Journal articles on the topic 'Fruit assessment'
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1
Ahmad Sirfan, A. S., A. H. Hamirudin, and S. Sidek. "Assessment of fruit and vegetable consumption among female university students." Food Research 4, S2 (May 2, 2020): 1451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(5).067.
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The low intake of fruits and vegetables is a global issue. This research aimed to determine the association of fruit and vegetable intake with waist circumference and barriers of intake. A total of 279 female students from the International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, were recruited through convenience sampling and provided with a set of questionnaires to identify their fruits and vegetable intake. The waist circumference of respondents was measured. The majority of students consumed only one serving of fruit and vegetable per day, which is less than the levels recommended by the Malaysian Dietary Guideline. Only 9.0% of students had a fruits intake of two servings/day, while 6.5% had a vegetable intake of three servings/day which meets the recommendation. There was no significant association of fruits and vegetable intake with waist circumference among female students. Non-availability and not delicious were identified as major barriers to fruit and vegetable consumption respectively. In conclusion, the fruit and vegetable intake among the majority of female university students is inadequate. Thus, there is a need to increase awareness and develop strategies to promote adequate fruit and vegetable intake among this specific target group.
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Coco, V., V. Grimaldi, A. Campisano, L. Strano, and A. Catara. "Assessment of orange fruit colonization by biocontrol yeasts." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (December 31, 2017): 638–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10578-pps.
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A scanning electron microscope study of citrus fruits was performed to assess the colonization process of antagonistic yeasts to green mould of Tarocco oranges under artificial inoculation. Yeast suspensions of Debaryomyces hansenii DBVPG 4025, Pichia guilliermondii NRRL Y 18134, P. anomala J121 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae P1.6 with or without addition of 1% CaCl<sub>2</sub> + 0.1% Tween 80 were evaluated. Penicillium digitatum was sprayed one hour later. Observation of fruit surface waxes revealed marked morphological diversity. Yeast cells and conidia were mostly localized on epicuticular waxes, particularly in naturally occurring small pits. The size of the wound affected the number of yeasts and conidia penetrating inside. Treatment with CaCl<sub>2</sub> did not affect the waxes and/or the behaviour of the yeasts and pathogen.
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Sumit Patil, Santosh Kumari. "Assessment of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Tomato." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (December 10, 2021): 322–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1012.038.
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Tomato is an important plant grown in tropics as a perennial plant and in other areas mostly as annual plant. Tomato plant grows upto an height of 9 feet. The flowers are small, yellow and have five lobes on corolla. The fruit colour is green when unripe and red when it is fully ripe. Fruit is low in calorie and rich in vitamins and minerals. Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance were assessed in thirty five genotypes of tomato at Departmental Research Farm of Vegetable Science, UHF, Solan, HP during kharif season, 2016. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among genotypes for all the characters under study. The PCV (Phenotypic coefficient of variation) and GCV (Genotypic coefficient of variation) were higher for fruits per cluster (49.66 % and 49.50 %), fruits per plant (46.28 % and 46.11 %), yield per plant (38.13 % and 38.04 %) and average fruit weight (30.39 % and 30.29 %). High GCV and PCV provide the possibility of improving and fixing the characters through selection breeding. High heritability along with high estimates of genetic gain were observed for number of fruits per cluster (99.33 % and 101.63 %), number of fruits per plant (99.28 % and 94.66 %), fruit yield per plant (99.52 % and 78.18 %) and average fruit weight (99.35% and 62.19 %). High heritability and genetic gain suggest the possibility of improvement of traits by means of selection due to existence of additive gene effect. Selection for these above characters will be fruitful in improving fruit yield in tomato.
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THOMPSON, FRANCES E., AMY F. SUBAR, ALBERT F. SMITH, DOUGLAS MIDTHUNE, KATHY L. RADIMER, Lisa L. Kahle, and VICTOR KIPNIS. "Fruit and Vegetable Assessment." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 102, no. 12 (December 2002): 1764–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(02)90379-2.
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Michelle Souza Vilela, José Ricardo Peixoto, Samara Dias Rocha Ramos, Rosa Maria de Deus de Sousa, Assussena Pereira de Oliveira, Marcelo de Abreu Flores Toscano, and Antônio Alves de Oliveira Junior. "Agronomic assessment of 32 sour passionfruit genotypes in federal district." Bioscience Journal 38 (February 16, 2022): e38004. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-54231.
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The production of passion fruit is important in Brazil. In order to contribute to the development of the most promising cultivars of passion fruit, this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of 32 genotypes of passion fruit in Federal District of Brazil, and to estimate genetic parameters for use in breeding programs. Thirty-two genotypes were used in a randomized block design, with eight plants per plot and four replications. The experiment was conducted in field. Twenty-eight harvests were performed, and the variables analyzed were: productivity estimated, total number of fruits per hectare, average fruit weight and these characteristics following classification of fruits in five categories. The genotypes that presented the highest total yield estimated were MAR20 # 23, AR 01 and PLANTA 7. For industrial purposes, genotypes MAR 20 # 21 and BRS Gigante Amarelo were superior. For fresh consumption, the genotypes with the best performance were PLANT 7, AR 01 and MSC. Total productivity estimated and total number of fruits per hectare in the first-class classification showed high values of heritability and CVg/CVe ratio. These results indicate a favorable condition for selection.
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Bogdanov, R. Ye. "Assessment of commodity and consumer qualities of fruits of promising apricot forms." Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia 67 (December 21, 2021): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/2073-4948-2021-67-60-98.
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The purpose of researches was the assessment of commodity and consumer qualities for fruit of promising apricot forms which have been bred in the Michurin Federal Scientific Center. 8 apricot genotypes breeding in this institution were studied. The regionalized variety U’lyanikhinsky with its high level of commercial consumer qualities of fruit was used as a control. Fruit skin strength was assessed at the stage of consumer maturity using an FT30 penetrometer with a plunger diameter of 8 mm. Weighing was carried out on an AND EJ-6100 laboratory balance. The content of soluble solids was determined with an MT-032ATS field refractometer. Statistical data processing was carried out using computer programs Microsoft Excel 2007, Statistics. The largest fruit size was marked in Cezar variety. Average and maximum weights were 42.3 and 59.1 g, respectively. The least stone-to-fruit weight ratio (6.6 %) was found in Viking variety. The sample varieties Cezar, elite forms №1 and 3-5-7 are considered to be as freestone apricots. Elite form No. was characterized by an excellent taste of fruit. The fruits of the control variety «U’lyanikhinsky» and elite forms №1, 1-1-24 were distinguished by a strong juiciness of the pulp. The extremely rich fruit texture was observed in control variety U’lyanikhinsky and in Cezar variety, elite form № 3-5-7. The fruit of varieties Cezar, Viking and elite form No. 1 had the firmest fruit peel. The aforementioned apricots combined the attractiveness of fruits, their one — dimensional ground color with bright over color. Under the circumstances of the Central chernozem region the varieties Cezar, U’lyanikhinsky, Viking and elite form No. 1 pay attention to their high commodity and consumer qualities of fruit.
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Kaur, Harpreet, Rainer Künnemeyer, and Andrew McGlone. "Comparison of hand-held near infrared spectrophotometers for fruit dry matter assessment." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 25, no. 4 (August 2017): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967033517725530.
