with a Laser-guided Intelligent Sprayer." HortTechnology 30, no. 2 (April 2020): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04497-19.
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Laser-guided variable-rate intelligent spray technology is designed to significantly reduce pesticide use with a positive impact on the environment. However, there have been no reports on applying this technology to commercial fruit farms. Comparative experiments of intelligent variable-rate and conventional constant-rate spray applications for pesticide use and pest control were conducted at a fruit farm in Ohio during two consecutive growing seasons. Apple (Malus pumila), peach (Prunus persica), blueberry (Vaccinium section Cyanococcus), and black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) were used for the tests. Pest severity of codling moth (Cydia pomonella), oriental fruit moth (Grapholitha molesta), scab (Venturia inaequalis), and powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) in apple; oriental fruit moth, brown rot (Monilinia fructicola), and powdery mildew (Podosphaera pannosa) in peach; spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii), mummy berry (Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi), and phomopsis (Phomopsis vaccinii) in blueberry; and anthracnose (Elsinoe veneta) in black raspberry were assessed. There was equal severity of pests between intelligent and conventional spray applications, whereas the intelligent spray reduced pesticide use by 58.7%, 30.6%, 47.9%, and 52.5% on average for apple, peach, blueberry, and black raspberry, respectively. These results illustrate that intelligent spray technology is more environmentally friendly than conventional standard spray technology and equally or more effective for control of insect and disease pests in fruit production.
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Verheyden, C. "ACTIVITIES OF THE SUBGROUP : "INTEGRATED CONTROL OF POME FRUIT DISEASES"." Acta Horticulturae, no. 422 (July 1996): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1996.422.4.
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Lo, P. L., J. T. S. Walker, and D. J. Rogers. "Risks to pest management in New Zealands pipfruit Integrated Fruit Production programme." New Zealand Plant Protection 68 (January 8, 2015): 306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2015.68.5827.
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Pest management in New Zealands pipfruit Integrated Fruit Production (IFP) programme relies on selective pesticides biological control and pheromone mating disruption The current situation is potentially precarious and one concern the impact of less selective pesticides was tested Apple trees received synthetic pyrethroid (deltamethrin) sprays during the first half of two growing seasons Beneficial and pest species were monitored monthly from November to April Treated trees had fewer predatory bugs (91 100 reduction) lacewings (64100) earwigs (80100) predatory mites (67100) spiders (2064) and Hymenoptera (1649) than untreated trees Ladybird numbers varied depending on the assessment method Outbreaks of phytophagous mites and woolly scale and Froggatts apple leafhopper on untreated trees Factors that make pest management under IFP vulnerable in the future include a loss of biological control and the consequences of new pests establishing
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Melvin Couey, H. "Heat Treatment for Control of Postharvest Diseases and Insect Pests of Fruits." HortScience 24, no. 2 (April 1989): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.24.2.198.
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Abstract Heat treatments have been used to control fungal diseases and insect infestation of fruit for many years. However, with the development of effective fungicides and insecticides, especially fumigants, which could be applied cheaply and easily, interest in heat treatments waned. Stringent short- and long-term safety studies imposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has made retention of registration for many agricultural chemicals increasingly difficult. Some of the fumigants, such as ethylene dibromide, which were developed and used to control insects during the past 20 to 30 years, are no longer registered; others may lose registration in the future. These regulatory restrictions also increase the cost of developing new chemical fumigants and, therefore, interest in heat disinfestation has been revived (5).
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McRoberts, N., G. Hughes, and S. Savary. "Integrated approaches to understanding and control of diseases and pests in field crops." Australasian Plant Pathology 32, no. 2 (2003): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ap03026.
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Funderburk, Joseph E., Nicole Casuso, Norman C. Leppla, and Michael Donahoe. "Insect and Mite Integrated Pest Management in Florida Cotton." EDIS 2017, no. 1 (January 25, 2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-in1111-2017.
