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Journal articles on the topic 'Frontier conflict'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2023

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1

Orlov, Y. "FRONTIER AS A CATEGORY OF CRIMINOLOGICAL DISCOURSE." Archives of Criminology and Forensic Sciences 1 (June 16, 2020): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/acfs.1.2020.08.

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The significance of frontiers has been actualizing in the modern world as border zones, in which there is a diffusion of social and group differences, interaction of cultures, narratives, clash of civilizations. These areas are filled with conflicts of diverse nature, genesis, reproduction of which often contains significant criminogenic potential, manifested frontal crime. They have not as much a physical spatial, geographical, as a socio-temporal dimension, the spaces of existence of which unfold in the sphere of discourse, thinking, and are provided with an extensive, global telecommunication infrastructure. The purpose of the article is to establish, describe and explain the content of the category «frontier» as an element of criminological discourse. The frontier is defined as a border and borderzone between cultures, epochs in the actual calendar, physical time; it is a place of active interaction, clash of civilizations, cultures; the opposition, determined by the state of struggle, implicitly presupposes expansion and protection, a state of hostility, anxiety, and sacrifice. Frontier crime is a type of crime determined by conflicts in the area of social frontiers. Specific evidence of committing frontal crime: 1) it’s a conflict of identities; 2) has a political and/or religious motivation, however security-dominant and solidarity motivation; 3) aggressive and violent in nature; 4) depends on historical and/or religious-dogmatic (fundamentalist) consciousness, relies on the mechanisms of postmemory, radicalized discourse, actualized memes, symbols. In the global dimension, the implementation of frontal crime is explained by the mechanisms of the development of conflict between cultures. In the national – there have been identified three types of frontier crime: transitive, immanent, and postmodern anomie. Operating the frontier as a category of criminological discourse provides opportunities for a deeper study of the determination of political crime in Ukraine, as well as for the development of strategies for general social development (including in the context of combating crime) taking into account the socio-cultural frontier. Perspective areas of criminological research of the frontier is the study of the influence of the border and cross-border on the promotion of extremism, terrorism, taking into account its importance while designing and implementing the concept of transitional justice, as well as the peculiarities of constitution of frontier identity as an anti-criminal basis.

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2

Rogers, T. D. "La Frontera: Forests and Ecological Conflict in Chile's Frontier Territory." Hispanic American Historical Review 95, no. 2 (January 1, 2015): 371–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2874800.

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3

Holmes, George. "La Frontera: Forests and Ecological Conflict in Chile's Frontier Territory." AAG Review of Books 3, no. 3 (July 3, 2015): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2325548x.2015.1050761.

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4

Soluri, John. "La Frontera: Forests and Ecological Conflict in Chile's Frontier Territory." Journal of Historical Geography 52 (April 2016): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2015.06.006.

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5

Barua, Taz. "Return of the Frontier." Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 42, no. 3 (August 2017): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0304375417753185.

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The colony in British India had at one time designed an inner line to distinguish two separate systems of administration for the frontier areas and the nonfrontier areas of colonial Northeast India. Constructing the frontiers as areas of strife and conflict and from which the nonfrontiers always needed to be secured, the British in creating the line made an instrument of policing the frontiers that has not only persisted but transgressed the colonial administrative structure into the postcolonial era. Although it was designed really for the protection of the nonfrontier areas of Assam from the raiding of the hill tribes of the frontier, in implementation the line prohibited non-natives of the frontiers from adopting interest in land or products of land located behind it. Contemporary movements demanding an inner line in three states of Northeast India have gone back to the idea of a line that divides the territory into two nonhomogenous areas, disallowing non-natives within the inner line from an extended involvement in the areas outside of the line, thus, refrontierizing themselves and giving them the peculiar characteristics of the frontier, wanting to lend themselves an exterior identity that is distinct from the identity of the regular nonfrontier territory in India.

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6

Gizelis, Theodora-Ismene, and Michelle Benson. "Advancing the Frontier of Peacekeeping Research." Journal of Conflict Resolution 63, no. 7 (July 8, 2019): 1595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002718821709.

