Journal articles: 'Fructose utilization'

1

Hayes, D. J., and N. S. Carter. "An investigation of fructose utilization in Acanthocheilonema viteae." Parasitology 101, no. 3 (December 1990): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000060649.

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SUMMARYThe capacity of Acanthocheilonema viteae to metabolize fructose was investigated in vitro. In common with other filarial species A. viteae oxidized fructose to lactate but its rate of consumption was only 40% of the glucose-containing control value. Fructose was not incorporated into glycogen. Release of 14CO2 from [U-14C]fructose was not detected in the presence of glucose and was about 40% of the glucose-containing value under conditions where fructose was the sole hexose substrate. Fructose consumption and lactate excretion increased in proportion to the external concentration of fructose. However, worm viability was not maintained in fructose over a 120 h in vitro incubation. In the presence of fructose, protein synthesis (measured incorporation of [35S]methionine into acid-insoluble material) was reduced compared to the glucose-containing control group; but was significantly greater than the value obtained under glucose-free conditions.

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Gaurivaud, Patrice, Jean-Luc Danet, Frédéric Laigret, Monique Garnier, and Joseph M. Bové. "Fructose Utilization and Phytopathogenicity of Spiroplasma citri." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 13, no. 10 (October 2000): 1145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2000.13.10.1145.

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Spiroplasma citri is a plant-pathogenic mollicute. Recently, the so-called nonphytopathogenic S. citri mutant GMT 553 was obtained by insertion of transposon Tn4001 into the first gene of the fructose operon. Additional fructose operon mutants were produced either by gene disruption or selection of spontaneous xylitol-resistant strains. The behavior of these spiroplasma mutants in the periwinkle plants has been studied. Plants infected via leafhoppers with the wild-type strain GII-3 began to show symptoms during the first week following the insect-transmission period, and the symptoms rapidly became severe. With the fructose operon mutants, symptoms appeared only during the fourth week and remained mild, except when reversion to a fructose+ phenotype occurred. In this case, the fructose+ revertants quickly overtook the fructose¯ mutants and the symptoms soon became severe. When mutant GMT 553 was complemented with the fructose operon genes that restore fructose utilization, severe pathogenicity, similar to that of the wild-type strain, was also restored. Finally, plants infected with the wild-type strain and grown at 23°C instead of 30°C showed late symptoms, but these rapidly became severe. These results are discussed in light of the role of fructose in plants. Fructose utilization by the spiroplasmas could impair sucrose loading into the sieve tubes by the companion cells and result in accumulation of carbohydrates in source leaves and depletion of carbon sources in sink tissues.

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Guillaume, Carole, Pierre Delobel, Jean-Marie Sablayrolles, and Bruno Blondin. "Molecular Basis of Fructose Utilization by the Wine Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a Mutated HXT3 Allele Enhances Fructose Fermentation." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 8 (February 16, 2007): 2432–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02269-06.

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ABSTRACT Fructose utilization by wine yeasts is critically important for the maintenance of a high fermentation rate at the end of alcoholic fermentation. A Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeast able to ferment grape must sugars to dryness was found to have a high fructose utilization capacity. We investigated the molecular basis of this enhanced fructose utilization capacity by studying the properties of several hexose transporter (HXT) genes. We found that this wine yeast harbored a mutated HXT3 allele. A functional analysis of this mutated allele was performed by examining expression in an hxt1-7Δ strain. Expression of the mutated allele alone was found to be sufficient for producing an increase in fructose utilization during fermentation similar to that observed in the commercial wine yeast. This work provides the first demonstration that the pattern of fructose utilization during wine fermentation can be altered by expression of a mutated hexose transporter in a wine yeast. We also found that the glycolytic flux could be increased by overexpression of the mutant transporter gene, with no effect on fructose utilization. Our data demonstrate that the Hxt3 hexose transporter plays a key role in determining the glucose/fructose utilization ratio during fermentation.

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DeBosch, Brian J., Maggie Chi, and Kelle H. Moley. "Glucose Transporter 8 (GLUT8) Regulates Enterocyte Fructose Transport and Global Mammalian Fructose Utilization." Endocrinology 153, no. 9 (September 1, 2012): 4181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2012-1541.

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Enterocyte fructose absorption is a tightly regulated process that precedes the deleterious effects of excess dietary fructose in mammals. Glucose transporter (GLUT)8 is a glucose/fructose transporter previously shown to be expressed in murine intestine. The in vivo function of GLUT8, however, remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate enhanced fructose-induced fructose transport in both in vitro and in vivo models of enterocyte GLUT8 deficiency. Fructose exposure stimulated [14C]-fructose uptake and decreased GLUT8 protein abundance in Caco2 colonocytes, whereas direct short hairpin RNA-mediated GLUT8 knockdown also stimulated fructose uptake. To assess GLUT8 function in vivo, we generated GLUT8-deficient (GLUT8KO) mice. GLUT8KO mice exhibited significantly greater jejunal fructose uptake at baseline and after high-fructose diet (HFrD) feeding vs. wild-type mice. Strikingly, long-term HFrD feeding in GLUT8KO mice exacerbated fructose-induced increases in blood pressure, serum insulin, low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol vs. wild-type controls. Enhanced fructose uptake paralleled with increased abundance of the fructose and glucose transporter, GLUT12, in HFrD-fed GLUT8KO mouse enterocytes and in Caco2 cultures exposed to high-fructose medium. We conclude that GLUT8 regulates enterocyte fructose transport by regulating GLUT12, and that disrupted GLUT8 function has deleterious long-term metabolic sequelae. GLUT8 may thus represent a modifiable target in the prevention and treatment of malnutrition or the metabolic syndrome.

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Gaurivaud, Patrice, Frédéric Laigret, Monique Garnier, and Joseph M. Bove. "Fructose utilization and pathogenicity of Spiroplasma citri: characterization of the fructose operon." Gene 252, no. 1-2 (July 2000): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1119(00)00230-4.

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Jin, Cuiping, Xiaojin Gong, and Yumin Shang. "GLUT5 increases fructose utilization in ovarian cancer." OncoTargets and Therapy Volume 12 (July 2019): 5425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ott.s205522.

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7

Bringer-Meyer, Stephanie, Marc Scollar, and Hermann Sahm. "Zymomonas mobilis mutants blocked in fructose utilization." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 23, no. 2 (December 1985): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00249944.

