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Journal articles on the topic 'Fruit composition'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Harvey, Robert A., and Richard C. Theuer. "Potassium as an Index of Fruit Content in Baby Food Products. Part I. Banana-Containing and Apricot-Containing Products." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 74, no. 6 (November 1, 1991): 929–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/74.6.929.

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Abstract Percentage ingredient labeling has been proposed for baby foods. We determined whether or not the potassium content of baby foods could be used to verify the quantity of fruit when the characterizing ingredients were apricots or bananas, fruits rich in potassium. Official values for potassium in fruit (USDA Handbook No. 8-9) did not agree well with actual analyses. The potassium levels of products of known composition were accurately predicted from analyses of the actual ingredients used to make the foods. For banana-containing monofruit products of variable or unknown composition, potassium analysis led to fruit level estimates consistent with either the known composition or the label declaration. For products of unknown composition made with apricot concentrate, however, potassium analysis led to fruit level estimates lower than the probable fruit content. The quantity of fruit in baby foods made with potassium-rich fruits can be estimated from the potassium content if the potassium value for the fruit is representative of the actual ingredients used to make the product, if potassium analysis is to be used to verify compliance with percentage ingredient labeling, there must be statutory specification of the singlestrength fruit level for fruit reconstituted from concentrate.
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2

Idaszewska, Natalia, Edyta Janeba-Bartoszewicz, and Krzysztof Bieńczak. "Changes in chemical composition in blueberry fruit (Vaccinium corymbosum) during transport." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 20, no. 1-2 (February 28, 2019): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2019.008.

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Paper discusses the effect of vibrations at different frequencies on changes in the content of ascorbic acid and citric acid in blueberry fruit. Fruit was tested under incomplete maturity. The chemical com-position of fruits was compared immediately after harvest, stored and subjected to vibrations. The purpose of the research was to deter-mine the effect of vibrations on the degree of fruit ripeness. Studies have shown that vibrations at low frequencies did not affect changes in the chemical composition of blueberry fruit. Vibrations with a frequency of 28 Hz caused significant changes in the parameters tested in the fruit.
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3

Jiang, Yi-Lu, Tzong-Shyan Lin, Ching-Lung Lee, Chung-Ruey Yen, and Wen-Ju Yang. "Phenology, Canopy Composition, and Fruit Quality of Yellow Pitaya in Tropical Taiwan." HortScience 46, no. 11 (November 2011): 1497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.11.1497.

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Yellow pitaya, Selenicereus megalanthus (Schum. ex. Vaupel) Moran, is a potential new fruit in Taiwan. It sprouts mostly in winter and flowers in late spring and fall. In this study, an average of 60% shoots within canopies flowered. Shoots sprouted in the current winter flowered in fall and produced winter fruits, and shoots sprouted earlier than the current winter flowered in late spring and produced summer fruits. Floral buds on most shoots appeared at the distal end. The weight, pulp percentage, and total soluble solids of winter fruits were significantly higher than those of summer fruits. The number of black seeds was positively correlated with pulp weight (R2 = 0.87). The total soluble solids in the core region of winter fruits reached 22.7 °Brix, higher than that in other regions. Future efforts to improve yellow pitaya production in Taiwan include increasing winter fruit production by enhancing growth of the current year's new shoots through proper canopy management and increasing the size of summer fruit by artificial pollination, fruit thinning, and other means.
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4

Sujadi, Sujadi, Hasrul Abdi Hasibuan, Meta Rivani, and Abdul Razak Purba. "OIL CONTENT AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN THE PARTS OF OIL PALM FRUIT FROM 8 IOPRI VARIETIES." Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit 24, no. 2 (February 2, 2018): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v24i2.9.

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Fresh fruit bunches (FFB) consist of fruit be composed grade in few spikelet. Fruit at a spikelet can be distinguished into performed fruit namely internal fruit, middle fruit and outer fruit as soon as each section contain parthenocarpy fruits. This research was conducted for determine composition and content fatty acid of oil at internal fruit, middle, outer and parthenocarpy fruit from oil palm fruit. Samples of fruit came from 3 – 5 spikelet the central of FFB. Result showed that oil content of outer fruit (46.9 + 9.9)% trend higher be compared middle fruit (42.8 + 10.3)% and internal fruit (39.1 + 9.5)%. Parthenocarpy fruits have a low oil content (14.2 + 16.2)% except yellowish fruit trend high relatively oil content. The main components of fatty acid at outer fruit, middle and internal are palmitic acid, oleic, linoleic and stearic with mean value respectively (44.8 – 45.8)%, (37.6 – 38.0)%, (9.9 – 10.9)% and (4.6 – 4.8)%. Oil content at parthenocarpy fruit have amount main component of fatty acid with performed fruit but composition of palmitic acid (40.0 + 5.9)% and oleic (34.6 + 8.4)% lower while linoleic acid (16.9 + 8.5)% and linolenic (1.6 + 1.8)% higher be compared to performed fruit. Simalungun variety has the highest oil content in the part of fruit, with that PPKS 540 and La Mé respectively. PPKS 540 variety has the highest oleic acid content while PPKS 718 has the highest linoleic content.
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5

Sujadi, Sujadi, Hasrul Abdi Hasibuan, Meta Rivani, and Abdul Razak Purba. "OIL CONTENT AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN THE PARTS OF OIL PALM FRUIT FROM 8 IOPRI VARIETIES." Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit 24, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v24i2.9.

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Fresh fruit bunches (FFB) consist of fruit be composed grade in few spikelet. Fruit at a spikelet can be distinguished into performed fruit namely internal fruit, middle fruit and outer fruit as soon as each section contain parthenocarpy fruits. This research was conducted for determine composition and content fatty acid of oil at internal fruit, middle, outer and parthenocarpy fruit from oil palm fruit. Samples of fruit came from 3 – 5 spikelet the central of FFB. Result showed that oil content of outer fruit (46.9 + 9.9)% trend higher be compared middle fruit (42.8 + 10.3)% and internal fruit (39.1 + 9.5)%. Parthenocarpy fruits have a low oil content (14.2 + 16.2)% except yellowish fruit trend high relatively oil content. The main components of fatty acid at outer fruit, middle and internal are palmitic acid, oleic, linoleic and stearic with mean value respectively (44.8 – 45.8)%, (37.6 – 38.0)%, (9.9 – 10.9)% and (4.6 – 4.8)%. Oil content at parthenocarpy fruit have amount main component of fatty acid with performed fruit but composition of palmitic acid (40.0 + 5.9)% and oleic (34.6 + 8.4)% lower while linoleic acid (16.9 + 8.5)% and linolenic (1.6 + 1.8)% higher be compared to performed fruit. Simalungun variety has the highest oil content in the part of fruit, with that PPKS 540 and La Mé respectively. PPKS 540 variety has the highest oleic acid content while PPKS 718 has the highest linoleic content.
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6

Moreno, Paulo Roberto H., Marcos Enoque Leite Lima, Marcos Sobral, Maria Cláudia Marx Young, Inês Cordeiro, Miriam Anders Apel, Renata Pereira Limberger, and Amélia Teresinha Henriques. "Essential oil composition of fruit colour varieties of Eugenia brasiliensis Lam." Scientia Agricola 64, no. 4 (August 2007): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162007000400014.

