Relevant bibliographies by topics / Frontal lobes

Academic literature on the topic 'Frontal lobes'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Frontal lobes"

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Fuster, Joaquin M. "Frontal lobes." Current Opinion in Neurobiology 3, no. 2 (April 1993): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-4388(93)90204-c.

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Knopman, D. S. "Human Frontal Lobe Function Revealed." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 7, no. 5 (July 2001): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617701235127.

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All you ever wanted to know about the human frontal lobes seems to be contained in this multiauthored text, at least up to 1996 or 1997. The editors, Miller and Cummings, are acknowledged experts on the topic of human disorders of the frontal lobes. They have done a monumental job of collecting 53 authors and 34 chapters. The book is divided into five sections, frontal lobe neuroanatomy, frontal lobe neurochemistry and neurophysiology, frontal lobe neuropsychology, neurological diseases involving the frontal lobes, and psychiatric diseases involving the frontal lobes.
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Brown, R. "The Frontal Lobes." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 50, no. 7 (July 1, 1987): 954–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.50.7.954-b.

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Mirsky, Allan F. "The Frontal Lobes." Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 4, no. 1 (January 1987): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004691-198701000-00011.

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Heilman, K. M. "The Frontal Lobes." Neurology 37, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.37.2.358.

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Wyke, Maria. "The frontal lobes." Behaviour Research and Therapy 25, no. 5 (1987): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(87)90030-1.

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Stuss, Donald T., and Michael P. Alexander. "Does Damage to the Frontal Lobes Produce Impairment in Memory?" Current Directions in Psychological Science 14, no. 2 (April 2005): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00340.x.

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There has long been controversy about the function of the frontal lobes in memory. Historically, in lesion studies, the frontal lobes were discussed as if they represented a single functional unit, and little attention was paid to possible regional differences. In a series of experiments involving patients with focal frontal lobe lesions, we have demonstrated that different frontal regions affect strategic memory processes in unique ways. In addition, some regions of the frontal lobes are involved in nonstrategic memory encoding, likely through actual involvement of the limbic memory regions or through the impact of processing deficits related to the specific mode of the information to be learned (e.g., language). These findings converge with those of functional imaging studies showing the dissociation of memory processes within the frontal lobes, and are indicative of the complex roles subserved by the frontal lobes. Future research will need to explore how the different functions within the frontal lobes influence other dynamic cognitive systems.
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Russell, Janice D., and Milton G. Roxanas. "Psychiatry and the Frontal Lobes." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 24, no. 1 (March 1990): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679009062894.

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The frontal lobes of the brain have long been regarded as enigmatic in their function and perhaps should be considered even more so in states of dysfunction. Observed associations between structural lesions and psychiatric symptoms and the demonstration of disturbed function and morphology in the frontal lobes of individuals suffering from major psychiatric disorders have led to increased interest in this brain area. Psychiatrists have been particularly concerned with seeking the aetiogenesis of common diagnostic entities and this article attempts to synthesize the available facts. A brief overview of relevant biological data precedes a description of methods of neuropsychological testing and the clinical features arising from frontal lobe damage. A discussion of the role of the frontal lobes in some aspects of personality function follows. Neuropsychiatric features associated with known frontal lobe pathology are described, prefacing a discussion of those psychiatric conditions where an aetiological role for frontal lobe dysfunction has been proposed.
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Highley, J. Robin, Mary A. Walker, Margaret M. Esiri, Brendan McDonald, Paul J. Harrison, and Timothy J. Crow. "Schizophrenia and the frontal lobes." British Journal of Psychiatry 178, no. 4 (April 2001): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.178.4.337.