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Comparisons are reported for developing predictive models for dry matter across a wide variety of fruits with near infrared spectroscopy instrumentation, using a number of commercially available hand-held portable instruments (NIRVANA by Integrated Spectronics, F-750 by Felix Instruments, H-100C by Sunforest and SCiO by Consumer Physics) and an in-house laboratory based instrument (Benchtop). Three intrinsic (same fruit type) and combined (all fruit types) data sets were created from two separate batches of fruit populations. The first batch (Lot I) consisted of 205 ripe fruits from three different main fruit types (apples, kiwifruit and summerfruit) and 12 distinct fruit sub-categories. The second batch (Lot II) consisted of 91 ripe fruits from two different fruit types (apples and kiwifruit) and seven distinct fruit sub-categories. The laboratory based Benchtop instrument performed the best overall with typically higher prediction r2 values (>0.92). The hand-held instruments delivered moderate to high r2 values between 0.8 and 0.95. Results obtained with the intrinsic data sets revealed typically lower root mean square errors of prediction for apples and kiwifruit (0.32% to 0.73%) and larger prediction errors for summerfruit (0.53% to 0.82%). Some large performance variations between instruments of the same type were observed suggesting caution in evaluating the relative performance of different instrument types or formats on the basis of data generated with just a single instrument and/or data set. However, performance differences between the different hand-held portable instruments, on the same data sets, were often not statistically significant ( p < 0.05). Instrument choice for any particular application will likely come down to matters not considered here, such as, for example, ease and accuracy during in-field operation and overall reliability.
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Murphy, Mary M., Leila M. Barraj, Judith H. Spungen, Dena R. Herman, and R. Keith Randolph. "Global assessment of select phytonutrient intakes by level of fruit and vegetable consumption." British Journal of Nutrition 112, no. 6 (August 11, 2014): 1004–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514001937.
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Despite dietary recommendations that have repeatedly underscored the importance of increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables, intakes worldwide are lower than recommended levels. Consequently, the diets of many individuals may be lacking in nutrients and phytonutrients typical of a diet rich in a variety of fruits and vegetables. In the present study, we estimated phytonutrient intakes by adults categorised by sex, level of fruit and vegetable consumption ( < 5v.≥ 5 servings/d), and geographic diet cluster. Intakes of nine select phytonutrients were estimated from the 2002–4 World Health Survey fruit and vegetable servings intake data (n198 637), the FAO supply utilisation accounts data, and phytonutrient concentration data obtained from the US Department of Agriculture databases and the published literature. Percentage contributions to each phytonutrient intake from fruit and vegetable sources were also estimated. Estimated intakes of phytonutrients from fruits and vegetables varied across the thirteen geographic diet clusters, reflecting regional differences in both numbers and proportions of fruit and vegetable servings consumed, and the specific types of fruits and vegetables available in the diet. The mean phytonutrient intakes by adults consuming ≥ 5 servings/d of fruits and vegetables were approximately 2- to 6-fold the mean phytonutrient intakes by adults with low fruit and vegetable consumption ( < 5 servings/d). In some cases, phytonutrient intakes by adults consuming ≥ 5 servings/d of fruits and vegetables in one geographic diet cluster were lower than the intakes by adults reporting < 5 servings/d in another cluster. The findings from this assessment provide important information regarding the major dietary patterns of phytonutrient intakes across geographic diet clusters.
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Andronova, N. V., and T. A. Tumaeva. "Plant variety assessment of garden strawberry based on fruit strength." Horticulture and viticulture, no. 2 (May 18, 2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2021-2-5-12.
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This article investigates the possibility of obtaining genotypes of garden strawberry with enhanced fruit strength. The creation of species and varieties with the specified feature is expected to improve the quality, transportability and storability of berries. Experiments were performed in 2015–2020 at the collection and breeding plots of the Kokinsky testing station of the Federal Horticultural Research Centre for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery. 29 species of the domestic and foreign selection, 7 choice species, as well as the hybrid seedlings of 22 crossing combinations and 3 open pollination populations of garden strawberries, were investigated. The aim was to identify sources of increased trength and perspective crossing combinations, affording the highest yield of seedlings with firm fruits. The examination of the fruit strength was performed at the stage of optimal maturity. Berries crushing force was determined using a VR-04MS-2-BR balance by applying pressure to the fruits until the first drop of juice appears. The measurement results were converted into international units, i.e., Newtons (1 kg = 9.8 N). The phenotypic evaluation of varieties and species of garden strawberries based on the fruit strength revealed genotypes with the firmest fruits — Kleri, Darselect, Tenira, Selekta, Polka, Tzaritza, Aquarelle, Irma and the 3-366-9 selection. These varieties yield the fruits, which endure the crashing force of over 10 N. In the hybrid progeny, the fruit strength varied within a wide range, and its significant change within the crossing combinations and populations of open pollination was revealed. The Darselect, Cleri, Irma, Tzaritza varieties are the most valuable seed parents in the transmission of the high strength character. Within the research period, the best crossing combination yielding seedlings with fi m fruits were Alfa×Darselect, Festival Romashka×Darselect, Irma×Lyubava, 3-366-9×Kleri, Nashe Podmoskovye×Irma, Festival Romashka×Kleri and open pollination population of the Kleri, Darselect, Tzariza varieties. 42.2 to 60.3 % of hybrid seedlings yielded fruits with the crushing force of over 10 N, and an average value for the families amounted to 9.6–11.2 N.
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Azizol Azeli, Nor Aminah, Salmah Mohamed, and Nur Athiqah Md.Yusof. "Assessment of Fruit Fly Infestation on Melon Manis Terengganu (Cucumis melo var. inodorus) at Different Fruit Ripening Stages." Journal Of Agrobiotechnology 13, no. 1S (September 29, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/jab.2022.13.1s.307.
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Cucumis melo var inodorus or known as Melon Manis Terengganu (MMT) is a new variety of rockmelon and has been developed and grown exclusively in Terengganu since 2015. However, pest infestations such as fruit flies have reduced melon production yields, and research on fruit flies is still poorly studied in this new variety. Therefore, this study was aimed to identify the fruit fly’s species infested MMT as well as to determine the infestation rate of fruit flies on MMT at different ripening stages. The infested MMT fruits were randomly collected for three consecutive weeks prior to harvest and each week was represented as unripe stage (Week 1), ripe stage (Week 2) and fully-ripe stage (Week 3). Each week, 10 fruit samples were brought to the laboratory and weighed individually before being placed in plastic containers. The fruits were reared until all larvae transformed into pupae for determination of infestation rates and emergence of adult fruit flies for species identification. A total of 232 of fruit flies adults emerged from 30 MMT fruit samples collected and all the flies were identified as Zeugodacus cucurbitae (previously known as Bactrocera cucurbitae). Unripe stage fruits recorded the highest infestation rate of fruit flies at 28.24 ± 18.58 pupae/kg and followed by ripe stage at 24.47 ± 8.17 pupae/kg. Whilst the fully-ripe stage had the lowest infestation rate of flies at 13.5 ± 5.07 pupae/kg. However, no significant difference (P>0.05) of infestation rate was recorded among the different fruit stages. This study contributes new information on the fruit fly’s species that attack MMT and its infestation rate. Hence, these findings are expected to help better management of MMT fruit flies in the future.
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Vásquez Gamboa, Giomara, Sanín Ortiz Grisales, Franco Alirio Vallejo Cabrera, and Fredy Antonio Salazar Villarreal. "Morpho-agronomic assessment of introductions of butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) from Central America." Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía 70, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 8057–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rfna.v70n1.61764.
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A Central American collection of butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) was characterized based on a series of morpho-agronomic descriptors and its variability assessed. Floral asynchrony ranging from 10 to 15 days was observed between staminate and pistillate flowers. Differences were also observed among introductions for all quantitative characteristics evaluated (P<0.01). An interaction between introduction and planting cycle (P<0.05) was observed for 50% of the evaluated variables: fruit weight, polar diameter of fruit, wall thickness of fruit, fruit color, days to harvest, and total fruit seed weight. Cluster analysis revealed that groups 3 and 5 gathered introductions presenting high yields and larger, heavier fruits. Group 4 gathered introductions with intermediate yields, high seed production, and thick fruit walls. In all cases, genetic improvement aiming to increase the production of fruit for fresh consumption or agro-industrial purposes as well as the production of oilseed should use introductions from groups 3 and 5 in well-planned crossings with introductions from group 4.
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Hwang, Hyesung, Young-Jun Kim, and Youngjae Shin. "Assessment of Physicochemical Quality, Antioxidant Content and Activity, and Inhibition of Cholinesterase between Unripe and Ripe Blueberry Fruit." Foods 9, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9060690.
