Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Frontières – Afrique du Nord'
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Delmote, Gilles. "Ponts et frontières entre Espagne et monde arabe." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081584.
Full textDellal, Abou-El-Kacim. "L' eau et la frontière au Maghreb : "vers une culture de la paix" bleue." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10114.
Full textThe problematic exploitation of border-line rivers, the use of underground water sources in the Lower Sahara and the pollution of cross-border waterways are issues currently of great importance in the Maghreb. The present study, which addresses the questions globally by using an integrated approach, aims to clarify and broaden our knowlegge of the matter in the hope of resolving these shared problems, encouraging a rational managment of such rare and unstable resources and establishing more active co-operation. Tackling the question of water appears indispensable if peace is to be maintained an consolidated in the region
Yara, Ali Omar. "La question sahraouie et la mutation stratégique du Maghreb." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100032.
Full textThis thesis is meant to give an overall view of the logic and specificity as well as the scope of the political events encompassed in the conflict as regards the Sahraou question. This approach takes into account a more general view of the Maghreb's political process, with special emphasis on the dynamics of the regional alliances, and more specifically the Sahraoui conflict is analyzed through the overall conflictual situation within the Maghreb, as well as the tactical activities deriving from it. The framework of this research is based on the political events of the past twenty years associated to a descriptive and critical outlook concerning the majority of the events. Moreover, this work in a very large part covers the paradigms on wich this research is based as well as a comparative analytical and critical outlook on the theories and schools behind these paradigms. A strategic disinstrumentalized approach and the political action process have been privileged in this multidisciplinary study in order for it to stand out as against the classical political science and thus grasp Maghreb's conflictuality. In addition to a comprehensive bibliography, this thesis is enhanced by a methodoligical appendix which proposes a critical listing of the theories behind the societal dynamic of the Maghreb which presents itself as the background to the regional strategic mutation
Pinauldt, Géraldine. "L'or vivant des Somali : des frontières, des troupeaux et des hommes face à la mondialisation des normes : un regard géopolitique sur les exportations de bétail de la Corne de l'Afrique." Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA084124.
Full textBetween 1998 and 2009, Horn of Africa's main livestock importer, Saudi Arabia, imposed a ban on its livestock for sanitary reasons. Since 1991, all the states of the Horn of Africa underwent major territorial and political changes. Livestock trade being one of the main income source, it is an issue for direct or indirect territorial control at different scales. Somaliland, who disunited from Somalia in 1991, is a central element of this commercial system. Its port Berbera is used as an outlet for 80% of the exported livestock. With the introduction of new sanitary standards, and since Somaliland's very existence lies in opposition to persistent geopolitical representations, livestock trade becomes a tool used to destabilize Somaliland. Meanwhile, the introduction of those standards grants Ethiopia access to international fundings which can be used either to rebalance its territory to the east or to increase an unequal development which takes its roots in its stormy history with the Somali world. Globalisation of sanitary standards leads to new trade requirements whereas state regulations and territorial control have not yet been achieved in the region. The point of this thesis is to show how the requirements/constraints become tools that in turn serve geopolitical strategies born from sociospatial representations. Mobile Somali livestock traders' networked sociability enables them to keep a grip on the trade and its geopolitical translations. Acting as ties connecting the territories and the scales, the traders provide an understanding to the complex regional problematics
Huchon, Jean. "Intégration et conflits d'espaces - les dynamiques territoriales des Pokot (Nord-Ouest du Kenya)." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00458294.
Full textFedangai, Jean. "Genèse et évolution des frontières africaines contemporaines : les frontières de l'Afrique équatoriale française, 1885-1945." Aix-Marseille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX10023.
Full textZniber, Omar. "Succession d'États et traités de frontières terrestres en Afrique." Paris 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA020051.
Full textDrine, Ali. "Les cereres en afrique du nord." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040188.
Full textDrine, Ali. "Les Cereres en Afrique du Nord." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597288j.
Full textHien, Pierre Claver. "Le jeu des frontières en Afrique occidentale : cent ans de situations conflictuelles au Burkina Faso actuel (1886-1986)." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010614.