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BackgroundIt has been suggested that there is frontal lobe involvement in schizophrenia, and that it may be lateralised and gender-specific.AimsTo clarify the structure of the frontal lobes in schizophrenia in a postmortem series.MethodThe volume of white matter and cortical components of the frontal lobes was measured in brains of controls and patients with schizophrenia using planimetry and the Cavalieri principle. The components measured were: superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, a composite of inferior frontal gyrus and orbito-frontal cortex, as well as total frontal lobe cortex and white matter. In addition, the anterior cingulate gyrus was measured.ResultsNo diagnosis, gender, diagnosis × side, diagnosis × gender or diagnosis × gender × side interactions were observed in the volume of any of the components, the grey matter as a whole or the white matter. No evidence for volumetric inter-group differences was found for the anterior cingulate gyrus.ConclusionsSuch structural abnormalities as are present in the frontal lobes are more subtle than straightforward alterations in tissue volume; they may include changes in shape and the pattern of gyral folding.
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Filoteo, J. Vincent, Scott Lauritzen, and W. Todd Maddox. "Removing the Frontal Lobes." Psychological Science 21, no. 3 (February 16, 2010): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797610362646.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Frontal lobes"

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Godefroy, Olivier. "Contrôle cognitif et lobes frontaux." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T052.

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Kolling, Nils Stephen. "Decision making, the frontal lobes and foraging behaviour." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ea509f5e-dca4-44e5-9f3f-f7d6550e5b45.

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The aim of this thesis was to understand the function of the frontal lobes during different types of decisions thusfar mostly neglected in cognitive neuroscience. Namely, I sought to understand how decisions are made when comparisons are not about a simple set of concrete options presented, but rather require a comparison with one specific encounter and a sense of the value of the current environment (Chapter 2-3). Additionally, I wanted to understand how decisions between concrete options can be contextualized by the current environment to allow considerations about changing environmental constraints to factor into the decision making process (Chapter 4-5). At last, I wanted to test how the potential for future behaviours within an environment has an effect on peoples decisions (Chapter 6). In other words, how do people construct prospective value when it requires a sense of own future behaviours? All this work was informed by concepts and models originating from optimal foraging theory, which seeks to understand animal behaviours using computational models for different ecological types of choices. Thus, this thesis offers a perspective on the neural mechanisms underlying human decision making capacities that relates them to common problems faced by animals and presumably humans in ecological environments (Chapter 1 and 7). As optimal foraging theory assumes that solving these problems efficiently is highly relevant for survival, it is possible that neural structures evolved in ways to particularly accommodate for the solution of those problems. Therefore, different prefrontal structures might be dedicated to unique ways of solving ecological kinds of decision problems. My thesis as a whole gives some evidence for such a perspective, as dACC and vmPFC were repeatedly identified as constituting unique systems for evaluation according to different reference frames. Their competition within a wider network of areas appeared to ultimately drive decisions under changing contexts. In the future, a better understanding of those changing interactions between these prefrontal areas which generate more complex and adaptive behaviours, will be crucial for understanding more natural choice behaviours. For this temporally resolved neural measurements as well as causal interference will be essential.
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Robinson, Gail Annette. "The contribution of the frontal lobes to propositional language." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445907/.

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A single case and group study methodology was adopted to investigate the cognitive mechanisms involved in propositional language and the underlying anatomical substrates. Patients with dynamic aphasia and patients with unselected focal frontal and posterior lesions have been investigated. Dynamic aphasia is characterised by a severe propositional language impairment despite well-preserved nominal language. The results obtained in three patients with dynamic aphasia (ANG, CH and KAS) suggest two functionally and anatomically distinct cognitive mechanisms. One set of cognitive mechanisms is responsible for high-level selection among competing verbal response options. This mechanism is specific to the language domain and is implemented by the left inferior frontal region. Evidence for this first mechanism comes from the dynamic aphasic patients ANG and CH and frontal patients with left inferior frontal gyrus lesions. These patients were severely impaired on word and sentence generation tasks only when a stimulus activated many competing verbal response options. By contrast, they were unimpaired when a stimulus activated a dominant response. The second set of cognitive mechanisms is responsible for generating a fluent sequence of novel thought. This mechanism encompasses novel verbal and non-verbal generation and is supported by bilateral frontal region. Evidence for this second set of mechanisms comes from the dynamic aphasic KAS and patients with frontal lesions. These patients were severely impaired in generating multiple connected sentences. These patients were also impaired in the voluntary generation of novel verbal and non-verbal responses. The convergence of findings from dynamic aphasia, patients with focal frontal lesions and neuroimaging are discussed. These data confirm a role of the frontal lobes in propositional language generation and specify at least two sets of cognitive mechanisms involved in this process.
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Chau, Ka-hung Bolton, and 周嘉鴻. "Relationships between perceptual-cognitive functions subserved by frontal regions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4579019X.