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Bringer-Meyer, Stephanie, Marc Scollar, and Hermann Sahm. "Zymomonas mobilis mutants blocked in fructose utilization." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 23, no. 2 (December 1985): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00938966.

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9

Bringer-Meyer, Stephanie, Marc Scollar, and Hermann Sahm. "Zymomonas mobilis mutants blocked in fructose utilization." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 23, no. 2 (December 1985): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01982730.

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10

Fan, Xiajing, Hongru Liu, Miao Liu, Yuanyuan Wang, Li Qiu, and Yanfen Cui. "Increased utilization of fructose has a positive effect on the development of breast cancer." PeerJ 5 (September 27, 2017): e3804. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3804.

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Rapid proliferation and Warburg effect make cancer cells consume plenty of glucose, which induces a low glucose micro-environment within the tumor. Up to date, how cancer cells keep proliferating in the condition of glucose insufficiency still remains to be explored. Recent studies have revealed a close correlation between excessive fructose consumption and breast cancer genesis and progression, but there is no convincing evidence showing that fructose could directly promote breast cancer development. Herein, we found that fructose, not amino acids, could functionally replace glucose to support proliferation of breast cancer cells. Fructose endowed breast cancer cells with the colony formation ability and migratory capacity as effective as glucose. Interestingly, although fructose was readily used by breast cancer cells, it failed to restore proliferation of non-tumor cells in the absence of glucose. These results suggest that fructose could be relatively selectively employed by breast cancer cells. Indeed, we observed that a main transporter of fructose, GLUT5, was highly expressed in breast cancer cells and tumor tissues but not in their normal counterparts. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the fructose diet promoted metastasis of 4T1 cells in the mouse models. Taken together, our data show that fructose can be used by breast cancer cells specifically in glucose-deficiency, and suggest that the high-fructose diet could accelerate the progress of breast cancerin vivo.

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Schroer, Guido, Jeff Deischter, Tobias Zensen, Jan Kraus, Ann-Christin Pöppler, Long Qi, Susannah Scott, and Irina Delidovich. "Structure-performance correlations of cross-linked boronic acid polymers as adsorbents for recovery of fructose from glucose–fructose mixtures." Green Chemistry 22, no. 2 (2020): 550–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc03151k.

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12

Jandrain, B. J., N. Pallikarakis, S. Normand, F. Pirnay, M. Lacroix, F. Mosora, C. Pachiaudi, et al. "Fructose utilization during exercise in men: rapid conversion of ingested fructose to circulating glucose." Journal of Applied Physiology 74, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): 2146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.74.5.2146.

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The aim of the present study was to compare the metabolic fate of repeated doses of fructose or glucose ingested every 30 min during long-duration moderate-intensity exercise in men. Healthy volunteers exercised for 3 h on a treadmill at 45% of their maximal oxygen consumption rate. "Naturally labeled" [13C]glucose or [13C]fructose was given orally at 25-g doses every 30 min (total feeding: 150 g; n = 6 in each group). Substrate utilization was evaluated by indirect calorimetry, and exogenous sugar oxidation was measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry on expired CO2. Results were corrected for baseline drift in 13C/12C ratio in expired air due to exercise alone. Fructose conversion to plasma glucose was measured combining gas chromatography and isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Most of the ingested glucose was oxidized: 81 +/- 4 vs. 57 +/- 2 g/3 h for fructose (2P < 0.005). Exogenous glucose covered 20.8 +/- 1.4% of the total energy need (+/- 6.7 MJ) compared with 14.0 +/- 0.6% for fructose (2P < 0.005). The contribution of total carbohydrates was significantly higher and that of lipids significantly lower with glucose than with fructose. The blood glucose response was similar in both protocols. From 90 to 180 min, 55–60% of circulating glucose was derived from ingested fructose. In conclusion, when ingested repeatedly during moderate-intensity prolonged exercise, fructose is metabolically less available than glucose, despite a high rate of conversion to circulating glucose.

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13

WU, B. H., B. QUILOT, M. GÉNARD, S. H. LI, J. B. ZHAO, J. YANG, and Y. Q. WANG. "Application of a SUGAR model to analyse sugar accumulation in peach cultivars that differ in glucose–fructose ratio." Journal of Agricultural Science 150, no. 1 (June 2, 2011): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859611000438.

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SUMMARYA SUGAR model, which was established to predict the partitioning of carbon into sucrose, glucose, fructose and sorbitol in fruit mesocarp of peach cultivars (Prunus persica (L.) Batch) with normal glucose: fructose ratio (G:F) of 0·8–1·5, was evaluated and extended for peach cultivars with a high G:F ratio of 1·5–7·8. The extended model (SUGARb) is more generic and assumes a high G:F ratio to be due to preferential transformation of sorbitol into glucose, preferential utilization of fructose or preferential conversion of fructose into glucose. The simulated seasonal variations in sugars via the SUGARb-model-matched experimental data for three normal and three high G:F cultivars well, and accurately exhibited G:F ratio characteristics. The relative rates of sucrose transformation into glucose and fructose differed according to cultivar but not according to G:F status. Compared with hexosephosphate interconversion, a lower production rate of fructose than glucose from sorbitol, and/or a higher utilization rate of fructose than that of glucose might be preferential alternatives for forming high G:F ratios in the high G:F cultivars studied in the present study, which is discussed in the light of recent results on enzyme activities.

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14

Li, Jin, Jiajun Chen, Wei Xu, Wenli Zhang, Yeming Chen, and Wanmeng Mu. "Efficient Utilization of Fruit Peels for the Bioproduction of D-Allulose and D-Mannitol." Foods 11, no. 22 (November 12, 2022): 3613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11223613.

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Currently, the demand for low-calorie sweeteners has grown dramatically because consumers are more mindful of their health than they used to be. Therefore, bioproduction of low-calorie sweeteners from low-cost raw materials becomes a hot spot. In this study, a two-stage strategy was established to efficiently utilize D-fructose from fruit and vegetable wastes. Firstly, ketose 3-epimerase was used to produce D-allulose from D-fructose of pear peels. Secondly, the residual D-fructose was converted to D-mannitol by the engineered strain co-expression of D-mannitol 2-dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase. Approximately 29.4% D-fructose of pear peels was converted to D-allulose. Subsequently, under optimal conditions (35 °C, pH 6.5, 1 mM Mn2+, 2 g/L dry cells), almost all the residual D-fructose was transformed into D-mannitol with a 93.5% conversion rate. Eventually, from 1 kg fresh pear peel, it could produce 10.8 g of D-allulose and 24.6 g of D-mannitol. This bioprocess strategy provides a vital method to biosynthesize high-value functional sugars from low-cost biomass.