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The impact of United Nations (UN) peacekeeping on conflict has received a sustained amount of attention in the empirical literature. The advent of new data on UN peacekeeping and new temporal units of analysis have enabled researchers to expand the frontiers of peacekeeping research and undertake a more nuanced examination of peacekeeping effectiveness. In this special section, a series of articles examine how UN peacekeeping affects different types of violence within conflicts and leads to different types of peaceful outcomes. Factors such as the cultural affinity between peacekeepers and local communities, the size of peacekeeping operations and the specific composition of UN forces are shown to be important variables associated with lower levels of casualties and violence and also a higher likelihood of mediation and timely peaceful settlements in civil wars. In the aggregate, these articles suggest that robust peacekeeping is associated with better outcomes in many stages of conflict.

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7

Young, Mary E. "Conflict Resolution on the Indian Frontier." Journal of the Early Republic 16, no. 1 (1996): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3124282.

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8

Barker, Bryce. "Massacre, Frontier Conflict and Australian Archaeology." Australian Archaeology 64, no. 1 (June 2007): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2007.11681844.

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9

Langer, Erick D. "The Eastern Andean Frontier (Bolivia and Argentina) and Latin American Frontiers: Comparative Contexts (19th and 20th Centuries)." Americas 59, no. 1 (July 2002): 33–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2002.0077.

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The epic struggles between Mexicans and the Apaches and Comanches in the far northern reaches of the Spanish empire and the conflict between gauchos and Araucanians in the pampas in the far south are the images the mind conjures up when thinking of Latin American frontiers. We must now add for the twentieth century the dense Amazon jungle as one of the last frontiers in popular (and scholarly) minds. However, these images ignore the eastern Andean and Chaco frontier area, one of the most vital and important frontier regions in Latin America since colonial times, today divided up into three different countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay) in the heart of the South American continent. This frontier region has not received sufficient attention from scholars despite its importance in at least three different aspects: First, the indigenous peoples were able to remain independent of the Creole states much longer than elsewhere other than the Amazon. Secondly, indigenous labor proved to be vitally important to the economic development along the fringes, and thirdly, a disastrous war was fought over the region in the 1930s by Bolivia and Paraguay. This essay provides an overview based on primary and secondary sources of the history of the eastern Andean frontier and compares it to other frontiers in Latin America. It thus endeavors to contribute to frontier studies by creating categories of analysis that make possible the comparisons between different frontiers in Latin America and placing within the scholarly discussion the eastern Andean region during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

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10

Kolås, Åshild. "Northeast Indian Enigmas." Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 42, no. 3 (August 2017): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0304375418761072.

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The standard frame of security studies is to view Northeast India as a site of multiple “ethnic conflicts.” In trying to unravel these conflicts, the focus has remained on the fault lines between the state and its alleged contenders, the region’s multiple nonstate actors. This special issue tries to look at the conflict scenario of Northeast India through a different set of lenses, in an effort to draw the focus away from the usual conflict histories, to direct attention toward the ideas that underpin the construction of Northeast India as a frontier zone and its people as “others,” both internally divided and divided from the Indian mainstream. The “tribal” movements of Northeast India, and the patterns of conflict associated with them, are well researched. What this issue explores is how and why tribal political projects are created and pursued, and how to understand these projects, whether as strategies of resistance and survival, identity politics, or rival projects of extraction and exploitation. What do we find when we look into the enigmatic frontier as a “zone of anomie,” a “sensitive space,” or a parapolitical scene that defies the taken-for-granted dichotomies between the state and nonstate?

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11

Akhtar, Zia. "Pushton Tribes, Frontier Regulations, and Conflict Resolution." Peace Review 28, no. 2 (April 2, 2016): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2016.1166791.

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12

Smith, Pam. "Frontier conflict: Ways of remembering contested landscapes." Journal of Australian Studies 31, no. 91 (January 2007): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443050709388124.

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13

Goldberg, Harvey E. "Jewries at the Frontier: Accommodation, Identity, Conflict." American Ethnologist 28, no. 2 (May 2001): 485–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ae.2001.28.2.485.

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14

Martland, Samuel. "Klubock, Thomas MillerLa Frontera: Forests and Ecological Conflict in Chile's Frontier Territory." History: Reviews of New Books 43, no. 4 (September 4, 2015): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2015.1032172.

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15

Sparks, Randy J., Thomas D. Clark, and John D. W. Guice. "Frontiers in Conflict: The Old Southwest, 1795-1830: Histories of the American Frontier." Journal of Southern History 57, no. 2 (May 1991): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2210430.

