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Silveira, Bruna Maria, David Alejandro Gonzalez-Chica, and Rossana Pacheco da Costa Proença. "Reporting of trans-fat on labels of Brazilian food products." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 12 (February 7, 2013): 2146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013000050.
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AbstractObjectiveThe present study investigated how trans-fat is reported on the packaging of foods sold in a Brazilian supermarket.DesignThe present descriptive, cross-sectional study analysed the ingredient list, nutrition facts label and claims of no trans-fat on the packaging.SettingA large supermarket in Florianópolis, Brazil.SubjectsAll food products available at the supermarket.ResultsOf the 2327 study products, more than half had components containing trans-fat in the ingredient list, especially hydrogenated vegetable fat and its alternative names. A small percentage of food products reported some trans-fat content on the nutrition facts label and roughly a quarter of the food products claimed to contain no trans-fat on the front of the packaging. There was very low agreement among the trans-fat content reported in the nutrition facts label, claims of no trans-fat made on the packaging and the ingredient list.ConclusionsThere was low agreement among the different ways of reporting trans-fat, suggesting that it is not possible to rely on the nutrition facts label or no trans-fat claims printed on the packaging of Brazilian food products. Hence, the Brazilian legislation on food labels needs to change to improve the reliability of food labels and to help control the trans-fat intake of the population.
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Méjean, Caroline, Pauline Macouillard, Sandrine Péneau, Serge Hercberg, and Katia Castetbon. "Perception of front-of-pack labels according to social characteristics, nutritional knowledge and food purchasing habits." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 3 (July 27, 2012): 392–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012003515.
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AbstractObjectiveTo identify patterns of perception of front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition labels and to determine social factors, nutritional knowledge and attention to packaging features related to such patterns.DesignCross-sectional. Perception was measured using indicators of understanding and acceptability of three simple FOP labels (the ‘Green Tick’, the logo of the French Nutrition and Health Programme (PNNS logo) and ‘simple traffic lights’ (STL)) and two detailed formats (‘multiple traffic lights’ (MTL) and the ‘colour range’ logo (CR)). Associations of perception patterns with individual characteristics were examined using χ2 tests.SettingData from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort study.SubjectsA total of 38 763 adults.ResultsFour perception patterns emerged. Poorly educated individuals were most often found in groups favouring simple formats. The ‘favourable to CR’ group had a high rate of men and older persons. Poor nutritional knowledge was more frequent in the ‘favourable to STL’ group, while individuals with substantial knowledge were proportionally more numerous in the ‘favourable to MTL’ group. The ‘favourable to STL’ group more frequently self-reported noting price and marketing characteristics during purchasing, while the ‘favourable to MTL’ and ‘favourable to CR’ groups declared more interest in nutritional information. The ‘favourable to Green Tick and PNNS logo’ group self-reported paying closer attention to claims and quality guarantee labels.ConclusionsThe ‘favourable to MTL’ cluster was most frequently represented in our survey. However, simple FOP formats may be most appropriate for increasing awareness of healthy eating among targeted groups with poor nutritional knowledge and little interest in the nutritional quality of packaged foods.
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Perry, Andrew, Violeta Chacon, and Joaquin Barnoya. "Health claims and product endorsements on child-oriented beverages in Guatemala." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 03 (November 16, 2017): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017003123.
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AbstractObjectiveWe sought to describe front-of-package marketing strategies and nutritional quality of child-oriented beverages in Guatemala.DesignWe purchased all child-oriented ready-to-drink fruit drinks, milks and carbonated beverages in three convenience stores and one supermarket in Guatemala City. Front-of-package marketing was defined as the presence of spokes-characters, cartoons, celebrities, or health-related images, words, claims or endorsements on beverage packaging. We used the UK Nutrition Profiling Model (NPM) to classify beverages as healthy or less healthy.SettingGuatemala City, Guatemala.ResultsWe purchased eighty-nine beverages; most were fruit drinks (n52, 58 %), milk (15, 17 %), carbonated beverages (5, 17 %), rice/soya products (5, 6·0 %), water (1, 1 %) and energy drinks (1, 1 %). Two-thirds (57, 64 %) had health claims. Of those with a nutrition facts label (85, 96 %), nearly all (76, 89 %) were classified as less healthy. No association between the presence of health claims and NPM score (P=0·26) was found. Eight beverages had health-related endorsements. However, only one beverage was classified as healthy.ConclusionsIn this sample of beverages in Guatemala City, health claims and health-related endorsements are used to promote beverages with poor nutritional quality. Our data support evidence-based policies to regulate the use of front-of-package health claims and endorsements based on nutritional quality.
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Riley, Malcolm D., Jane Bowen, Debra Krause, Darren Jones, and Welma Stonehouse. "A survey of consumer attitude towards nutrition and health statements on food labels in South Australia." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 6, no. 12 (December 30, 2016): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v6i12.306.
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Background: For many decades, Australia has required a Nutrient Information Panel to be included on food packaging, usually on the back of products. Recently, two regulated, voluntary systems were introduced for use on food packaging in Australia: the Health Star Rating system and nutrient content and health claims. Nonetheless, the scope and potential for these new initiatives to achieve their purpose is partly depdendant on their perception by consumers. This report describes the results of a population based survey of South Australian adults about how various elements of food labels are used to inform their purchase decisions. Methods: A survey was conducted using a random stratified sampling technique in people aged 15 years and older in the Australian state of South Australia. All surveys were administered face-to-face to 3005 people between September 2015 and December 2015. Data was weighted by the inverse of the individual’s probability of selection, as well as the response rate in metropolitan and country regions and then reweighted to benchmarks from the June 2014 Estimated Resident Population calculated by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Results: The response rate for the survey was 57.3%. Most respondents to the survey rated their own dietary intake as ‘healthy’ (61.5%) or ‘extremely healthy’ (9.1%). Aside from price, country of origin was nominated as the most important information on the food label of a food bought for the first time (by 35.0%), followed by the ingredient list (21.6%) and claims about nutrition (20.9%). The response to this question was markedly different by age group, with almost half (48.3%) of those aged 55 years or over considering that country of origin was the most important information to look for. For the youngest age group (15-34 yrs), 28.4% considered the ingredient list was the most important information, 26.5% considered claims about nutrition to be most important, and 22.2% considered country of origin to be the most important information on the food label. The Nutrition Information Panel was used to guide the purchase decision for a new breakfast cereal by more than half of respondents (50.8%), while a statement on the front of the pack about how the food effects health was used to guide the purchase decision of only 8.9%. While only 22.1% disagreed (16.4% disagreed somewhat, 5.7% disagreed completely) with the statement that ‘the Nutrient Information Panel on food packaging is a trustworthy source of information,’ almost double the amount of subjects at 44.0% disagreed (36.1% disagreed somewhat, 17.9% disagreed completely) that ‘statements about health on food packaging are a trustworthy source of information.’ Conclusion: For South Australian adults, statements about health benefits of food on food packaging are viewed with much greater suspicion than the nutrient information panel. Attitudes towards food packaging varied more by age group than by sex of the respondent. For an unfamiliar food, country of origin is considered the most important information on food packaging by more than a third of adults. Keywords: Food packaging, Nutrition label, Front of Pack, Health Star, South Australia
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Bryła, Paweł. "Selected Predictors of the Importance Attached to Salt Content Information on the Food Packaging (a Study among Polish Consumers)." Nutrients 12, no. 2 (January 22, 2020): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020293.