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Five Korean blueberries (’’Nelson’’, ’’Duke ’’, ’’Bluejay ’’, ’’Toro’’, and ’’Elliot ’’) were harvested at two maturity stages (unripe and ripe) to evaluate fruit quality and antioxidant activities. The Hunter L, a, and b color of ripe blueberries was lower than that of unripe fruit. Soluble solid concentration (SSC) and pH increased, and titratable acidity (TA) and firmness decreased as the blueberries matured. The ripe blueberry fruits showed a higher SSC/TA ratio than the unripe fruits. Although total anthocyanin, flavonoids, phenolics content, and antioxidant activity were higher in ripe blueberries than in unripe fruit, the unripe fruit had higher acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition activities than ripe fruit in all cultivars. Total antioxidant activity was highly correlated with total flavonoids and phenolics. The relationships between the total antioxidant activity and the AChE or BChE inhibitory activity are negative. There were several physicochemical quality and antioxidant activity differences in blueberries, depending on the cultivar and the maturity at harvest. Unripe fruits also contain potential health-promoting bioactive compounds as functional food ingredients.
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Azam, Mostafa M., AbdelGawad Saad, and Baher M. A. Amer. "Assessment of the Quality Losses of Cantaloupe Fruit during Transportation." Processes 10, no. 6 (June 14, 2022): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10061187.
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Fruit quality is a crucial factor in affecting shelf-life and purchase choice for customers. Protecting the quality of cantaloupe fruits in the chain from harvest to marketing is a very important process. The objective of this study was to investigate the dynamic characteristics of cantaloupe fruit during excitation, to investigate the effect of vibration strength on the mechanical characteristics of cantaloupe fruit, and to show the effects of this strength on the mechanical damage of cantaloupe. Experiments were performed to measure the dynamic behavior of cantaloupe fruit during transportation and to evaluate the dynamic behavior of the packaging and the damage to the cantaloupes due to transient vibration during transportation. The results show that using the paper pulp tray packing method reduces cantaloupe damage and improves their quality during harvest and post-harvest processes. The range of resonance frequencies is important for the transporting of cantaloupes; a higher starting resonance is an indication of a stiffer cantaloupe bottom, and the paper pulp tray shifts the resonance frequency when compared to volume packing methods. Another interesting observation in this study is that a fruit with a high internal damping capacity is not as injured by exciting vibrations as a fruit with a low damping capacity, even if its natural frequency falls within the range of excitation.
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Korobeynikova, O. V., E. V. Sokolova, T. E. Ivanova, L. A. Nesmelova, and T. N. Tutova. "Comparative assessment of pumpkin varieties in the Udmurt Republic." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 1 (February 16, 2023): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2023-1-75-79.
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Relevance. Pumpkin is a food, medicinal and fodder crop of the Cucurbitaceae family. It is valued for its high content of vitamins, minerals, organic acids. At present, thanks to the huge variety of species and modern selection, it is possible to select pumpkin varieties for cultivation in almost any region, including areas with short and not too hot summers. Udmurtia belongs to the zone of risky farming, the end of spring frosts is observed on average in the first ten days of June, and autumn frosts on the soil are possible at the end of August. Due to the short frost-free period, it is necessary to choose earlier maturing varieties, grow the crop through seedlings and use temporary shelters. The pumpkin fruit is usually large in size, is a thick layer of pulp, covered with a dense peel. When cutting such a fruit, the pumpkin is not stored in the future, it requires urgent processing. In this connection, in recent years, portioned varieties of pumpkin, the size of the fruit of which does not exceed 1.5–3.0 kg, have become increasingly in demand.Materials and Methods. The purpose of the research: a comparative assessment of varietal characteristics of growth and productivity of pumpkin species. In 2020–2021 in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic, experiments were carried out to study the characteristics of growth and productivity of pumpkin varieties. We studied varieties of pumpkin: Pearl, Crumb, Honey Tale, Marble, Rossiyanka, Smile, Candied fruit.Results and its discussion. Within two years, pumpkin varieties of large-fruited and nutmeg were studied. On average, for two years, the pumpkin Medovaya skazka distinguished itself with the highest yield. In 2021, the yield for the Medovaya Skazka variety was 64.7 t/ha. The yield increase was obtained due to an increase in fruit weight, which in 2020 amounted to 2.9 kg, in 2021 - 6.5 kg. The studied varieties of pumpkin differed in quality indicators of fruits. On average, over two years, the varieties Rossiyanka and Mramornaya showed an increase in the content of water-soluble sugars in fruits. The fruits of the pumpkin Candied fruit and Kroshka were distinguished by a high content of dry matter.
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Ortiz, Coral, Antonio Torregrosa, and Sergio Castro-García. "Citrus Fruit Movement Assessment Related to Fruit Damage during Harvesting with an Experimental Low-Frequency–High-Amplitude Device." Agronomy 12, no. 6 (May 31, 2022): 1337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12061337.
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The profitability of fresh citrus crops outlines the possibility of using mechanical systems to reduce the high cost of the manual harvesting operation. In this line, an experimental light shaker with low frequency and high amplitude and a hydraulic arm was developed. This device had been successfully used for harvesting ornamental citrus trees. In previous studies, it was proven that the removal percentage was adequate, but the percentage of slightly damaged fruit increased compared to a traditional fruit trunk shaker. Visualizing the fruit movements in high-speed video recording images during harvesting, a higher impact level was observed due to the higher amplitude. The aim of this study was to analyze the fruit movement during the vibration with the experimental shaker compared to the movement when vibrating with an orchard tractor mounted trunk shaker related to the increase of slightly damaged fruit when using the experimental shaker. Fruit movement parameters (fruit distance, fruit displacement, speed and acceleration) when using the two harvesting systems (experimental shaker and trunk shaker) were compared analyzing the high-speed video recordings. Results showed that the higher vibration amplitude produced a maximum distance experienced by the fruits (maximum displacement of 0.135 m with the experimental shaker compared to 0.078 m with the trunk shaker) that could cause a higher damage level (74% of slightly damaged fruits using the experiemntal shaker compared to 14% using the trunk shaker).
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Kumar, Vikash, Sanjay Sahay, Vishal Nirgude, Amrita Kumari, Ravi S. Singh, Hidayatullah Mir, Shiv S. Mahesh, and Vinod Kumar. "Assessment of genetic variability among different genotypes of Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) in India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 1735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i3.1430.
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The field experiment was carried out at the research farm of Horticulture Garden, Bihar Agricultural College, Sabour, Bhagalpur during 2014-15 for assessment of genetic variability among different genotypes of cape gooseberry in India. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications having twelve genotypes. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the traits studies which suggesting sufficient variability for yield and quality parameters. The overall values of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were higher than those of genetic coefficient of variation (GCV). Higher magnitude of GCV and PCV were recorded for fruit per plant percent (33.30 and 36.61) followed by fruit diameter, fruit weight and flowers per branch. The maximum GCV (33.30) and PCV (36.61) were recorded in fruits/plant respectively. The high values of GCV are the indication of excess variability among the genotypes and thus the scope for crop improvement depends on the selection of superior parents for crossing to get better parents for hybridization. In present study, the magnitude of heritability ranged from 37% to 98% indicating that these traits are controlled by additive gene action which is very useful in selection. The traits like plant girth, plant height, inter nodal length, appearance of 50% of flowering, bud break to full bloom, number of flowers per branch, number of fruits set per branch, duration of fruit set to maturity, fruit weight, fruit diameter and number of fruits per plant with high GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as percentage of mean, indicating that these characters are under additive gene effects and more reliable for effective selection.
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Arruda, Rafael, Domingos J. Rodrigues, and Thiago J. Izzo. "Rapid assessment of fruit-color selection by birds using artificial fruits at local scale in Central Amazonia." Acta Amazonica 38, no. 2 (2008): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0044-59672008000200011.