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Schenker, Natalie Marie. "Comparative analysis of Broca's area in hominoids." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3283454.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed November 7, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Balchin, Ross. "Emotional biases in confabulation : the role of the frontal lobes." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7991.

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Bibliography: leaves 57-61.
The neuropsychological understanding of confabulation has recently been enriched by the finding that confabulating patients present positive emotional biases in their false recollections. The exact mechanisms of this motivational phenomenon have been heuristically linked to the frontal lobe impairment accompanying confabulation. The present study aims at providing direct support for this claim. A patient with damage to the prefrontal cortex is examined and his performance is contrasted with two confabulating patients, a patient with non-frontal neurological damage and twenty matched controls on a number of tests of emotional processing.
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Miller, Laurie Ann. "The ability to generate or inhibit responses after frontal lobectomy /." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75775.

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The ability to generate different responses, and the ability to inhibit inappropriate behaviour, were explored in patients with unilateral cerebral excisions. Site-of-lesion effects were found to interact with the sex of the subject, the time of test-administration, and the nature of the response criteria. In Part I, the Thurstone Word Fluency Test revealed impairments two weeks postoperatively in patients with frontal, temporal, or central-area lesions. In men, removals from the left cerebral hemisphere caused greater deficits than removals from the right, but only left central-area excisions resulted in long-lasting impairments. Patients with left frontal-lobe removals produced few words on a sentence-completion fluency task, but on visual-image fluency, no patient-group was impaired. In Part II, an inability to inhibit impulsive actions on risk-taking tasks was seen after frontal lobectomy, as was a tendency to disregard the instructions on a word-fluency task. These results are consistent with the fact that patients with frontal-lobe lesions described themselves on a behavioural-trait questionnaire as less flexible and more impulsive than did control subjects.
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Koski, Lisa Marie. "The role of frontal cortex in visual selective attention." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0017/NQ55350.pdf.

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Thaiss, Laila Maria. "A comparison of the role of the frontal cortex and the anterior temporal lobe in source memory and in the accurate retrieval of episodic information /." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38424.

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It has been argued that patients with frontal lobe lesions are impaired in temporal context memory and, more generally, in retrieving the source of one's knowledge or ideas. Furthermore, it has been speculated that a failure to retrieve source information may result in an increased susceptibility to distortions of episodic memories in patients with frontal lobe lesions. The precise role of the frontal cortex, however, in source or episodic retrieval is not clear. Does this region of cortex play a primary role or a secondary, executive role in the processing of such memories? Studies of patients with temporal lobe lesions have also shown impairments in episodic memory, including difficulties in the retrieval of source information. An important issue, therefore, is whether these two brain regions make different contributions to the processing of source information and to the retrieval of episodic memories.
In the present experiments, patients with unilateral excisions restricted to frontal cortex or to the anterior temporal lobe were compared on various tasks examining source memory performance and the accurate retrieval of episodic information. The results of these studies failed to support the general contention that patients with frontal cortex excisions have source (or temporal context) memory impairments. Instead, differences between these patients and normal control subjects appeared to be contingent on whether strategic organizational or control processes were necessary for efficient processing of episodic information. The memory of patients with left temporal lobe excisions, on the other hand, was significantly impaired for both content and source information in most tasks. Furthermore, these subjects showed high rates of inaccuracies and distortions of memory. The false memories of this patient group were attributed to a combination of their poor memory for the specific items of the task and their over-reliance on semantic "gist" or on inferential knowledge about the events. Patients with right temporal lobe excisions were generally less severely impaired on the verbal memory tasks compared with those with left-sided lesions, but were impaired in their memory for the contextual aspects of an event.
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Lee, Andy Cheung Hong. "The role of the human frontal lobes in memory encoding and retrieval." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621105.

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Books on the topic "Frontal lobes"

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1928-, Benson D. Frank, ed. The frontal lobes. New York: Raven Press, 1986.

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1928-, Benson D. Frank, ed. The frontal lobes. New York: Raven Press, 1986.

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Risberg, Jarl, and Jordan Grafman, eds. The Frontal Lobes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511545917.