Full textUntil the European intervention, the pre-colonial geopolitics of the country forming the present time Burkina Faso (ex-upper volta) permitted to identify powerful kingdoms in the east and "stateless" socities in the west. Borders were delimitted by the hydrography and relief elements or by magico-religious methods and equalled to among other things the scope of a king's autority, the scope of a chief or a landlord of a village. For the various groups, conflicts were a ground for looting, a regulator of the established internal order and of the politico-military relations at a sub-regional scale. The creation of the colony of upper volta in 1919 resulted in an international franco-british boundary (upper volta-gold coast) and in colonial borders which were just simple administrative boundaries. The creation of the territorial state centred on the former mossi kingdoms gave rise to conflicting situations in connection with either the world conflicts or with the delation of the colony of upper volta from 1932 to 1947. Concurrently, the populations, devided by the border lines, got refuge among the british or were defrauding and smuggling at the border and this never caused an armed conflict. From 1960, Burkina Faso became independent and its six boundaries became state borders. Border conflicts with rather complex causes opposed Burkina Faso to Ghana in 1964 and to Mali in 1974 and 1985. However, the present time borders remain a reality well illustrated by the absence of separatism in a country which accounts more than 60 ethnical groups
Jabri, Tarik. "Approche régionale du développement du tourisme au Maroc." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP1033.
Full textThe structuring of the Moroccan tourism covers five major components : 1. Tourism situation in Morocco before 1965, when we witness the true birth of tourism policy. 2. Factors that influenced the emergence of a tourism policy in Morocco. 3. The central role of government in tourism development in Morocco. 4. The role of the World Bank in the implementation of tourism policy in Morocco and its financing. 5. Partnership between the public and private evidenced by the establishment of a contract program 2001-2010. Until then, tourism planning in Morocco was part of a top-down logic. However, the implementation of a tourism strategy as that of Morocco must inevitably involve not only the concern of macroeconomic development, but also regional and local development of tourism in the framework of a regionalization of tourism planning. The objective set for this research is to propose a rigorous and effective regional planning of tourism, included as part of regional governance that involve organization as a partnership regional / national, local / regional, public / private, quality and mutual trust. Also, in view to the successful development of tourism, it is essential to have qualified personnel in all areas of the tourism sector to provide the quality services expected by tourists where the need for up an approach to human resource management within the hotel and tourist establishments
Farès, Nabile. "La théorie anthropologique au Maghreb : le cas de la littérature maghrébine de langue française : recherches de psycho-sociologie de la connaissance." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100088.
Full textThe problem of a maghrebian literature written in French must be approach from a reflexion of cultural anthropology. An analysis of the mutation from an oral literature to a written literature in Maghreb. Acculturation is analysed here as a fundamental concept of social change. The writings of Cl. Levi-Strauss -" anthropologie structural I et II - the studies of Tylor, Lowie, and closer to us Kroebar's studies allow one (in relation with the other discipline- linguistics, semantics, psychoanalysis-) to define a methodology of literary production related to an anthropological trajectory. Diachrony and synchrony; syntagmatic and paradigmatic movements make it possible to produce a transversal and or structural reading and interpretation of literary works; they also allow one to have a good grasp of the historical emergence of the development of this literatures. It is in this sense that Flaubert'work, the birth of a literature of strangeness, colonial literature and a literature in French language could be explained. Freud's writings as the "uncanniness" and "anxiety and drive" will be taken guidelines for a pragmatic of e symbolic anthropology of cultural creation. The literary text, in its analysis, send us back to an analysis of culture. It’s what determines our semiotical analysis of Flaubert, Louis Bertrand, and in Maghreb : M. Feraoun, D. Chraibi, Y. Kateb, A. Medded, A. Khatibi. . . A crucial reference in this study is made to the works - as a epistemology of literary production - to the works of R. Jakobson, C. S. Peirce, J. Lacan, T. Todorov, P. Kaufmann
Mallèvre, François. "Les politiques constitutionnelles au maghreb : essai d'interpretation." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1999VERS1009.
Full textBoucherdakh, Tahar. "La vie sexuelle de l'homme maghrebin. Approche psychologique des motivations inconscientes de la representation negative de la femme chez le maghrebin." Toulouse 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU20054.
Full textThe north african man has a negative image of the woman. This image is bound to two essential elements : an unconscious fear of dependence of the wife combined with an unconscious feeling of virile precariousness. This two components are rooted in the type of relationship between mother and son, and the social and familial organization in which he lives. In fact during his childhood, the north african man is faced with a number of maternal frustrations and disappointments which will leave their marks on his psyche. So he will develop a bad image of his mother which will be projected onto his own wife as maternal substitute because of a fear of castration and a feeling of guilt. The unconscious feeling of precariousness which originates in the phallic phase, has for main basis the fear of castration and for expression the anguish of the small size of the penis
Taraud, Christelle. "Prostitution et colonisation : Algérie, Tunisie, Maroc, 1830-1960." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010641.