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This paper aims to identify selected antecedents of the importance attached to salt content information (ISCI) placed on food labels, on the basis of a representative survey of 1051 Polish consumers. The study was conducted with the use of the CAWI (Computer Assisted Web Interviews) method in 2018. Quota sampling was applied with reference to the following five criteria: sex, age, education, place of living (urban and rural areas), and region. In a multiple regression model, ISCI depends on the respondent’s: sex, age, evaluation of the quantity of nutrition claims, importance attached to nutrition claims, willingness to pay a price premium for products with nutrition claims, attention paid to health and nutrition claims, agreeing with the opinion that unreliable nutrition claims are a serious problem, evaluation of healthiness of one’s diet, self-rated knowledge about healthy nutrition, buying organic food, and reading front-of-package (FOP) labels during and after the purchase. The strongest effects on the importance attached to salt content information on the food packaging were displayed by the importance of nutrition claims, attention paid to nutrition and health claims, respondent’s age, FOP label reading at home, and agreeing that the use of unreliable nutrition claims is a serious problem.
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Viswanath B, Manju, and Timsi Jain. "The impact of front of package label design on consumer understanding of nutrient amounts among residents of the urban area in Chennai." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 21, 2020): 2141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4434.
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The producer, selling and utilisation of packed nourishments have supported a preeminent flood lately in India. Food labelling is one of the vital population-based methods that can help customers make beneficial food selections by offering essential information about the food on the packaging. The present study aims to assess the impact of front of package label design on consumer understanding of nutrient amounts among residents of the urban area in Chennai. A cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban area in Chennai. Four hundred participants were studied by convenient sampling method. Participants were from 18 years age and above. The study duration was about three months. A pretested and semi-structured questionnaire was given, and the desired information was elicited. Data was then analysed with the help of statistical package for the social sciences software (SPSS). Chi-square test was done to test the significance (p<0.05). The mean age was of the participants was found to be 27.52 ± 11SD. About 63% of participants preferred packed foods over unpacked foods. And 68% of participants have nutritional knowledge and looked into nutrition facts on the back of the pack. Association of gender and socioeconomic class with knowledge of participants were found to be insignificant. Association of occupation with the frequency of purchasing packed food products was significant. Many people look into the nutrition facts table and do not understand and fail to interpret. It is important to provide front of pack labels for better understanding of the consumers.
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Zhang, Xiaofan, Yifei Ouyang, Xuejun Yin, Jing Bai, Run Zhang, Jiguo Zhang, Qi Wang, and Huijun Wang. "Consumers’ Perceptions of the Design of Front-of-Package Warning Labels—A Qualitative Study in China." Nutrients 15, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15020415.
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The warning label is identified as a simple front-of-package labeling format that assists consumers in making healthier food choices at the point of purchase. The color and/or shape of the design elements of the packaging labels can influence the understanding and purchase intention outcomes. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of consumers regarding differently designed warning labels (WLs) to identify a possibly suitable warning label design in the Chinese context. Using a qualitative approach, we collected data through 12 focus group discussions consisting of 116 participants residing in 6 provinces. Participants were selected by purposive sampling. Data were coded following inductive thematic analysis and summarized into three themes: (1) perceived preference for the appearance of the WLs, (2) perceived benefits of the WLs, and (3) suggestions for promoting the WLs. Participants preferred the black shield label showing a high content of the nutrients of concern (e.g., sodium, added sugar, and saturated fat) in both Chinese and English. Consumers generally agreed that the WLs were easy to understand and offered a simple method for choosing healthier foods. They anticipated that WLs could encourage the food industry to reformulate their products. Our study results will support the design and facilitate the use of WLs in China.
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Kerr, Maeve A., Mary T. McCann, and M. Barbara E. Livingstone. "Food and the consumer: could labelling be the answer?" Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 74, no. 2 (May 2015): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665115001676.
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Extensive research into the impact of nutrition labelling across Europe has shown that many consumers can effectively use a nutrition label to rank a food for healthiness. The present paper considers observational and laboratory evidence which has examined the impact of nutrition labelling (on food packaging and at point of purchase) on dietary behaviour. In addition, the potential counterproductive effects of foods bearing ‘healthy’ nutrition labels are examined. The observational evidence provides a useful insight into the key characteristics of nutrition label use. Those most likely to engage with nutrition labels are more likely to have a diet related disease and/or be on a weight loss diet and have a good overall diet quality. Experimental evidence, while limited, suggests that serving size information may be overlooked by consumers. In fact, there may be a tendency among consumers to overeat foods that are perceived to be healthier. The findings from the present paper suggest that if nutrition labelling is to be considered a strategy to facilitate consumers in managing their energy intake, it must coincide with salient, consistent and simple serving size information on the front of food packages and at the point of purchase. There is a clear need for more experimental research using robust methodologies, to examine the impact of nutrition information on dietary intake. In the meantime, there should be greater attention given to portion size within national dietary guidance.
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Packer, Jessica, Simon J. Russell, Deborah Ridout, Steven Hope, Anne Conolly, Curtis Jessop, Oliver J. Robinson, Sandro T. Stoffel, Russell M. Viner, and Helen Croker. "Assessing the Effectiveness of Front of Pack Labels: Findings from an Online Randomised-Controlled Experiment in a Representative British Sample." Nutrients 13, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030900.
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Front of pack food labels (FOPLs) provide accessible nutritional information to guide consumer choice. Using an online experiment with a large representative British sample, we aimed to examine whether FOPLs improve participants’ ability to identify the healthiness of foods and drinks. The primary aim was to compare ability to rank between FOPL groups and a no label control. Adults (≥18 years), recruited from the NatCen panel, were randomised to one of five experimental groups (Multiple Traffic Light, MTL; Nutri-Score, N-S; Warning Label, WL; Positive Choice tick, PC; no label control). Stratification variables were year of recruitment to panel, sex, age, government office region, and household income. Packaging images were created for three versions, varying in healthiness, of six food and drink products (pizza, drinks, cakes, crisps, yoghurts, breakfast cereals). Participants were asked to rank the three product images in order of healthiness. Ranking was completed on a single occasion and comprised a baseline measure (with no FOPL), and a follow-up measure including the FOPL as per each participant’s experimental group. The primary outcome was the ability to accurately rank product healthiness (all products ranked correctly vs. any incorrect). In 2020, 4504 participants had complete data and were included in the analysis. The probability of correct ranking at follow-up, and improving between baseline and follow-up, was significantly greater across all products for the N-S, MTL and WL groups, compared to control. This was seen for only some of the products for the PC group. The largest effects were seen for N-S, followed by MTL. These analyses were adjusted for stratification variables, ethnicity, education, household composition, food shopping responsibility, and current FOPL use. Exploratory analyses showed a tendency for participants with higher compared to lower education to rank products more accurately. Conclusions: All FOPLs were effective at improving participants’ ability to correctly rank products according to healthiness in this large representative British sample, with the largest effects seen for N-S, followed by MTL.
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Melleu, Priscyla Falkenburger, and Murilo Scóz. "Diretrizes projetuais para sistemas de advertência em embalagens de alimentos ultraprocessados | Guidelines for Warning Labels on Ultra-processed Food Packaging." InfoDesign - Revista Brasileira de Design da Informação 16, no. 3 (November 17, 2019): 373–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.51358/id.v16i3.761.