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Ellen, Perecman, and Institute for Research in Behavioral Neuroscience (U.S.), eds. The Frontal lobes revisited. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1987.

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Ellen, Perecman, and Institute for Research in Behavioral Neuroscience (U.S.), eds. The Frontal lobes revisited. New York, N.Y: IRBN Press, 1987.

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1949-, Miller Bruce L., and Cummings Jeffrey L. 1948-, eds. The human frontal lobes: Functions and disorders. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press, 2007.

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Passingham, R. E. The frontal lobes and voluntary action. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.

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-F, Michel B., Derouesné Christian, and Arnaud-Castiglioni R, eds. Dysfonctionnement frontal dans les démences. Marseille: Solal, 2001.

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Jarl, Risberg, and Grafman Jordan, eds. The frontal lobes: Development, function, and pathology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

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1949-, Miller Bruce L., and Cummings Jeffrey L. 1948-, eds. The human frontal lobes: Functions and disorders. New York: Guilford Press, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Frontal lobes"

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McKinlay, Audrey. "Frontal Lobes." In Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development, 675–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_1175.

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Joseph, Rhawn. "The Frontal Lobes." In Critical Issues in Neuropsychology, 139–95. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5969-3_4.

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Lenzi, G. L., A. Padovani, P. Pantano, M. Iacoboni, M. Ricci, P. Franco, and V. Di Piero. "Neuroimaging study of frontal lobes." In Molecular Basis of Neurological Disorders and Their Treatment, 107–11. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3114-8_11.

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Barker, Lynne. "How to Build Frontal Lobes." In How to Build a Human Brain, 297–351. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55297-7_8.

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Otero, Tulio M., and Lauren A. Barker. "The Frontal Lobes and Executive Functioning." In Handbook of Executive Functioning, 29–44. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8106-5_3.

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Damasio, Antonio R., and Steven W. Anderson. "The Frontal Lobes." In Clinical Neuropsychology, 404–46. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195133677.003.0015.

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Abstract Although this is a time of unprecedented progress in cognitive neuroscience, clinicians who evaluate and treat frontal lobe dysfunction still face many of the frustrations encountered by prior generations. Damage to the frontal lobes can disrupt in various ways a set of very complex neuroanatomical and functional systems, which for the most part remain incompletely understood. The frontal lobes make up over one-third of the human cerebral cortex and have diverse anatomical units, each with distinct connections to other cortical and subcortical regions and to each other. Although we have made progress in elucidating the connectional pattern and physiology of some of its subregions in nonhuman primates (see below), we have not had a means to map the equivalent complexity in the human brain. Paralleling the challenges presented by the anatomical complexity of the frontal lobes are those which stem from the nature of the signs and symptoms of frontal damage, since they do not lend themselves easily to quantitative analysis in a laboratory setting. Nonetheless, new findings on frontal lobe dysfunction are appearing regularly, and have provided support for some long-held suppositions as well as new ideas regarding the operations of the frontal lobes. The central role of the frontal lobes in higher cognitive activities is not in question, and there is growing evidence that frontal dysfunction may contribute to certain psychiatric disorders.
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Sira, C. S., and C. A. Mateer. "Frontal Lobes." In Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences, 358–65. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-385157-4.01148-9.

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Mateer, Catherine A., and Claire S. Sira. "Frontal Lobes." In Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences, 392–99. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-226870-9/00741-3.

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Damasio, Antonio R., Steven W. Anderson,, and Daniel Tranel. "The Frontal Lobes." In Clinical Neuropsychology, 417–65. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195081237.003.0014.

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Abstract Although this is a time of unprecedented progress in cognitive neuroscience, clinicians who evaluate and treat frontal lobe dysfunction still face many of the frustrations encountered by prior generations. Damage to the frontal lobes can disrupt in various ways a set of very complex neuroanatomical and functional systems, which for the most part remain incompletely understood. The frontal lobes make up over one-third of the human cerebral cortex and have diverse anatomical units, each with distinct connections to other cortical and subcortical regions and to each other. Although progress has been made in elucidating the connectional pattern and physiology of some of its subregions in nonhuman primates (see below), the means have not existed to map equivalent complexity in the human brain. Paralleling the challenges presented by the anatomical complexity of the frontal lobes are those that stem from the nature of the signs and symptoms of frontal damage, and most saliently, the fact that such signs and symptoms do not lend themselves easily to quantitative analysis in a laboratory setting. Nonetheless, new findings on frontal lobe dysfunction are appearing regularly and have provided support for some longheld suppositions, as well as new ideas regarding the operations of the frontal lobes. For example, the central role of the frontal lobes in higher cognitive activities is not in question, and there is also growing evidence that frontal dysfunction may contribute to certain psychiatric disorders.
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"Anterior Frontal Lobes." In Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development, 110. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_5731.