Full textAlexandropoulos, Jacques. "Les monnayages africains des origines aux Flaviens : introduction aux monnayages antiques de l’Afrique du nord." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040229.
Full textThe study contains a catalogue of the African coinage from the beginning to the death of the king Ptolemy of Mauretania and an analysis of the economical, political and cultural aspects of this coinage. So appear some aspects of the integration of North Africa in the Greco Roman world
Papi, Stéphane. "La pérennité de l'islam et l'influence occidentale dans l'ordre juridique au Maghreb (Algérie, Libye, Maroc, Mauritanie, Tunisie)." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0009.
Full textThe judicial order of Maghrebi's countries is characterised by an imitation of the laws of the ex - metropolis and by the growing influence of neo - liberal rules of a western nature. The translations of this exogenous law accentuates its shortcomings while the perennality of islam is a significant reality. States use for various ends, its strong legitimizing capacity and the legal relationships between individuals are still impregnated by it. Political and legal evolution to come cannot occur without islam, a modern interpretation of the Char'ia could favorise the emergence of a modernity at the same time endogenous and open to the world, accepted by the people for whom the religious variable remains central
Medoulou, Ambiaga. "La région frontalière du nord Gabon - sud Cameroun : perspectives d'aménagement et d'intégration." Reims, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REIML010.
Full textLe, Houérou Henri-Noël. "Recherches biogéographiques sur les steppes du Nord de l'Afrique." Montpellier 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON30018.
Full textTHIS WORK IS A SYNTHESIS ON THE BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE ARID STEPPE LAND OF NORTHERN AFRICA FROM THE SUEZ CANAL TO THE ATLANTIC OCEAN; IT INCLUDES THE AUTHOR'S research AND NUMEROUS PUBLICATIONS ON THE SUBJECT (SOME 130 PAPERS AND BOOKS) CARRIED OUT OVER A PERIOD OF SOME 40 YEARS. THE BOOK IS 450 PAGES LONG AND CONTAINS THE MAIN FOLLOWING CHAPTERS: INTRODUCTION, GENERAL PROBLEMS, FLORISTIC AND PHYTOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE ARID STEPPE LAND, REFERENCES (550), FIGURES (13), PHOTOS VI TABLES OF APPENDIX (137P. ) ON THE GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF MAMMALS, BIRDS, REPTILES AND PLANTS ON GEOGRAPHIC, WATER STRESS TOLERANCE AND COLD TOLERANCE CRITERIA. THE AREA CONCERNED INCLUDES THE ARID ZONE OF THE 5 COUNTRIES OF NORTHERN AFRICA: EGYPT, LIBYA, TUNISIA, ALGERIA AND MOROCCO, OR PART OF THEM, LYING BETWEEN THE 100 AND 400 MM OF MEAN ANNUAL RAINFALL ISOLINES. THE WORK INCLUDES A SYNTHETIC AND AN ANALYTIC PART. THE SYNTHETIC DESCRIPTIVE PART INCLUDES THE DELIMITATION AND SUBDIVISIONS OF THE STEPPIC ZONE ON ECOCLIMATIC, PHYOTGEOGRAPHIC, ZOO GEOGRAPHIC AND AGRONOMICAL CRITERIA OF PLANTS ANIMALS AND CROP DISTRIBUTION. THE ANALYTICAL PART IS A REVIEW OF PLANT AND ANIMAL DISTRIBUTION, THEIR BIOGEOGRAPHICLE KINSHIP WITH SIMILAR AREAS OF SPAIN, THE NEAR EAST, THE SAHARA AND THE ARABIAN PENINSULA. THIS PART IS QUITE ORIGINAL; IT SHOWS , IN DETAIL, THE EVIDENCE OF AN IBERO MAGHREBIAN ELEMENT OF PHYTOCHORIA, EQUIVALENT TO THE NEAR EASTERN IRONA-TOURANIAN ELEMENT, BOTH. .
Lamchichi, Abderrahim. "La contestation islamiste des pouvoirs politiques au Maghreb." Amiens, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AMIE0004.