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Insect and mite pests of cotton feed on cotton roots, leaves, stems, and fruit and reduce plant health and productivity, and, subsequently, cotton crop yields. These pests hide in different places on or within the plant or field, which makes them difficult to find and identify and costly to manage. The purpose of this 14-page guide written by Joseph Funderburk, Nicole Casuso, Norman Leppla, and Michael Donahoe and published by the Department of Entomology and Nematology is to provide Florida cotton growers a selected set of options for integrated pest management of insects and mites in cotton fields. It serves as a reference for cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical control of arthropods. The guide includes links to additional UF/IFAS EDIS articles, as well as external sources of information on arthropod management. The guide also contains a searchable table of registered insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides for Florida cotton.edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1111
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Luo, She Zhou, and Cheng Wang. "Forest Pests and Diseases Forecasting Based on GIS." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 2945–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.2945.
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Geographic Information System (GIS) has been widely applied to the field of pest management, which provides the new ways and methods for integrated pest research, prevention and control. The main purpose of this study is to forecast and manage forest pests and diseases. For this purpose, I developed the forest pests diseases forecast system, by using ArcObjects (AO) and Visual Basic as the secondary development platform. The system is able to synthetically analyze and judge relevant data, such as weather forecast and tree species, according to the occurrence laws of the forest pests and diseases and the characteristics of biology. The system uses Markov chain and other methods to forecast the occurrence period, amount, scope and the degree of harm of pests and diseases. To validate the reliability of Markov chain model, the pests and diseases data of Liu'an City of Anhui Province, in China from 1975 to 2001, to be applied. The results show that the method used is reliable. The occurrence area and location of forest pests and diseases can be labelled and displayed on the electronic map with three-dimension.
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Ofuya, Thomas I., Adeyela I. Okunlola, and George N. Mbata. "A Review of Insect Pest Management in Vegetable Crop Production in Nigeria." Insects 14, no. 2 (January 21, 2023): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14020111.
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Insect pest infestations and damage can limit the production of vegetables in the farming systems in Nigeria. This review looks at integrated insect pest management as a possible panacea for resolving insect pest issues in vegetable crops. The main vegetable crops which include okra, tomatoes, chilli peppers, cucumbers, green amaranth, carrots and onions are highlighted. The major insect pests of the various vegetables which include foliage beetles, caterpillars, aphids, fruit flies, stink bugs, and grasshoppers are also mentioned. The various control measures that have been empirically verified for the mitigation of the impact of these insect pests, including the application of synthetic insecticides, modification of agronomic practices, use of resistant varieties, application of botanicals, biological and mechanical controls, are discussed. Studies which have been carried out attempting to integrate two or more of the control strategies for better insect pest control are also reviewed. Strategies that can be put in place for the integrated pest management of vegetable insect pests in Nigeria are considered. Among the IPM (Integrated Pest Management) practices instituted for the mitigation of pest infestations on vegetable crops in Nigeria, intercropping of suitable vegetables in combination with the application of aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica and Piper guineense seeds under good farm hygiene and sanitation proved to be most successful.
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Saba, Zulfiquar, Upadhyay Sushil Kumar, Yadav Deepak, Dixit Yogesh Babu, and Prakash Sadguru. "Mating Disruption in Insect Pests by Sex Pheromones: A Profound Integrated Pest Management Technique." International Journal of Zoological Investigations 08, no. 01 (2022): 689–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2022.v08i01.075.
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Mating disruption or ‘attract and kill’ approach provides an excellent source for suppression of major lepidopterans’ pest in agriculture field. Important success to date in pest management through mating disruption recorded to oriental fruit moth in peaches, pink boll worm, codling moth in pome fruit and pyralid moth in stored grain pest. Pheromonal formulations are efficient, non–toxic and species–specific that makes this technique different with conventional and synthetic insecticides which have adverse effects on environment and non–specific organisms as well. Large scale implementation of this technique resulted in significant reduction in pesticides use while maintaining acceptably low–crop damage level. Because of some problem like instant and mass control to pests with rich populations, these approaches should not be seen as stand–alone strategies but rather as one new and alternative plan within a suite of integrated pest management options.
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Tripathi, Subina, Kabita Kumari Shah, Injila Tiwari, and Jiban Shrestha. "Farmers’ Perception about Major Insect Pests of Cucurbits and Their Management." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Research 3, no. 3 (November 17, 2020): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/injar.v3i3.4414.