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Conference papers on the topic "Frontal lobes"

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Taylor, J. G., N. R. Taylor, R. Bapi, G. Bugmann, and D. Levine. "The frontal lobes and executive function." In Proceedings of the IEEE-INNS-ENNS International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. IJCNN 2000. Neural Computing: New Challenges and Perspectives for the New Millennium. IEEE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2000.857811.

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Taylor, N. R. "Modelling the frontal lobes in health and disease." In 9th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks: ICANN '99. IEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19991142.

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Tabacaru, Bogdan-Andrei. "Evaluation of emotional influence on EEG activity in the frontal lobes." In 2013 E-Health and Bioengineering Conference (EHB). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ehb.2013.6707291.

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Bassi, T., E. Rohrs, M. Parfait, S. C. Reynolds, J. Mayaux, M. Decavele, T. Similowski, A. Demoule, and M. Dres. "Increased Alpha Power in the Frontal Lobes With Diaphragm Neurostimulation in ARDS Patients." In American Thoracic Society 2023 International Conference, May 19-24, 2023 - Washington, DC. American Thoracic Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2023.207.1_meetingabstracts.a3474.

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Levine, D. S., and R. S. Bapi. "Networks modeling the involvement of the frontal lobes in learning and performance of flexible movement sequences." In 1990 IJCNN International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. IEEE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.1990.137792.

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Yunfeng Liu, Congle Zhou, Hongmei Wang, Zezhong Tang, and Haiyan Ding. "3D ultrasound in assessment of growth and development of frontal lobes in children with perinatal brain injury." In 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2009.5332549.

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Souza, Leonardo de, Maxime Bertoux, Luciano Mariano, Elisa Resende, Antônio Lúcio Teixeira, Francisco Cardoso, Sarah Camargos, Vítor Tumas, and Paulo Caramelli. "MENTALIZING IN FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA AND PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY." In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda015.

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Background: Mentalizing and emotion recognition are impaired in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). It is not clear whether these abilities are disturbed in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Objective: To investigate social cognition (SC) between bvFTD and PSP. The neural basis of SC in PSP and bvFTD groups were also investigated by neuroimaging. Methods: Data from the notification sheet were collected and patients were classified according to current clinical and pathological criteria. Results: Groups did not differ on age, schooling and sex. Compared to controls, bvFTD and PSP patients had reduced scores in all tests of SC. bvFTD and PSP did not differ on measures of SC. PSP and bvFTD had cerebral atrophy in critical regions for SC. The cortical correlates of emotion recognition overlapped in bvFTD and PSP, correlating with frontal medial cortex, insula and limbic structures. PSP and bvFTD patients also displayed similar patterns of brain correlations (anterior temporal lobes) for social norms. The neural correlates of mentalizing were associated with frontal and temporal poles bilaterally, in both bvFTD and PSP. Conclusion:PSP patients exhibit impairment in mentalizing. PSP and bvFTD share clinical, cognitive and neuroimaging features.
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Dantas, Madson Caio dos Santos, and João Pedro Cardoso Prudêncio. "Acute cerebellar ataxia associated with varicella zoster virus encephalitis." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.423.