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Modeling clays have been used in several ecological experiments and have proved to be an important tool to variables control. The objective of our study was to determine if fruit color in isolated and grouped displays influences the fruit selection by birds in the field using artificial fruits. Data were collected in six plots distributed homogeneously in 3 km long trails with a minimum distance of 0.5 km. We used a paired experimental design to establish our experiments, so that all treatments were available to the local bird community in each plot. Overall, red was more pecked than brown and white. Isolated red and brown displays were significantly more pecked than others display. Even though our study was conducted in small spatial scales, artificial fruits appeared to be efficient in register fruit consumption attempts by bird. Although inconclusive about selective forces that sharp the dynamics of fruit color polymorphisms and choice by frugivorous birds, our findings corroborate recent studies wherein birds showed preferences by high- over low-contrast fruit signals.
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Manzoor, Muhammad Faisal, Abid Hussain, Diana Tazeddinova, Aizhan Abylgazinova, and Bin Xu. "Assessing the Nutritional-Value-Based Therapeutic Potentials and Non-Destructive Approaches for Mulberry Fruit Assessment: An Overview." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (March 24, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6531483.
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Among different fruits, mulberry is the most highlighted natural gift in its superior nutritional and bioactive composition, indispensable for continuing a healthy life. It also acts as a hepatoprotective immunostimulator and improves vision, anti-microbial, anti-cancer agent, anti-stress activity, atherosclerosis, neuroprotective functions, and anti-obesity action. The mulberry fruits also help reduce neurological disorders and mental illness. The main reason for that is the therapeutic potentials present in the nutritional components of the mulberry fruit. The available methods for assessing mulberry fruits are mainly chromatographic based, which are destructive and possess many limitations. However, recently some non-invasive techniques, including chlorophyll fluorescence, image processing, and hyperspectral imaging, were employed to detect various mulberry fruit attributes. The present review attempts to collect and explore available information regarding the nutritional and medicinal importance of mulberry fruit. Besides, non-destructive methods established for the fruit are also elaborated. This work helps encourage many more research works to dug out more hidden information about the essential nutrition of mulberry that can be helpful to resolve many mental-illness-related issues.
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YARMOLICH, S. A., and Z. A. KOZLOVSKAYA. "THE ASSESSMENT RESULTS OF WALNUT HYBRIDS’ FRUITS QUALITY OF DOMESTIC SELECTION." Fruit-Growing 33 (August 16, 2021): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/0134-9759-2021-33-154-158.
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The study presents the Belarusian walnuts population assessment results based on the quality of the fruit. It was
determined that all the studied hybrids, including the Samokhvalovichsky-2 domestic standard, belong to the group of large-fruited,
with a fruit weight from 12.6 to 52.2 gm. In comparison with the standard hybrids present the highest percentage
of kernel output 10-5 (45.9 %), P-Kh-1 (40.1 %) and C-2y (42.8 %).
Walnut fruits tasting assessment and morphological analysis of the studied hybrids made it possible to identify two
samples – 10-5 and C-2y – with economically valuable features (fruit weight, kernel output, kernel retrievability and taste),
which are recommended for plant breeding new varieties.
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Olszewska, Dorota, Iwona Jędrzejczyk, and Paweł Nowaczyk. "Biometrical Assessment of Interspecific Hybrids of Capsicum Genus." Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin 75, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10032-011-0015-5.
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Biometrical Assessment of Interspecific Hybrids ofCapsicumGenusThe F1hybrids obtained as the result of interspecific crosses:C. annuumxC. frutescens, C. frutescensxC. annuum, C. frutescensxC. chinenseandC. chinensexC. frutescenswere analysed biometrically. The plants were cultured in unheated foil tent. Yield and the number of fruit from plant were qualified. For ten plants of each of the hybrids detailed fruit analysis were performed. The tested traits were: weight of fruit, length, width, technological weight and weight of pericarp, pericarp thickness, the weight of placenta without seeds, the weight of dry seeds and the dry matter content. The analysis of variance was conducted on the obtained results. The tested hybrids were characterised by the large differentiation of the estimated characters. The hybrids obtained from crosses:C. annuumxC. frutescensandC. frutescensxC. annuumseem to be the most valuable material for the future pepper breeding work. Fruits of these hybrids combine high weight, typical for cultivated forms ofC. annuumwith increased dry matter content characteristic forC. frutescens. These materials will be used as the parental forms of homozygous lines which possess traits valuable in genetic improvement of pepper.
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Cui, Mingming, Yue Yang, Zhihui Cheng, and Huanwen Meng. "Dynamic Changes of Fruit Shape Traits and Its Correlation to the Morphology of Other Organs in Cucumber." Agronomy 10, no. 8 (July 31, 2020): 1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081111.
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Fruit shape and size are important assessment parameters to evaluate and classify accessions in cucumber breeding. Clarifying the relations of the shape and size of commodity fruits or mature fruits to that of other organs, like seed, leaf, flower and so on, is significant for multitype breeding of cucumber fruit. It can help breeders to predict the shape and size of a cucumber fruit in the early selection and shorten the breeding cycle. In this study, the dynamic morphological observation of fruit length (FL), fruit diameter (FD) and the fruit shape index (FSI) of developing cucumber fruits in different types and the correlation of fruit shape indexes between fruit and other organs were investigated. The results showed that 28 cucumber accessions with different shape and size were classified into four types, namely long fruits, medium long fruits, medium fruits and short fruits. The comparative analysis of FL and FD among different types and different development stages of cucumber fruits showed that the development of FL and FD were both consistent with the model “S” curve, slow–fast–slow, and there existed strong positive correlation between their growth. During fruit development, the shape index was highly positively correlated among ovary, commodity fruit and mature fruit. Besides, both the length and width of cotyledon, true leaf and female flower petal were positively correlated to the FL of commodity fruit. The length and width of seed, length of ovary carpopodium and pedicel length were also positively correlated to the FD of commodity fruit. For seed, cotyledon and true leaf, no correlation was found between their shape index and their FSI.
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Gulyaeva, A. A., T. N. Berlova, E. V. Bezlepkina, A. A. Galkova, and I. N. Efremov. "Commodity and consumer qualities of fruits of plum cultivars from the RRIFCB (VNIISPK) gene pool." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 6 (December 26, 2020): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2020-6-85-88.
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Relevance. One of the most important directions in the breeding and variety study of fruits, in particular domestic plum European, is the breeding of cultivars with high commercial and consumer qualities of fruits. In this regard, the assessment of some commercial and consumer qualities of fruits in plum cultivars of the RRIFCB gene pool was of great practical and scientific interest. Material and methods. As objects of research, we used 8 plum cultivars of the RRIFCB gene pool and a control cultivar of the RRIFCB breeding Bolkhovchanka. The studies were carried out on the basis of the laboratory of breeding and variety study of stone fruit crops of RRIFCB in 2015-2019. Determination of color, shape, average weight, taste, size of fruit, size and shape of the stone, density of pulp, separation and length of the stalk, color of the juice were carried out in accordance with the "Program and methodology for the variety study of stone fruit crops" and "Pomology". Results. Most of the studied plum cultivars from the gene pool of the Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crops Breeding have valuable commercial and consumer qualities of fruits, which will allow them to be used in further breeding for this trait. Cultivars Californiyskaya krupnaya, Zarechnaya rannyaya, Volgogradskaya can be recommended for further use in breeding as sources of high fruit mass. Cultivars Californiyskaya krupnaya and Bolkhovchanka can be recommended for further use in breeding as sources of high pulp content in fruits and fruit sizes. On the basis of the tasting assessment of the fresh fruits, the fruits of the cultivar Volgogradskaya stood out positively.
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Vidak, Monika, Boris Lazarević, Marko Petek, Jerko Gunjača, Zlatko Šatović, Ivica Budor, and Klaudija Carović-Stanko. "Multispectral Assessment of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Fruit Quality Affected by Calcite Nanoparticles." Biomolecules 11, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11060832.