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16

Carvalho, André Cutrim. "EXPANSION STRATEGIES AND CAPITALIST DEVELOPMENT ON THE FRONTIER OF PARÁ: an analysis of the 1966 “Operation Amazon”." InterEspaço: Revista de Geografia e Interdisciplinaridade 5, no. 19 (January 20, 2020): 2020000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2446-6549.e2020000.

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ESTRATÉGIAS DE EXPANSÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO CAPITALISTA NA FRONTEIRA DO PARÁ: uma análise da “Operação Amazônia” de 1966EXPANSIÓN Y ESTRATEGIAS DE DESARROLLO CAPITALISTA EN LA FRONTERA DE PARÁ: un análisis de la “Operación Amazonia” de 1966ABSTRACTBetween 1966 and 1979, in an atmosphere of conflict, the frontier in the state of Pará was opened, through major agricultural and developmental projects that were benefited by the institutionalization of “Operation Amazon”. The central objective of the article is to investigate the dynamics of the penetration, occupation and advance of capital in and around the territory of the frontiers in Pará, the basis of which, as from the 1960s, was “Operation Amazon”. This choice of theme was made possible in that there was an apparent need to demonstrate the dynamics of expanding the frontier on capitalist bases. From a methodological viewpoint, the research was developed using a deductive approach, since it seeks to understand the historical foundations of the dynamics that established and expanded the frontier in Pará on capitalist bases; and, also, the inductive method, because it was considered essential to understand the particular, yet predominant, role of “Operation Amazon” within the context of capital development. In addition, the present work will make use of exploratory analysis and seek as much information as possible using the qualitative research technique. “Operation Amazon” demonstrated that the frontier is also a social relation of production, precisely because the structure of this society under construction - in a social, cultural and, particularly, economic perspective - across the territory in which it is expanding, despite suffering some resistance, is dominated by the logic of capital accumulation, as seen in the contemporary Brazilian Amazon.Keywords: Frontier; The State of Pará; “Operation Amazon”; Capital.RESUMONo Estado do Pará, a abertura da fronteira ocorreu de forma conflituosa, entre as décadas de 1966-1979, através dos grandes projetos agropecuários e desenvolvimentistas beneficiados pela institucionalização da “Operação Amazônia”. O objetivo fundamental do artigo é investigar a dinâmica de penetração, ocupação e avanço do capital no território de fronteira do Pará, tendo como base para isso a “Operação Amazônia” a partir da década de 60. A escolha do tema tornou-se possível na medida em que ficou explícita a necessidade de demonstrar a dinâmica de expansão da fronteira em bases capitalistas. Do ponto de vista metodológico, o método utilizado para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa envolve o método dedutivo, pois procura compreender os fundamentos históricos da dinâmica de consolidação e expansão da fronteira em bases capitalistas no Pará; e, também, o método indutivo porque considera imprescindível entender o papel particular, porém prepondente da “Operação Amazônia” no contexto de desenvolvimento do capital. Ademais, o presente trabalho fará uso de análise do tipo exploratória e buscará o maior número possível de informações utilizando a técnica de pesquisa do tipo qualitativa. A “Operação Amazônia” demonstrou que a fronteira é também uma relação social de produção, justamente porque a estrutura desta sociedade em construção – no âmbito social, cultural e, principalmente, econômico – no território em que a mesma está se expandido, mesmo sofrendo alguma resistência, é dominada pela lógica de acumulação do capital, como se vê contemporaneidade da Amazônia brasileira.Palavras-chave: Fronteira; Estado do Pará; “Operação Amazônia”; Capital.RESUMENEn el estado de Pará, la apertura de la frontera se produjo de manera conflictiva, entre las décadas de 1966-1979, a través de los grandes proyectos agrícolas y de desarrollo beneficiados por la institucionalización de la “Operación Amazonia”. El objetivo fundamental del artículo es investigar la dinámica de penetración, ocupación y avance del capital en el territorio fronterizo de Pará, teniendo como base para esto la “Operación Amazonia” de la década de 1960. La elección del tema se hizo posible en el en la medida en que se hizo explícita la necesidad de demostrar la dinámica de expandir la frontera en las bases capitalistas. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, el método utilizado para el desarrollo de esta investigación implica el método deductivo, ya que busca comprender los fundamentos históricos de la dinámica de consolidación y expansión de la frontera en las bases capitalistas en Pará; y, también, el método inductivo porque considera esencial comprender el papel particular, pero predominante, de la “Operación Amazonia” en el contexto del desarrollo del capital. Además, el presente trabajo utilizará análisis exploratorios y buscará la mayor cantidad de información posible utilizando la técnica de investigación cualitativa. La “Operación Amazonas” demostró que la frontera es también una relación social de producción, precisamente porque la estructura de esta sociedad en construcción – en el ámbito social, cultural y, principalmente, económico – en el territorio en el que se expande, incluso sufre algunos resistencia, está dominada por la lógica de la acumulación de capital, como se ve en la Amazonia brasileña contemporánea.Palabras clave: Frontera; Estado de Pará; “Operación Amazonia”; Capital.