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Welsh, David T., Remy Guyoneaud, and Pierre Caumette. "Utilization of the compatible solutes sucrose and trehalose by purple sulfur and nonsulfur bacteria." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 44, no. 10 (October 1, 1998): 974–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w98-095.

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Owing to their ubiquity as compatible solutes, sucrose and trehalose and their constituent monosaccharides, glucose and fructose, may represent a significant source of carbon for the growth of other bacteria. We investigated sugar utilization by 34 strains of purple sulfur and nonsulfur bacteria isolated from coastal lagoons. Amongst the purple nonsulfur bacteria, sugar utilization was common with almost all strains utilizing the tested monosaccharides and 70 and 50% of strains utilizing sucrose and trehalose, respectively. Sugar utilization was rarer amongst the purple sulfur bacteria, with none of the strains using glucose or trehalose. Fructose, was utilized by 50% of isolates and sucrose was utilized only by strains of Thiorhodococcus. Surprisingly, although unable to use glucose directly, Thiorhodococcus strains used both the glucose and fructose moieties of sucrose and utilized glucose slowly in the presence of fructose, indicating that these strains may be impaired in glucose transport, rather than glucose metabolism per se. Disaccharide metabolism was dependent on sugar uptake and none of the strains produced trehalases or sucrases. Efficacy of sugar utilization varied widely with specific growth yield between 0.09 and 0.78 g dry weight·g sugar-1, and was dependent upon both the sugar and the strain. Similarly, specific growth rates were highly variable with strain and the sugar present and ranged between 5.4 and 0.5 × 10-2·h-1.Overall, data indicate that in natural high salinity ecosystems, purple sulfur and particularly purple nonsulfur bacteria may be able to efficiently exploit compatible solutes released to the environment by other members of the bacterial community.Key words: Chromatiaceae, purple sulfur bacteria, purple nonsulfur bacteria, sugar utilization.

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16

Suntinanalert, Prasert, John P. Pemberton, and Horst W. Doelle. "The production of ethanol plus fructose sweetener using fructose utilization negative mutants of Zymomonas mobilis." Biotechnology Letters 8, no. 5 (May 1986): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01040865.

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Valdes, Kayla M., Ganesh S. Sundar, Luis A. Vega, Ashton T. Belew, Emrul Islam, Rachel Binet, Najib M. El-Sayed, Yoann Le Breton, and Kevin S. McIver. "ThefruRBAOperon Is Necessary for Group A Streptococcal Growth in Fructose and for Resistance to Neutrophil Killing during Growth in Whole Human Blood." Infection and Immunity 84, no. 4 (January 19, 2016): 1016–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01296-15.

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Bacterial pathogens rely on the availability of nutrients for survival in the host environment. The phosphoenolpyruvate-phosphotransferase system (PTS) is a global regulatory network connecting sugar uptake with signal transduction. Since the fructose PTS has been shown to impact virulence in several streptococci, including the human pathogenStreptococcus pyogenes(the group AStreptococcus[GAS]), we characterized its role in carbon metabolism and pathogenesis in the M1T1 strain 5448. Growth in fructose as a sole carbon source resulted in 103 genes affected transcriptionally, where thefrulocus (fruRBA) was the most induced. Reverse transcriptase PCR showed thatfruRBAformed an operon which was repressed by FruR in the absence of fructose, in addition to being under carbon catabolic repression. Growth assays and carbon utilization profiles revealed that although the entirefruoperon was required for growth in fructose, FruA was the main transporter for fructose and also was involved in the utilization of three additional PTS sugars: cellobiose, mannitol, andN-acetyl-d-galactosamine. The inactivation ofsloR, afruAhomolog that also was upregulated in the presence of fructose, failed to reveal a role as a secondary fructose transporter. Whereas the ability of both ΔfruRand ΔfruBmutants to survive in the presence of whole human blood or neutrophils was impaired, the phenotype was not reproduced in murine whole blood, and those mutants were not attenuated in a mouse intraperitoneal infection. Since the ΔfruAmutant exhibited no phenotype in the human or mouse assays, we propose that FruR and FruB are important for GAS survival in a human-specific environment.

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Lee, Jeong Wook, Sol Choi, Ji Mahn Kim, and Sang Yup Lee. "Mannheimia succiniciproducens Phosphotransferase System for Sucrose Utilization." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 5 (January 15, 2010): 1699–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02468-09.

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ABSTRACT The succinic acid producer Mannheimia succiniciproducens can efficiently utilize sucrose as a carbon source, but its metabolism has not been understood. This study revealed that M. succiniciproducens uses a sucrose phosphotransferase system (PTS), sucrose 6-phosphate hydrolase, and a fructose PTS for the transport and utilization of sucrose.

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19

HOLNESS, MARK J. "Hypertriglyceridaemia precedes impaired muscle glucose utilization during fructose feeding." Biochemical Society Transactions 22, no. 2 (May 1, 1994): 105S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst022105s.

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20

Lu, Z., H. P. Fleming, and R. F. McFeeters. "Differential Glucose and Fructose Utilization During Cucumber Juice Fermentation." Journal of Food Science 66, no. 1 (January 2001): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.tb15600.x.

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21

Fuchs, A. "Potentials for Non-Food Utilization of Fructose and Inulin." Starch - Stärke 39, no. 10 (1987): 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/star.19870391002.

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22

Massicotte, D., F. Peronnet, C. Allah, C. Hillaire-Marcel, M. Ledoux, and G. Brisson. "Metabolic response to [13C]glucose and [13C]fructose ingestion during exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 61, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): 1180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.61.3.1180.