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Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world because of the nutritional value of its fruits and its economic importance. Calcium (Ca) improves the quality of sweet pepper fruits, and the application of calcite nanoparticles in agricultural practice has a positive effect on the morphological, physiological, and physicochemical properties of the whole plant. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of commercial calcite nanoparticles on yield, chemical, physical, morphological, and multispectral properties of sweet pepper fruits using a combination of conventional and novel image-based nondestructive methods of fruit quality analysis. In the field trial, two sweet pepper cultivars, i.e., Šorokšari and Kurtovska kapija, were treated with commercial calcite nanoparticles (at a concentration of 3% and 5%, calcite-based foliar fertilizer (positive control), and water (negative control) three times during vegetation). Sweet pepper fruits were harvested at the time of technological and physiological maturity. Significant differences were observed between pepper cultivars as well as between harvests times. In general, application of calcite nanoparticles reduced yield and increased fruit firmness. However, different effects of calcite nanoparticles were observed on almost all properties depending on the cultivar. In Šorokšari, calcite nanoparticles and calcite-based foliar fertilizers significantly increased N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu at technological maturity, as well as P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, and N at physiological maturity. However, in Kurtovska kapija, the treatments increased only Ca at technological maturity and only P at physiological maturity. The effect of treatments on fruit morphological properties was observed only at the second harvest. In Šorokšari, calcite nanoparticles (3% and 5%) increased the fruit length, minimal circle area, and minimal circle radius, and it decreased the fruit width and convex hull compared to the positive and negative controls, respectively. In Kurtovska kapija, calcite nanoparticles increased the fruit width and convex hull compared to the controls. At physiological maturity, lower anthocyanin and chlorophyll indices were found in Kurtovska kapija in both treatments with calcite nanoparticles, while in Šorokšari, the opposite effects were observed.
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N'ZI, Jean-Claude, Lassina FONDIO, Mako Francois De Paul N’GBESSO, Andé Hortense DJIDJI, and Christophe KOUAME. "Bed behavioral assessment of tomato varieties in Cote d Ivoire." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE 5, no. 1 (August 12, 2015): 513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v5i1.4513.
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Thirty accessions of tomato including twenty eight introduced accessions from The World Vegetable Center-AVRDC and as controls, two commercial varieties Mongal and Calinago, were assessed for agronomic performances at the Experimentation and Production Station of Angud dou of the National Agronomic Research Centre (CNRA) located in the South of Cote d Ivoire. The trial was arranged in a randomized block with three replications. The following parameters were determined at vegetative development stage: plant height at flowering stage, susceptibility of accessions to diseases, day to 50% flowering and day of first harvest, production duration, fruit length, fruit diameter, total number of fruits, number of fruits per plant, potential yield, net yield and fruit damage rate. Results showed that the commercial variety Mongal, with a potential yield of 15.9 and a net yield of 13.1 t ha-1, was the most productive. All the introduced accessions from AVRDC recorded the lowest potential yields from 2.2 to 9.7 t ha-1, and net yields from 1.7 to 8.6 t ha-1. In addition, accessions WVCT8, FMTT847 and WVCT13 were severely infested by bacterial wilt. The reduction of the net yield of tomato accessions resulted in the high fruit damage rates. For the future tomato breeding work, it would be appropriate to introduce into the trials bacterial diseases tolerant varieties. Moreover, some studies could be undertaken to determine the nature of the bacteria involved in the plant wilting and to find out the causal agent of the tomato plants burning at the fructification stage reducing the harvest duration.
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Yadav, G., M. Sood, J. D. Bandral, N. Gupta, and S. Sharma. "Assessment of nutritional and microbial quality of Jamun-Bael blended fruit cheese during storage." Journal of Environmental Biology 43, no. 2 (March 11, 2022): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/43/2/mrn-1881.
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Aim: To standardize appropriate blends of jamun and bael for developing fruit cheese and its nutritional and microbial analysis during 90 days of storage. Methodology: Fruit cheese was prepared by blending jamun and bael fruit in different ratios of pulp in each treatment. The blended product was monitored regularly for 90 days of storage period at ambient conditions at an interval of 30 days. The data obtained was analysed statistically using Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) at 5 % level of significance. Results: With the advancement of storage period moisture content, crude protein, ash and crude fat decreased from 16.94 to 15.90 %, 2.15 to1.72%, 0.63 to 0.52 % and 5.98 to 5.54 %, respectively. Available carbohydrates and browning showed increasing trend from 74.30 to 76.35 % and 0.483 to 0.610 (OD), respectively, during storage with highest mean available carbohydrate of 76.25 % in treatment containing 100 % jamun. Interpretation: Jamun and bael fruits can be blended to formulate fruit cheese with improved nutritional quality viz., crude protein, ash and minerals. The microbiological characteristics of prepared fruit cheese were within safe limits. The blended fruit cheese can be stored at room temperature for more than 90 days without much loss in nutritional and eating quality.
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Osekita, Oluwatoyin Sunday. "Assessment Genetic Variability among Three Parents and Six Progenies of Tomato using Multivariate Analysis." International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology 9, no. 10 (October 30, 2022): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47856/ijaast.2022.v09i10.005.
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Six tomato hybrids developed through diallel mating design and the three parents were obtained from the plant breeding section of Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba-Akoko and used to assess the genetic variability among them. The breeding materials were raised in the nursery for three weeks before transplanting. The hybrids and parents were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated three times Seedlings were transplanted at a spacing of 60 x 30 cm between and within row. Variability estimates were highly significant (p< 5%) in all the 10 measured quantitative traits. The average fruit mean yield of 21.42 g was recorded for all the materials evaluated. Phenotypic variances were higher in magnitude than its corresponding genotypic variances apart from pericarp thickness which had the same value of 0.002 and 100% heritability. Factor scores and communality of the 10 traits of tomato obtained from the factor analysis showed that the first factor were positively loaded with eigen vectors for number of branches (0.818), number of fruits per cluster (0.803), plant height (0.776), fruit yield (0.748) and number of clusters per plant (0.731). The second factor was positively loaded with pericarp thickness (0.723) and number of clusters per plant (0.460). Factor three was only positively loaded with fruit weight (0.881). The communality ranged from 0.618 for fruit yield to 0.930 for fruit weight. Conclusively, traits such as fruit yield, pericarp thickness, fruit weight, number of locules per fruit, days to flowering and days to first fruit set are important traits that should be considered in further breeding programme in tomato.
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García-González, Carlos A., and Cristina Silvar. "Phytochemical Assessment of Native Ecuadorian Peppers (Capsicum spp.) and Correlation Analysis to Fruit Phenomics." Plants 9, no. 8 (August 4, 2020): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9080986.
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In this work, the impact of pepper (Capsicum spp.) fruits morphology on their composition for health-promoting compounds was investigated. For that purpose, pepper accessions from Ecuador, one of the hotspots in Capsicum’s origin, were analyzed for ascorbic acid, polyphenols, capsaicinoids, and prevention of cholesterol oxidation. Plant and fruit phenomics were assessed with conventional descriptors and Tomato Analyzer digital traits. Significant differences among accessions and species revealed a large diversity within the collection. The Capsicum frutescens group displayed the highest levels of capsaicinoids, whereas the polyphenols shortly varied among the five domesticated species. Capsicum pubescens exhibited the lowest content of ascorbic acid. The conventional descriptors describing the magnitude of plants and fruits, as well as digital attributes under the categories of size, shape index, and latitudinal section, mostly explained the variance among Capsicum groups. Correlation test revealed that phytochemical components were negatively correlated with the morphometric fruit attributes, suggesting that huge fruits contained lower amounts of nutraceutical compounds. Multivariate analysis showed that parameters related to fruit size, shape, and nutraceutical composition primarily contribute to the arrangement of pepper accessions. Such results suggested that those traits have been subjected to higher selection pressures imposed by humans.
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Krasova, Nina Glebovna, and Anna Mironovna Galasheva. "Volga apple varieties assessment." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 10 (October 23, 2019): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2019i10pp22-26.