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A survey was undertaken in five Village Development Committees (VDCs) of Lamjung District, Nepal from June to August 2018 to investigate major insect pests and their management practices in cucurbits. A total of ninety-five cucurbit growers were selected and interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires. The study revealed that the major insect pests attacking cucurbits were fruit fly, red pumpkin beetle, aphid, whitefly, epilachna beetle, cucurbit sting bug, cutworm, and blister beetle. The majority of farmers responded that fruit fly was the most prevalent insect pest, followed by aphid and red pumpkin beetle. Most of the farmers used chemical methods, that includes biological, mechanical, and cultural techniques to control the insects. For the mechanical method, they used sex-pheromone traps i.e. cue-lure. Among botanical pesticides, Neem (Azadirachta indica), Malabar Nut (Justicia adhatoda), Chinaberry (Melia azedarch), Mugwort (Artemisia spp.) were used. Commonly used insecticides by farmers were Cypermethrin, Dimethoate, Malathion, and Endosulfan. The indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides resulted in pest resistance, resurgence, and sometimes outbreak of insect pests. Majority of farmers were using chemical methods to control pests. Apart from this, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) was also adopted for good agricultural practices (GAP) to prevent chemical hazards on human health and the environment. To control insect pests, trained farmers should be encouraged to follow the sanitation of fields and protection of natural enemies by avoiding the use of pesticides a long as possible.
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Hilman, Yusdar, Suciantini Suciantini, and Rini Rosliani. "ADAPTASI TANAMAN HORTIKULTURA TERHADAP PERUBAHAN IKLIMPADA LAHAN KERING Adaptation of Horticultural Crops to Climate Change in the Upland." Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian 38, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jp3.v38n1.2019.p55-64.
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<p>Horticultural products (fruits, vegetables and ornamental crops) which have high competitiveness and added value, require supporting appropriate cultivation technology. The objective of this paper was to sort out adaptive technologies that can be implemented for horticultural cultivation, especially on dry land, to minimize yield loss due to climate changes. Horticultural crops in dry lands faced various problems. Characteristics of horticultural crops, among others were easily damage, bulky, sensitive to water stress and the incidence of pests and diseases. Another issue that has begun to happen in the field is the occurrence of extreme climate change, especially El Nino or La Nina that caused crop failures, damage to agricultural land resources, increased in frequency, extent, and intensity of drought, increased moisture, increased in the susceptibility to pests and the disease. Thus the integrated efforts that are needed in strengthening the capability of dry land to face climate change are by the application of adaptative technology, drafting disaster mitigation concepts, observing climate change, policy analysis related to the application of adaptive technology on climate change. The discussed Horticulture Commodities are focused on economically profitable crops, including: vegetables (potatoes, shallots, chili), fruits (bananas, citrus and melons) and ornamental crops (chrysanthemums, orchids, Polycias and Gerbera) scattered in two zoning zones where namely (i) lowland (0-600 meters above sea level); (ii) highlands (> 600 meters above sea level) and (iii) in both elevations of the site which have wet climates and dry climates. Attempsto be made to promote horticultural crops include performing water-efficient irrigation (drip irrigation), mulching, the use of shading on certain crops, proper fertilization, the use of organic fertilizer, planting system and planting distance, and tolerant varieties. Some adaptative technologies that can be adopted for horticultural crops include (1) developing watersaving irrigation technologies (drip and sprinkler irrigation on shallots), (2) applying healthy crop cultivation (good quality seeds, variety tolerant to disease and sub-optimal environment for tomatoes, red or hot chilli shallots and bananas), (3) using environmentally friendly chemical control (concept of threshold control in red or hot chilli), (4) protecting yield and quality of harvest (the use of silver black mulch on shallots and melons, and the use of shade for ornamental plants on dry land).