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Seven healthy male volunteers exercised on a cycle ergometer at 50 +/- 5% VO2max for 180 min, on three occasions during which they ingested either water only (W), [13C]glucose (G), or [13C]fructose (F) (140 +/- 12 g, diluted at 7% in water, and evenly distributed over the exercise period). Blood glucose concentration (in mM) significantly decreased during exercise with W (5.1 +/- 0.4 to 4.2 +/- 0.1) but remained stable with G (5.0 +/- 0.4 to 5.3 +/- 0.6) or F ingestion (5.4 +/- 0.5 to 5.1 +/- 0.4). Decreases in plasma insulin concentration (microU/ml) were greater (P less than 0.05) with W (11 +/- 3 to 3 +/- 1) and F (12 +/- 4 to 5 +/- 1) than with G ingestion (11 +/- 2 to 9 +/- 5), and fat utilization was greater with F (103 +/- 11 g) than with G ingestion (82 +/- 9 g) and lower than with W ingestion (132 +/- 14 g). However F was less readily available for combustion than G; over the 3-h period 75% (106 +/- 11 g) of ingested G was oxidized, compared with 56% (79 +/- 8 g) of ingested fructose. As a consequence, carbohydrate store utilizations were similar in the two conditions (G, 174 +/- 20 g; F, 173 +/- 17 g; vs. W, 193 +/- 22 g). These observations suggest that, during prolonged moderate exercise, F ingestion maintains blood glucose as well as G ingestion, and increases fat utilization when compared to G ingestion. However, due to a slower rate of utilization of F, carbohydrate store sparing is similar with G and F ingestions.

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Ha-Tran, Dung Minh, Trinh Thi My Nguyen, Shou-Chen Lo, and Chieh-Chen Huang. "Utilization of Monosaccharides by Hungateiclostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 through Adaptive Evolution." Microorganisms 9, no. 7 (July 4, 2021): 1445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071445.

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Hungateiclostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 is a promising bacterium for consolidated bioprocessing with a robust ability to degrade lignocellulosic biomass through a multienzyme cellulosomal complex. The bacterium uses the released cellodextrins, glucose polymers of different lengths, as its primary carbon source and energy. In contrast, the bacterium exhibits poor growth on monosaccharides such as fructose and glucose. This phenomenon raises many important questions concerning its glycolytic pathways and sugar transport systems. Until now, the detailed mechanisms of H. thermocellum adaptation to growth on hexose sugars have been relatively poorly explored. In this study, adaptive laboratory evolution was applied to train the bacterium in hexose sugars-based media, and genome resequencing was used to detect the genes that got mutated during adaptation period. RNA-seq data of the first culture growing on either fructose or glucose revealed that several glycolytic genes in the Embden–Mayerhof–Parnas pathway were expressed at lower levels in these cells than in cellobiose-grown cells. After seven consecutive transfer events on fructose and glucose (~42 generations for fructose-adapted cells and ~40 generations for glucose-adapted cells), several genes in the EMP glycolysis of the evolved strains increased the levels of mRNA expression, accompanied by a faster growth, a greater biomass yield, a higher ethanol titer than those in their parent strains. Genomic screening also revealed several mutation events in the genomes of the evolved strains, especially in those responsible for sugar transport and central carbon metabolism. Consequently, these genes could be applied as potential targets for further metabolic engineering to improve this bacterium for bio-industrial usage.

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Biswas, Pradip K., Edward J. Behrman, and Venkat Gopalan. "Characterization of a Salmonella sugar kinase essential for the utilization of fructose-asparagine." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 95, no. 2 (April 2017): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/bcb-2016-0138.

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Salmonella can utilize fructose-asparagine (F-Asn), a naturally occurring Amadori product, as its sole carbon and nitrogen source. Conversion of F-Asn to the common intermediates glucose-6-phosphate, aspartate, and ammonia was predicted to involve the sequential action of an asparaginase, a kinase, and a deglycase. Mutants lacking the deglycase are highly attenuated in mouse models of intestinal inflammation owing to the toxic build-up of the deglycase substrate. The limited distribution of this metabolic pathway in the animal gut microbiome raises the prospects for antibacterial discovery. We report the biochemical characterization of the kinase that was expected to transform fructose-aspartate to 6-phosphofructose-aspartate during F-Asn utilization. In addition to confirming its anticipated function, we determined through studies of fructose-aspartate analogues that this kinase exhibits a substrate-specificity with greater tolerance to changes to the amino acid (including the d-isomer of aspartate) than to the sugar.

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Chaudhari, Dr Pankaj W., and Dr Sunita S. Gupta. "Significance of Seminal Fructose Level in Spermatogenic Activity After Progesterone Treatment." Indian Journal of Advanced Zoology 1, no. 3 (April 30, 2022): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54105/ijz.c2904.041322.

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Fructose is the main source of energy for the sperm motility. The degree of fructose utilization is directly proportional to the sperm motility. It could be the cause of negative correlation between sperm motility and semen fructose level. Fructose is a source of energy for the sperm motility. A parallel set of squirrels (Funambulus pennanti) treated with high and low doses of depot medroxy progesterone acetate (Depo provera), a synthetic progesterone for short and long term duration indicated that the spermatogenic activity in the seminiferous tubules was inversely related with the concentrations of seminal fructose. Thus the seminiferous tubules showing total arrest of spermatogenesis and atrophy of Leydig cells- anazoospermic condition, a significant increase in fructose values were observed, slight increase in the fructose values were registered in the oligozoospermic condition whereas a significant decrease in the fructose values were recorded in the partial arrest of spermatogenic activity. The results were supported by the cauda epididymal sperm count, histological changes in the Leydig cells histopathological changes in seminiferous tubules.

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Massicotte, D., F. Peronnet, G. Brisson, K. Bakkouch, and C. Hillaire-Marcel. "Oxidation of a glucose polymer during exercise: comparison with glucose and fructose." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.1.179.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the oxidation of 13C-labeled glucose, fructose, and glucose polymer ingested (1.33 g.kg-1 in 19 ml.kg-1 water) during cycle exercise (120 min, 53 +/- 2% maximal O2 uptake) in six healthy male subjects. Oxidation of exogenous glucose and glucose polymer (72 +/- 15 and 65 +/- 18%, respectively, of the 98.9 +/- 4.7 g ingested) was similar and significantly greater than exogenous fructose oxidation (54 +/- 13%). A transient rise in plasma glucose concentration was observed with glucose ingestion only. However, plasma insulin levels were similar with glucose and glucose polymer ingestions and significantly higher than with water or fructose ingestion. Plasma free fatty acid and glycerol responses to exercise were blunted with carbohydrate ingestion. However, fat utilization was not significantly different with water (82 +/- 14 g), glucose (60 +/- 3 g), fructose (59 +/- 11 g), or glucose polymer ingestion (60 +/- 8 g). Endogenous carbohydrate utilization was significantly lower with glucose (184 +/- 22 g), glucose polymer (187 +/- 31 g), and fructose (211 +/- 18 g) than with water (239 +/- 30 g) ingestion. Plasma volume slightly increased with water ingestion (7.4 +/- 4.5%), but the decrease was similar with glucose (-7.6 +/- 5.1%) and glucose polymer (-8.2 +/- 4.6%), suggesting that the rate of water delivery to plasma was similar with the two carbohydrates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Uhde, Andreas, Natalie Brühl, Oliver Goldbeck, Christian Matano, Oksana Gurow, Christian Rückert, Kay Marin, Volker F. Wendisch, Reinhard Krämer, and Gerd M. Seibold. "Transcription of Sialic Acid Catabolism Genes in Corynebacterium glutamicum Is Subject to Catabolite Repression and Control by the Transcriptional Repressor NanR." Journal of Bacteriology 198, no. 16 (June 6, 2016): 2204–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00820-15.