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A large apple gene pool has been collected at the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding including apple varieties of national selection, new breeding domestic and foreign varieties and genotypes of various genetic and ecological origins. The study of Volga apple varieties has allowed assessing them in the Orel region. The varieties with the long storage life of high-quality fruit have been identified: Gubernskoye, Kondratievskoye, Paskhalnoye, Pervenetz Rtisheva of the Saratov experimental station of horticulture. The varieties may be used for further breeding when creating high-quality domestic apple varieties with the fruit of long storage life and consumption.
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Kurpaska, Sławomir, Zygmunt Sobol, Norbert Pedryc, Tomasz Hebda, and Piotr Nawara. "Analysis of the Pneumatic System Parameters of the Suction Cup Integrated with the Head for Harvesting Strawberry Fruit." Sensors 20, no. 16 (August 6, 2020): 4389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164389.
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Fruit and vegetable harvest efficiency depends on the mechanization and automation of production. The available literature lacks the results of research on the applicability of pneumatic end effectors among grippers for the robotic harvesting of strawberries. To determine their practical applications, a series of tests was performed. They included the determination of the morphological indicators of the strawberry, fruit suction force, the real stress exerted by fruit suckers and the degree of fruit damage. The fruits’ morphological indicators included the relationships between the weight and geometrical dimensions of the tested fruit, the equivalent diameter, and the sphericity coefficient. The fruit suction force was determined on a stand equipped with a vacuum pump, and control and measurement instruments, as well as a MTS 2 testing machine. The necrosis caused by tissue damage to the fruits by suction cup adhesion was assessed by counting the necrosis surface areas using the LabView programme. The assessment of the necrosis was conducted immediately upon the test’s performance, after 24 and after 72h. The stress values were calculated by referring the values of the suction forces obtained to the surface of the suction cup face. The tests were carried out with three constructions of suction cups and three positions of suction cup faces on the fruits’ surface. The research shows that there is a possibility for using pneumatic suction cups in robotic picking heads. The experiments performed indicate that the types of suction cups constructions, and the zones and directions of the suction cups’ application to the fruit significantly affect the values of the suction forces and stresses affecting the fruit. The surface areas of the necrosis formed depend mainly on the time that elapses between the test and their assessment. The weight of strawberry fruit in the conducted experiment constituted from 13.6% to 23.1% of the average suction force.
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Lal, Narayan, Abhay Kumar, E. S. Marboh, Vishal Nath, and S. D. Pandey. "Assessment of Fruit Drop in Different Cultivars of Litchi." International Journal of Economic Plants 8, no. 4 (November 28, 2021): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/2/2021.0429a.
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Individual panicles produce hundreds of pistillate flowers but only a small proportion of these bear fruit and reach maturity. There are some stages of fruit drop during growth and development caused by different factors. An experimental trial was conducted in National Active Germplasm Site (NAGS) at ICAR-NRC on Litchi, Muzaffarpur, to assess the fruit drop due to different factors during 2014–2015. The result revealed that four factors viz., improper pollination and fertilization, embryo abortion, seed and fruit borer, and normal fruit abscission were associated with fruit drop in litchi and fruit drop varied from 23.53–77.54% with a maximum in Shahi and lowest in Elaichi during the first week of flowering. Fruit drop increased to 92.65–97.86% during the third week of flowering because of improper pollination and fertilization, and it reached a maximum level of 98.51–99.70% at the time of ripening stage with the lowest in Deshi. Embryo abortion was one primary cause of fruit drop during the 4th week whereas infestation of seed and fruit borer was the major factor for fruit drop during the 5–7th week. Such fruit drop can be controlled by managing the infestation of borer. Abscission due to ethylene production and heat stress during the maturity of fruit was yet another cause of fruit drop. This study will help to researcher to find out the time of infestation of seed and fruit borer which causes heavy fruit drop and it can be controlled with pest management option.
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Khan, Nikhat, Ghazala Yaqub, Tahreem Hafeez, and Madiha Tariq. "Assessment of Health Risk due to Pesticide Residues in Fruits, Vegetables, Soil, and Water." Journal of Chemistry 2020 (June 24, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5497952.
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The present study was conducted to assess the contamination and health risk due to the presence of pesticides in fruits and vegetables. A total of six vegetable samples, 3 fruit samples, 7 soil samples, and 6 water samples were collected from three different sampling points. High-performance liquid chromatography using acetonitrile and water solvent system was employed for the quantitative and qualitative analysis. The pesticides having the highest health risk in vegetables were Bifenthrin and Difenoconazole as their health risk index was found to be exceeding the cut off value of 1. Imidacloprid was found in all vegetable samples but had no associated health risk, as all the health risk indices for imidacloprid were below the cut off value of 1. The pesticide Glyphosate detected in only one sample had no health risk associated with it. Health risks in fruits were the highest for Amamectin, Bifenthrin, and Difenoconazole and were crossing the threshold limit of 1. The results reveal the health risk indices of Bifenthrin and Difenoconazole range from 7.8 to 12.46 in vegetables and from 2.704 to 30.454 in fruits, hence, posing a serious threat to human health. Amamectin, although detected in only fruit and water samples, had the highest health risk of 30.454. Imidacloprid and Glyphosate found in every fruit sample had no associated health risk. The results revealed the presence of pesticides in water, soil, fruit, and vegetable samples. Consumers utilizing these vegetables and fruits are under potential health risks due to the presence of pesticides in soil and water. Practical Applications. In this study, an analytical method for detecting pesticides in a variety of environmental matrices including fruits, vegetables, water, and the soil is presented and the health risk associated with the presence of pesticides in a wide range of fruits and vegetables is assessed. It is highly significant because in developing countries agricultural activities contribute majorly toward the total gross domestic product and pesticides are extensively used to control, prevent, devastate, and diminish any harmful pest that destroys crops.
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Kapatos, Ε. Τ., and B. S. Fletcher. "Αn assessment of components of crop loss due to infestation by Dacus oleae, in Corfu." ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 1 (May 25, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eh.13883.
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An assessment of components of crop loss caused by the olive fly, Dacus oleae, was carried out in Corfu during the years 1976-1979. The results indicate that the most important component of crop loss due to D. oleae infestation is the preharvest fruit drop induced, mainly, by the third stage larva. Using three starting dates, which coincided with the main periods of infestation between July and October, estimates were made of the proportions of infested fruits induced to fall prematurely before the start of harvesting in November. The larva of D. oleae consumes only a small proportion of the fruit pulp (on average 4.48 %). The effect of infestation on the acidity of the oil is indirect and it is important only when the fruits remain for over a week on the ground before they are collected. Compensation by the tree for premature fruit drop caused by D. oleae infestation does not appear to be of any significance in assessing crop loss.
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SUBAKAR IVIN, J. JOHNNY. "Assessment of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of biparental progenies in okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]." Annals of Plant and Soil Research 23, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2021.10082.
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In the present investigation, the four cross combinations of Punjab Padmini X Panruti local, Dharmapuri local X Panruti local, Punjab Padmini X Parbanikranthi and Dharmapuri local X Parbanikranthi and three bhendi populations, BIP, F2, and F3, were developed in 2019, and these populations were evaluated in 2020 to determine the extent of genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance for twelve bhendicharacters. Significant variances in BIP compared to the population of F2 and F3 in most characters have been noted that showed high mean and wider variations in PCV and GCV in fruit length, number of fruits per plant and plant yield. High heritability of BIPS was revealed by Punjab Padmini x Parbanikranthi for the traits viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit girth and fruit yield per plant which revealed the importance of additive gene action for these traits. This is indicative of both additive and non-additive gene action (dominance and epistasis). Hence, selection could not be practiced in the immediate segregating generations. These two characters also showed unfavourable association with fruit yield per plant in BIPs which indicated that all the unfavourable linkages were not broken down through intermating in the early segregating generation. Thus, selection should be postponed to later generations after intermating in one or two subsequent to obtain potential recombinants.