</p><p>Keywords: Horticulture, climate change, upland, adaptation technology</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Sistem produksi hortikultura (buah buahan, sayuran, dan tanaman hias) yang berdaya saing tinggi dan bernilai tambah memerlukan dukungan teknologi. Tulisan ini merangkum teknologi adaptasi komoditas hortikultura pada lahan kering dalam upaya meminimalisasi tingkat kehilangan hasil akibat perubahan iklim. Usaha tani tanaman hortikultura pada lahan kering dihadapkan pada berbagai masalah, di antaranya tanaman mudah dan cepat rusak, sensitif terhadap cekaman lingkungan, dan rentan terhadap hama dan penyakit. Masalah lain yang berdampak negatif terhadap sistem produksi komoditas hortikultura ialah perubahan iklim ekstrem, terutama el-nino dan la-nina. Perubahan iklim tidak hanya menyebabkan kegagalan panen, tetapi juga merusak sumber daya lahan pertanian, meningkatkan luas areal dan intensitas tanaman yang mengalami kekeringan, meningkatkan kelembaban, dan perkembangan hama dan penyakit tanaman. Oleh karena itu diperlukan integrasi pengelolaan lahan dan aplikasi teknologi adaptif perubahan iklim, penyusunan konsep mitigasi bencana, observasi perubahan iklim, dan analisis kebijakan yang terkait dengan aplikasi teknologi adaptasi terhadap perubahan iklim. Pembahasan difokuskan pada tanaman yang secara ekonomi menguntungkan, antara lain kentang, bawang merah, cabai untuk komoditas sayuran; pisang, jeruk, dan melon untuk komoditas buah-buahan; dan krisan, anggrek, polycias dan gerbera untuk tanaman hias. Komoditas hortikultura tersebut tersebar di dua zonasi ketinggian tempat, yakni dataran rendah (0–600 m dpl) dan dataran tinggi (> 600 m dpl). Beberapa teknologi adaptasi yang dapat diadopsi di antaranya (1) irigasi hemat air (irigasi tetes dan irigasi curah pada bawang merah), (2) budi daya tanaman sehat (benih bermutu, varietas toleran penyakit dan lingkungan suboptimal untuk komoditas kentang, cabai, bawang merah, dan pisang, (3) pengendalian hama dan penyakit ramah lingkungan (konsep ambang pengendalian pada cabai, jeruk), dan (4) perlindungan hasil dan peningkatan kualitas hasil panen (penggunaan mulsa plastik hitam perak pada tanaman bawang merah dan melon, serta penggunaan naungan pada tanaman hias anggrek dan krisan). Kata kunci: hortikultura, perubahan iklim, lahan kering, teknologi adaptasi</p>
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Webb, Susan E. "Control of Insect Pests of Squash, 1992." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.169.
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Abstract Squash was planted 2.5 ft apart on raised beds on 7 Sep. Plots consisted of four 25-ft rows spaced 6 ft apart and separated by 15-ft alleys. Beginning on 5 Oct the entire planting was treated weekly with mancozeb (Manzate 200 DF) at a rate of 1.5 lb (AI)/acre to control fungal diseases. Ten insecticide treatments and an untreated control were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. All treatments were applied on 5, 12, 20, 26 Oct, and 2 Nov with a 2-row, tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 7 Albuz (lilac) ceramic hollow cone nozzles per row (5 nozzles over the row and 2 drop nozzles) delivering 110 gal/acre at 200 psi. Treatments that included JMS Stylet Oil were applied at 400 psi. Including the application dates above, oil was applied twice weekly from 21 Sep until 9 Nov. On 22 Oct and 12 Nov, five plants from the center rows in each plot were examined for SPWF adults, aphids, MW larvae, and PW damage to fruit and blossoms. On 29 Oct two leaves were collected from the lower third of each of three plants in each plot for estimating numbers of immature whiteflies. All SPWF eggs and nymphs were counted on three leaf disks, 0.8 inches in diameter, cut from each leaf.
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Holtz, Brent A. "Plant Protection for Pistachio." HortTechnology 12, no. 4 (January 2002): 626–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.12.4.626.