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A ingestão exagerada de alimentos ultraprocessados pode ocasionar diferentes riscos para a saúde uma vez que muitas doenças foram relacionadas à uma dieta inadequada. Além de diminuir a qualidade de vida da população, um aumento endêmico na incidência dessas doenças vem onerando o sistema público de saúde e abrindo um debate sobre o impacto da inclusão desses alimentos nas dietas familiares. Órgãos ligados à saúde pública e à defesa dos consumidores têm buscado discutir com membros da indústria alimentícia novas normas de rotulagem específica para as embalagens de alimentos industrializados, buscando dar um maior acesso à informação nutricional ao consumidor e contribuindo para que ele possa tomar escolhas alimentares conscientes. Sabendo que diferentes soluções de selos nutricionais frontais já foram adotados internacionalmente em busca de advertir a população sobre a composição de determinados alimentos, o presente artigo procura fazer uma análise semiótica de três modelos de sistemas em vigência, avaliando as diferentes nuances que podem assumir as funções de advertir e informar o consumidor. As análises discursivas, segundo a semiótica de Julien Greimas (1968), buscam organizar e avaliar o conteúdo descritivos da enunciação dos selos, discorrendo sobre as diferentes formas de trabalhar a advertência nas embalagens de determinados alimentos industrializados.*****Ultra-processed food may cause different health issues since its excessive consumption indicate an endemic and progressive increase in the number of diseases linked to an inadequate diet. This scenario is reducing the quality of life and life expectancy of the population living in big cities and burdens the public health systems around the world. As trying to encourage healthier eating habits, public health bureaus have been insisting on reviewing food labeling laws in order to make consumers more aware of their diet. Different options of front-of-pack nutritional labels have been adopted worldwide in order to warn the population about the composition of certain foods. This article offers a semiotic analysis – according to the theories of Julien Greimas (1968) – of three models of front-of-pack warning labels already in use, evaluating the different forms of warming the consumer about the packaging information.
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Davidović, Dragana B., Dragan V. Tomić, Katarina Ž. Paunović, Nadja D. Vasiljević, and Jagoda B. Jorga. "Nutrition labelling of pre-packaged foods in Belgrade, Serbia: current situation." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 11 (November 6, 2014): 1969–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014002353.
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AbstractObjectiveTo determine the presence of nutrition labels on pre-packaged food products, as well as to analyse the types of presentation.DesignThis was a descriptive study. The following characteristics were analysed: (i) presence and placement of the nutrition declaration (either as front-of-pack (FOP) or back-of-pack (BOP)); (ii) content of the presented information; (iii) presence of nutrition and health claims; and (iv) legibility of the written information.SettingsThree different types of retailers in Belgrade, Serbia.SubjectsA total of 2138 pre-packaged food products from ten categories.ResultsA nutrition declaration was found on 65·9 % of all tested products. It was displayed on the back of the packaging of 62·7 % of products and on the front of the packaging of 19·1 % of products. BOP was the most commonly observed in breakfast cereals, soft drinks, milk and instant soups (in total over 90 %), and the least common in meat products (21·5 %). FOP was predominantly displayed on breakfast cereals (65·0 %) and the least frequently on milk products (2·4 %). The ‘Big 4’ (energy value, protein, carbohydrate and fat contents) and the ‘Big 4 with additional information’ figured on 40·9 % of products. The ‘Big 8’ (‘Big 4’ plus sugar, saturated fat, fibre and sodium contents) and the ‘Big 8 with additional information’ were present less frequently (20·5 %). Nutrition claims and health claims appeared on very few products (6·6 % and 6·3 %, respectively). The proportion of products with insufficient legibility was 31·5 %.ConclusionsNutrition labelling in Belgrade, Serbia is not satisfactory. Mandatory regulations may be the best way to improve the current situation.
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Sumarwan, Ujang, Megawati Simanjuntak, and Lilik Noor Yuliati. "Meta-Analysis Study: Reading Behavior Of Food Products Label." Journal of Consumer Sciences 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jcs.2.2.26-40.
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<p>Labels are an integral part of a product. Observing the labels on the packaging, especially food products is considered very important to do. However, the label of food packaging products receives less attention from consumers. Therefore, the public is required to be more ingenious in observing the label of food packaging products to avoid food security problems which have adverse health effects. The purpose of this study was to map the results of research on label reading behavior. The design of this study was a literature study of research results that can be accessed via the internet. The results showed that the behavior of reading food product labels was done before buying the product (Aulawi 2005; Susanto 2008; Kumalasari and Sjafei 2012). From the frequency of reading nutrition labels, it could be found out that 42.5 percent of consumers sometimes read and 30.2 percent often read food packaging labels (Andrias 2016). Of the 52 studies, 17 studies have shown that women often read more and notice label attributes on food product packaging. The most commonly read consumer label (Figure 3) was the kosher logo and nutritional value. Food products that are usually labeled are packaged foods. Nutrition and health claims are considered as a means of education for consumers - 14 percent to know new information and 86 percent of consumers decided to read the labels because of the outside factors, such as advertising, internet, or at school.</p>
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Rønnow, Helene Normann. "The Effect of Front-of-Pack Nutritional Labels and Back-of-Pack Tables on Dietary Quality." Nutrients 12, no. 6 (June 6, 2020): 1704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061704.
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A healthy diet is important to prevent lifestyle diseases. Food labels have been proposed as a policy tool to improve the healthiness of food choices, as they provide information about nutritional content and health attributes which may otherwise have been unknown to the consumer. This study investigates the effect of food labels with different formats on dietary quality by using home-scan panel data and difference-in-difference methods to compare the change in dietary quality over time for households that start to use food labels with households that do not use labels. I find that the use of front-of-pack (FOP) nutritional labels increases overall dietary quality, which is driven by reduced intake of added sugar and increased intake of fiber. The use of back-of-pack (BOP) nutritional tables does not influence dietary quality. There is no additional benefit to overall dietary quality by using both labels. However, the results indicate that there could be a benefit of using both labels on certain nutrients. The results imply that additional policies are needed to supplement food labels in order to improve dietary quality.
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Leek, Sheena, Isabelle Szmigin, and Emily Baker. "Consumer confusion and front of pack (FoP) nutritional labels." Journal of Customer Behaviour 14, no. 1 (May 31, 2015): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1362/147539215x14267608004087.
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Kim, Hyeyoung, Lisa A. House, Gail Rampersaud, and Zhifeng Gao. "Front‐of‐Package Nutritional Labels and Consumer Beverage Perceptions." Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 34, no. 4 (November 15, 2012): 599–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aepp/pps037.
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Bui, My, Velitchka D. Kaltcheva, Anthony Patino, and Richard C. Leventhal. "Front-of-package product labels: influences of varying nutritional food labels on parental decisions." Journal of Product & Brand Management 22, no. 5/6 (August 19, 2013): 352–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-05-2013-0298.
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Wagner, Kassandra. "Revealing the truth about nutrition labelling: The age of the confused consumer." SURG Journal 7, no. 3 (September 2, 2014): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/surg.v7i3.2914.
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Inadequate nutrition is considered to be a leading cause of mortality in the world. Access to quality information about the nutritional quality of food products is essential for making informed decisions in terms of food selection. To this end, nutrition labelling can be used as a tool for helping guide consumers food choices. This review article will examine which consumers use nutrition labels and what types of information they get from them; how nutrition labels influence health choices, dietary habits, and consumer behaviours; and finally, current practices in nutrition labelling and whether this aligns with consumer preferences. Findings from this article are useful for developing methods of nutritional label education and understanding how nutrition labels can be improved to become more useful to consumers.
Keywords: health; nutrition labelling; food products; packaging; public education; consumer perception
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Kontopoulou, Lamprini, George Karpetas, Εvangelos C. Fradelos, Ioanna V. Papathanasiou, Foteini Malli, Dimitrios Papagiannis, Dimitrios Mantzaris, Morgane Fialon, Chantal Julia, and Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis. "Online Consumer Survey Comparing Different Front-of-Pack Labels in Greece." Nutrients 14, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14010046.