Full textThis research tries to analyze the phenomenon of the rise of Islamism in the Maghreb of today : the socio-economic and political conditions of its growth, its settling areas, the results of its teaching and its action upon the politicoreligious tendencies of the political regimes involved. Thus, its purpose is to explain the dialectic of the relationships between religion and politics, and of the different disputes within the politico-religious area. Choosing the Maghreb issue has enabled us to compare three types of political regimes (Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria) which have set up their strategies of politico-religious recognition and establishment of Islamism in very different ways. The analysis of the different governments' reactions to the movements of radical islamism has enabled us to build up a comparative typology of the three political regimes of the maghreb
Sénéchal, Antoine. "Par-delà le déclin et l’échec, une histoire aux confins de la Monarchie Hispanique : le préside d’Oran et de Mers el-Kébir des années 1670 aux années 1700." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0032.
Full textConquered by the Hispanic Monarchy at the very beginning of the 16th century, the places of Oran and Mers el-Kébir hosted an original border experience at the gates of the Maghreb. From its early moments to the present days, that presidio has been suffering from an ambiguous and biased consideration. Indeed, several historic records and the predominant historiographical discourses have both strengthened the solution of the concepts of decline, failure, crisis or obsolescence to describe and analyze the Hispanic undertaking and experience in Oran and the more general situation of the Spanish Empire at the turn of the 17th and 18th century. Everything would have been said then; there would be no need to linger deeply over what happened after that chronological turn.The first purpose of work consists in decrypting the scientific principles, the creation of hierarchies or the bias more ideological on which these discourses have been based, in order to unveil the filters laid upon the history of the presidio of Oran and Mers el-Kébir. A correlation and an entanglement, far from being insignificant, can in that case be perceived between the discourses about Spain or the Hispanic Monarchy, about the Mediterranean and about North Africa which defend the idea of a crisis or a decline since the end of the 16th century. An investigation freed from those filters has been undertaken mainly among the Spanish archives and libraries, in the light of the more or less recent historiographical advances which discuss the established knowledge about the Mediterranean, the Hispanic Monarchy, the North-African societies or the great Islamic powers of the Early Modern times. The pieces of archives read provide other accounts than decline, failure or crisis.From the zenith of the first Hispanic occupation of Oran and Mers el-Kébir, namely at the turn of the 17th and the 18th centuries, a period which has been quite avoided by the researches, this investigation suggests an alternative history first based on a Mediterranean (and Iberian-North-African) insight and then on an Hispanic one and based on conception of border situations and phenomena mindful of the effects of porosity and uncertainty. Contrary to most of the conclusions of the paradigm of the “occupation restreinte”, another image of the Hispanic border undertaking and experiences has been revealed. To go beyond the geographical and historiographical enclaving of that presidio, this investigation pays attention to the different manifestations and expansions of the “kingdom of Oran”, a wide human and material system into which entered the Hispanic project in West Algeria. Given the fundamental instability and uncertainty of that crossroad region of the Western Mediterranean, the Hispanic Monarchy under Charles II of Habsburg and Philippe V of Bourbon, itself subjected to the vicissitudes of a long and jolting resilience, embarked on a project of border domination which had been adjusted to its own resources and to the circumstances endured. Far from being anachronistic and incoherent, that border project deserves a deeper analysis of its results. So that the presidio of Oran and Mers el-Kébir had never been abandoned nor isolated from the Spanish Empire. To that extent, this investigation suggests a first approach of the galaxy of the varied forces compromised in the conservation of the presidio until the defeat during the siege of 1707-1708
Gaudin, Anne. "L'équité et les délimitations maritimes et terrestres en Afrique." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR1D013.
Full textThe african continent is an exemple of problems of integration or equity in law and specially in international law. Maritime delimitations in africa are based on equity, through an autonomous corpus of equitable principles elaborated by the judge. African states have restrained the use of equity for terrestrial boundaries by the adoption of the rule of territorial statu quo. However, the difficulties of application of the uti possidetis principle have lead the judge to a still restrained use of equity
Sichet, Sandra. "La magie en Afrique du Nord sous l'Empire Romain." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT3024.
Full textPelizzari, Elisa. "Possession et thérapie : analyse comparée du culte saar, Somalie." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0074.