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Context: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) primary infection causes a diffuse vesicular rash and affects mainly young people. VZV-associated encephalitis is a rare complication since the advent of vaccination, and can present as different neurological syndromes. This report aims to describe a case of acute cerebellar ataxia after VZV-associated encephalitis in a child, admitted to the Onofre Lopes University Hospital (HUOL) in Natal, Brazil. Case report: We present the case of a 9-year-old girl referred to HUOL with polymorphic skin lesions for 8 days. She evolved with headache, vomiting, drowsiness and confusion. Upon admission, she was pale (+/4+), anicteric, confused (GCS=14), hemodynamically stable, SaO2=99%, with pupillary response and no meningism. Laboratory tests showed Hb 11.7g/dl, leukocytes 7,200/mm³ (93% segmented, 1% eosinophils, 5% lymphocytes and 2% monocytes), AST 38U/ml and ALT 46U/ml. Once clinical diagnosis of VZVencephalitis was made, the patient was admitted to the ICU for monitoring and treatment. Cranial CT showed hypodensities on the frontal and occipital lobes; CSF analysis: glucose=76mg/dl, proteins=24mg/dl, leukocytes=9/mm3 (monocytes 78%). She improved progressively and was transferred to the ward, evolving with ataxia, suggesting cerebellitis. Conclusions: This case describes a chickenpox rare complication nowadays: encephalitis. Along evolution, the patient presented acute cerebellar ataxia, a more prevalent condition in children, usually having a limited course.
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Nascimento, Igor Abrahim, Caio Cesar Diniz Disserol, and Marcos Christiano Lange. "Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Bilateral Carotid Artery Occlusion." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.586.

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Context: Acute bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion is a rare condition which is frequently associated with prolonged coma or brain death. There is no consesus on which is the optimal therapy for this condition, although there are reports of clinical improvement after mechanical thrombectomy. We present a case report of a patient treated with intravenous thrombolytic therapy. Case Report: A 82 year-old woman with previous history of hypertension and coronary artery disease presented with seizures, followed by coma. There was no description of focal neurological deficit. On examination, patient was comatous, with decebrate posturing after painful stimulus, bilateral myosis, showed absent oculocephalic reflex and absent corneal reflex on the left eye. CT scan showed diffuse hypodensities on the frontal and parietal lobes and on the superior temporal lobes. CT angiography showed occlusion of the right internal carotid artery and of the left common carotid artery. The patient was treated with 72mg of IV alteplase within 4 hours after symptom onset. There was no improvement after 24 hours. A new CT scan showed infarction of all anterior circulation territory. Diagnosis of brain death was made after 48 hours. Conclusions: Acute bilateral carotid artery occlusion is usually associated with poor outcome despite treatment. Endovenous thrombolytic therapy did not lead to clinical improvement on the presented patient. There is limited data on the efficacy of IV thrombolysis and other recanalization therapies for acute bilateral carotid artery occlusion.
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Short, Ada-Rhodes. "The Generation of Novel Art Using Collaborative ML Models." In ASME 2023 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2023-116825.

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Abstract In the past year there have been paradigm shifting developments in the feasibility and availability of machine learning tools for the creation of visual and textual works. Two of the most prominent examples of this has been Large-Language models like chatGPT and methods like stable diffusion for generating art from text prompts. Both visual and language arts are often thought of as human activities, so exploring the possibilities and limitations of these tools is important for both understanding automation and improving our understanding of human cognition. In this paper I use a Large-Language Model and stable diffusion in tandem to develop an understanding of what new possibilities exist in computational cognition and design automation through their application. While no single model can recreate the complexities of a biological brain at this time, they can be thought of as analogous to individual neurological structures. For example, a Large-Language Model that is able to reason out and communicate the solutions to simple logic puzzles could recreate some of the functionality of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum. Additionally approaches like stable diffusion can recreate some of the functions of the occipital and parietal lobes. By combining them more complex behaviors and capabilities can be achieved than are possible from the individual parts. This work is in its early stages but is foundational for later developments in design automation, robotics, and computational cognition.
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Reports on the topic "Frontal lobes"

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Agrela, Fabiano de Abreu. TEA: O cérebro e a infância de uma pessoa com autismo. CPAH REDAÇÃO, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/cpahciencia-011.