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According to the WHO, front-of-pack nutrition labeling provides simplified nutrition information in the form of symbols, colors or words that can help consumers understand the nutritional quality of food, thus leading them to healthier food choices. It is considered of the utmost importance to explore the knowledge and understanding of consumers about this form of nutrition labeling. The aim of this study was to investigate the understanding and perceptions of Greek consumers in response to five different front-of-pack nutrition labels (FoPLs): the Multiple Traffic Lights, Health Star Rating System, Guideline Daily Amounts, Warning Symbols and Nutri-Score. From April 2021 to June 2021, 1278 participants from Greece took part in an online survey where they were asked to rank three products according to their nutritional quality. The classification process was performed first without FoPLs and then with FoPLs. The ability to classify products according to their nutritional quality was evaluated with multinomial logistic regression models, and the Nutri-Score label presented greater improvements when compared to the GDA label for Greek consumers. The Nutri-Score seemed to better help the Greek consumers rank foods according to their nutritional value.
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Egnell, Talati, Gombaud, Galan, Hercberg, Pettigrew, and Julia. "Consumers’ Responses to Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labelling: Results from a Sample from The Netherlands." Nutrients 11, no. 8 (August 6, 2019): 1817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081817.
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Front-of-pack labels (FoPLs) are efficient tools for helping consumers identify healthier food products. Although discussions on nutritional labelling are currently ongoing in Europe, few studies have compared the effectiveness of FoPLs in European countries, including the Netherlands. This study aimed to compare five FoPLs among Dutch participants (the Health Star Rating (HSR) system, Multiple Traffic Lights (MTL), Nutri-Score, Reference Intakes (RIs), and Warning symbols) in terms of perception and understanding of the labels and food choices. In 2019, 1032 Dutch consumers were recruited and asked to select one product from among a set of three foods with different nutritional profiles, and then rank the products within the sets according to their nutritional quality. These tasks were performed with no label and then with one of the five FoPLs on the package, depending on the randomization arm. Finally, participants were questioned on their perceptions regarding the label to which they were exposed. Regarding perceptions, all FoPLs were favorably perceived but with only marginal differences between FoPLs. While no significant difference across labels was observed for food choices, the Nutri-Score demonstrated the highest overall performance in helping consumers rank the products according to their nutritional quality.
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Bopape, Makoma, Lindsey Smith Taillie, Tamryn Frank, Nandita Murukutla, Trish Cotter, Luyanda Majija, and Rina Swart. "South African consumers’ perceptions of front-of-package warning labels on unhealthy foods and drinks." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 27, 2021): e0257626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257626.
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Front-of-package labeling (FOPL) is a policy tool that helps consumers to make informed food choices. South Africa has not yet implemented this labeling system. The aim of this study was therefore to explore adult South African consumers’ perceptions of front-of-package warning labels on foods and non-alcoholic beverages (referred to as drinks in this paper) and their insights into features that could influence the effectiveness of the warning label. Using a qualitative approach, the study purposively selected consumers diversified by urbanization, gender, socioeconomic status, and literacy. We collected data from a total of 113 participants through 12 focus group discussions. Data were systematically coded and divided into five themes namely, positive attitudes toward warning labels, perceived benefits of warning labels, perceived behavior modification, perceived beneficiaries of warning labels, and effective attributes of warning labels. Almost all participants from all socio-economic backgrounds were positive about warning labels, reporting that warning labels concisely and understandably educated them about the nutritional composition of foods. Other perceived advantages were that warning labels warn of health implications, are easily understandable and could benefit child health. Some participants anticipated that warning labels would reduce their purchases of unhealthy foods, while others thought the labels would have no effect on their purchasing habits. Participants found the warning labels attention grabbing and stated that they preferred a black triangle placed on a white background (referred to as a holding strap henceforth), the words “high in” and “warning” in bold and uppercase text, an exclamation mark, and an icon depicting the excessive nutrient. In South Africa warning labels may improve consumer understanding of nutrition information and assist consumers in determining the nutritional quality of packaged foods and drinks.
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Fauziyyah, Masyita Resti Nur, and Dea Dellyana Wahyutia Ady. "Hubungan Kebiasaan Membaca Label Gizi Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Wanita Usia 40 Tahun." Media Gizi Kesmas 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mgk.v9i1.2020.29-34.
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Latar Belakang: Label gizi merupakan salah satu label pangan yang harus dicantumkan pada kemasan produk dengan tujuan untuk melindungi konsumen dalam memilih makanan yang aman. Kebiasaan membaca label gizi dapat mempengaruhi asupan zat gizi. Kebiasaan dalam membaca label gizi lebih banyak diterapkan oleh wanita, akan tetapi hal ini tidak digunakan untuk memutuskan pemilihan makanan kemasan. Hipertensi banyak terjadi pada wanita usia 40-60 tahun yang disebabkan karena asupan natrium yang berlebih.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan kebiasaan membaca label gizi dengan kejadian hipertensi pada wanita usia 40 tahun.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain cross sectional dengan. Sampel penelitian ini adalah sebesar 70 orang. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 3 hari untuk pengisian kuesioner. Pengukuran tekanan darah dilakukan pada hari pertama. Data kebiasaan membaca label gizi didapatkan melalui wawancara frekuensi membaca label gizi. Uji statistik yang dilakukan yaitu uji chi square.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara kebiasaan membaca label gizi dengan kejadian hipertensi (p=0,579)Kesimpulan: Kebiasaan membaca label gizi dengan kejadian hipertensi pada wanita usia 40 tahun tidak memiliki hubungan yang sigifikan.ABSTRACTBackground: Nutrition labels are one of the food labels that must be included on product packaging with the aim to protecting consumers to choose safe foods. Reading habit of nutritional labels can affect nutrient intake. Reading habit of nutritional labels usually applied by women, but this is not used to decide on food selection. Incidence of hypertension often occurs in women aged 40-60 years because sodium intake exceeds requirements.Objectives: This purpose of the research was to analyze the connectionsofreading habit of nutritional labels with incidence of hypertension in women aged ≥40 years.Methods: This research was an observational study with a cross sectional design. The sample of this research was 70 people. This research was conducted for 3 days for filling out the questionnaire. Blood pressure measurement is done on the first day. Data reading habit of nutrition label obtained from interviews frequency of reading nutrition labels. The statistical test performed was the chi square test.Results: The results showed there was a correlation between the reading habit of nutritional labels with the incidence of hypertension (p = 0.579)Conclusions: Reading habit of nutritional labels with the incidence of hypertension in women aged ≥40 years does not have a significant relationship.
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Dubois, Pierre, Paulo Albuquerque, Olivier Allais, Céline Bonnet, Patrice Bertail, Pierre Combris, Saadi Lahlou, Natalie Rigal, Bernard Ruffieux, and Pierre Chandon. "Effects of front-of-pack labels on the nutritional quality of supermarket food purchases: evidence from a large-scale randomized controlled trial." Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 49, no. 1 (April 24, 2020): 119–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11747-020-00723-5.
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AbstractTo examine whether four pre-selected front-of-pack nutrition labels improve food purchases in real-life grocery shopping settings, we put 1.9 million labels on 1266 food products in four categories in 60 supermarkets and analyzed the nutritional quality of 1,668,301 purchases using the FSA nutrient profiling score. Effect sizes were 17 times smaller on average than those found in comparable laboratory studies. The most effective nutrition label, Nutri-Score, increased the purchases of foods in the top third of their category nutrition-wise by 14%, but had no impact on the purchases of foods with medium, low, or unlabeled nutrition quality. Therefore, Nutri-Score only improved the nutritional quality of the basket of labeled foods purchased by 2.5% (−0.142 FSA points). Nutri-Score’s performance improved with the variance (but not the mean) of the nutritional quality of the category. In-store surveys suggest that Nutri-Score’s ability to attract attention and help shoppers rank products by nutritional quality may explain its performance.