Full textThis thesis presents some anthropological data concerning a family of spirit possession cults, the saar one (mingis, boorane or sheekh xussen, lumbi, sharax and wadaaddo). These cults are widespread among cushitic-speaking people of somalia, north-eastern kenya and southern ethiopia (somali and oromo) and among the "lowcaste" groups of central somalia (jareer, boon and reer-manyo). The study is centred on the cults origin myths, on the ritual practices and beliefs about spirits (saar or zar), and on possession as an individual experience. In fact, according to local traditions, illnesses and misfortunes are believed to be caused by the saar (or zar). These spirits are appeased ceremonially by specific sacrificial acts. During her inquieres the author has met the leaders who organize the ritual-setting and their patients (still living in their own countries or abroad, in exile)
Renard, Jean-Pierre. "Etude géographique des marges mitoyennes des régions Nord-Pas-de-Calais et Picardie : la contribution de limites territoriales, autrefois frontalières, à la marginalisation d'espaces ruraux." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10012.
Full textHaine, Lydie. "Photographier le Maghreb : regards allogènes sur des sociétés et communautés indigènes (1850-1950)." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070070.
Full textThe European photos in the Maghreb between 1850 and 1950 represent a variety of images of North Africans. They inform us about the North Africans themselves, about the Europeans and, finally, about the relations between both populations in the context of the colonial Empire. The study of the conditions under which the photos were realized shows in particular the influences of the other media on the construction of the photographic stereotypes (lascivious Moresque, Arabic rider). The diachronic analysis distinguishes three phases during which the North Africans stand out as subjects in the European photography (the exploration and the conquest, the colonial Empire, " the development "). The in-depth study of the photographic images, around themes (communities, children, women), gives the measure of the stakes bound to the demolition of the photographic image to reach the understanding of imagination. The mosaic of photos, established over a long period, allows for a more global vision of the Maghreb reality
Thébert, Yvon. "Thermes romains d'Afrique du Nord : études d'histoires et d'archéologie." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040274.
Full textThis doctoral thesis, entitled roman baths of North Africa, is structured in five parts. The first one sets out the problem of method, of architectural and historical nature. The second part deals with the making of bathing buildings, both public and private, or related to a gymnasium, during classic and Hellenistic periods, as well as to the invention of new technics of heating leading to the creation of a new type of bath building. The third part is a catalogue of roman baths in North Africa, collecting scattered data in bibliography and results of our field research. On these bases, the fourth part analyzes the African bath architectures, connecting them with the facts of economic and political history that we dispose of. In a selective way, the investigation is driven right into the middle age, so as to better seize the ruptures that have happened. The fifth part tries to prove the contribution of bath studies to urban history, and to seize the multiple functions taken on by these monuments, essential scenes of life in the city. A corpus of African latin inscriptions concerning baths closes the work
Bouakaze-Khan, Didier. "L'art rupestre de la corne de l'Afrique : étude globale dans son contexte archéologique et anthropologique : modèle d'interprétation." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010558.
Full textMontenay, Yves. "Démographie politique des pays arabes d'Afrique : la diffusion de la "transition démographique" dans le dernier quart du vingtième siècle : le rôle des facteurs politiques, culturels, religieux et historiques, et leurs interactions avec les évolutions démographiques." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040167.
Full textThis thesis deals with the survey of demographic transition in African Arabic countries, and the rationale of their successive milestones. The methods of political demography underline those main rationale: the exogen component of the decrease in mortality, the local ways of "women development", the failure of agriculture linked with a subsidized urbanization, the "individual openness" through emigration and media's revolution, and windfall oil (and others) profits. An historical and world-wide analysis, then focused on Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Egypt, makes the point that the "remote-remote" origin of the African Arabic demographic milestones is to be found in "openness", mainly through the choice of the political and economical national system. A comparative analysis of demographic indicators, as well as of the above mentioned rationale, including linguistic and religious problems, confirms the prime role of "openness" and describes its interactions with the demographic process. These interactions may well result in a significant drop of the natural increase rate within the end of the century
Pérennès, Jean-Jacques. "L'eau, les paysans et l'état : la question hydraulique dans les pays du Maghreb." Grenoble 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE21013.
Full textMaghrib is facing an alimentary challenge never known before in its history: how to feed a population doubling in number each twenty years, whereas the agricultural potentialities are under strong restraints (exiguous soils; fluctuating climate) despite the emergency of an agricultural revolution, the efforts towards an intensive agriculture since two decades are very far from the expected results. This research is an attemps to evaluate the hydro-agricultural policies in morocco, algeria and tunisia. However any evaluation in this case ought to be moderate: the small scale of cropping intensity on the large schemes cannot overshadow some localised successes. Yet it remains true that the maghribean peasants are not still ready to adhere massively to the promoting program set up ty the states. Hence this research will try to establish what is due to the milieu (aridity, climatic fluctuations. . . ) and what is traceable to history (the weight of colonial choices, the influence of the bureau d'etudes). Yet the first concern here is to show how the main options taken by the states lead to a social and technical dynamic hardly compatible with the peasantry's motivation, by rather serve other interests. At the end of a comparative evaluation of hydro-agricultural policies in the three countries, the study ends on some propositions which put the emphasis not on technics, but on the socio-political. .