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Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. is a variable species concerning fruit colour, with three recognized varieties. However, the definition of varieties is not easy for Myrtaceae species and not widely accepted. Two fruit colour varieties (purple and yellow) of E. brasiliensis had their essential oil composition analysed in order to give support to the existence of varieties for this species. Although, the major components in the leaf oil are the same monoterpenes for both varieties, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene and 1,8-cineol, the purple fruit variety accumulates more oxygenated sesquiterpenes (33.9%) than the one with yellow fruits (3.8%). The major differences occurred in purple fruits that present as major components caryophyllene oxide (22.2%) and alpha-cadinol (10.4%), not found in the leaf oil, and the yellow fruit oil presented a similar composition as observed for the leaves. These fruit colour varieties of E. brasilensis can be considered as two distinct chemotypes, since the sesquiterpene pathway is more operant in the purple variety than in the yellow one, in which monoterpenes are mainly accumulated.
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7

Dahot, M. U., S. M. Mangrio, M. H. Khaskhely, and V. K. Dewani. "Nutrient composition of chibber fruit." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 30, no. 1-2 (January 1999): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103629909370185.

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8

Pareek, Sunil. "Nutritional composition of jujube fruit." Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 25, no. 6 (2013): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.v25i6.15552.

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9

Perring, M. A. "APPLE FRUIT QUALITY IN RELATION TO FRUIT CHEMICAL COMPOSITION." Acta Horticulturae, no. 258 (December 1989): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1989.258.42.

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10

Kaur, Nirmaljit, P. K. Monga, P. K. Arora, and Krishan Kumar. "Effect of micronutrients on leaf composition, fruit quality and yield of Kinnow mandarin." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 639–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i2.658.

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Effect of micronutrients on leaf composition, quality parameters and fruit yield of Kinnow mandarin was studied at Regional Research Station, Abohar. Foliar application of 1000 ppm Zn + 1000 ppm Mn on Kinnow mandarin during the end of April and mid of August gave maximum fruit yield (862 fruits / tree) and good quality fruits (Higher TSS/Acid: 14.23) by correcting these micronutrient deficiencies. Therefore, application of this dose of micronutrient combination will improve yield and fruit quality in Kinnow mandarin by correcting the deficiencies of these micronutrients as a result of which the orchardist will be economically benefited.
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11

Petkova, N. T., V. T. Popova, T. A. Ivanova, N. N. Mazova, N. D. Panayotov, and A. Stoyanova. "Nutritional composition of different cape gooseberry genotypes (Physalis peruviana L.) – a comparative study." Food Research 5, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.5(4).123.

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Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) is a South American fruit with high nutrient content, pleasant taste and antioxidant properties. However, its consumption in some countries is underеvalued. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional composition of two genotypes of Cape gooseberry fruit produced in Bulgaria (CG-F and CG-P) and to compare it with imported Colombian fruits (CG-C). The samples were assayed for size, diameter, moisture, ash, titratable acidity, pH, protein, lipid, carbohydrate, natural pigments, and mineral content. Bulgarian genotypes were smaller in size than the imported Colombian fruits. The protein content (2.54-1.88 g/100 g) was relatively higher in the imported variety, compared with the locally produced fruit. Carbohydrate content (10.23-14.13 g/100 g) slightly varied between the genotypes. The sweetness of the fruit was due to the main detected sugars – sucrose, glucose and fructose. CG-F and GC-C genotypes had similar sweetness indices, and fruit taste was evaluated as sweet-sour. Pectin content did not exceed 1.85%; the cellulose content varied between 4.29% and 6.64%. Moreover, all investigated fruit had a low lipid content (below 1.00%). The total chlorophyll and carotenoids levels were the highest in the local genotype CG-P (3.62 and 22.36 µg/g). Potassium was the predominant macro-element in all genotypes; there were numerical differences in the rest of the minerals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn), while the heavy metals, Pb, Cd and Cr, were generally absent. Cape gooseberry fruit of Bulgarian origin was evaluated as a low-calorie nutrient, compatible with the imported Colombian fruit.
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12

Green, Richard C., and Nicholas H. Low. "Physicochemical composition of buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea), chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) and sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) fruit harvested in Saskatchewan, Canada." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 93, no. 6 (November 2013): 1143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2013-087.

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Green, R. C. and Low, N. H. 2013. Physicochemical composition of buffaloberry ( Shepherdia argentea ), chokecherry ( Prunus virginiana ) and sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides ) fruit harvested in Saskatchewan, Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1143–1153. There is increasing interest in the commercialization of native fruits for utilization as foods and medicinal extracts. This study was undertaken to determine the physicochemical properties of buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea), chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) and sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) fruit grown in Saskatchewan. The physicochemical analyses of samples of each of these fruits included carbohydrate content, CIELAB color values, organic acid composition, pH, percent seed weight, phenolic compound content, soluble solids content, total titratable acidity (TTA) and proximate composition (ash, fibre, lipid, moisture and protein). Buffaloberry was found to contain high TTA and was especially high in ascorbic acid at 209±37 mg 100 g−1 fruit, fresh weight basis. Chokecherry contained high levels of anthocyanin at 237±41 mg 100 g−1 fruit, fresh weight basis. The results of this study suggest all of these native fruits possess compounds important to the human diet.
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13

Usui, Masayuki, Peter G. Kevan, and Yukio Kakuda. "Composition and energy values of wild fruits from the boreal forest of northern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74, no. 3 (July 1, 1994): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps94-105.

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Seventeen wild fruit species from the Chapleau Crown Game Preserve in northern Ontario were investigated for composition and energy value. The mean moisture, fat, protein and carbohydrate levels were 77.1, 0.84, 1.6 and 7.6%, respectively, based on fresh fruit weight. Carbohydrates showed the greatest variations in composition with values ranging from 1.8% for corn lily to 16.4% for wild sarsaparilla. Total energy values were calculated from the compositional data. Wild sarsaparilla (73.4 kcal 100 g−1), pincherry (69.8 kcal 100 g−1), red elderberry (68.8 kcal 100 g−1), serviceberry (54.0 kcal 100 g−1) and lowbush blueberry (52.5 kcal 100 g−1) were ranked in the top five. Two species of lowbush blueberries (V. angustifolium and V. myrtilloides) were studied for location and level of slope effects on composition and total energy values. Key words: Wild fruits, composition, energy values, Vaccinium angustifolium, Vaccinium myrtilloides, lowbush blueberry
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14

Lumpkin, Heather A., and W. Alice Boyle. "Effects of forest age on fruit composition and removal in tropical bird-dispersed understorey trees." Journal of Tropical Ecology 25, no. 5 (September 2009): 515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467409006208.

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Abstract:Little is known about how land-use changes affect interspecific interactions such as fruit–frugivore mutualisms. Forest age could affect both fruit sugar concentrations via differences in light availability or disperser abundance, and fruit removal rates via differences in bird and plant community composition. We examined how these two factors are affected by forest age in a Costa Rican rain forest. We compared seven young-secondary forest species, seven old-growth forest species, andMiconia nervosagrowing in both forests. We measured sugar concentrations in fruits and manipulated the location of paired fruiting branches, measuring subsequent fruit removal. Sugar concentration means were on average 2.1 percentage points higher in young-secondary forest species than in old-growth forest species, but did not differ amongMiconia nervosafruits from the two forests. Fruit removal rates were higher in young-secondary forest for 86% of young-secondary forest species, 71% of old-growth forest species, and on average for both young-secondary and old-growth forestMiconia nervosaindividuals. Higher sugar concentrations in young-secondary forest plants could reflect stronger competition for dispersers, while experimental fruit removal results suggests the opposite patterns of competition; fruits are more likely to be removed by dispersers in young-secondary forest independent of fruit nutrient concentration.
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15

Mamede, Alexandra M. G. N., Antonio G. Soares, Eder J. Oliveira, and Adriana Farah. "Volatile Composition of Sweet Passion Fruit (Passiflora alata Curtis)." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3497216.