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Beauregard, Jennifer L., Marlana Bates, Mary E. Cogswell, Jennifer M. Nelson, and Heather C. Hamner. "Nutrient Content of Squeeze Pouch Foods for Infants and Toddlers Sold in the United States in 2015." Nutrients 11, no. 7 (July 23, 2019): 1689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11071689.
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Background: To describe the availability and nutrient composition of U.S. commercially available squeeze pouch infant and toddler foods in 2015. Materials and Methods: Data were from information presented on nutrition labels for 703 ready-to-serve, pureed food products from 24 major U.S. infant and toddler food brands. We described nutritional components (e.g., calories, fat) and compared them between packaging types (squeeze pouch versus other packaging types) within food categories. Results: 397 (56%) of the analyzed food products were packaged as squeeze pouches. Differences in 13 nutritional components between squeeze pouch versus other packaging types were generally small and varied by food category. Squeeze pouches in the fruits and vegetables, fruit-based, and vegetable-based categories were more likely to contain added sugars than other package types. Conclusion: In 2015, squeeze pouches were prevalent in the U.S. commercial infant and toddler food market. Nutrient composition differed between squeeze pouches and other packaging types for some macro- and micronutrients. Although it is recommended that infants and toddlers under two years old not consume any added sugars, a specific area of concern may be the inclusion of sources of added sugar in squeeze pouches. Linking this information with children’s dietary intake would facilitate understanding how these differences affect overall diet quality.
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Valenzuela, Aranza, Leandro Zambrano, Rocío Velásquez, Catalina Groff, Tania Apablaza, Cecilia Riffo, Sandra Moldenhauer, Pamela Brisso, and Marcell Leonario-Rodriguez. "Discrepancy between Food Classification Systems: Evaluation of Nutri-Score, NOVA Classification and Chilean Front-of-Package Food Warning Labels." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 8, 2022): 14631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214631.
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Background: Currently, there are different food classification systems in order to inform the population of the best alternatives for consumption, considering all the diseases associated with the consumption of products of low nutritional quality. Reports indicate that these forms of labelling warnings correspond to a laudable strategy for populations that do not have the knowledge to discriminate between the wide range of products offered by the food industry. However, recent publications indicate that there may be inconsistencies between the different classification guidelines, and the guidelines that nations should adopt in their food guides are still a matter of debate. In view of this, the present study aimed to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative differences that exist between the NOVA, Nutri-Score and Chilean Front-of-package (FoP) food warning label according to the Chilean basic food basket list. Method: An analytical study was carried out to classify a list of 736 foods according to three different systems, evaluating the distributions according to their methods of classifying the products. Quantitative differences were contrasted for each system, as well as between them, together with an analysis of the dimensions of each system. Results: According to the Nutri-Score classification, the most frequent category was A with 27% (high nutritional quality), followed by D with 22% (low nutritional quality) of the total. On the other hand, the NOVA classification showed that the most frequent categorization was ultra-processed food (NOVA 4) with 54%, followed by unprocessed (NOVA 1) with 19%. Regarding the FoP warning labels, 57% of the foods were categorized as free warning labels, followed by the category of foods with 3 warning labels (23%). Regarding the results of the principal component analysis, the Nutri-Score and FoP warning labels present a degree of similarity in their classification guidelines, being different than the dimension pointed out by NOVA. Conclusion: The present work managed to demonstrate that there are quantitative and qualitative differences between the classification and recommendation guidelines of the Nutri-Score, NOVA and FoP warning labels, finding concrete discrepancies between them.
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Woś, Karolina, Lisa Marie Borghoff, Andrijana Horvat, Flavio Paoletti, Eleonora Saggia Civitelli, and Ewa Rembiałkowska. "Preliminary Analysis of Voluntary Information on Organic Milk Labels in Four European Union Countries." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 16901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416901.
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The concern for the environment among European consumers is growing and in the future the need for sustainable shopping is expected to increase. Through transparent on-packaging communication with consumers, organic producers have the opportunity to show attributes of organic production system and build a strong market position. The aim of the study was to analyse voluntary packaging information on organic milk from four European markets in the context of organic food quality, i.e., Germany, the Netherlands, Italy and Poland. More specifically, the textual content of 106 organic milk packages was analysed and voluntary information on each package was categorized according to process- and product-related organic milk attributes. The assortment and content of voluntary packaging information varied across the four countries. The largest number of products was found on the German market (37) and the smallest on the Polish market (14). Dutch milk had the greatest amount of voluntary information on animal welfare, product locality, environmental protection, quality confirmation, naturalness and nutritional value. German milk had the most information on enjoyment and conditions of processing, while the Italian milk on the social perspective. The products available on the Polish market had the least voluntary information. Pasteurized organic milk had noticeably more information about organic quality attributes than micro filtrated and UHT milk.
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Hamlin, Robert P., Lisa S. McNeill, and Vanessa Moore. "The impact of front-of-pack nutrition labels on consumer product evaluation and choice: an experimental study." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 12 (December 22, 2014): 2126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014002997.
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AbstractObjectiveThe present research was an experimental test that aimed to quantify the impact of two dominant front-of-pack (FOP) nutritional label formats on consumer evaluations of food products that carried them. The two FOP label types tested were the traffic light label and the Percentage Daily Intake.DesignA 4×5 partially replicated Latin square design was used that allowed the impact of the FOP labels to be isolated from the effects of the product and the consumers who were performing the evaluations.SettingThe experiment was conducted on campus at the University of Otago, New Zealand.SubjectsThe participants were 250 university students selected at random who met qualifying criteria of independent living and regular purchase of the products used in the research. They were not aware of the purpose of the research.ResultsThe presence of FOP labels led to significant and positive changes in consumer purchase intentions towards the products that carried them. These changes were not affected by the nature of FOP labels used, their size or the product nutritional status (good/bad) that they were reporting.ConclusionsThe result is consistent with the participants paying attention to the FOP label and then using it as an adimensional cue indicating product desirability. As such, it represents a complete functional failure of both of these FOP label types in this specific instance. This result supports calls for further research on the performance of these FOP labels before any move to compulsory deployment is made.
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Vargas-Meza, Jorge, Alejandra Jáuregui, Selene Pacheco-Miranda, Alejandra Contreras-Manzano, and Simón Barquera. "Front-of-pack nutritional labels: Understanding by low- and middle-income Mexican consumers." PLOS ONE 14, no. 11 (November 18, 2019): e0225268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225268.
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Hallez, Lotte, Yara Qutteina, Maxime Raedschelders, Filip Boen, and Tim Smits. "That’s My Cue to Eat: A Systematic Review of the Persuasiveness of Front-of-Pack Cues on Food Packages for Children vs. Adults." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (April 11, 2020): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041062.
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Packaging is increasingly recognized as an essential component of any marketing strategy. Visual and informational front-of-pack cues constitute salient elements of the environment that may influence what and how much someone eats. Considering their overwhelming presence on packaging of non-core foods, front-of-pack cues may contribute to the growing rates of overweight and obesity in children and adults. We conducted a systematic review to summarize the evidence concerning the impact of front-of-pack cues on choices and eating behaviors. Four electronic databases were searched for experimental studies (2009–present). This resulted in the inclusion of 57 studies (in 43 articles). We identified studies on children (3–12 years) and adults (≥ 18 years), but no studies on adolescents (12–18 years). The results suggest that children and adults are susceptible to packaging cues, with most evidence supporting the impact of visual cues. More specifically, children more often choose products with a licensed endorser and eat more from packages portraying the product with an exaggerated portion size. Adults’ eating behaviors are influenced by a range of other visual cues, mainly, package size and shape, and less so by informational cues such as labels.