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17

Carey, Mark. "La Frontera: Forests and Ecological Conflict in Chile’s Frontier Territory.By Thomas Miller Klubock." Environmental History 21, no. 1 (October 26, 2015): 140–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/envhis/emv123.

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18

Rausch, Jane M. "Thomas Miller Klubock. La Frontera: Forests and Ecological Conflict in Chile's Frontier Territory." American Historical Review 120, no. 3 (June 2015): 1082–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/120.3.1082.

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19

Kassirer, Jerome P. "Financial Conflict of Interest: an Unresolved Ethical Frontier." American Journal of Law & Medicine 27, no. 2-3 (2001): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s009885880001145x.

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Financial conflict of interest has become one of the most contentious issues in medicine today. Several decades ago studies disclosed that physicians who had investments in medical facilities were referring patients for more tests and procedures than physicians who had no such investments. More recently, physicians who forego expensive tests and treatments for patients have been accused of skimping on care for personal financial gain. Physicians who emphatically tout certain treatments have been criticized for possessing hidden financial ties to the manufacturer of the products. Some physicians engaged in clinical trials have been suspected of enrolling patients who do not strictly conform to the research protocols so that they can collect fees from contract research organizations. And in the aftermath of deaths and complications in gene therapy experiments, some scientists and their institutions have been criticized for possessing a financial stake in companies that are involved in the studies.

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20

Botscharow-Kamau, Lucy Jayne. "Neighbors: Harmony and Conflict on the Indiana Frontier." Journal of the Early Republic 11, no. 4 (1991): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3123354.

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21

Toll, William. "Jewries at the Frontier: Accommodation, Identity, Conflict (review)." American Jewish History 88, no. 2 (2000): 300–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ajh.2000.0042.

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22

Lydon, Jane. "Colonial “Blind Spots”: Images of Australian Frontier Conflict." Journal of Australian Studies 42, no. 4 (October 2, 2018): 409–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2018.1526816.

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23

Pratt, Rod, and Jeff Hopkins-Weise. "Redcoats in the 1840s Moreton Bay and New Zealand frontier wars." Queensland Review 26, no. 01 (June 2019): 32–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2019.6.

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AbstractThis article examines the significant place of the 99th (Lanarkshire) Regiment of Foot as part of the shared history of Australia and New Zealand through the 1840s and 1850s, including its role in frontier conflict with Aboriginal peoples in Queensland and Māori peoples in New Zealand. This preliminary comparison explores the role and experiences of detachments of the British Army’s 99th Regiment on three different colonial frontiers during the 1840s transitional period: the end of convict transportation and the opening of free settlement in Moreton Bay in 1842–48; the short-lived North Australia colony (later Gladstone) in 1847; and New Zealand’s North Island in 1845–47.

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24

TORRES CAÑETE, RODRIGO. "THOMAS MILLER KLUBOCK, La Frontera: Forests and Ecological Conflict in Chile 's Frontier Territory." Historia (Santiago) 47, no. 1 (June 2014): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-71942014000100016.

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25

Wright, Nancy E., and A. R. Buck. "Cross-cultural Conflict about Property Rights in Wild Animals in Australia: Law and Cinema." Law, Culture and the Humanities 16, no. 1 (January 11, 2016): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1743872115625625.