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ABSTRACTCorynebacterium glutamicummetabolizes sialic acid (Neu5Ac) to fructose-6-phosphate (fructose-6P) via the consecutive activity of the sialic acid importer SiaEFGI,N-acetylneuraminic acid lyase (NanA),N-acetylmannosamine kinase (NanK),N-acetylmannosamine-6P epimerase (NanE),N-acetylglucosamine-6P deacetylase (NagA), and glucosamine-6P deaminase (NagB). Within the cluster of the three operonsnagAB,nanAKE, andsiaEFGIfor Neu5Ac utilization a fourth operon is present, which comprisescg2936, encoding a GntR-type transcriptional regulator, here named NanR. Microarray studies and reporter gene assays showed thatnagAB,nanAKE,siaEFGI, andnanRare repressed in wild-type (WT)C. glutamicumbut highly induced in a ΔnanR C. glutamicummutant. Purified NanR was found to specifically bind to the nucleotide motifs A[AC]G[CT][AC]TGATGTC[AT][TG]ATGT[AC]TA located within thenagA-nanAandnanR-sialAintergenic regions. Binding of NanR to promoter regions was abolished in the presence of the Neu5Ac metabolism intermediates GlcNAc-6P andN-acetylmannosamine-6-phosphate (ManNAc-6P). We observed consecutive utilization of glucose and Neu5Ac as well as fructose and Neu5Ac by WTC. glutamicum, whereas the deletion mutantC. glutamicumΔnanRsimultaneously consumed these sugars. Increased reporter gene activities fornagAB,nanAKE, andnanRwere observed in cultivations of WTC. glutamicumwith Neu5Ac as the sole substrate compared to cultivations when fructose was present. Taken together, our findings show that Neu5Ac metabolism inC. glutamicumis subject to catabolite repression, which involves control by the repressor NanR.IMPORTANCENeu5Ac utilization is currently regarded as a common trait of both pathogenic and commensal bacteria. Interestingly, the nonpathogenic soil bacteriumC. glutamicumefficiently utilizes Neu5Ac as a substrate for growth. Expression of genes for Neu5Ac utilization inC. glutamicumis here shown to depend on the transcriptional regulator NanR, which is the first GntR-type regulator of Neu5Ac metabolism not to use Neu5Ac as effector but relies instead on the inducers GlcNAc-6P and ManNAc-6P. The identification of conserved NanR-binding sites in intergenic regions within the operons for Neu5Ac utilization in pathogenicCorynebacteriumspecies indicates that the mechanism for the control of Neu5Ac catabolism inC. glutamicumby NanR as described in this work is probably conserved within this genus.

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Kawachi, Shoji, Naohide Sumiyoshi, Yuji Yamamori, Megumi Kaneko, and Osafumi Yuge. "Utilization of a Glucose/Fructose/Xylitol Carbohydrate Solution During Surgery." Journal of Investigative Surgery 6, no. 6 (January 1993): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08941939309141637.

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Lee, Hung, and Barbara G. Fisher. "Unusual fructose utilization by Pichia stipitis and its potential application." Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering 69, no. 2 (January 1990): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0922-338x(90)90191-x.

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Su, Chunhai, Hui Li, and Wenbo Gao. "GLUT5 increases fructose utilization and promotes tumor progression in glioma." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 500, no. 2 (June 2018): 462–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.103.

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Izumi, Y., and C. F. Zorumski. "Glial–neuronal interactions underlying fructose utilization in rat hippocampal slices." Neuroscience 161, no. 3 (July 2009): 847–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.04.008.

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Helanto, Miia, Johannes Aarnikunnas, Airi Palva, Matti Leisola, and Antti Nyyssölä. "Characterization of genes involved in fructose utilization by Lactobacillus fermentum." Archives of Microbiology 186, no. 1 (June 2, 2006): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00203-006-0120-x.

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Fillat, C., A. M. Gomezfoix, and J. J. Guinovart. "Stimulation of Glucose Utilization by Fructose in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes." Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 300, no. 2 (February 1993): 564–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abbi.1993.1078.

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Cason, David T., G. C. Reid, and E. M. S. Gatner. "PITCHING RATES RELATED TO GLUCOSE AND FRUCTOSE UTILIZATION INSaccharomyces cerevisiae." Journal of the Institute of Brewing 93, no. 6 (November 12, 1987): 506–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2050-0416.1987.tb04543.x.

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Barngrover, D., J. Thomas, and W. G. Thilly. "High density mammalian cell growth in Leibovitz bicarbonate-free medium: effects of fructose and galactose on culture biochemistry." Journal of Cell Science 78, no. 1 (October 1, 1985): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.78.1.173.

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The most commonly used buffering system for mammalian cell cultures is a bicarbonate/CO2 system, which requires CO2 regulators and incubators to supply a constant level of CO2. As a replacement, Leibovitz developed a bicarbonate-free medium, L15, with relatively high levels of certain amino acids in the free base form. We found that a modified form of L15, containing 10 mM-fructose instead of galactose, supported high density growth of Vero and MDCK cells, with maintenance of a stable pH and lactate/pyruvate ratio. We report here investigations of Vero and MDCK cell growth and culture biochemistry at different concentrations of the two carbohydrates. The initial fructose concentration in the medium affected the eventual pH of the medium, the rate of production of lactic acid and ammonia, and the fructose utilization rate. The initial galactose concentration affected the growth rate but did not affect eventual culture pH, the rates of lactate and ammonia production, or the rate of its own utilization. Thus, Leibovitz' formula, modified to contain 10 mM-fructose, appears to yield satisfactory stability of culture pH and the lactate/pyruvate ratio. At all concentrations of galactose tested, the lactate/pyruvate ratio drifted out of the physiological range.