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Kahnert, Sarah, Pete Driezen, James Balmford, Christina N. Kyriakos, Sarah Aleyan, Sara C. Hitchman, Sarah Nogueira, et al. "Effectiveness of tobacco warning labels before and after implementation of the European Tobacco Products Directive—findings from the longitudinal EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe surveys." European Journal of Public Health 30, Supplement_3 (July 1, 2020): iii84—iii90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa039.
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Abstract Background Tobacco product packaging is a key part of marketing efforts to make tobacco use appealing. In contrast, large, prominent health warnings are intended to inform individuals about the risks of smoking. In the European Union, since May 2016, the Tobacco Products Directive 2014/40/EU (TPD2) requires tobacco product packages to carry combined health warnings consisting of a picture, a text warning and information on stop smoking services, covering 65% of the front and back of the packages. Methods Key measures of warning label effectiveness (salience, cognitive reactions and behavioural reaction) before and after implementation of the TPD2, determinants of warning labels’ effectiveness and country differences were examined in a longitudinal sample of 6011 adult smokers from Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain (EUREST-PLUS Project) using longitudinal Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) models. Results In the pooled sample, the warning labels’ effectiveness increased significantly over time in terms of salience (adjusted OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.03–1.35), while cognitive and behavioural reactions did not show clear increases. Generally, among women, more highly educated smokers and less addicted smokers, the effectiveness of warning labels tended to be higher. Conclusion We found an increase in salience, but no clear increases for cognitive and behavioural reactions to the new warning labels as required by the TPD2. While it is likely that our study underestimated the impact of the new pictorial warning labels, it provides evidence that health messages on tobacco packaging are more salient when supported by large pictures.
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Majcher, Sylwia. "A Survey of Polish Consumers’ Views on Health and Nutrition Claims Made on Food Packaging." Marketing of Scientific and Research Organizations 42, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/minib-2021-0018.
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Abstract Goal: To examine the impact of nutrition and health claims on Polish consumers’ buying attitudes and intentions. Design/methodology/approach: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted with a group of 200 Polish consumers using the CAWI method, selected by means of purposive, “snowball” sampling. The survey form consisted of 4 parts: A — evaluation of photos of sample products with nutrition claims, health claims, both type of claims, or no claims (control group); B — answering questions about food labelling and the use of nutrition claims; C — opining on health and nutrition claims presented as separate, non-product-specific messages. Findings: The perception of the health and nutrition quality of products with health and nutrition claims was found to be strongly dependent on the consumer’s attitude towards a given type of food. The presence of claims seems to have a neutral effect on the perception of the taste of products connoted with healthy eating, but a negative influence in the case of products considered unhealthy. Despite the great interest in the information contained in the labels of food products and healthy eating, Polish consumers still display only a slight degree of knowledge about such claims. At the same time, they seem to be skeptical of the reliability of the health and nutritional- related information on the packaging of food products, which is not correlated with their level of knowledge on the subject. The presence of claims is not decisive for consumers in terms of making purchasing decisions, and claims are less important to them than the use-by-date or the price of the product. Also, claims do not mean the product is perceived by consumers as less caloric. Practical implications: In order to meet the expectations of modern consumers, food producers should consider placing both types of claims on labels, as well as undertaking other promotional activities that draw consumers’ attention to the health and nutrition benefits of their products. Due to the fact that a good knowledge of and interest in healthy eating does not translate into a better understanding of nutrition claims, it is necessary to increase consumer awareness of food law. Due to consumer skepticism about health and nutritional-related information, food producers should ensure that the information on their product labels is as consistent as possible. Originality and value: This is one of the few studies conducted among Polish food consumers that examine how the presence of health and nutrition claims on food labels affect perceptions and purchasing intentions regarding food products.
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Fatmah, Retno D. ,. "The Impact of Front-of-Package Traffic Light (Foptl) in the Senior High School Students’ Nutrition Labels Comprehension." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 7, no. 3 (September 24, 2019): 918–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.7.3.30.
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The study aimed to evaluate the impact of Front-of-Package Traffic Light (FoPTL) nutrition label on female teenagers’ comprehension of nutritional values. A quasi-experimental design employing the purposive sampling method. The intervention group was given FoPTL nutrition label while the control group was given nutrition facts labels within 3 weeks. Twenty-one subjects in a control group and twenty subjects in an intervention group. Both groups taken from the two selected senior high schools at East Jakarta. Our findings confirm the significant difference in the nutrition labels comprehension between the intervention group and control group (p < 0.05), with the intervention group having higher scores (39.17 points) than the control group (20.63 points). It can be concluded that FoPTL can improve the nutrition labels comprehension. To mitigate the low comprehension of nutrition labels, schools are encouraged to cooperate with related partners on educating students about nutrition labels. Future studies may wish to consider examining the issue using male teenagers as the research subjects. To that degree, research on both the reading behavior of FoPTL label and the purchasing behavior of packaged food products should be performed.
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Lim, Joon Ho, Rishika Rishika, Ramkumar Janakiraman, and P. K. Kannan. "Competitive Effects of Front-of-Package Nutrition Labeling Adoption on Nutritional Quality: Evidence from Facts Up Front–Style Labels." Journal of Marketing 84, no. 6 (September 10, 2020): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022242920942563.
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“Facts Up Front” nutrition labels are a front-of-package (FOP) nutrition labeling system that presents key nutrient information on the front of packaged food and beverage products in an easy-to-read format. The authors conduct a large-scale empirical study to examine the effect of adoption of FOP labeling on products’ nutritional quality. The authors assemble a unique data set on packaged food products in the United States across 44 categories over 16 years. By using a difference-in-differences estimator, the authors find that FOP adoption in a product category leads to an improvement in the nutritional quality of other products in that category. This competitive response is stronger for premium brands and brands with narrower product line breadth as well as for categories involving unhealthy products and those that are more competitive in nature. The authors offer evidence regarding the role of nutrition information salience as the underlying mechanism; they also perform supplementary analyses to rule out potential self-selection issues and conduct a battery of robustness checks and falsification tests. The authors discuss the implications of the findings for public policy makers, consumers, manufacturers, and food retailers.
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Fialon, Morgane, Manon Egnell, Zenobia Talati, Pilar Galan, Louise Dréano-Trécant, Mathilde Touvier, Simone Pettigrew, Serge Hercberg, and Chantal Julia. "Effectiveness of Different Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labels among Italian Consumers: Results from an Online Randomized Controlled Trial." Nutrients 12, no. 8 (July 31, 2020): 2307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12082307.
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In Italy, discussions are currently ongoing to implement a front-of-pack nutrition label (FoPL) while a growing number of European countries are adopting the Nutri-Score. The effectiveness of the Nutri-Score among Italian consumers requires further investigation. This study compared five FoPLs among Italian participants (Health Star Rating system, multiple traffic lights, Nutri-Score, reference intakes, warning symbol) in terms of food choices and understanding of the labels by consumers. In 2019, 1032 Italian consumers completed an online survey in which they were asked to select one product they would likely purchase from a set of three foods with different nutrient profiles and then classify the products within the set according to their nutritional quality, first with no label and then with one of the five FoPLs on the pack. While no significant difference across labels was observed for food choices, the Nutri-Score demonstrated the highest overall performance in helping consumers to correctly rank the products according to their nutritional quality compared to the reference intakes (OR = 2.18 (1.50–3.17), p-value < 0.0001). Our results provide new insights on the effectiveness of the Nutri-Score, which would be a relevant tool to inform Italian consumers on the nutritional quality of food products.
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Babio, Nancy, Paloma Vicent, Leonor López, Anna Benito, Julio Basulto, and Jordi Salas-Salvadó. "Adolescents’ ability to select healthy food using two different front-of-pack food labels: a cross-over study." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 6 (May 17, 2013): 1403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013001274.