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Pierson v. Post is widely known to both jurists and law students in relation to the question of property rights in wild animals. This article builds on Pierson v. Post and its literature by analyzing the question of ferae naturae in the context of settler and indigenous conflict on the Australian frontier in the nineteenth century. By examining both case law and the cinematic representation of the conflict over property rights on the frontier, it is argued that an understanding of the legal issues relating to ferae naturae is enhanced by an appreciation of the complexity of cross-cultural communication.

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26

Stott, Graham St John. "Missouri Zion, Missouri Intifada: Mormonism, Zionism and the Palestine Conflict." Holy Land Studies 6, no. 1 (May 2007): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/hls.2007.0021.

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The roots of Palestinian-Israeli conflict are often thought to be essentially religious or nationalistic,but such accounts miss the juridical nature of the conflict's origins. The potential for conflict in diff erent understandings of law can be seen in a parallel to the Zionist immigration to Palestine: the Mormon movement to western Missouri. In Jackson County those who had come earlier to the frontier reacted violently to the Mormon threat to pre-emptive rights. In Palestine too, it is argued,the violence followed from differing concepts of legitimate land use, with (as in Missouri) one side relying on title and the other on custom.

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27

Swinbanks, David, Jeffrey Mervis, and Alison Abbott. "Conflict over scope of research splits Human Frontier programme." Nature 358, no. 6387 (August 1992): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/358527a0.

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28

Smith, David P. "Conscription and Conflict on the Texas Frontier, 1863-1865." Civil War History 36, no. 3 (1990): 250–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cwh.1990.0053.

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29

Fent, Ashley. "“This Mine is for the Entire Casamance Coastline”: The Politics of Scale and the Future of the Extractive Frontier in Casamance, Senegal." African Studies Review 64, no. 3 (September 2021): 628–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2021.54.

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AbstractAs evidenced by the widespread controversy surrounding an otherwise small-scale mining investment pending in Casamance, Senegal, uncertainty shapes the extension of the extractive frontier. Fent argues that amid this uncertainty, different actors are able to politicize or depoliticize extractive investments through the work of scaling. Opponents cast the project as part of larger-scale, longer-term extraction, linking it with regional narratives. By contrast, state and corporate actors depoliticized the mine by emphasizing its limited extent and downscaling conflict to the local level. This demonstrates the conflictual processes through which extractive frontiers are realized—and resisted—through both space and time.

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Shamsuddoha, Mohammad, and M. Abdul Aziz. "Human-Elephant interactions and associated damage in the northern transboundary areas of Bangladesh." Our Nature 19, no. 1 (December 14, 2021): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v19i1.41213.

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We have studied human-elephant interactions in the northern transboundary of Bangladesh and estimated the scale of associated damage due to the negative interaction by visiting conflict area, performing focus group discussions key informant interviews and using secondary data sources. Around 70-80 non-resident elephants regularly intruded to the study area through the international border fence using several trespassing points and engaged in conflicts with frontier villagers. We discussed the nature and scale of conflict and the financial losses due to the conflict. Besides severe casualties in both ends, the enumerated economic loss was USD 1,171, 665 in 2013 and 2014 due to the damage to cropland, houses and properties, trees and orchards. We have identified major human-elephant conflict (HEC) zones adjacent to the border fence through spatial analysis with different level of intensity. Appropriate human-elephant conflict mitigation measures such as habitat improvement and management, monitoring of elephant population, alternative income generation, awareness programs for the local people and working together with India regarding this issue is a timely and urgent need for Bangladesh

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31

Prokop-Janiec, Eugenia. "Contact and Conflict: Polish-Jewish Contact Zone." Tematy i Konteksty specjalny 1(2020) (2020): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/tik.spec.eng.2020.11.

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The article suggests using the category of the contact zone adopted from postcolonial studies in research on borderland, which - in turn - allows researchers to describe the phenomenon of the frontier. According to Pratt, contact zone may be understood as the space of cooperation and competition, coexistence and antagonism, contact and conflict of groups. The aim of the article is to analyse the representations of borderland in Polish-Jewish prose of the 1930s (including the novels published in the mass-circulation press). We shall focus on the motives that stand behind the conflictive communication. It is worth noting that in the literary renditions, interactions between Poles and Jews easily transform into conflicts. Conflictive communication appears in various places (e.g. school, street, neighbourhood), forms (nicknames, arguments, pogrom cries) and functions (from initiating and escalating tensions to riots and murders). As a result, the contact zone transforms into a conflict zone.