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Passiflora alata Curtis (sweet passion fruit) is a native species grown in South America, especially in Brazil. In addition to being aromatic, its pulp is sweeter and less acidic compared to traditional commercial passion fruits, and this makes it highly appreciated for fresh consumption. Its aroma is also very distinct from other passion fruit species but it has not been characterized so far. In the present study, for the first time, the volatile composition of sweet passion fruit was investigated. Two genotypes (BGM004 and BGM163) were evaluated and two SPME fibers were tested. Forty-five volatile compounds were properly identified and semiquantified. The carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) fiber presented better performance regarding both number and concentration of compounds. Esters and terpenes were the main volatile classes. Methyl butanoate, methyl (E)-2-butenoate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl (E)-2-butenoate, methyl 2-hexenoate, and ethyl-2-hexenoate were among major compounds. As complementary results, sugar content, titratable acidity, pH, and total soluble solids were evaluated.
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16

Qin, C. G., Y. Li, W. N. Niu, Y. Ding, X. Y. Shang, and C. L. Xu. "Composition analysis and structural identification of anthocyanins in fruit of waxberry." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 29, No. 2 (March 25, 2011): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/177/2010-cjfs.

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Anthocyanin pigments in the fruit of waxberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.), were extracted with 0.1% HCl in ethanol, and the crude anthocyanin extract was purified by C18 Sep-Pak cartridge open-column chromatography. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array detection (PAD) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was applied for the separation and identification of anthocyanins in the fruit of waxberry and their aglycones resulting from acid hydrolysis. Three anthocyanins were found in the fruit of waxberry and identified as Cyanidin 3-O-&beta;-galacopyranoside (14.8%), Cyanidin 3-O-&beta;-gluco-<br />pyranoside (60.5%), and petunidin 3-O-&beta;-glucopyranoside (24.7%), respectively, using spectroscopic methods (UV-Vis<br />and MS). The three anthocyanins were isolated and purified by preparative HPLC, and their chemical structures were further characterised by H<sup>1</sup> NMR. On the basis of chromatographic data, the total anthocyanin content was 286 mg/g in fresh fruit of waxberry. &nbsp;
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17

Badii, K. B., M. K. Billah, K. Afreh-Nuamah, and D. Obeng-Ofori. "Species composition and host range of fruit-infesting flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in northern Ghana." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 35, no. 03 (July 10, 2015): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758415000090.

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An important aspect of fruit fly management is accurate information on the species and their host spectrum. Studies were conducted between October 2011 and September 2013 to determine the host range and species diversity of pest fruit flies in the northern savannah ecology of Ghana. Fruit samples from 80 potential host plants (wild and cultivated) were collected and incubated for fly emergence; 65 (81.5%) of the plant species were positive to fruit flies. From records in Africa, 11 plant species were reported to be new hosts to the African invader fly,Bactrocera invadens(Drew, Tsuruta and White, 2005). This study documented the first records ofDacus ciliatus(Loew) andTrirhithrum nigerrimum(Bezzi) in northern Ghana although both species have been previously reported in other parts of the country. Infestation byB. invadenswas higher in the cultivated fruits;Ceratitis cosyradominated in most wild fruits. Cucurbitaceae were mainly infested by three species ofDacusandBactroceracucurbitae, a specialized cucurbit feeder. Among the commercial fruit species, the highest infestations were observed in mango, tomato, sweet pepper and watermelon, whereas marula plum, soursop, tropical almond, sycamore fig, African peach, shea nut, persimmon, icacina and albarillo dominated the wild host flora. The widespread availability of host plants and the incidence of diverse fly species in the ecology call for particular attention to their impact on commercial fruits and the development of sustainable management strategies against these economically important pests in Ghana.
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18

Wang, Shiow Y., Gene J. Galletta, Mary J. Camp, and Michael J. Kasperbauer. "Mulch Types Affect Fruit Quality and Composition of Two Strawberry Genotypes." HortScience 33, no. 4 (July 1998): 636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.4.636.

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The influence of mulch types (black polyethylene, red polyethylene, and straw-vetch in raised bed hill culture) on the chemical composition of `Northeaster' and `Primetime' strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) fruit and plant parts was evaluated. Ascorbic acid (AA), malic acid, citric acid, and ellagic acid levels were higher in `Primetime' than in `Northeaster' fruits, while `Northeaster' had a higher soluble solids content (SSC). Fruit grown on straw-vetch had lower SSC than did those grown on the polyethylene mulches. The AA content in the fruit of either cultivar was not affected by the mulch treatment. Fruit grown on the straw-vetch mulch had less red surface and flesh color but higher pigment intensity than fruit grown on the polyethylene mulches. Strawberry plants grown on straw-vetch mulch had the largest leaf area and the highest chlorophyll content, while plants grown on red polyethylene mulch had the smallest leaf area and lowest chlorophyll content. There were significant mulch × cultivar interactions in fruit titratable acid (TA) and AA levels, sugars, citric and ellagic acid contents, leaf area and chlorophyll levels, and soluble carbohydrate and starch contents in leaves, petioles, crowns, crown-roots, and roots. TA was highest in `Northeaster' fruit when grown on red polyethylene, whereas TA was highest in `Primetime' fruit when grown on straw-vetch. The highest fruit citric acid levels were found in straw-vetch mulched plots of `Northeaster', and in black polyethylene mulched plots of `Primetime'. Ellagic acid accumulation was highest in `Northeaster' fruit grown on black polyethylene, and in `Primetime' fruit grown on red polyethylene or straw-vetch mulches. Fruit glucose content was highest in `Northeaster', but lowest in `Primetime', when grown on the straw-vetch mulch. There was a general tendency for soluble carbohydrate and starch levels in plant tissues to be lowest when the plants were grown in red polyethylene mulch and highest when grown in black polyethylene mulch. `Primetime' contained higher total carbohydrate levels than did `Northeaster' in all tissues tested.
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19

Zymone, Kristina, Lina Raudone, Raimondas Raudonis, Mindaugas Marksa, Liudas Ivanauskas, and Valdimaras Janulis. "Phytochemical Profiling of Fruit Powders of Twenty Sorbus L. Cultivars." Molecules 23, no. 10 (October 10, 2018): 2593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102593.

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Rowanberries have been traditionally used in various processed foods. Scientific research demonstrates the pharmacological effects of Sorbus L. fruits are determined by their unique composition of biologically active compounds. The aim of this study was to determine the composition of flavonoids, phenolic acids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, organic acids and sugars as well as the total antioxidant activity in fruit powders of 20 Sorbus cultivars. Chemical profiles of rowanberry fruit powders vary significantly. Cultivars ‘Burka’, ‘Likernaja’, ‘Dodong’, and ‘Fructo Lutea’ distinguish themselves with exclusive phytochemical composition and high antioxidant activity. Fruit powders from ‘Burka’, ‘Likernaja’ contain the highest contents of anthocyanins while fruit powder samples from ‘Fructo Lutea’ and ‘Dodong’ contain the highest levels of phenolic acids, ascorbic acid and the lowest levels of fructose. Fruit powder samples from ‘Dodong’ also contain the highest levels of β-carotene and sorbitol and the lowest levels of malic acid. Cultivars ‘Burka’, ‘Likernaja’, ‘Dodong’, and ‘Fructo Lutea’ could be selected as eligible raw materials for the preparation of rowanberry fruit powders.
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20

Başar, Haluk, and Serhat Gürel. "Mineral nutrient composition of leaves and fruits of black table Olive cv. Gemlik." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 44, no. 4 (October 21, 2018): 669–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i4.38649.