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Pistachio (Pistacia vera) was successfully introduced into California and initially touted as a tree nut crop with no disease or insect pests. Unfortunately, these expectations were dashed as a number of diseases and pests followed commercial plantings, making plant protection practices integral to production. Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae) devastated early plantings but is now controlled with the use of resistant rootstocks. Botryosphaeria blight (Botryosphaeria dothidea) and alternaria late blight (Alternaria alternata) are recently arrived foliar fungal diseases that blight fruit clusters and defoliate trees, respectively, and multiple fungicide applications are needed for control. The conversion to low volume irrigation systems, specifically to drip or buried drip, has reduced disease. Pruning out botryosphaeria blight infections has reduced overwintering inoculum and disease, while current research aims at accurately predicting infection events to increase fungicide efficacy. A number of hemipteran insect pests have been associated with epicarp lesion: spring treatments have been replaced with dormant carbaryl and oil applications which are less toxic to beneficial insects while controlling phytocoris (Phytocoris californicus and P. relativus) and soft scale pests. Early season insect damage can be tolerated because trees compensate by maturing a higher percentage of remaining fruit kernels. Some mirid (Calocoris spp.) pests can be effectively reduced by eliminating alternate hosts in an effective weed control program. If lygus (Lygus hesperus) populations are present, weeds should not be disturbed from bloom until shell hardening to prevent movement by insects into the trees where feeding can result in epicarp lesion. Stink bugs (Pentatomidae) and leaffooted bugs (Leptoglossus clypealis and L. occidentalis) can penetrate the hardened shell and cause internal nut necrosis along with epicarp lesion. Trap crops are used to monitor pest populations in order to develop treatment thresholds. Degree-day based timing of treatments increase insecticide efficacy for the control of navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella) and obliquebanded leafroller (Choristonuera rosaceana), but navel orangeworm populations are more effectively managed by destroying unharvested over wintering fruit. Bacillus thuriengiensis sprays, liquid-lime-sulfur, and biological control show promise in controlling obliquebanded leafroller.
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Gebremariam, Amha, Eyerus Mekuriaw, Fekadu Shemekit, and Fassil Assefa. "Integrated Potential of Microbial, Botanical, and Chemical Pesticides for the Control of Viral Disease Vector Whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Tomato under Greenhouse and Field Perspectives." International Journal of Agronomy 2022 (September 30, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4686811.
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Whiteflies are one of the most devastating horticultural pests attacking tomatoes. Although there are several control methods for the control of whitefly pests, the integrated application of entomopathogenic fungi (IPM) with chemical and botanical insecticides has proven more effective than individual control agents. This study was carried out to evaluate individual and combined treatments of entomopathogens B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, B. thuringiensis, Hunter 40 EC, and neem oil for the control of whitefly species on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under greenhouse and field condition. The greenhouse study showed that the different treatments resulted in a 58.48 to 100% reduction of nymphs and a 52.06 to 100% reduction of adults on both Galilea and Melkashola tomato varieties under greenhouse conditions. The combined treatments of AAUMB-29 + Neem oil displayed a higher yield (423.3 g fruits/plant) on the Gelilea tomato variety, and AAUDM-43 + Hunter 40 EC displayed a yield of (376.66 g/plant) on the Melkashola tomato variety. Under field conditions, the application of AAUMB-29 + Hunter 40 EC + Neem oil significantly decreased the whitefly population by 91.93% ( P < 0.001 ) after 10 days of the fourth spray. The result of fruit yield of tomato was significantly higher in all treatments (31.17 t to 70.42 t·ha−1) compared to untreated control (25.83 t·ha−1). Among the treatments, AAUMB-29 + Hunter 40 EC + Neem oil gave the highest fruit yield of 70.42 t·ha−1 followed by AAUMB-29 + Hunter 40 EC (64.50 t·ha−1) on the Galilea tomato variety under field conditions. The combined treatment of AAUMB-29 + Hunter 40 EC + Neem oil was the most effective with lower whitefly infestation, higher marketable yields, and less percentage of yield losses. Further investigations are required to determine the optimization and practicability of this integrated application of treatments for the control of both sucking and chewing insect pests under field conditions.
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Mtui, HD, AP Maerere, KP Sibuga, and MA Bennett. "Effect of mulch and different fungicide spray regimes on yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in Tanzania." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 15, no. 68 (February 23, 2015): 9607–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.68.13720.