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AbstractObjectiveTo compare, in adolescents, two models of front-of-pack Guideline Daily Amounts (GDA) labels in terms of (i) friendliness and acceptance and (ii) the ability to choose a diet that closely follows the nutritional recommendations.DesignA randomized cross-over study was designed to compare two simplified front-of-pack GDA nutrition labels.SettingA Spanish secondary school.SubjectsEighty-one healthy adolescents aged between 14 and 16 years were recruited. Participants were randomly exposed to two experimental non-real food-choice conditions using multiple-traffic-light or monochrome nutritional labels. Participants had to choose options from a closed menu for 5 d on the basis of the experimental front-of-pack labelling. For each meal, three food options with different nutritional compositions were given to the participants. The contents of total energy and fat, saturated fat, sugar and salt of the chosen options were calculated.ResultsThere were no significant differences in baseline sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics between participants regardless of the experimental condition in which they started. There were no carry-over effects between the experimental sequences. It was observed that when participants used the multiple-traffic-light GDA system they chose significantly less total energy (mean –123·1 (sd 211·0) kJ (−29·4 (sd 50·4) kcal), P < 0·001), sugar (−4·5 (sd 4·6) g, P < 0·001), fat (−2·1 (sd 4·5) g, P = 0·006), saturated fat (−1·0 (sd 1·9) g, P = 0·002) and salt (−0·4 (sd 0·5) g, P < 0·001) than when they used the monochrome GDA system.ConclusionsCompared with the monochrome GDA front-of-pack nutritional label, the multiple-traffic-light system helped adolescents to differentiate between healthier and less healthy food, theoretically making it possible for them to choose a diet closer to dietary recommendations.
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Wakui, Nobuyuki, Raini Matsuoka, Chikako Togawa, Kotoha Ichikawa, Hinako Kagi, Mai Watanabe, Nobutomo Ikarashi, Miho Yamamura, Shunsuke Shirozu, and Yoshiaki Machida. "Effectiveness of Displaying Traffic Light Food Labels on the Front of Food Packages in Japanese University Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 18, 2023): 1806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031806.
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Nutrition labeling on the front of food packages has been implemented worldwide to help improve public health awareness. In this randomized double-blind controlled trial, we used a Google Forms questionnaire to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition labeling on food packages in university students. The questionnaire, ultimately completed by 247 students, included 15 dietary images from which they were asked to choose what they wanted to eat for breakfast, lunch, and dinner the following day. For the interventional (traffic light food [TLF]) group only, TLF labels were displayed on dietary images. This group had a significantly higher proportion of people conscious of healthy eating during all meals than the control group, and the effect of TLF labeling on choosing meals was the highest for lunch. In addition to the indicated nutritional components, the TLF group had a significantly higher proportion of people who were conscious of the ones of protein and dietary fiber that were not indicated on the label. The use of TLF labels resulted in an increase in the proportion of people choosing a healthy diet as well as being conscious of their nutritional components. Therefore, the use of TLF labels may help promote healthy dietary choices in Japan.
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Ares, Gastón, Jessica Aschemann-Witzel, María Rosa Curutchet, Lucía Antúnez, Ximena Moratorio, and Isabel Bove. "A citizen perspective on nutritional warnings as front-of-pack labels: insights for the design of accompanying policy measures." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 18 (August 29, 2018): 3450–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980018002045.
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AbstractObjectiveNutritional warnings have recently been suggested as a simplified front-of-pack nutrition labelling scheme to facilitate citizens’ ability to identify unhealthful products and discourage their consumption. However, citizens’ perspective on this policy is still under-researched. The objective of the present work was to study how citizens perceive nutritional warnings and to evaluate public support of this policy, with the goal of deriving recommendations for the design of policy measures accompanying the introduction of nutritional warnings.DesignAn online survey with 1416 Uruguayan citizens, aged 18–75 years, 61 % female, was conducted. Participants had to answer a series of questions (open-ended and multiple-choice) related to their perception of warnings as a front-of-package nutrition labelling scheme.ResultsParticipants showed a positive attitude towards nutritional warnings, which were regarded as easy to understand and to identify on food packages. The majority of respondents emphasized that they would take nutritional warnings into account when making their food choices, stating that they would allow them to make informed choices and, consequently, to increase the quality of their diet and their health status. Health motivation appeared as a crucial driver for taking nutritional warnings into consideration.ConclusionsA high level of public support for nutritional warnings was observed. Responses can be used to derive a range of recommendations for a policy mix that should synergistically support the introduction of nutritional warnings and encourage citizens to take them into account when making their food purchases.
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Egnell, Manon, Zenobia Talati, Serge Hercberg, Simone Pettigrew, and Chantal Julia. "Objective Understanding of Front-of-Package Nutrition Labels: An International Comparative Experimental Study across 12 Countries." Nutrients 10, no. 10 (October 18, 2018): 1542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10101542.
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Front-of-Package labels (FoPLs) are efficient tools for increasing consumers’ awareness of foods’ nutritional quality and encouraging healthier choices. A label’s design is likely to influence its effectiveness; however, few studies have compared the ability of different FoPLs to facilitate a consumer understanding of foods’ nutritional quality, especially across sociocultural contexts. This study aimed to assess consumers’ ability to understand five FoPLs [Health Star Rating system (HSR), Multiple Traffic Lights (MTL), Nutri-Score, Reference Intakes (RIs), and Warning symbol] in 12 different countries. In 2018, approximately 1000 participants per country were recruited and asked to rank three sets of label-free products (one set of three pizzas, one set of three cakes, and one set of three breakfast cereals) according to their nutritional quality, via an online survey. Participants were subsequently randomised to one of five FoPL conditions and were again asked to rank the same sets of products, this time with a FoPL displayed on pack. Changes in a participants’ ability to correctly rank products across the two tasks were assessed by FoPL using ordinal logistic regression. In all 12 countries and for all three food categories, the Nutri-Score performed best, followed by the MTL, HSR, Warning symbol, and RIs.
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Rodrigues, Vanessa Mello, Mike Rayner, Ana Carolina Fernandes, Renata Carvalho de Oliveira, Rossana Pacheco da Costa Proença, and Giovanna Medeiros Rataichesck Fiates. "Comparison of the nutritional content of products, with and without nutrient claims, targeted at children in Brazil." British Journal of Nutrition 115, no. 11 (April 4, 2016): 2047–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516001021.
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AbstractMany children’s food products highlight positive attributes on their front-of-package labels in the form of nutrient claims. This cross-sectional study investigated all retailed packaged foods (n 5620) in a major Brazilian supermarket, in order to identify the availability of products targeted at children, and to compare the nutritional content of products with and without nutrient claims on labels. Data on energy, carbohydrate, protein, fibre, Na and total and SFA content, along with the presence and type of nutrient claims, were obtained in-store from labels of all products. Products targeted at children were identified, divided into eight food groups and compared for their nutritional content per 100 g/ml and the presence of nutrient claims using the Mann–Whitney U test (P<0·05). Of the 535 food products targeted at children (9·5 % of all products), 270 (50·5 %) displayed nutrient claims on their labels. Children’s products with nutrient claims had either a similar or worse nutritional content than their counterparts without nutrient claims. The major differences among groups were found in Group 8 (e.g. sauces and ready meals), in which children’s products bearing nutrient claims had higher energy, carbohydrate, Na and total and SFA content per 100 g/ml than products without nutrient claims (P<0·05). This suggests that, to prevent misleading parents who are seeking healthier products for their children, the regulation on the use of nutrient claims should be revised, so that only products with appropriate nutrient profiles are allowed to display them.