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André, Aurélie, Mickaël Maucourt, Annick Moing, Dominique Rolin, and Joël Renaudin. "Sugar Import and Phytopathogenicity of Spiroplasma citri: Glucose and Fructose Play Distinct Roles." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 18, no. 1 (January 2005): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-18-0033.

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We have shown previously that the glucose PTS (phos-photransferase system) permease enzyme II of Spiroplasma citri is split into two distinct polypeptides, which are encoded by two separate genes, crr and ptsG. A S. citri mutant was obtained by disruption of ptsG through homologous recombination and was proved unable to import glucose. The ptsG mutant (GII3-glc1) was transmitted to periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) plants through injection to the leaf-hopper vector. In contrast to the previously characterized fructose operon mutant GMT 553, which was found virtually nonpathogenic, the ptsG mutant GII3-glc1 induced severe symptoms similar to those induced by the wild-type strain GII-3. These results, indicating that fructose and glucose utilization were not equally involved in pathogenicity, were consistent with biochemical data showing that, in the presence of both sugars, S. citri used fructose preferentially. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of carbohydrates in plant extracts revealed the accumulation of soluble sugars, particularly glucose, in plants infected by S. citri GII-3 or GII3-glc1 but not in those infected by GMT 553. From these data, a hypothetical model was proposed to establish the relationship between fructose utilization by the spiroplasmas present in the phloem sieve tubes and glucose accumulation in the leaves of S. citri infected plants.

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Parniak, M. A., and N. Kalant. "Enhancement of glycogen concentrations in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes exposed to glucose and fructose." Biochemical Journal 251, no. 3 (May 1, 1988): 795–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2510795.

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Glycogen synthesis in isolated hepatocytes can occur from glucose both by a direct mechanism and by an indirect process in which glucose is first metabolized to C3 intermediates before use for glycogenesis via gluconeogenesis. We studied the incorporation into glycogen of glucose and the gluconeogenic substrate, fructose, in primary cultures of hepatocytes from fasted rats. In the presence of insulin, both glucose and fructose promoted net deposition of glycogen; however, fructose carbon was incorporated into glycogen to a greater extent than that from glucose. When glucose and fructose were administered simultaneously, the glycogenic utilization of glucose was stimulated 2-3-fold, and that of fructose was increased by about 50%. At constant hexose concentrations, the total incorporation of carbon, and the total accumulation of glycogen mass, from glucose and fructose when present together exceeded that from either substrate alone. Fructose did not change the relative proportion of glucose carbon incorporated into glycogen via the indirect (gluconeogenic) mechanism. The synergism of glucose and fructose in glycogen synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes in primary culture appears to result from a decrease in the rate of degradation of newly deposited glycogen, owing to (i) decreased amount of phosphorylase a mediated by glucose and (ii) noncovalent inhibition of residual phosphorylase activity by some intermediate arising from the metabolism of fructose, presumably fructose 1-phosphate.

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Kato, Tamotsu, Masaharu Kagawa, Wataru Suda, Yuuri Tsuboi, Sayo Inoue-Suzuki, Jun Kikuchi, Masahira Hattori, Toshiko Ohta, and Hiroshi Ohno. "Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Differential Effects of Fructo-Oligosaccharides (FOS) Supplementation on the Human Gut Ecosystem." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19 (October 3, 2022): 11728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911728.

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Changes in the gut ecosystem, including the microbiome and the metabolome, and the host immune system after fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation were evaluated. The supplementation of FOS showed large inter-individual variability in the absolute numbers of fecal bacteria and an increase in Bifidobacterium. The fecal metabolome analysis revealed individual variability in fructose utilization in response to FOS supplementation. In addition, immunoglobulin A(IgA) tended to increase upon FOS intake, and peripheral blood monocytes significantly decreased upon FOS intake and kept decreasing in the post-FOS phase. Further analysis using a metagenomic approach showed that the differences could be at least in part due to the differences in gene expressions of enzymes that are involved in the fructose metabolism pathway. While the study showed individual differences in the expected health benefits of FOS supplementation, the accumulation of “personalized” knowledge of the gut ecosystem with its genetic expression may enable effective instructions on prebiotic consumption to optimize health benefits for individuals in the future.

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Sun, Feng-Hua, Stephen Heung-Sang Wong, Ya-Jun Chen, Ya-Jun Huang, and Sandy Shen-Yu Hsieh. "Effect of glycemic index and fructose content in lunch on substrate utilization during subsequent brisk walking." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 36, no. 6 (December 2011): 985–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h11-122.

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of glycemic index (GI) and fructose content in lunch on substrate utilization during subsequent brisk walking. Ten healthy young males completed 3 main trials in a counterbalanced crossover design. They completed 60 min of brisk walking at approximately 50% maximal oxygen consumption after consuming a standard breakfast and 1 of 3 lunch meals, i.e., a low GI meal without fructose (LGI), a low GI meal that included fructose beverage (LGIF), or a high GI meal (HGI). The 3 lunch meals were isocaloric and provided 1.0 g·kg–1 carbohydrate. Substrate utilization was measured using indirect respiratory calorimetry method. Blood samples were collected at certain time points. During the 2-h postprandial period after lunch, the incremental area under the blood response curve values of glucose and insulin were higher (p < 0.05) in the HGI trial than those in the LGI and LGIF trials (HGI vs. LGI and LGIF: glucose, 223.5 ± 24.4 vs. 92.5 ± 10.4 and 128.0 ± 17.7 mmol·min·L–1; insulin, 3603 ± 593 vs. 1425 ± 289 and 1888 ± 114 mU·min·L–1). During brisk walking, decreased carbohydrate oxidation was observed (p < 0.05) in the LGI trial than in the LGIF and HGI trials (LGI vs. LGIF and HGI: 60.8 ± 4.0 vs. 68.1 ± 6.0 and 74.4 ± 4.7 g). No difference was found in fat oxidation among the 3 trials (LGI vs. LGIF vs. HGI: 21.6 ± 2.3 vs. 19.2 ± 2.3 vs. 16.4 ± 2.2 g). It appeared that fructose content was an important influencing factor when considering the effect of different GI lunch meals on substrate utilization during subsequent moderate intensity exercise.