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In many areas in Tanzania, pests management for tomato involves weekly pesticide sprays. The practice poses a threat to the environment and health of consumers. In this study the effect of pesticide spray regimes and use of mulch we re evaluated on ‘Tanya VF’ and ‘Tengeru 97’ tomato varieties. Field experiment consisting of a 2×2×4 factorial arrangement in a split-split plot design with three replication s was conducted at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro (6 o 05’S, 35 o 37’E and 525m above sea level). Treatment factors comprised two varieties (main plot factor), mulching/number of mulching (subplot factor) and three fungicide spray regimes (sub subplot factor). Results showed that the spray regimes: farmers’ practice (FP), Integrated Pests Management (IPM) based on pests scouting, sprays based on manufacturers’ recommendation (MR); produced significantly more fruits per plant and higher fruit weight compared to the control. There was no significant difference (p < 0.05) between FP, IPM and MR on fruit yield para meters. The results further revealed that use of mulch significantly led to higher fruit number per plant (p = 0 .020). Although average fruit weight was similar (p < 0.05), other marketable fruit yield parameters were statistically different between mulched and non-mulched plots ( p = 0.007). ‘Tanya VF’ had consistently higher yields compared to ‘Tengeru 97’. Fungicide sprays were statistically different to the control with respect to blossom end rot (p = 0.002), fruit rot (p < 0.001) and percentage of non-marketable yield (p = 0.001). Mulching significantly reduced American bollworm and blossom end rot (p = 0.012, p = 0 .003, respectively). The major contributor to tomato fruit loss was Blossom End Rot (BER) and Fruit Rot for ‘Tengeru 97’ and ‘Tanya VF’, respectively. It is evident, therefore, that: a proper combination of tomato cultural management practices can significantly reduce the use of pesticides, and improve tomato fruit quality and marketable yield which would increase profit margin accrued by farmers.
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Schenk, A. M. E., and S. J. Wertheim. "Components and systems research for integrated fruit production." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 40, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v40i3.16511.
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The desirability of integrated fruit production, defined as an economical way of growing fruit while providing long-term safeguards to public health and the environment, and components of such a system that are currently available in the Netherlands (biological pest control, supervised chemical control of diseases, resistant cultivars, alternatives to herbicides and to soil fumigation, replacement of plant growth regulators, novel spraying techniques and fertigation) are discussed. Results of ongoing trials with 8 cultivars of apples at Numansdorp and Zeewolde, in which the current standard method of production is being compared with 2 systems of integrated production, are also presented. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
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Fraser, R. S. S. "Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Protected Crops." Outlook on Agriculture 21, no. 3 (September 1992): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709202100304.
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Considerable progress has been made in developing integrated pest and disease management strategies for protected crops. Bacteria, nematodes, fungi and insect predators and parasites are used as biological control agents for pests and diseases and are combined with plant breeding for resistance, environmental control and informed intervention with minimal amounts of compatible pesticides. Some crops can already be grown with greatly reduced or no pesticide input. With others there is a need for further research on integrated pest and disease management strategies to develop sustainable systems of crop protection.
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Gordon, Jennifer R. "Urban Entomology Highlights From 2019 Help Create Integrated Pest Management Plans." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 5 (July 15, 2020): 1342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa121.
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Abstract Urban insect pests such as ants, termites, cockroaches, and bed bugs are more than just nuisances; they often negatively impact structures, landscapes, animal health, commercial food production, food safety, and public health (mental, physical, and financial). Due to the tremendous burden these insects can inflict, researchers, manufacturers, and pest management professionals work to create solutions that effectively manage urban and structural pests. One solution that has proven useful in agriculture is the development of an integrated pest management (IPM) plan; i.e., a science-based approach to pest control that utilizes multiple tactics such as preventative tools, chemical control (sprays, fumigation, and baits), biological control, and exclusion. There are many permutations of urban IPM plans, but in general they consist of five components: 1) identifying the pest, 2) monitoring the pest, 3) developing an intervention plan (including prevention and control techniques), 4) implementing the program, and 5) recording and evaluating the results. The objectives of the current publication were to 1) highlight urban entomology research published in 2019 and 2) show how the results from these publications help pest management professionals create and implement IPM plans.