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32

Popov, Maxim. "MAJOR THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO CONSTRUCTIVE CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS." Politologija 87, no. 3 (October 9, 2017): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/polit.2017.3.10857.

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This article explores the major approaches to the study of conflict resolution strategy from a variety of interdisciplinary perspectives. It argues that conflict resolution strategy, as a civil integration resource, is a necessary tool for overcoming deep-rooted ethnic conflicts in the unstable North Caucasus. This research pursues the goal of analyzing how the strength of civil integration can affect conflict resolution and peacebuilding. The author considers the essential factors of protracted ethnic conflicts and emphasizes the destabilizing role of the repoliticization of ethnicity in a crisis society. The concept of ethnic, “identity-based” conflicts is the heuristic theoretical model of exploring causes for increased ethnoreligious tensions in the North Caucasus. This article focuses on the ability of conflict resolution strategy to de-escalate growing tensions and transform protracted identity-based conflicts. The need to stimulate civil integration is caused by moral and structural causes: from the ethical point of view, the creation of an inclusive society is the fundamental societal goal; structural factors are related to the need to reduce inequalities and differences leading to social fragmentation and an escalation of ethnic conflicts. Among the structural conditions of regional conflicts, the author names ethnosocial inequalities, a civil identity crisis, ethnopolitical neo-authoritarianism, large-scale socioeconomic polarization and an “ideological combat” between secular modernization and religious fundamentalism. While discussing conflict resolution strategies, it is necessary to consider the following: 1) Peace and integration within the North Caucasus is a macropolitical project, the content of which is determined by issues of social cohesion and civil solidarity; 2) The development of the North Caucasus after the end of armed ethnic conflicts shows the inadmissibility of political demodernization, fundamentalism and isolationism. Today, the North Caucasus remains a crucially geopolitical macroregion, as it forms the southern volatile frontier of Russia. In this case, conflict resolution strategy must serve as an integrational and preventive tool on the conflict environment by way of providing structural solutions for deep-rooted cultural antagonisms, transforming and rationalizing ethnoregional contradictions.

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33

Bennett, Zachary M. "“A Means of Removing Them Further from Us”: The Struggle for Waterpower on New England's Eastern Frontier." New England Quarterly 90, no. 4 (December 2017): 540–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00640.

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This article reframes the Anglo-Wabanaki wars as conflicts fought over river energy. Beginning in the 1680s, Massachusetts officials began building forts away from settlements and next to waterfalls to control prime fishing and portage sites. These river forts, particularly one at Pejepscot Falls in Brunswick, Maine, would trigger conflict more than colonial encroachments on Wabanaki land.

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34

Lewis, Charles. "Wise Decisions: A Frontier Newspaper's Coverage of the Dakota Conflict." American Journalism 28, no. 2 (April 2011): 49–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08821127.2011.10678195.

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35

Baker, H. Robert. "Creating Order in the Wilderness: Transplanting the English Law to Rupert's Land, 1835–51." Law and History Review 17, no. 2 (1999): 209–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/744011.

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The legal history of the western Canadian frontier has received renewed attention in recent years. Much of the work readdresses the question of “law and order,” challenging older assumptions about Canada's orderly frontier culture—orderly particularly in contrast to the United States’ violent settlement of the west. At issue is not just a revision of whether violence occurred on the Canadian frontier but a fundamental reinterpretation of what the concepts of “law” and “order” had really meant. Indeed, conflict between legal cultures has become a major theme as historians attempt to rewrite the history of the Canadian west. They understand that this conflict—whether violent or not—shaped the formation of Canada's legal culture before 1870. Methodological prescriptions for writing this type of history have emphasized the need for historians to widen their base of sources, particularly to exploit “nonlegal” sources (such as diaries, journals, and letters), and to consider the workings of what Lawrence Friedman has called the “cultural” component of a legal system: what suits were brought to court, what notions came into play there, what expectations people brought with them. Important studies on the colonial settlement of British Columbia in the nineteenth century have focused on the relationships between the Hudson's Bay Company, colonists, and Natives to demonstrate that conflict over resources and competing definitions of liberalism and law often shaped legal discourse. These rich accounts have, among other things, called into question the idea of an orderly, peaceful Canadian frontier. They have also provided a much more complex picture of the interactions between Native and European, and the uses of law and the legal system by settlers, Company men, and Aboriginals.