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A comparative study on mineral composition of the olive trees was made to see the changes in the content of the nutrient elements in the component (leaf and fruit) parts. Differences between the leaf and fruit mean concentrations of the whole elements examined were found to be statistically significant. Potassium and boron concentrations in the fruits were higher than that of the leaves. But, the concentration of the rest of the elements in the fruits was lower than the leaves.
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21

Doryanizadeh, Mahshid, Mahmood Ghasemnezhad, and Atefeh Sabouri. "Estimation of Postharvest Quality of “Red Delicious” Apple Fruits Based on Fruit Nutrient Elements Composition." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 1 (December 7, 2016): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n1p164.

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<p>Fruit nutrient elements content during harvest could considerably effect on postharvest life of apples. In this study, apple fruits cultivar Red Delicious were harvested at the commercial maturity stage at 20 commercial orchards. Fruits were divided into three groups according to peel color; dark red, medium and light red. The mineral elements nutrient content such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium and their ratios were measured in the harvested fruits. Thereafter, fruits were places in the cold storage at 0 °C and relative humidity of 90% for 4 months. The characteristics such as fruits weight loss, firmness, TSS, dry matter, total anthocyanin content, antioxidant activity, respiration rate and ethylene production were measured at the end of storage. The results showed a positive significant correlation between fruit firmness at the end of storage time with N+K:Ca, K+Mg:Ca, K:Ca and Mg:Ca ratios. Furthermore, a negative significant correlation was found between total anthocyanin with Nitrogen content, Mg:Ca and N:Ca ratios. The results also showed a positive significant correlation between fruit respiration rate and Nitrogen, N+K:Ca and N:Ca ratios. The analysis of regression based on mean values of three red apple groups showed a significant negative correlation between total anthocyanin with fruit ethylene production at the storage time and Mg:Ca ratio. The relationship between these two variables and Anthocyanin was expressed by the equation of regression: Anthocyanin = 100.22–1.651 Ethylene–43.963 Mg:Ca. Overall, the results confirm that measurement of fruit mineral composition during harvest time could be a strategy for predicting postharvest behaviors of apple fruits at the cold storage. Also the results showed that a relationship between mineral nutrient composition and the characteristics such as firmness, anthocyanin, respiratory rate in apple fruits.</p>
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22

Hussain, Faiq H. S., and Sirwa N. Majid. "Fatty Acids Composition of Seed & Fleshoil of Prunus Microcarpa Fruit." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 6, no. 1 (February 17, 2003): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10112.

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23

Perestrelo, Rosa, Catarina Silva, Pedro Silva, Sonia Medina, and José Câmara. "Differentiation of Fresh and Processed Fruit Juices Using Volatile Composition." Molecules 24, no. 5 (March 10, 2019): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24050974.

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In the current study, a comprehensive approach based on headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), combined with gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-qMS), was used to establish the volatile signature of fresh and processed fruit juices, obtained from the same batch of grapes, red fruits, orange, pear, and apple. This is a powerful tool for evaluating the impact of the production process on the volatomic pattern of fruit juice. A total of 169 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) belonging to different chemical groups were identified. Esters, carbonyl compounds, terpenoids, and alcohols are the major chemical groups in the investigated fruit juices. However, their contribution to the total volatile profile varied. Special attention should be paid to processed fruit juices to avoid the possible deleterious effects associated with the formation of furanic compounds (e.g., heat treatment), since their furanic content was significantly higher in comparison to that of fresh fruit juices. The knowledge obtained in the current study will allow for the introduction of modifications to the process involved in processing juice, which will improve the organoleptic characteristics of processed juices, contributing to a better acceptance by consumers. Furthermore, more assays should be performed to assess the effect of harvests, geography, and agronomy on the volatile profile of juices.
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Florence, Inje Oibiokpa, Ichekanu Adoga Godwin, Ndaman Saidu Abubakar, and Oluwatosin Shittu Kudirat. "Nutritional composition of Detarium microcarpum fruit." African Journal of Food Science 8, no. 6 (June 30, 2014): 342–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajfs2014.1161.

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Murillo, Enrique, Moises Watts, Gabriel Reyna, Daniele Giuffrida, and Armando A. Durant-Archibold. "Carotenoid Composition of Cionosicyos macranthus Fruit." Natural Product Communications 14, no. 7 (July 2019): 1934578X1986264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x19862649.

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A complete determination of the carotenoid composition of the edible aril and mesocarp of Cionosicyos macranthus fruit is reported for the first time. The carotenoids present in the fruit were identified and quantified using high-purity carotenoid standards. The fruit contained several rare carotenoids like zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, and cryptocapsin epoxides. Various keto-κ end-ring carotenoids, derivatives of their corresponding epoxides, ie cryptocapsin, capsanthin, capsanthin 5,6-epoxide, and capsoneoxanthin, were also identified. The total carotenoid contents for the aril and mesocarp were 226.0 μg/g and 83.4 µg/g, respectively. β-Cryptoxanthin was the most abundant carotenoid in both edible parts (58.3 μg/g in the aril and 29.5 μg/g in the mesocarp). Cryptocapsin was the primary keto-κ end-ring carotenoid both in the aril (41.6 μg/g) and in the mesocarp (13.2 μg/g). The fruit provitamin A activity was also determined. Considering the high β-cryptoxanthin and cryptocapsin contents, C. macranthus can be considered a good source of provitamin A carotenoids.
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Sarni-Manchado, Pascale, Erwan Le Roux, Christine Le Guernevé, Yves Lozano, and Véronique Cheynier. "Phenolic Composition of Litchi Fruit Pericarp." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 48, no. 12 (December 2000): 5995–6002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf000815r.

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Fu, X. P., H. A. Aisa, M. Abdurahim, A. Yili, S. F. Aripova, and B. Tashkhodzhaev. "Chemical composition of Capparis spinosa fruit." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 43, no. 2 (March 2007): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-007-0074-5.

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28

Rudikovskaya, E. G., L. V. Dudareva, A. A. Shishparenok, N. B. Mitanova, I. G. Petrova, and A. V. Rudikovskii. "Phenolic Composition of Malus baccata Fruit." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 50, no. 4 (September 10, 2014): 739–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-014-1069-7.

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29

Cohen, Eliahou, Yavin Shalom, and Ida Rosenberger. "Postharvest Ethanol Buildup and Off-flavor in `Murcott' Tangerine Fruits." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 115, no. 5 (September 1990): 775–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.115.5.775.

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Britex and Zivdar, water-based polyethylene waxes, were applied in commercial and experimental formulations as spray coating, a single dip, or double dips on `Murcott' tangerine (Citrus reticulate Blanco) fruits. Postharvest waxing of `Murcott' tangerine reduced weight loss but affected the sensory characteristics of the fruit. Charges in fruit weight loss and juice composition occurred in the waxed fruits after 4 weeks of storage at 5C plus 1 week of simulated retail handling at 17C. Changes in internal fruit atmosphere were related to fruit flavor quality.
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Marsol-Vall, Alexis, Barbara Sgorbini, Cecilia Cagliero, Carlo Bicchi, Jordi Eras, and Mercè Balcells. "Volatile Composition and Enantioselective Analysis of Chiral Terpenoids of Nine Fruit and Vegetable Fibres Resulting from Juice Industry By-Products." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8675014.