Galley, Kossi Kouma Elavagno. "Le règlement juridictionnel des différends territoriaux en Afrique." Toulouse 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU10052.
Full textFrégosi, Franck. "Les rapports de l'état et de la religion au Maghreb (Algérie - Tunisie) : introduction à la sécularisation des institutions dans le monde musulman." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX32047.
Full textRaissouni, Omar. "Financement et ajustement des comptes extérieurs : (étude centré sur les pays du Maghreb, 1974-1984)." Paris 13, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA131000.
Full textThis study has shown, at last that the deconnexion of the external constraint from the internal ajustments, due to international indebtedness, has rapidily reached limits. These limits have forced the ldc's to adjust drastically their external accounts in order to adapt their needs to their importation capacity. Consequently, their economic growth have been affected negatively. In the maghreb countries, the limits of indebtedness have obliged these countries, one after the other, to adopt different adjustment policies. Morocco which has been the most affected by negative external chocs, has been also the first con fronted to the adjustment. The adjustment policies applied by these countries, have succeeded to reduce their external imbalances, but their economic growth as well as the living standard of the population, were notably affected, particularily in morocco were the adjustment has been the most drastic. In spite of that, the indebtedness level of these countries remain high. Consequently, the adjustment effort should be maintained, but this adjustment should be selective : elimination of wastes, wrestling against fiscal fraud and escape, reduction of expenses that have little effect of stimulating economic activity, particulary import-competing and exported oriented industries, finally increase of direct taxes contribution to the government revenues. More fundamentaly, however, in order to avoid deflationary adjustments and prepare the conditions of a sustainable growth in the long, these countries must elaborate a new policy of international insertion and engage in that way a structural adjustment process : exploration of the possibilites of new manufacturing exports development, stimulation of food production (above all cereals), development of local equipment goods production in order to break down the gearing between increase of industrial production and increase more then proportionally of equipment goods imports
Lesur, Joséphine. "Exploitation de la diversité faunique et début du pastoralisme dans la corne de l'Afrique à l'Holocène : première approche archéozoologique régionale." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010561.
Full textHeurley, Jennifer. "Les frontière internes et externes de l'Irlande du Nord : logiques territoriales et recomposition d'un espace conflictuel." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040199.
Full textThe Irish border is the materialisation of the conflicting relationships between two communities with different ambitions and claims. The partition of Ireland transferred these antagonisms into a confined territory leading to an ethnic conflict in the six counties. Therefore, the wide and long term segregation process which took place at the scale of Ireland continued to develop at the scale of Northern Ireland. A network of limits, more or less materialised, have appeared in urban areas as a result of this process. In this context, the cross-border co-operation may appear problematic. Between 1973 and 1994, the border crystallised the competitive goals of Anglo-Irish politics (more control) and economic objects of the EEC (less control). Since 1994, the peace process tends to make these competitive goals converge to an enhancement of cross-border co-operation. But if the border gets more and more porous, the internal fractures seem here to stay, asking the question of the cross-community reconciliation process
Pauvros, Mélanie. "Les politiques locales d'immigration : un redéploiement des frontières de l'état." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070072.
Full textThis research explores local government officials' practices regarding foreigners in a context of nationalization and Europeanization of immigration policy. It is at once a sociological analysis of local actors, an analysis of local immigration public policies and a philosophical study of political action. Its goal is to evaluate the impact of the State's attempt to harmonize criteria according to which foreigners are to be excluded or accepted on French soil, specifically in the Nord-Pas de Calais region, where the European Schengen area ends. At a time when the State's sovereignty is questioned by supra-national institutions and movements, this study shows how this global evolution creates policy space for new local actors, who take an increasing part in the definition of national immigration policy. Based on a sociological survey conducted during three and a half years in six communities in the Nord-Pas de Calais, it sheds the light on the emergence of local immigration policies and practices that question sovereign boundaries. Political action thus reappears at the heart of the biopolitical chain established by the State
Ouachour, Fatima. "Le métissage culturel en Afrique du Nord ancienne : approches conceptuelles." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT3016.