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Donahue, Janet L., Jennifer L. Bownas, Walter G. Niehaus, and Timothy J. Larson. "Purification and Characterization ofglpX-Encoded Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphatase, a New Enzyme of the Glycerol 3-Phosphate Regulon of Escherichia coli." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 19 (October 1, 2000): 5624–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.19.5624-5627.2000.

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ABSTRACT In Escherichia coli, gene products of theglp regulon mediate utilization of glycerol andsn-glycerol 3-phosphate. The glpFKX operon encodes glycerol diffusion facilitator, glycerol kinase, and as shown here, a fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase that is distinct from the previously described fbp-encoded enzyme. The purified enzyme was dimeric, dependent on Mn2+ for activity, and exhibited an apparent Km of 35 μM for fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. The enzyme was inhibited by ADP and phosphate and activated by phosphoenolpyruvate.

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Barrière, Charlotte, Maria Veiga-da-Cunha, Nicolas Pons, Eric Guédon, Sacha A. F. T. van Hijum, Jan Kok, Oscar P. Kuipers, Dusko S. Ehrlich, and Pierre Renault. "Fructose Utilization in Lactococcus lactis as a Model for Low-GC Gram-Positive Bacteria: Its Regulator, Signal, and DNA-Binding Site." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 11 (June 1, 2005): 3752–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.11.3752-3761.2005.

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ABSTRACT In addition to its role as carbon and energy source, fructose metabolism was reported to affect other cellular processes, such as biofilm formation by streptococci and bacterial pathogenicity in plants. Fructose genes encoding a 1-phosphofructokinase and a phosphotransferase system (PTS) fructose-specific enzyme IIABC component reside commonly in a gene cluster with a DeoR family regulator in various gram-positive bacteria. We present a comprehensive study of fructose metabolism in Lactococcus lactis, including a systematic study of fru mutants, global messenger analysis, and a molecular characterization of its regulation. The fru operon is regulated at the transcriptional level by both FruR and CcpA and at the metabolic level by inducer exclusion. The FruR effector is fructose-1-phosphate (F1P), as shown by combined analysis of transcription and measurements of the intracellular F1P pools in mutants either unable to produce this metabolite or accumulating it. The regulation of the fru operon by FruR requires four adjacent 10-bp direct repeats. The well-conserved organization of the fru promoter region in various low-GC gram-positive bacteria, including CRE boxes as well as the newly defined FruR motif, suggests that the regulation scheme defined in L. lactis could be applied to these bacteria. Transcriptome profiling of fruR and fruC mutants revealed that the effect of F1P and FruR regulation is limited to the fru operon in L. lactis. This result is enforced by the fact that no other targets for FruR were found in the available low-GC gram-positive bacteria genomes, suggesting that additional phenotypical effects due to fructose metabolism do not rely directly on FruR control, but rather on metabolism.

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Wagner, Stephen C., Horace D. Skipper, and Peter G. Hartel. "Medium to study carbon utilization by Bradyrhizobium strains." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41, no. 7 (July 1, 1995): 633–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m95-085.

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Literature on the utilization of C sources by cowpea Bradyrhizobium strains is difficult to interpret because the media employed often contained other sources of C in addition to the C source being tested. In addition, culture incubation periods varied widely. We modified a complex medium to contain a minimal amount of yeast extract (10 mg/L); the yeast extract provided adequate growth factors but was inadequate as a C source. Eight cowpea bradyrhizobia strains were inoculated into this modified medium containing 1 of 16 different C sources for incubation periods of 7, 10, and 14 days at 28 °C. After 14 days of incubation, most of the strains grew with six hexoses (fructose, galacturonic acid, gluconate, glucose, mannitol, and rhamnose), two pentoses (arabinose and xylose), and four other compounds (malate, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, and yeast extract) as C sources; no strains were able to grow on two disaccharides (lactose and trehalose) and two other C sources (citrate and nicotinic acid). Large differences in growth were observed for fructose, γ-aminobutyric acid, malate, mannitol, and rhamnose between 7 and 14 days incubation. Because of the possibility of false negatives, our data suggest that the strains should be grown in a medium low in yeast extract over a long instead of a short incubation time.Key words: bradyrhizobia, metabolism, C source, growth.

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Bird, P. H., and P. E. Hartmann. "Changes in the concentration of fructose in the blood of piglets of different ages after doses of fructose, fructose plus glucose, and sucrose." British Journal of Nutrition 76, no. 3 (September 1996): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19960045.

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We investigated the hydrolysis of sucrose in the small intestine and the subsequent absorption and metabolism of fructose in sucking piglets by measuring temporal changes in the concentration of fructose in the plasma following the administration of physiological amounts of these carbohydrates. Calculations of the area under the curve for fructose in the plasma showed that there was no age limit to the piglets'ability to absorb fructose. However, there was a limit to the amount of fructose that the younger piglets could get from a dose of sucrose. Indeed, we demonstrated that there was a positive linear correlation between a piglet's capacity to hydrolyse sucrose and the age of the piglet up to 15 d of age (r 0·98).The half-life for fructose was 495, 103, 38, 49 and 28 min in 2-, 5-, 7-, 10- and 15-d-old piglets respectively and, thus, there was only limited utilization of fructose in the younger piglets. However, there were 13·0- and 1·4-fold increases in the elimination rate of fructose from the plasma of piglets from 2 to 7 d and from 7 to 15 d respectively, consistent with the reported increase in the deposition of fat in piglets of a similar age range. Hence, the effective metabolism of fructose may bepartially dependent on the amount of adipose tissue present and the phosphorylation of this monosaccharide by hexokinase (EC 2·7·1·1) in this tissue.

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Ellwood, K. C., C. Chatzidakis, and M. L. Failla. "Fructose Utilization by the Human Intestinal Epithelial Cell Line, Caco-2." Experimental Biology and Medicine 202, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3181/00379727-202-43556.

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Kornberg, Hans. "If at first you don’t succeed…fructose utilization by Escherichia coli." Advances in Enzyme Regulation 42 (January 2002): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2571(01)00038-3.

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Koivisto, V. A., M. Harkonen, S. L. Karonen, P. H. Groop, R. Elovainio, E. Ferrannini, L. Sacca, and R. A. Defronzo. "Glycogen depletion during prolonged exercise: influence of glucose, fructose, or placebo." Journal of Applied Physiology 58, no. 3 (March 1, 1985): 731–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.58.3.731.