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O TEA - Transtornos do Espectro Autista - ainda é um campo onde há muito a ser descoberto, apesar dos grandes e significativos avanços da ciência na compreensão da condição, existem detalhes que não são totalmente entendidos, um dos principais é a sua evolução durante a vida adulta. Não há apenas uma causa para o desenvolvimento de autismo, ele é multifatorial e pode sofrer influência de inúmeras variáveis, como fatores genéticos, condições neurológicas e mentais pré-existentes, fatores ambientais, entre vários outros, no entanto, entende-se que essa vasta gama de influências converge para prejudicar a comunicação entre os dois hemisférios cerebrais. A hipoconectividade entre os hemisférios é uma das mais marcantes características do autismo, uma espécie de assimetria entre as funções de cada parte do cérebro, o que gera, principalmente, dificuldade em realizar tarefas que demandem a interação e integração entre os dois hemisférios, como as habilidades sociais. As dobras presentes no cérebro, conhecidas como giros ou sulcos, possuem uma função primordial para o melhor funcionamento cerebral, elas possibilitam o aumento da área da superfície encefálica, permitindo o aumento do processamento de informações, ou seja, quanto mais dobras um cérebro possuir, maior a sua capacidade de processar informações e estímulos. No cérebro humano, os lobos frontal, parietal, occipital e temporal desempenham papéis fundamentais em uma variedade de funções, desde o movimento até o pensamento, localizado no topo desses lobos está o córtex cerebral, conhecido como massa cinzenta, onde ocorre o processamento das informações, a presença de dobras no cérebro aumenta a área de superfície do córtex cerebral, permitindo o processamento de mais informações.O que se nota no cérebro de uma pessoa com autismo é uma maior incidência das dobras em determinadas regiões cerebrais, como os lobos parietais e temporais esquerdo e lobos frontais e temporais direitos,o que altera a forma como ocorre a conectividade neuronal. Também é importante notar que indivíduos com autismo geralmente apresentam um padrão de crescimento acelerado em certas áreas do cérebro, especialmente durante o segundo ano de vida, no entanto, na idade adulta, ocorre um encolhimento, assim como em indivíduos não autistas, embora de forma precoce, geralmente antes dos 20 anos, entretanto, este tipo de redução não implica necessariamente que o cérebro ficará menor em relação ao período de expansão, podendo até mesmo ser maior que a média da população e variando consideravelmente dependendo do nível de severidade do autismo. Ainda durante a infância pode-se notar uma característica em comum, as altas concentrações de líquido cefalorraquidiano em comparação com os pares não-autistas, esse excesso surge a partir dos 6 meses de idade e vai aproximadamente até os 3 anos. Alguns sintomas mais tradicionalmente encontrados são dificuldades em usar concomitantemente a linguagem corporal, expressões faciais e manter contato visual, dificuldade em se expressar, não compreender totalmente as “regras sociais”, apresentar reações inesperadas a estímulos visuais, auditivos e táteis, comportamentos repetitivos, não responder ao próprio nome aos 12 meses, entre outros aspectos. O autismo é um distúrbio multigênico, envolvendo muitos genes, principalmente agindo em conjunto uns com os outros, assim, não existe uma associação direta e linear entre genes e autismo, mas isso não significa que não haja uma base genética para o autismo ou que o distúrbio não seja hereditário. Também deve ser analisado que há casos de pessoas com predisposição genética alta para o autismo e não apresentar os sintomas, então é importante não apenas analisar probabilidades genéticas, como também uma anamnese para os sintomas. Além disso, pode-se notar, de acordo com algumas pesquisas, uma relação próxima entre o autismo e QI, estudos indicam que mais da metade de todos os indivíduos autistas possuem um QI acima da média e 16%, um superior a 130. Um conjunto de estudos relatou correlações genéticas positivas entre o risco de autismo e as medidas de capacidade mental, há, pelo menos da minha parte, por enquanto, uma suspeita de predisposição alta para o autismo em relatório genético de pessoas de alto QI. Mesmo que o indivíduo não apresente todos os sintomas de autismo, mas sim, algumas singularidades comuns, também deve-se determinar se é uma forma mais leve como Síndrome de Asperger, ou intermediário como Transtorno Invasivo do Desenvolvimento ou o Autismo em si, denominado TEA. Por isso, a complexidade do autismo ainda é uma das características que dificultam a sua total compreensão, mas com a complementação de conhecimentos de diversas áreas, como neurociência, genética, biologia, psicologia, entre outras, possibilita um conhecimento mais amplo acerca da multifatoriedade e complexidade do TEA.
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