Full textThe ancient North Africa is a place where were different cultures met each other and as result new cultures emerged. The interculturality and the cultural mixing are therefore a secular practice deeply rooted in the History and Cllltllre of North Africa. Penetration, interpenetration, mixture, hybridization, mixing : how were all these processes conceptualised in contemporany Historiography, and in the analysis of ancient sources ?
Charbonnier, Jacques. "Origines et développements des pratiques d'assurance en Afrique du Nord." Lyon 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO33007.
Full textCharbonnier, Jacques. "Origines et développements des pratiques d'assurances en Afrique du Nord /." Aix-en-Provence : Presses universitaires d'Aix-Marseille, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41153996w.
Full textMashimango, Abou-Bakr Abélard. "Transnationalisme éthnique, états et conflits armés : approches sociopolitiques de la bellicité dans la Corne de l'Afrique : 1961-2006." Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2010_in_matray_m.pdf.
Full textWars present a causal chain which introduces the question of the ethnicity and the formation of the State-nation. The conflicts in the Horn of Africa today are part of this register of the identity wars with international and transnational confrontations. Indeed, studying the phenomenon of contemporary African wars requires a historical, sociological and political analysis based on a multidisciplinary approach of polemology and a geopolitical culture which, at the same time, lead to the colonial and postcolonial African studies. It involves building a deepen reflection of the wars in the contemporary international system, while insisting on several units of analysis and, especially, the political sociology of various actors to overcome the common and simplified sense expressed by some conception to explain the nature of the wars which prevail in Horn of Africa. The interdependence between the national, the international and the transnational aspects proves the meaning to set reference marks. Our study focuses on the fundamentals aspects of the transnationalism approach, the theory of the ethnicity, the conflict studies and geopolitics
Escudier, Julie. "Le statut de la femme dans les droits maghrébins." Toulouse 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU10021.
Full textIn spite of political and sociological changes, the countries from North Africa remain marked by a dualistic legal context. The official right is sometimes a right attached with the respect of the divine law, sometimes a right which could be described as layman. The laws of the family, joined together within the Codes of the personal statute, are those of which the degree of emancipation compared to the divine law is the weakest. As for the civil, economic and political laws, their sources do not fit in the theological and cultural references but rather answer criteria marked with a universal thought of democratic invoice. The statute of the woman is thus located in this ambivalence between a private sphere regulated by a right in conformity with Islam and the Arabic and Moslem cultural identities and a respectful public sphere of the equality of the genders. In spite of the pression of the militants of the women's rights and the international organizations in load of promotion of the elimination of the gender’s discriminations, the North African countries, to differing degree, maintain uneven family legislations marked with patriarchate. The statutory condition of the women from North Africa thus takes place in this “legal schizophrenia”. To release them from this statute of inferiorisation, it is advisable to remove the persistent textual inequalities but also to follow a true policy of the chances man-woman in order to lead still phallocratic mentalities to evolve to a universal concept of human rights
Souidi, Djamel. "Généalogie et pouvoir au Maghreb du IIe au VIIe siècle/VIIIe au XIIIe siècle." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010551.
Full textFrom the second to the seventh century h, eighth to the thirtenth century J. C. , berber dynasties came into power in the maghrig. The dynasty historiography convied a message which tried to legitimate the power. While in the tenth century, the banu ziri endowed themselves with a yemeni descent, during the twelfth to the thirteenth century, the muwahhidun followed by the banu zayyan declared themselves as descendants from the prophet. The development within the genealogies led, on one part, to underline that the banu ziri, while refering to a yemeni descent, fitted into the struggles which opposed the various parties of the arab power, while on the other part, the following dynasties tended to the setting up of a caliphate power. The dynasty genealogies went with a speech which tried to justify the succession rules. Even though, berber tradition prefered the succession by the ancients, the dynasts commanded the succession by primogeniture. This way of handing over, which has been contested by the dynast family, was legitimated through the claim to the miracles which transcended tradition and made the founder enjoy of the ancestor virtues
Takehara, Yamada Yumiko. "Le conflit frontalier entre le Japon et la Russie dans les "Territoires du Nord" et ses conséquences sur les peuples concernés." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040120.