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Fruit and vegetable fibres resulting as by-products of the fruit juice industry have won popularity because they can be valorised as food ingredients. In this regard, bioactive compounds have already been studied but little attention has been paid to their remaining volatiles. Considering all the samples, 57 volatiles were identified. Composition greatly differed between citrus and noncitrus fibres. The former presented over 90% of terpenoids, with limonene being the most abundant and ranging from 52.7% in lemon to 94.0% in tangerine flesh. Noncitrus fibres showed more variable compositions, with the predominant classes being aldehydes in apple (57.5%) and peach (69.7%), esters (54.0%) in pear, and terpenoids (35.3%) in carrot fibres. In addition, enantioselective analysis of some of the chiral terpenoids present in the fibre revealed that the enantiomeric ratio for selected compounds was similar to the corresponding volatile composition of raw fruits and vegetables and some derivatives, with the exception of terpinen-4-ol andα-terpineol, which showed variation, probably due to the drying process. The processing to which fruit residues were submitted produced fibres with low volatile content for noncitrus products. Otherwise, citrus fibres analysed still presented a high volatile composition when compared with noncitrus ones.
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Shan, Nan, Zengyu Gan, Jing Nie, Huan Liu, Zhenyu Wang, and Xiaolei Sui. "Comprehensive Characterization of Fruit Volatiles and Nutritional Quality of Three Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Genotypes from Different Geographic Groups after Bagging Treatment." Foods 9, no. 3 (March 5, 2020): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9030294.

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Bagging is widely practiced to produce high quality and unblemished fruit; however, little is currently known about the effect of bagging on flavor and nutritional quality of cucumber fruits. Here we determined the influence of bagging on fruit quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) using three genotypes from different geographic groups. Exocarp chlorophyll and carotenoid levels were significantly decreased by bagging, accompanied by color change. Ascorbate content in bagged fruits decreased to some extent, while contents of soluble sugars, starch, and cellulose were comparable with those of control fruits. Compositions related to fruit flavor quality could be enhanced largely through bagging treatment, with elevation of the relative proportion of C6 aldehyde, as well as (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal/(E)-2-nonenal ratio, and linoleic/α-linolenic acid ratio. Lipoxygenase and hydroperoxide lyase, two key enzymes in the production of volatiles, displayed distinctive transcript expression patterns and trends in changes of enzymatic activity in the bagged fruits of different genotypes. Overall, this study assesses the information on changing characteristics of fruit volatile composition and nutritional quality among different cucumber genotypes after bagging treatment. Results of this study would contribute to providing reference for mechanism study and cultivation conditions to improve cucumber fruit flavor to a considerable degree.
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El-Mardi, M. O., A. E. Pillay, J. R. Williams, C. S. Bakheit, S. M. Hassan, M. Al-Hadabbi, and A. Al-Hamdi. "Influence of Alternate Bearing on Leaf and Fruit Mineral Composition at Different Developmental Stages of Date Palm Fruits." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol10iss1pp5-12.

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Samples of leaflets and fruits at different stages were collected from 6 “on-palms” and 6 “off-palms” (15-16 years) of the Fard Cultivar. Samples were dried, ashed and digested. Macro and micronutrient concentrations of K, Ca, Mg,Na, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mg were determined by ICP-AES and N was measured by Kjeldhal method. Significant changes in the elemental concentrations of leaf and fruit occurred between Kimri (green color) and Bisir (yellowish-red color) development stages. Potassium and Mg concentration was reduced in leaf and fruit. Calcium and Na were reduced in the fruit and increased in the leaf. Iron, Zn and Mn were not significantly different between Bisir and Kimi. However, Fe in the fruit and leaf increased between Kimri and Bisir and decreased from Bisir to Rutab stages. The concentration of Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn was higher in the leaf than fruit. In contrast K, Zn and Cu were higher in the fruit. Higher Ca and Mg in leaves through the developmental stages were associated with higher concentration of K in the fruit than the leaf. These variations in the leaf and fruit elemental concentration were associated with physiological and biochemical changes during fruit development. Significant differences in the fruit elemental concentrations between the “on” (high yield producing) and “off” (low yield producing) palms during the developmental stages were in Ca, K, Mn and Fe and in the leaf in Mg and K. However, the general trend during Rutab (honey color, soft tissue) indicates that “off-palm” leaves have higher N, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn than “on-palm” leaves. Potassium and Na were higher in the “on-palm” leaves than “off-palm” leaves. But in the fruit, Rutab Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn content followed similar trends as in the “off-palm” leaves; in contrast to leaves, K and Na were higher in “off-palms” fruits and Cu and Mn higher in “on-palm” fruits. The results indicate the need for further research.
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Hasan, MM, MSA Fakir, MM Rahman, and S. Naznin. "Fruit growth and proximate composition of deshi (Diospyros peregrina) and bilati gab (D. discolor)." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 12, no. 2 (July 12, 2016): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i2.28680.

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Fruit (berry) growth, maturity and nutritional composition of deshi (Diospyros peregrina Gurke) and bilati Gab (D. discolor Gurke) were investigated at the Botanical Garden of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh (24o26' and 24054' N and 90015' and 90030' E) between April and August, 2011. Flowers were tagged at first opening (days after flowering, DAF) and fruit growth was investigated up to maturity. Fruit size (length and diameter), individual fruit weight, AGR and proximate composition of matured fruits were investigated. Morphological and growth parameters were recorded at 7-days interval up to 63 DAF in deshi and 85 DAF in bilati gab. All the morphological characters of fruits were gradually increased with increasing DAF and followed sigmoid pattern. The length and diameter of the berry became 5.80 and 4.61 cm, respectively at 63 DAF in deshi gab, and 9.13 and 7.62 cm, respectively at 85 DAF in bilati gab. The fresh and dry weights of berries were also maximum at 63 DAF in deshi and at 85 DAF in bilati gab. The maximum dry weight of seed i.e. PM in deshi gab attained at 56 DAF and that of bilati gab at 83 DAF. The proximate composition of matured berries of deshi and bilati gab at PM showed little variation between the species and hence, average crude protein, crude fat, ash and total carbohydrate was 5.35, 1.08, 3.74 and 67.47%, respectively. It might be concluded that harvest maturity attained around two months after flowering in deshi gab with yellowish green colour on fruit coat and three months from flowering in bilati gab when fruits turn into deep red colour with average fruit fresh weight of 60 g and 220 g, respectively.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(2): 261-266, December 2014
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Bejanidze, Irina, Tina Kharebava, Nargiz Alasania, Nato Didmanidze, and Nazi Davitadze. "INFLUENСE OF SEASONAL FACTOR ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PERSIMMON." CBU International Conference Proceedings 7 (September 30, 2019): 891–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v7.1471.