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Liberato, José R., Cosme D. Cruz, Joseli S. Tatagiba, and Laércio Zambolim. "Minimum number of assessment times to compare chemical control treatments for papaya fruit anthracnose." Fitopatologia Brasileira 29, no. 6 (December 2004): 659–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-41582004000600011.
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The chemical treatment evaluation in the field to control post-harvest fruit anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) requires a suitable disease incidence assessment on harvested papaya (Carica papaya) fruits. The minimum number of papaya fruit harvests was determined for valid treatment comparison in field trials for anthracnose chemical control. Repeatability analysis was done using previously published data. The coefficient determination (R²) estimate range, using four methods, and based on means of 12 assessment times, was 92.58 < R² < 94.45%. The number of assessment times required for R²=90% varied from seven to nine. The R² values of 85.1 < R² < 91.3% estimated by ANOVA suggested that any seven successive assessment times were sufficient for treatment comparison.
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Zhang, Yao Li, Bin Du, Jing Chen, and Xin Zhong. "Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Judgments in Fruit Production." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 1366–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.1366.
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In the applications of HACCP, hazard analysis (HA) and the determination of critical control points (CCP) are particularly important. For example, in fruit production, using hazard risk assessment to quantify the damage, to determine the significant harm, then using tree key control point evaluation and providing general methods for HACCP critical control points to judge. There are rich fruit tree resources in our country, the fruit trees of economic value has more than 30, including apple, orange, pear, banana, peach, hawthorn, plum, apricot, cherry, grape, litchi, longan, pineapple, mango, persimmon, jujube and kiwi, etc. In recent years, the development of fruit industry is fast in China, the fruit production has increased to 214.014 million t in 2010 from 161.201 million t in 2005. As people living standard enhancement, the fruits quality and safety are becoming more and more important. Fruits quality and safety have become an important factor that restricts the development of fruit industry in our country.
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Shiddiq, Minarni, Lentina Br Sitohang, Ikhsan Rahman Husein, Sinta Afria Ningsih, Sri Hermonica, and Annisa Fadillah. "HIDUNG ELEKTRONIK BERBASIS SENSOR GAS MOS UNTUK KARAKTERISASI KEMATANGAN BUAH KELAPA SAWIT." Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) 10, no. 2 (June 16, 2021): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v10i2.170-182.
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The ripeness of oil palm fruits is one of the key factors for crude palm oil qualities. Recently, electronic nose systems have been developed intensively for fruit quality assessment which relates odors to ripeness levels. This study developed an electronic nose system to characterize the ripeness levels of oil palm fruits using output voltage of each sensor and fruit hardness. The system consisted of a sensor chamber and a sample chamber. The sensor chamber consisted of eight MOS gas sensor modules of MQ series. Samples were oil palm fruits taken from oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB) which were previously categorized traditionally into unripe, ripe, over ripe, peeled and put into the sample chamber. Some of the fruits were also used for hardness measurement. To quantify the output voltages for each sensor, integrated trapezoid areas were calculated and related to the fruit hardness values. The results showed a significant voltage difference of each sensor for the three ripeness levels. Only four out of eight sensors showed significantly higher voltages. Three sensors which can significantly differentiate the ripeness levels are MQ3, MQ5, and MQ135 which MQ135 is the best. This shows that the electronic nose is potential for oil palm fruits. Keywords: electronic nose, fruit hardness, MOS gas sensor, oil palm fruit, ripeness
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Vallone, Mariangela, Maria Alleri, Filippa Bono, and Pietro Catania. "A New Wireless Device for Real-Time Mechanical Impact Evaluation in a Citrus Packing Line." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 1 (2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13194.
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Abstract. Postharvest handling of fresh fruit is a potential source of bruising and damage, with significant consequences for fruit quality and marketability. In the last 30 years, different types of impact-recording devices (also called electronic fruits or pseudo-fruits) have been developed with the aim of measuring the impacts experienced by fruits during postharvest operations. The aim of this study was to develop and test a novel wireless instrumented sphere to study the critical points in a citrus packing line by measuring the impacts experienced by fruits in real-time. The non-commercial device was based on a MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical system) sensor node with a sensing range from ±1×g to ±400×g (g = 9.8 m s-2), a ferroelectric RAM (FRAM) memory, a radio frequency (RF) transmitter, a microcontroller, and a 75 mAh lithium battery. The sensor node was placed inside a plastic ellipsoid case with a total weight of 100 g to represent a ‘Tardivo di Ciaculli’ mandarin. An FR receiver allowed real-time transmission of the measured data. Tests were performed in the Consorzio del Mandarino Tardivo di Ciaculli packing line (Palermo, Italy). Total acceleration values, representing the stresses experienced by fruit in the packing line, were studied using a variance component model. The results showed that total acceleration remained below 20×g in most of the measurements, but considerably higher values, up to 80×g, were obtained between the brushing and waxing machines. In particular, waxing was identified as the most critical operation based on the impact transmitted to the fruit. Our system proved to be effective for immediate on-line assessment of the accelerations experienced by fruits, allowing prompt intervention to guarantee fruit quality in postharvest operations.HighlightsA novel, wirelessly instrumented sphere was developed and tested to study the critical points in a fruit packing line.The total acceleration experienced by the fruits was studied using a variance component model.The system was proven effective in online assessment of the accelerations experienced by fruits. Keywords: Acceleration, Damage, Instrumented sphere, Mandarin, Postharvest.
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León, L., and A. Gracia. "Non-destructive assessment of olive fruit ripening by portable near infrared spectroscopy." Grasas y Aceites 62, no. 3 (May 11, 2011): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.089610.
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Maia, Joselanne Luiza Trajano, Luis Henrique Bassoi, Davi José Silva, Maria Auxiliadora Coelho de Lima, Joston Simão de Assis, and Patricia Lígia Dantas de Morais. "Assessment on nutrient levels in the aerial biomass of irrigated guava in São Francisco Valley, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 29, no. 3 (2007): 705–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452007000300054.
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In perennial crops, fertilizers are applied to restore the amount of nutrient removed from the plant by harvesting. Nevertheless, the immobilized nutrient inside the whole plant should be considered. Based on it, the nutrient concentrations in the guava leaf and fruit and the nutrient contents removed by fruits and post-harvest pruning were evaluated in an irrigated orchard, in Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. The greatest contents removed by fruits were N and K among the macronutrients, while Fe, Zn and Mn presented higher levels among the micronutrients. More than 60% of the total content of N, P, K, Mg, Fe, and B removed by pruning were immobilized in the leaf and non-marketable fruit.
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Brilinger, Dahise, Cleiton L. Wille, Joatan M. da Rosa, Cláudio R. Franco, and Mari Inês C. Boff. "Mortality Assessment of Botanical Oils on Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) Applied in Fruits Under Laboratory Conditions." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 8 (June 15, 2019): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n8p287.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of botanical oils on adult mortality and oviposition repellency of Anastrepha fraterculus in peach, apple and red cattley guava fruits. The fruits were treated by the dip method for 15 seconds with botanical oils of Ruta graveolens (0.05%), Cymbopogon citratus (1%), Cymbopogon winterianus (10%), Carapa guianensis (25%) and distilled water was used as a control. The experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design with twenty replicates. After being treated, the fruits were dried at room temperature, placed in separate plastic containers (750 mL) and transferred to a room at 25±2 °C. Each fruit was exposed to two fruit fly couples for 48 hours. After this period, the amount of dead insects was recorded. On apple fruits kept in containers with sterilized vermiculite, the effect of the treatments on A. fraterculus biology was evaluated for 36 days, and data were collected on the amount of pupae in the second generation. C. winterianus oil presented mortality rates of 100 and 80% of adults in peach and apple fruits, respectively. C. citratus oil caused a significantly different mortality rate compared to the control in peach fruits, whereas C. guianensis oil caused A. fraterculus mortality in red cattley guava and apple fruits. The mortality of A. fraterculus in fruits treated with R. graveolens oil did not differ from the control treatment. The botanical oils of C. winterianus and C. guianensis protected apple fruits by preventing A. fraterculus proliferation, and there was a significant reduction of the amount of pupae in the second generation. Botanic oils presented potential for suppression of fruit flies; however, further studies are necessary to test and make them feasible under field conditions.