Full textIn the 18th century, Russia already posed a threat to Japan. The 19th century saw Japan sign to determine her borders with Russia. However Japan had entered into competition with Russia in Asia. Japan was defeated in 1945 and after the capitulation, the Russian army illegally occupied four islands and deported their inhabitants. In 1951, Japan signed a peace treaty. Since then, Japan bases its negotiations on this agreement, whereas Russia which never signed it refers only to the Yalta agreement which Japan never signed. This border problem proved to be a bone of contention in the Cold War. At the time of Eltsine, a solution to these problems seemed to be in sight, but for Poutine in the wake of Russia’s economic boom this was no longer a priority. When we listen to the accounts of the border people, we get a better understanding of the reality of the situation. But as history shows there is often a difference between the State’s and the people's point of view. After unsuccessful negotiations, why does the State not consider more carefully the border people's propositions? They are, for all intents and purposes, the first concerned
Belkaab, Mohammed. "Problèmes d'intégration économique maghrébine : prise de conscience et résistance des faits." Nancy 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN20001.
Full textIn the light of the first attempt at industrial integration, and the changing national, regional and international economic climate. The aim of this work is: - to put into question a number of perspectives on economic integration in the third world, especially in maghreb. - to reestablish existing relations betwen the economic theory of integration and the economic facts. Given the particular factors of the economic structures of the maghreb the theorical analysis of integration proves to be a special case of the economic theory of development. In reality economic integration does not provide a short time solution. That's why by reconsidering the regional grouping of the maghreb, we can avoid the narrow solutions provided by established forms of integration
Bouhsini, Sabah. "Die Rolle Nordafrikas (Marokko, Algerien, Tunesien) in den deutsch-französichen Beziehungen von 1950 bis 1962 /." Aachen : Shaker Verlag, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40928158z.
Full textSaadaoui, Lotfi. "Les modes de construction au Maghreb médiéval d'après la pratique et les textes juridiques." Paris, EPHE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EPHE4006.
Full textThe legal malékites sources of medieval period bring many information relative to the constructions. But what is their relevance confronted with the techniques of construction and with the archeological realities ? Our work tries to answer this question. A preliminary research on the construction of the legal rules revealed the existence of difference of view within the rite malékite. We are then attached to study the various constructive elements quoted in sources by confronting ceaselessly legal texts and material testimonies. Walls, openings and materials constitute an important part of our work which was also attached to the recommendations relative to the work hydraulics and in the management of waste water. So, through the legal sources and archeological observations it is a new image of the urban organization of the medieval Maghreb that is so proposed
Boussalâa, El Bekkay. "La notion de démocratie dans le discours "islamiste" du Maghreb." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA1082.
Full textAchouri, Isabelle. "Les Banū Hilāl : analyse structurale d'un nomadisme séculaire (du VIIème au XVIIème siècle)." Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20002.
Full textKrimi, Hajer. "La vie religieuse des civils dans les zones militaires de l'Afrique méridionale sous le Haut-Empire romain : etude épigraphique." Lyon 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO31017.
Full textLevisse-Touzé, Christine. "L'Afrique du Nord : recours ou secours ? : septembre 1939 - juin 1943." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010502.
Full textFrom sept. 1939 to june 1943, na is a resort and a relief a relief as far as human and economical resources are concerned, the essential supply of local forces. When in june 1940, na emerges as the ultimate resort to fight on, there is no choice but to admit that it neither disposes of the economical, industrial,nor of the necessary military meansz. From june 1940 to november 1942, it embolies all the hopes for revenge for the few gaullists, then for the african army and finally for the resistance fighters gathered around the five, who are working out the plans for the landing of the allies with murphy. From this point of view, na is neither the home country nor the whole empire. The establishment of german and italian control commissions after the armistice opens up a new with an effective propaganda amoung moslems. In the meantime, she is associated with its policy of collaboration with germany and italy by the vichy government. The english assault against mers El-Klebir, the fraticide syrian war, and an ambiguous policy enforced by weygand and juin involve dramatic consequences with the combats in the american landing. From 1942 onward, the geographical situation of the magrab grants is an essential position. Northern africa is then led to play an unprecedented part, as a strategic bridge head for the liberation of the national teritory. The victory of the tunisian campaign means the reassessment of french authority. Na constitutes a supply of men and a service area for the reorganization of the army under the care of the recoinciled french authorities. The creation of fnlc on june 3th 1943 iestablishes De Gaulle's growing influence. But na is also gradually won over by nationalism. The colonial stake is indeed the capital new data. Na undergoes a decisive political evolution