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Persimmon is one of the most popular and favorite fruits not only in Georgia, but also in other countries. People love it for its unique specific taste and high nutritional value. There are more than 500 types of persimmon, properties and tastes which depend on the persimmon growing conditions. The purpose of this project was to study the persimmon fruit chemical composition, the regularity in the quantity changes of the bioactive substances and technical-economical persimmon parameters during its storage and technological processing; to develop a highly profitable and efficient composite production technology for a new assortment of products and high quality beverages. Organoleptic and chemical tests of 12 persimmon fruit varieties were made. The content and composition of sugars, polyphenols, pectin, and tanning substances, were defined; and the relation of these parameters to the fruit maturity degree, the dynamics of their change in the ripening and storage process were determined. In addition, we determined the content of sugars ( inverted, total, saccharose), tanning substances (free, total), polyphenols and nitrogen through a spectrophotometric method, dry solids through a refractometric method, pectin (total, soluble, protopectin) and acidity through a potentiometric method, and cellulose through a chlorite method. The feasibility of the persimmon fruit industrial processing was established. Persimmon fruit of Khachia and Khiakume varieties were proved to be the best raw material for the industrial production of a fruit alcohol and beverages. It should be noted here that persimmon fruit must be harvested in November when they have a dark orange colouring and their dry solids content reaches 18%, inverted sugars make up 16-16.5%, and the acidity is 0.12%. For concentrate production, persimmon must be harvested in October when the fruit are yellow and their tanning and colouring substances reach 1.24%, and pectin substances make up 0.77%. The fruit sugars are glucose and fructose, generally in equal quantities. Tanning substances, leicoantocianes, in particular, are responsible for the tart taste; the lower their content is, the less the tart taste is felt, moreover, ripe fruit are less tart in flavour which is due to the tanning substances getting bound with high molecular substances. All the 12 persimmon varieties cultivated in Georgia can be used as raw material, including substandard and overripe fruit that are not marketable and do not have a long shelf life.
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Sidor and Gramza-Michałowska. "Black Chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa L.—A Qualitative Composition, Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Potential." Molecules 24, no. 20 (October 15, 2019): 3710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24203710.

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Black chokeberry (Aronia melnocarpa) is a source of many bioactive compounds with a wide spectrum of health-promoting properties. Fresh, unprocessed chokeberry fruits are rarely consumed due to their astringent taste, but they are used in the food industry for the production of juices, nectars, syrups, jams, preserves, wines, tinctures, fruit desserts, jellies, fruit teas and dietary supplements. Polyphenols are biofactors that determine the high bioactivity of chokeberries, some of the richest sources of polyphenols, which include anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, flavonols, flavanols, proanthocyanidins, and phenolic acids. Chokeberry fruit and products have great antioxidant and health-promoting potential as they reduce the occurrence of free radicals. This publication reviewed the scientific research regarding the phenolic compounds and the antioxidant potential of chokeberry fruits, products and isolated compounds. These findings may be crucial in future research concerning chokeberry based functional food products. Chokeberry fruits can be considered as promising component of designed food with enhanced antioxidant potential. However, like other plants and medicinal products of natural origin, black chokeberry requires extensive studies to determine its antioxidant potential, safety and mechanisms of action.
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Roch, Léa, Sylvain Prigent, Holger Klose, Coffi-Belmys Cakpo, Bertrand Beauvoit, Catherine Deborde, Laetitia Fouillen, et al. "Biomass composition explains fruit relative growth rate and discriminates climacteric from non-climacteric species." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 19 (June 27, 2020): 5823–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa302.

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Abstract Fleshy fruits are very varied, whether in terms of their composition, physiology, or rate and duration of growth. To understand the mechanisms that link metabolism to phenotypes, which would help the targeting of breeding strategies, we compared eight fleshy fruit species during development and ripening. Three herbaceous (eggplant, pepper, and cucumber), three tree (apple, peach, and clementine) and two vine (kiwifruit and grape) species were selected for their diversity. Fruit fresh weight and biomass composition, including the major soluble and insoluble components, were determined throughout fruit development and ripening. Best-fitting models of fruit weight were used to estimate relative growth rate (RGR), which was significantly correlated with several biomass components, especially protein content (R=84), stearate (R=0.72), palmitate (R=0.72), and lignocerate (R=0.68). The strong link between biomass composition and RGR was further evidenced by generalized linear models that predicted RGR with R-values exceeding 0.9. Comparison of the fruit also showed that climacteric fruit (apple, peach, kiwifruit) contained more non-cellulosic cell-wall glucose and fucose, and more starch, than non-climacteric fruit. The rate of starch net accumulation was also higher in climacteric fruit. These results suggest that the way biomass is constructed has a major influence on performance, especially growth rate.
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37

Burak, L. Ch. "The use of elder marc in the food industry." New Technologies 16, no. 5 (December 31, 2020): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47370/2072-0920-2020-16-5-20-27.

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The article describes the varieties of elderberry, and the process of black elderberry fruits ripening. External characteristics of flowers, followed by ripening of fruits, have been described. The main components useful for the human body have been identified, which are contained in the fruits of the black elderberry. The effect of elderberry fruits on the human body when used for medicinal purposes has been. Elderberry fruits have a coloring substance that must be added to confectionery creams, sweets, marshmallows, as well as to liqueurs and wine products to give the products color and nutmeg taste. Elderberry fruits can be eaten fresh, ripe, but the most delicious and more useful fruits are provided in processed form, especially in juice and dried form. The useful properties of elderberry have been described, as well as the dangerous properties that appear in case of eating unripe elderberry fruits growing in the Republic of Belarus. The detailed composition of the components of elderberry fruit has been considered, all its useful properties noted. Particular attention is paid to the chemical composition of elderberry fruit, detailed amino acid composition of elderberry fruit has been given, and the composition of anthocyanin content in juice of direct extraction from elderberry fruit has been shown. The use of elderberry pomace in the food industry for the preparation of jam, jams, confiture, preserves and other products, as well as adding to wine, alcoholic beverages, to impart nutmeg taste, in the confectionery industry to add to dough and giving the product an almond smell has been described. It is especially noted that the pomace from elderberries contains biological active substances, bioflavonoids, anthocyanins, which confirms their immediate importance and the need to use for the creation of many products for preventive and functional purposes in the food industry.
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Bayarri, S., C. Calvo, E. Costell, and L. Durán. "Influence of Color on Perception of Sweetness and Fruit Flavor of Fruit Drinks." Food Science and Technology International 7, no. 5 (October 2001): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1106/jjwn-ffrq-jbmc-lq5r.

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The objective of this work was to study the effects of color on the perception of both sweetness and fruit flavor of different fruit (peach, orange, kiwifruit and berries) beverages. Four samples of each fruit beverage were prepared by adding different colorants but maintaining the same composition. Color was measured using a Hunter Lab colorimeter. Samples of each of the different fruits were ranked for color, sweetness and typical fruit flavor by a group of assessors. Color was found to influence sweetness only in orange drinks but it affected intensity of typical flavor in all fruit drinks.
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Yamane, Hisayo, Megumi Ichiki, Ryutaro Tao, Tomoya Esumi, Keizo Yonemori, Takeshi Niikawa, and Hino Motosugi. "Growth Characteristics of a Small-fruit Dwarf Mutant Arising from Bud Sport Mutation in Japanese Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.)." HortScience 43, no. 6 (October 2008): 1726–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.6.1726.

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Fruit size is one of the most important traits that affect the economic value of fruit. In persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.), somatic and bud-sport mutations that affect the fruit traits are frequently observed. Recently, a small-fruit mutant, ‘Totsutanenashi’ (TTN), was discovered in Japan as a bud-sport mutant of the leading cultivar Hiratanenashi (HTN). In this study, we investigated the morphological and physiological characteristics of TTN and HTN focusing on the tree architecture, fruit size, and the fruit flesh chemical composition. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the potential horticultural use of TTN and to characterize the differences between HTN and TTN. Both TTN and HTN are nonaploid plants, indicating that a difference in ploidy is not the cause of the small-fruit mutation. The vegetative growth of trees and tissue-cultured shoots of TTN was more compact than that of HTN. The floral organs of TTN appeared similar to those of HTN before flowering, but the TTN flowers opened earlier, resulting in smaller ovaries than in HTN flowers. The fruit size of TTN was consistently lower than that of HTN at all fruit developmental stages. TTN fruit had a higher sugar content and a higher proportion of sucrose to total sugars than HTN fruit. TTN fruits contained lower levels of secondary metabolites such as soluble tannins and ascorbate than HTN fruits. These results suggest that the fruit size mutation also affects the fruit biochemistry, leading to alterations in the fruit flesh composition. TTN may be a valuable genetic resource because compact trees require less labor and maintenance, and small, sweeter fruits may meet the various needs of consumers. The use of TTN in studies of the genetic control of fruit size is also discussed.
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40

Borowicz, V. A., and A. G. Stephenson. "Fruit composition and patterns of fruit dispersal of two Cornus spp." Oecologia 67, no. 3 (October 1985): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00384952.