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We examined the influence of various carbohydrates of fuel homeostasis and glycogen utilization during prolonged exercise. Seventy-five grams of glucose, fructose, or placebo were given orally to eight healthy males 45 min before ergometer exercise performed for 2 h at 55% of maximal aerobic power (VO2max). After glucose ingestion, the rises in plasma glucose (P less than 0.01) and insulin (P less than 0.001) were 2.4- and 5.8-fold greater than when fructose was consumed. After 30 min of exercise following glucose ingestion, the plasma glucose concentration had declined to a nadir of 3.9 +/- 0.3 mmol/l, and plasma insulin had returned to basal levels. The fall in plasma glucose was closely related to the preexercise glucose (r = 0.98, P less than 0.001) and insulin (r = 0.66, P less than 0.05) levels. The rate of endogenous glucose production and utilization rose similarly by 2.8-fold during exercise in fructose group and were 10–15% higher than in placebo group (P less than 0.05). Serum free fatty acid levels were 1.5- to 2-fold higher (P less than 0.01) after placebo than carbohydrate ingestion. Muscle glycogen concentration in the quadriceps femoris fell in all three groups by 60–65% (P less than 0.001) during exercise. These data indicate that fructose ingestion, though causing smaller perturbations in plasma glucose, insulin, and gastrointestinal polypeptide (GIP) levels than glucose ingestion, was no more effective than glucose or placebo in sparing glycogen during a long-term exercise.

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Galeote, Virginie, Maïté Novo, Madalena Salema-Oom, Christian Brion, Elisabete Valério, Paula Gonçalves, and Sylvie Dequin. "FSY1, a horizontally transferred gene in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC1118 wine yeast strain, encodes a high-affinity fructose/H+ symporter." Microbiology 156, no. 12 (December 1, 2010): 3754–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.041673-0.

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Transport of glucose and fructose in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae plays a crucial role in controlling the rate of wine fermentation. In S. cerevisiae, hexoses are transported by facilitated diffusion via hexose carriers (Hxt), which prefer glucose to fructose. However, utilization of fructose by wine yeast is critically important at the end of fermentation. Here, we report the characterization of a fructose transporter recently identified by sequencing the genome of the commercial wine yeast strain EC1118 and found in many other wine yeasts. This transporter is designated Fsy1p because of its homology with the Saccharomyces pastorianus fructose/H+ symporter Fsy1p. A strain obtained by transformation of the V5 hxt1-7Δ mutant with FSY1 grew well on fructose, but to a much lesser extent on glucose as the sole carbon source. Sugar uptake and symport experiments showed that FSY1 encodes a proton-coupled symporter with high affinity for fructose (K m 0.24±0.04 mM). Using real-time RT-PCR, we also investigated the expression pattern of FSY1 in EC1118 growing on various carbon sources. FSY1 was repressed by high concentrations of glucose or fructose and was highly expressed on ethanol as the sole carbon source. The characteristics of this transporter indicate that its acquisition could confer a significant advantage to S. cerevisiae during the wine fermentation process. This transporter is a good example of acquisition of a new function in yeast by horizontal gene transfer.

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Phillips, M. I., and D. R. Davies. "The mechanism of guanosine triphosphate depletion in the liver after a fructose load. The role of fructokinase." Biochemical Journal 228, no. 3 (June 15, 1985): 667–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2280667.

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A Sephadex G-25 filtrate of a 100 000g supernatant of rat liver homogenate was shown to be able to phosphorylate fructose, with GTP as the phosphate donor. Attempts to separate ATP- and GTP-dependent fructokinase activities failed, indicating that there is a single enzyme able to use both nucleotides. With a partially purified enzyme, Km values for fructose of 0.83 and 0.56 mM were found with ATP and GTP as substrates respectively. Km values of 1.53 and 1.43 mM were found for GTP and ATP respectively. Both ADP and GDP inhibited the GTP- and ATP-dependent fructokinase activity. We conclude that the depletion of hepatic GTP caused by intravenous administration of fructose to mice and rats can be explained simply by the utilization of the nucleotide by fructokinase.

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Heinrich, D., and D. Hess. "Chemotactic attraction of Azospirillum lipoferum by wheat roots and characterization of some attractants." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-007.

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Media from the in vitro association of wheat and Azospirillum lipoferum and from wheat plants alone proved to be chemotactically active. Medium from wheat plants showed a higher attraction than medium from the association. The main attractants were sucrose, glucose, and fructose. In mineral medium without any added sugars, and in association medium with sucrose supplied, and from wheat roots alone, a sucrose excretion and an active invertase were detected. By cleaving sucrose the chemotactic potential increased. Sucrose can not be metabolized by A. lipoferum, whereas glucose and fructose are. Utilization of glucose and fructose by the bacteria may explain why medium from the association wheat–Azospirillum was less chemotacticaly active than medium from wheat plants alone. Cleavage of sucrose has the additional effect of providing energy sources for bacterial growth and dinitrogen fixation.

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Hapeta, Piotr, Patrycja Szczepańska, Tadeusz Witkowski, Jean-Marc Nicaud, Anne-Marie Crutz-Le Coq, and Zbigniew Lazar. "The Role of Hexokinase and Hexose Transporters in Preferential Use of Glucose over Fructose and Downstream Metabolic Pathways in the Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 9282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179282.

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The development of efficient bioprocesses requires inexpensive and renewable substrates. Molasses, a by-product of the sugar industry, contains mostly sucrose, a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose, both easily absorbed by microorganisms. Yarrowia lipolytica, a platform for the production of various chemicals, can be engineered for sucrose utilization by heterologous invertase expression, yet the problem of preferential use of glucose over fructose remains, as fructose consumption begins only after glucose depletion what significantly extends the bioprocesses. We investigated the role of hexose transporters and hexokinase (native and fructophilic) in this preference. Analysis of growth profiles and kinetics of monosaccharide utilization has proven that the glucose preference in Y. lipolytica depends primarily on the affinity of native hexokinase for glucose. Interestingly, combined overexpression of either hexokinase with hexose transporters significantly accelerated citric acid biosynthesis and enhanced pentose phosphate pathway leading to secretion of polyols (31.5 g/L vs. no polyols in the control strain). So far, polyol biosynthesis was efficient in glycerol-containing media. Moreover, overexpression of fructophilic hexokinase in combination with hexose transporters not only shortened this process to 48 h (84 h for the medium with glycerol) but also allowed to obtain 23% more polyols (40 g/L) compared to the glycerol medium (32.5 g/L).

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fructose utilization'

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