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McCormack, Geoffrey, and Todd Gordon. "Flagging Profitability and the Oil Frontier." Historical Materialism 28, no. 4 (December 23, 2020): 25–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-12341965.

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Abstract Canadian capitalism has entered a period of intensified volatility. Rooted in persistent profitability problems, it is facing several challenges, including economic stagnation, a household-debt driven real-estate and construction boom, and an increasingly fragile financial system. Drawing on a classical Marxist framework of capitalist crisis, this article explores the dynamics of instability in Canada and the response of the capitalist state, which centres on increased efforts to export oil and gas to China, thereby deepening conflict with Indigenous land defenders, and a redoubling of the assault on workers to increase the rate of exploitation.

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Khan, B. Zorina. "Commerce and Cooperation: Litigation and Settlement of Civil Disputes on the Australian Frontier, 1860–1990." Journal of Economic History 60, no. 4 (December 2000): 1088–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700026383.

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I examine the evolution of conflict and cooperation during economic growth by analyzing civil disputes in New South Wales between 1860 and 1900. Disputes per capita fell over time and the proportion of cases settled before trial increased, but patterns varied across locations and types of disputes. Economic conflicts were likelier to be settled than personal disputes, and the fraction of cases settled was significantly lower in frontier areas and in districts without access to transportation. The results suggest that increased market exchange facilitates the development of informal rules and encourages transactors to find cooperative solutions through private bargaining.

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Alconini, Sonia. "The Southeastern Inka Frontier against the Chiriguanos: Structure and Dynamics of the Inka Imperial Borderlands." Latin American Antiquity 15, no. 4 (December 2004): 389–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4141585.

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Abstract Recent research on the Inka has documented the strategies and effects of imperial administration at a provincial and household level. Less is known, however, about the structure and dynamics of the Inka frontier and its impact on local and economic processes. The southeastern Inka frontier—according to ethnohistoric record—was the setting for conflict between the Inkas and the Guaraní-speaking Chiriguano groups from the Chaco piedmonts and Amazonian lowlands. In the context of two competing frontier models, one military (a hardened perimeter or in-depth defense) and one cultural (with wide socioeconomic processes), this article evaluates the nature of the southeastern Inka frontier and its effects on local socioeconomic dynamics. Archaeological and ethnohistorical research at Oroncota and Cuzcotuyo, two Inka centers of this frontier, suggest an alternative in the form of a “soft military frontier” formed by outposts and imperial centers disembedded from local socioeconomic processes. While architecture reveals high levels of investment, settlement data, storage capability, and the distribution of Inka imperial materials all suggest a minimal involvement in local socioeconomic processes. The results are relevant to understanding Inka frontier strategies and provide a case study of frontier interaction between a highly organized prehistoric state and tribal populations.

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Popov, Maxim. "Conflict Resolution Strategy as Political Integration Resource: Theoretical Perspectives on Resolving Ethnic Conflicts in the North Caucasus." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.3368.

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This article explores the different approaches to study of conflict resolution strategyfrom a variety of interdisciplinary perspectives. It argues that conflict resolution strategy aspolitical integration resource is a necessary tool for overcoming deep-rooted ethnic conflictsin the instable region of North Caucasus. The author considers structural factors of protractedconflicts and emphasizes a destabilizing role of the re-politicization of ethnicity of a regionsociety in crisis. The concept of ethnic “identity-based” conflicts is the heuristic theoreticalmodel of exploring causes for increased ethno-confessional tensions in the North Caucasus.The article focuses on the ability of conflict resolution theory to de-escalate growing ethnoconfessionaltensions and transform protracted ethnic conflicts. Interdisciplinary approach toanalyzing conflict resolution strategy as political integration resource, while combining conflicttheory and neo-functionalistic paradigm, is the methodological basis of this research. The needto stimulate political integration is caused by moral and structural causes: from the ethical pointof view, the creation of an inclusive society is the fundamental societal goal; structural factorsare related to the need to reduce inequalities and differences leading to social fragmentationand escalation of ethnic conflicts. Among the socio-political conditions of the North Caucasianconflicts, the author calls social inequalities, civil identity crisis, authoritarian and ethnopolitical“renaissance”, economic polarization, “ideological combat” between the secular modernizationand fundamentalism. Discussing conflict resolution strategy as political integration resource,it is necessary to consider the following: 1) North Caucasian integration is a macro-politicalproject, the content of which is determined by issues of social security of multiethnic Russia;2) development of the North Caucasus after the end of armed ethnic conflicts shows theinadmissibility of structural demodernization, fundamentalism and cultural isolationism. Today,the North Caucasus remains a crucially geopolitical macro-region, as it forms the southernvolatile frontier of Russia. In this case, conflict resolution strategy must serve as preventive tool onthe conflict environment by way of providing structural solutions for deep-rooted socio-culturalproblems, transforming and rationalizing regional ethnic contradictions.