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41

Oladele, AT, EAU Ofodile, BT Udi, and GO Alade. "Proximate and Mineral Elements Composition of Three Forest Fruits Sold in Port Harcourt, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 11 (January 7, 2021): 1899–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i11.9.

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This study aimed to assess the nutritional and trace elements composition of selected forest fruits sold for human consumption in Port Harcourt. Fruit contamination by heavy metals is an issue of global concern. Nondegradable elements bioaccumulations in tissues and organs have deleterious effects in man. Three (3) Agroforestry fruits species; (Spondias cytherea L. (Anacardiaceae), Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry Myrtaceae and Cola pachycarpa K. Schum. Malvaceae) were purposefully selected and sourced from three strategically located markets namely; Oil mill, Choba and D/line fruit markets. The fruit species were procured and washed with distilled water and the edible parts extracted, chopped and sun dried properly. The nutritional composition was analyzed using 18th edition of the Association of Official Analytical Chemist while trace metals were analysed using PIXE Accelerator. Spondias cytherea yielded high percentage of crude Protein (8.373±0.1) and Fibre content (11.73±0.03), while Syzygium malaccense was rich in Fat (7.17±0.02) and Ash (4.17±0.04). Moisture content was highest in Cola parchycarpa (12.63±0.05). PIXE Accelerator analysis revealed that the fruits contain high concentration of trace metals; S. malaccense contained Mg (1170±237.0ppm), Si (60.02±68.95ppm), Al (14.89±7.71ppm), Fe (10. 60±4.11ppm), Rb (3.20±0.00ppm) and Ti (1.82±0.00ppm). C. parchycarpa had Zn (6.22±11.80ppm), Cr (1.60±0.75 ppm), Mn (0. 71±0.87ppm) and Cu (0.38±0.33ppm). Ni (0.16 ppm) was found only in S. cytherea fruit. The forest fruits are rich in nutrients vital for healthy growth but the level of heavy metals (Mg, Al. Cr, Fe and Zn) in each of the fruits were above WHO/FAO permissible limit, therefore excessive consumption on a daily/weekly routine should be avoided. Keywords: Forest fruits, proximate, heavy metals, human health
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42

Mikulic-Petkovsek, Maja, Robert Veberic, Metka Hudina, Zala Zorenc, Darinka Koron, and Mateja Senica. "Fruit Quality Characteristics and Biochemical Composition of Fully Ripe Blackberries Harvested at Different Times." Foods 10, no. 7 (July 7, 2021): 1581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071581.

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We investigated how the quality of blackberry fruit changes during the ripening period. Since it is difficult to predict picking dates for blackberries, we were interested in how the quality of fully ripe fruit changed depending on the sampling date (from 28 July to 1 September). Blackberries (at full ripeness) were sampled at six weekly intervals and the contents of sugars, vitamin C, organic acids and phenolic components were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. The colour parameters, total soluble solids and weight of the fruits were also measured. The results showed that the fruits at the last sampling had a significantly lower fruit weight and higher soluble solids. ‘Cacanska Bestrna’ had the highest fruit weight and vitamin C content (11.43 mg/100 g). The main sugars in blackberries were fructose (13.8–33.4 g/kg FW) and glucose (13.0–33.2 g/kg FW). ‘Loch Ness’ and ‘Navaho’ had a sweeter taste since they had the highest ratio of sugars and acids (S/A approx. 5.8) and ‘Smoothstem’ and ‘Thornfree’ had the sourest taste, with a ratio of S/A 2.5. Blackberries harvested at the first two samplings had lower anthocyanin contents than fruits from later sampling times. There were no significant differences in the content of flavonols, ellagitannins, flavanols or hydroxycinnamic acids during the ripening period. The content of vitamin C in the fruits did not change among samplings, but the fruits had a higher content of organic acids at the first two or three samplings. The results may be useful for both the processing industry and growers to set quality standards for each variety and to determine the optimal harvest time.
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Wongsariya, K., and P. Kanchanadumkerng. "Proximate composition of the edible part of purple passion fruit and santol and in vitro prebiotic activity of crude polysaccharide extracts." Food Research 5, no. 3 (June 27, 2021): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.5(3).657.

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This study aimed to evaluate the functional and prebiotic properties of the edible portions of certain tropical fruits in Thailand, passion fruit and santol. The proximate composition of passion fruit and santol were analysed which total carbohydrate was the major component in both samples. Total dietary fibre of passion fruit and santol was 44.81 and 26.82% (w/w), respectively, with the majority of insoluble dietary fibre. Soluble dietary fibre of both fruits was extracted by hot water and water-extractable polysaccharide was yielded at 16.47% and 25.24% (w/w) for passion fruit and santol, respectively. The functional properties of fruit fibre were informed, with the satisfactory oil holding capacity of santol polysaccharide. The effect of both fruit polysaccharides on proliferation number at 24 hrs was not different from inulin. Prebiotic activity score of fruit polysaccharide was calculated from the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum compared with the growth of the enteric pathogen, Escherichia coli corresponding to -0.25 and -0.23 for passion fruit and 0.10 and -0.01 for santol, respectively. In conclusion, both passion fruit and santol polysaccharide showed a distinct effect on the supportive growth of probiotic bacteria which may be potential candidate ingredient incorporated in probiotic food. From this evidence, the development of fruitbased synbiotics from passion fruit and santol migh be affordable.
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Fan, Li, Cui Yu, Chengquan Fang, Maojun Zhang, Marta Ranieri, Claudine Dubé, and Shahrokh Khanizadeh. "The effect of three production systems on the postharvest quality and phytochemical composition of Orléans strawberry." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 91, no. 2 (April 2011): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps10147.

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Fan, L., Yu, C., Fang, C., Zhang, M., Ranieri, M., Dubé, C. and Khanizadeh, S. 2011. The effect of three production systems on the postharvest quality and phytochemical composition of Orléans strawberry. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 403–409. The effects of two production systems, plastic mulch (PM) and plastic mulch with row covers (PMRC) versus the commonly used matted-row system (MRS) on postharvest fruit quality, including shelf life, fruit weight loss and juice leakage, fruit glossiness, postharvest disease caused by grey mould (Botrytis cinerea Pers.), and chemical composition of Orléans strawberry were evaluated during 2008 and 2009. Plastic mulch with row covers accelerated fruit maturity by 7 to 10 d and produced larger fruits compared with the MRS. Production systems significantly changed the total phenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidant content (TAC), but the effect varied during the harvest season. Total phenolic content was significantly higher for PMRC than MRS and PM at early harvest, but the effect was similar to PM at mid and late harvest. Total antioxidant content was significantly higher for PMRC compared with MRS and PM at all stages of fruit production, especially at late harvest. Fruit weight loss and juice leakage and the presence of grey mould during storage were lower and fruit glossiness was higher for those harvested under PMRC compared with those from MRS. No significant differences were observed for firmness, pH, titratable acidity (TA) and soluble solids content (SSC) between the three production systems. Titratable acidity and SSC of PMRC were slightly higher than those from MRS and PM, but the differences were not significant. It seems that PMRC not only accelerates ripening, but also has a significant effect on pre- and postharvest fruit quality and chemical composition of the harvested fruits.
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Oliveira, J. M., P. Oliveira, R. L. Baumes, and M. O. Maia. "Volatile and Glycosidically Bound Composition of Loureiro and Alvarinho Wines." Food Science and Technology International 14, no. 4 (August 2008): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013208097442.