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Si, Wan, Jie Xiong, Yuping Huang, Xuesong Jiang, and Dong Hu. "Quality Assessment of Fruits and Vegetables Based on Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy: A Review." Foods 11, no. 9 (April 20, 2022): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11091198.
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Damage occurs easily and is difficult to find inside fruits and vegetables during transportation or storage, which not only brings losses to fruit and vegetable distributors, but also reduces the satisfaction of consumers. Spatially resolved spectroscopy (SRS) is able to detect the quality attributes of fruits and vegetables at different depths, which is of great significance to the quality classification and defect detection of horticultural products. This paper is aimed at reviewing the applications of spatially resolved spectroscopy for measuring the quality attributes of fruits and vegetables in detail. The principle of light transfer in biological tissues, diffusion approximation theory and methodologies are introduced, and different configuration designs for spatially resolved spectroscopy are compared and analyzed. Besides, spatially resolved spectroscopy applications based on two aspects for assessing the quality of fruits and vegetables are summarized. Finally, the problems encountered in previous studies are discussed, and future development trends are presented. It can be concluded that spatially resolved spectroscopy demonstrates great application potential in the field of fruit and vegetable quality attribute evaluation. However, due to the limitation of equipment configurations and data processing speed, the application of spatially resolved spectroscopy in real-time online detection is still a challenge.
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Noguera, Miguel, Borja Millan, Arturo Aquino, and José Manuel Andújar. "Methodology for Olive Fruit Quality Assessment by Means of a Low-Cost Multispectral Device." Agronomy 12, no. 5 (April 19, 2022): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12050979.
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The standard methods for determining the quality of olives involve chemical methods that are time-consuming and expensive. These limitations lead growers to homogeneous harvesting based on subjective criteria such as intuition and visual decisions. In recent times, precision agriculture techniques for fruit quality assessment, such as spectroscopy, have been introduced. However, they require expensive equipment, which limit their use to olive mills. This work presents a complete methodology based on a new low-cost multispectral sensor for assessing quality parameters of intact olive fruits. A set of 507 olive samples were analyzed with the proposed device. After data pre-processing, artificial neural network (ANN) models were trained using the 18 reflectance signals acquired by the sensor as input and three olive quality indicators (moisture, acidity, and fat content) as targets. The responses of the ANN models were promising, reaching coefficient-of-determination values of 0.78, 0.86, and 0.62 for fruit moisture, acidity, and fat content, respectively. These results show the suitability of the proposed device for assessing the quality status of intact olive fruits. Its performance, along with its low cost and ease of use, paves the way for the implementation of an olive fruit quality appraisal system that is more affordable for olive growers.
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Selvamuthukumaran, M., and Farhath Khanum. "Stability assessment of Leh Berry fruit squash." Indian Journal of Horticulture 77, no. 1 (2020): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-0112.2020.00018.3.
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Labuschagné, I. F., K. Schmidt, and M. Booyse. "FRUIT QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN APPLE BREEDING PROGENIES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 663 (December 2004): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2004.663.54.
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Moore, James N. "Plant Patenting: A Public Fruit Breeder's Assessment." HortTechnology 3, no. 3 (July 1993): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.3.3.262.
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The strategy of plant patenting as a means to generate research funds is gaining increasing interest in fruit breeding programs in public institutions. Patenting can be a positive force in maintaining fruit breeding programs if applied to superior cultivars and supported by well-designed licensing and distribution procedures. To qualify for a plant patent, a cultivar must be distinct, new, and asexually propagated, and cannot be in public use or on sale more than 1 year prior to the application for patent. Plant patents provide protection only for the whole plant as described. In contrast, utility patents can be obtained to provide proprietary rights to individual plant genes, plant characteristics, and plant products. The possible impact of utility patents on future fruit breeding programs is discussed.
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Henry, Sara Hale, Samuel W. Page, and P. Michael Bolger. "Hazard Assessment of Ackee Fruit (Blighia sapida)." Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 4, no. 5 (October 1998): 1175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039891285045.
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A. Berardinelli, A. Guarnieri, J. Phuntsho, and L. Ragni. "Fruit Damage Assessment in Peach Packing Lines." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 17, no. 1 (2001): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.1922.
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Кондратьев, Николай, Nikolay Kondratev, Ксения Федорко, Ksenia Fedorko, Эмилия Крылова, Emilia Krylova, Михаил Пестерев, Mikhail Pesterev, Максим Осипов, and Maxim Osipov. "Gingerbread with Fruit Filling: Preservation Factor Assessment." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 49, no. 3 (September 23, 2019): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2019-3-397-405.
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The ratio of ‘bound’ and ‘free’ water plays an important role in the studies of staling of various baked confectionery products. Gingerbread with fruit filling is a traditional flour confectionery product with intermediate moisture, which causes transfer processes during storage. Temperature, relative humidity, light exposure, mechanical stress, and pressure affect the staling speed of such confectionery products. The shelf life of raw gingerbread was increased from 10–20 days to more than two months, which caused microbiological deterioration during storage. Moisture transfer between the filling and the crumb increases water activity
and ruins the capillary structure of gingerbread during storage, thus significantly increasing the risk of microbiological damage. The present research featured the changes in the mass fraction of moisture and water activity of individual parts of raw gingerbread with fruit filling during storage at different temperatures and relative air humidity. The samples were packed in a 40-micron polypropylene film. During storage, the mass fraction of moisture and water activity may change in various parts of the product, which can lead to their molding. In this case, starch degradation processes led to the destruction of the structure and a decrease in the content of mechanically-bound moisture, as well as to the release of ‘free’ water and an increase in water activity. As a result, the risk of molding increased significantly. The water activity increased from 0.71 to 0.79 on the sample surface after six weeks of storage at 30°C and a 40% of equilibrium relative humidity. A set of experiments in microbiological indicators revealed no signs of molding in the freshly prepared samples. After one month of storage, the amount of mold reached 10 CFU/g. The quantity of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms in different parts of the crumb increased from 3×10 to 9×102 CFU/g and in the filling – from 1×10 to 2.3×103 CFU/g. After two months of storage, the amount of mold reached more than 103 COE/g, which greatly exceeds safety norms. As the relative air humidity increased from 30% to 40%, the moisture transfer rate between the products and the environment was reduced by half. As a result, the shelf life decreased by 1–2 weeks. The research also studied the patterns of moisture transfer processes in summer and winter conditions. The research results contribute to the development of technology and shelf life forecasting for complex flour confectionery products with intermediate moisture.
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Goswami, Priya, Ritesh Banerjee, and Anita Mukherjee. "Potential antigenotoxicity assessment of Ziziphus jujuba fruit." Heliyon 5, no. 5 (May 2019): e01768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01768.
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Brown, Susan K. "Assessment of Fruit Firmness in Selected Sour Cherry Genotypes." HortScience 23, no. 5 (October 1988): 882–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.23.5.882.
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Abstract Significant differences in firmness were detected when the Instron Universal Testing Machine was used to test fruit firmness in a group of 13 sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) cultivars and selections. Deformation testing of intact fruit resulted in the establishment of seven statistically distinct firmness groups. Selections and cultivars that were firmer than ‘Montmorency’ were identified. Differences in skin strength, as determined by an Instron puncture test, were not as distinct. At harvest, firmness was not correlated with soluble solids content, fruit removal force or fruit weight, indicating the inadequacy of any of these parameters alone as an index of fruit maturity. Deformation testing with the Instron can be used to accurately assess whole fruit firmness in sour cherry breeding programs. Modification of the puncture test would be required to increase the precision in detecting differences in skin strength.