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Ide, Tobias, Carl Bruch, Alexander Carius, Ken Conca, Geoffrey D. Dabelko, Richard Matthew, and Erika Weinthal. "The past and future(s) of environmental peacebuilding." International Affairs 97, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaa177.

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Abstract Environmental peacebuilding is a rapidly growing field of research and practice at the intersection of environment, conflict, peace and security. Focusing on these linkages is crucial in a time when the environment is a core issue of international politics and the number of armed conflicts remains high. This article introduces a special issue with a particular emphasis on environmental opportunities for building and sustaining peace. We first detail the definitions, theoretical assumptions and intellectual background of environmental peacebuilding. The article then provides context for the special issue by briefly reviewing core findings and debates of the first two generations of environmental peacebuilding research. Finally, we identify knowledge gaps that should be addressed in the next generation of research, and to which the articles in this special issue contribute: bottom-up approaches, gender, conflict-sensitive programming, use of big data and frontier technology, and monitoring and evaluation.

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Thompson, Gerald, and William Haas Moore. "Chiefs, Agents, & Soldiers: Conflict on the Navajo Frontier, 1868-1882." Journal of American History 82, no. 2 (September 1995): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2082295.

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Trafzer, Clifford E., and William Haas Moore. "Chiefs, Agents and Soldiers: Conflict on the Navajo Frontier, 1868-1882." American Historical Review 100, no. 5 (December 1995): 1692. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2170106.

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Cayton, Andrew. "Conflict on the Michigan Frontier: Yankee and Borderland Cultures, 1815–1840." Annals of Iowa 69, no. 1 (January 2010): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0003-4827.1411.

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Akpaeti, Aniekan Jim, and Gabriel Sunday Umoh. "Conflict, technical efficiency of resource poor farmers: A stochastic frontier analysis." Russian Agricultural Sciences 41, no. 4 (July 2015): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068367415040229.

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Nunthara, C. "Peace and Conflict in the ‘Frontier’ Areas of North-east India." Sociological Bulletin 54, no. 3 (September 2005): 585–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038022920050317.

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McPherson, Robert S., and William Haas Moore. "Chiefs, Agents and Soldiers: Conflict on the Navajo Frontier, 1868-1882." Western Historical Quarterly 26, no. 2 (1995): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/970218.

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Maconachie, Roy, and Gavin Hilson. "Artisanal Gold Mining: A New Frontier in Post-Conflict Sierra Leone?" Journal of Development Studies 47, no. 4 (April 2011): 595–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220381003599402.

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Nettlebeck, Amanda. "Mythologising frontier: Narrative versions of the Rufus River conflict, 1841‐1899." Journal of Australian Studies 23, no. 61 (January 1999): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443059909387476.

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Bender, Norman J. "Chiefs, Agents, and Soldiers: Conflict on the Navajo Frontier, 1868-1882." Utah Historical Quarterly 63, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 94–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/45062214.

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Akins, Harrison. "Mashar versus Kashar in Pakistan’s FATA." Asian Survey 58, no. 6 (November 2018): 1136–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2018.58.6.1136.

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In 2016, Pakistan introduced a five-year plan to repeal the Frontier Crimes Regulation of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas and integrate the region into the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. The political conflict between mashar (elders), who are advantaged by the law, and kashar (youth), who are disadvantaged by it, has been an obstacle to reform. This article also demonstrates that this conflict has been an endemic feature of the law since its establishment by British authorities in 1901.

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