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Composition of Loureiro and Alvarinho wines from the Vinhos Verdes region, regarding free volatile compounds as well as glycosidically bound aroma precursors, was exhaustively determined by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry after adsorption on XAD-2 resin. On the whole, were identified and quantified 120 volatile compounds in the free fraction and 77 glycosidically bound compounds, belonging to C6-compounds, alcohols, fatty acids ethyl esters, esters of organic acids, acetates, monoterpenic alcohols, monoterpenic oxides and diols, C13-norisoprenoids, volatile phenols, volatile fatty acids, and carbonyl compounds. Globally, the wines of the two cultivars present similar composition on volatiles. However, regarding varietal compounds, Loureiro wines were richer than Alvarinho ones with respect to C6-compounds and monoterpenic compounds, occurring the opposite for volatile phenols. It was also demonstrated that wines of both varieties might benefit the aroma reserve, present as glycoconjugates, as it is susceptible of being technologically explored. Linalool, Ho-trienol, (α-terpineol, contributing with fruity and floral notes, and (β-damascenone mostly for Alvarinho, confering tropical fruit notes, are the varietal compounds which may particularly influence the aroma of these wines. Respecting fermentative compounds, Alvarinho is also particularly rich in fatty acids ethyl esters related to lipid metabolism and acetates of fusel alcohols, which can provide it a fruity character; Loureiro contains higher levels of esters of organic acids and 2-phenylethanol, conferring fruity and floral notes. Sensory analysis agreed with chemical analyses showing a pronounced tree and tropical fruit character for Alvarinho wines while Loureiro wines present more intense citrus fruit notes.
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Volpi, M. P. C., R. G. Bastos, A. P. R. Badan, M. H. A. Santana, and V. S. Santos. "Characterization of lignocellulosic composition and residual lipids in empty fruit bunches from palm oil processing." Grasas y Aceites 70, no. 3 (April 30, 2019): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.0818182.

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Empty fruit bunches (EFBs) are an agro-industrial residue discarded in the environment when the fresh palm fruits are removed for oil extraction. EFBs are abundant in palm-oil-producing countries and cause environmental problems. Besides their content in lignocellulosic, EFBs also contain amounts of residual lipids from the separation process. Because the palm fruit has two main types of oil from the pulp (palm oil) or the seeds (kernal oil), the residual EFBs lipids may have different compositions. Thus, this work aimed at characterizing the lignocellulosic content and the residual lipids in two EFBs from different palm oil producers. The EFBs were classified as Type 1 and Type 2 according to their source. The results showed that Type 1 EFBs had higher lignocellulosic and fatty acid compositions, similar to palm and kernel oils, while Type 2 EFBs had lower lignocellulosic content and fatty acid composition, similar to palm oil.
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Nevo, Omer, Diary Razafimandimby, Juan Antonio James Jeffrey, Stefan Schulz, and Manfred Ayasse. "Fruit scent as an evolved signal to primate seed dispersal." Science Advances 4, no. 10 (October 2018): eaat4871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat4871.

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The tremendous diversity of floral and fruit traits is, to a large extent, a set of adaptations that promote plant reproduction through animal pollinators and seed dispersers. Yet, it is still unknown whether fruit scent is a by-product of fruit maturation or an evolved communication channel with animal mutualists. We show that in species that specialize on seed dispersal by lemurs—an olfactorily oriented primate—fruits increase scent production and change their chemical composition significantly more than sympatric species whose seeds are largely dispersed by birds. We further show that lemurs use these shifts in fruit scent to identify ripe fruits. These results show that fruit scent is an evolved communication system that facilitates animal-plant mutualism.
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Chizzola, Remigius. "Composition of the Essential Oil of Chaerophyllum aromaticum (Apiaceae) Growing Wild in Austria." Natural Product Communications 4, no. 9 (September 2009): 1934578X0900400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0900400916.

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The composition of the essential oil from the leaves and fruits of Chaerophyllum aromaticum L. collected in two consecutive years has been studied. The leaf oil was domintaed by γ-terpinene, followed by p-cymenene and p-cymene, as well as germacrene D. The fruit oil had γ-terpinene and β-phellandrene as main compounds, and β-pinene, α-pinene and 2,6-dimethyl-1,3,5,7-octatetraene as further major constituents. The relative amounts of the individual compounds varied with the sampling year. Additionally, leaf and fruit samples have been analyzed by spME. In these volatile fractions γ-terpinene and germacrene D dominated in the leaves and germacrene D, β-phellandrene and γ-terpinene in the fruits.
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Carballeda-Sangiao, Noelia, Susana Chamorro, and Sonia de Pascual-Teresa. "A Red-Berry Mixture as a Nutraceutical: Detailed Composition and Neuronal Protective Effect." Molecules 26, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 3210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113210.

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Recommendations towards increased consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables are well supported by epidemiological and clinical trials. However, in some specific cases, it is difficult to follow these recommendations and the use of nutraceuticals or, in the present work, a freeze-dried fruits mixture can be recommended in order to afford the optimal consumption of dietary polyphenols naturally present in fruits and vegetables. In this work we have carefully characterized a red-berry mixture in terms of polyphenol composition, encountering mainly anthocyanins, which account for a total of 2.8 mg/g as cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents. Additionally, we have assayed the red-berry blend in a cell model of neurological damage by differentiating the cells and measuring the effect of red-berry polyphenols on cell viability and redox state by flow cytometry. The berry-fruit extract showed an inhibitory effect on differentiated SH-SY5Y ROS formation at a concentration as low as 250 µg/mL (33% inhibition). The results show the potential of this berry-fruit blend for its nutraceutical use in the prevention of the neurodegeneration associated with age or environmental agents.
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Kviklys, Darius, Mindaugas Liaudanskas, Jonas Viškelis, Loreta Buskienė, Juozas Lanauskas, Nobertas Uselis, and Valdimaras Janulis. "Composition and Concentration of Phenolic Compounds of ‘Auksis’ Apple Grown on Various Rootstocks." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 71, no. 3 (June 27, 2017): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/prolas-2017-0025.

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AbstractThe trial was carried out at the Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in 2013-2015. Cv. ‘Auksis’ was tested on 12 rootstocks: B.396, B.9, M.9, M.26, P 22, P 59, P 61, P 62, P 66, P 67, PB.4, and Pure 1. Accumulation of phenolic compounds depended on fruit yield and average fruit weight. On average, significantly lower concentration among rootstocks occurred when apple trees had abundant yield and fruits were smaller. On average chlorogenic acid constituted 50% and total procyanidins 28% of total phenols in ‘Auksis’ fruits. Flavonoid concentration most depended on rootstock and the highest variation was recorded. More than 50% difference occurred between the highest total flavonoid concentration in apples on PB.4 and the lowest on M.9 rootstocks. Low variability of total procyanidin concentration among rootstocks was observed. Differences between the highest and lowest concentration was 15%. Total concentration of phenolic compounds differed among rootstocks by 29-35% depending on the year. Differences in accumulation of phenolic compounds depended on rootstock genotype but not on yield or fruit weight. PB.4 and P 67 rootstocks had the highest, and M.9, P 62 and M.26 had the lowest concentration of total phenol in ‘Auksis’ fruits
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