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Romero Ferreiro, Carmen, David Lora Pablos, and Agustín Gómez de la Cámara. "Two Dimensions of Nutritional Value: Nutri-Score and NOVA." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (August 13, 2021): 2783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082783.
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Front-of-pack labels can improve the ability of consumers to identify which foods are healthier, making them a useful public health tool. Nutri-Score is a front-of-pack labelling system adopted by several European countries. This system ranks foods according to their nutritional quality, but does not consider other dimensions such as the degree of food processing. The aim of this study is to compare the nutritional quality (as assessed by Nutri-Score) and the ultra-processing (as assessed by the NOVA classification) of foods in the Open Food Facts database. A simple correspondence analysis was carried out to study the relationship between the two systems. Ultra-processed foods (NOVA 4) were found in all Nutri-Score categories, ranging from 26.08% in nutritional category A, 51.48% in category B, 59.09% in category C, 67.39% in category D to up to 83.69% in nutritional category E. Given the negative effect that the consumption of ultra-processed foods has on different aspects of health, front-of-pack labelling with Nutri-Score should at least be accompanied by complementary labelling indicating the level of processing, such as the NOVA classification.
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Rebouças, Marina Cabral, Maria do Carmo Passos Rodrigues, and Silvia Maria de Freitas. "How label and nutritional claims affect consumers’ acceptance, buying intention and quality perception toward a beverage made from cashew nut." Nutrition & Food Science 49, no. 6 (November 11, 2019): 1243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-11-2018-0309.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the influence of the front of a package label and the nutritional claims linked to it over consumers’ expectations as to acceptance, purchase attitude and perception of quality characteristics of a new functional beverage made from cashew nut milk and added with mango juice and prebiotic substances. Design/methodology/approach Three versions of the front label were developed, which differed just by the type of nutritional claim presented (“0 per cent lactose and 0 per cent cholesterol; 0 per cent lactose, 0 per cent cholesterol and source of fibers, 0 per cent lactose, 0 per cent cholesterol and antioxidants”) and were evaluated in two phases, expectation and informed. For the evaluation, consumers used a multi-attribute scale, the nine-point hedonic scale and a nine-point semi-structured buying attitude scale. Findings The labels created a positive expectation on the consumers regarding the quality attributes, overall impression (mean = 6.0 “Like slightly”) and buying attitude (mean = 6.0 “Would probably buy”). After tasting the beverage associated with labels (informed phase), consumers kept a positive evaluation. The t-test performed between the pair of means of both phases showed that there has not been a significant difference regarding the quality attributes (p > 0.05), special, attractive, nutritive, healthy and buying attitude (Label 1, p = 0.26; Label 2, p = 0.18; Label 3, p = 0.26) in all labels. Originality/value The authors evaluated how the influence of label and nutritional claims in regards to a new product, a beverage made from cashew nut, affects its acceptance, buying attitude and characteristics of quality. Until this moment, there are no studies that evaluate how external attributes affect the acceptance of this beverage totally unique in the Brazilian market.
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Pombo-Rodrigues, Sonia, Kawther M. Hashem, Monique Tan, Zoe Davies, Feng J. He, and Graham A. MacGregor. "Nutrition Profile of Products with Cartoon Animations on the Packaging: A UK Cross-Sectional Survey of Foods and Drinks." Nutrients 12, no. 3 (March 6, 2020): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030707.
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Background: Marketing, including the use of cartoon animations on packaging, has been shown to influence the food children choose to eat. This paper aims to determine the nutritional quality of UK food and drink products featuring child-friendly characters on pack. Methods: A comprehensive cross-sectional survey of food and drink with packaging appealing to children available in the UK. Products were classified high in fat, salt and/or sugar (HFSS) according to the UK nutrient profiling model and guidance for front of pack nutrition labelling. Logistic regression was used to determine whether there was a significant relationship between nutritional quality of products, and animation type. Results: Over half (51%) of 532 products with animations on packaging were classified as HFSS. Food products featuring unlicensed characters were significantly more likely to be deemed HFSS than those with licensed characters, according to both the nutrient profiling model (odds ratio (OR) 2.1, 95% CI: 1.3 to 3.4) and front of pack nutrition labelling system (OR 2.3, 95% confidence interval CI: 1.4 to 3.7). Conclusions: The use of cartoon characters on HFSS products is widespread. Policies to restrict the use of such marketing tactics should be considered to prevent children being targeted with unhealthy foods and drinks.
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Włodarek, Dariusz, and Hubert Dobrowolski. "Fantastic Foods and Where to Find Them—Advantages and Disadvantages of Nutri-Score in the Search for Healthier Food." Nutrients 14, no. 22 (November 16, 2022): 4843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14224843.
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The composition and quality of food rations and the intake of nutrients with the diet are undoubtedly reflected in our health. In order to help the consumer choose the right food product, food manufacturers use front-of-pack labels, which are designed to convey concise information about the nutritional value of the product. Such labels include the Nutri-Score system. In this paper, we have critically analyzed this system. As the available data indicate, this system does not take into account a number of factors that affect the quality of a food product, including the size of the package, the contents of vitamins, minerals, and other selected health-promoting ingredients, the degree of processing, or the fatty acid profile of the product, and it discriminates against regional products, organic products, and juices and nectars. This system, although intuitive and created with good intentions, still has quite a few flaws that must be addressed before it can be considered to correctly indicate the nutritional value of food products.
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Fondevila-Gascón, Joan-Francesc, Gaspar Berbel-Giménez, Eduard Vidal-Portés, and Katherine Hurtado-Galarza. "Ultra-Processed Foods in University Students: Implementing Nutri-Score to Make Healthy Choices." Healthcare 10, no. 6 (May 25, 2022): 984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10060984.
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Going to university means that many students assume, for the first time, responsibilities associated with living outside the family group, such as controlling eating habits. A survey was conducted among 161 university students in order to find out their perceptions regarding their type of diet, their knowledge of nutrition issues, their consumption of ultra-processed foods, and to evaluate the Nutri-Score labeling system as an aid in choosing healthier products. This is a cross-sectional observational study. Participants who have the perception of following a healthy diet show a more adequate BMI, regularly practice sports and read labels (nutritional information, expiration date, and ingredients). In general, the university students surveyed do not read the labels (64%) and find it difficult to identify the degree of wholesomeness of what they consume. Furthermore, they buy products based on the external information on the packaging (72%). The consumption of ultra-processed products, such as alcohol and soft drinks, is higher in those who live outside their family homes. The Nutri-Score labeling system is perceived as an aid for better product choice (89%).
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Adasme-Berríos, Cristian, Luís Aliaga-Ortega, Berta Schnettler, Manuel Parada, Yocelin Andaur, Constanza Carreño, Germán Lobos, Roberto Jara-Rojas, and Rodrigo Valdes. "Effect of Warning Labels on Consumer Motivation and Intention to Avoid Consuming Processed Foods." Nutrients 14, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 1547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14081547.
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Nutritional warnings (NWs) as a front-of-package label were implemented as a public policy aiding consumers with recognizing processed foods with high levels of critical nutrients (sodium, saturated fats, carbohydrates, and calories). However, in spite of this tool being well positioned in consumer decision making, there is little extant knowledge about the relationship between the message sent by NW, nutritional knowledge, consumer motivation, and the intention to avoid consuming processed foods. To understand these dimensions’ relations, a theoretical model was created and subsequently tested through structural equations. We applied a survey to 807 home food purchasing decision makers. The results show that the direct effect of NW messages raises the intention to avoid processed foods, while eating motivation is negative in its direct effect on the same avoidance intention. However, the message sent by NWs had a mediating effect between the intentions to avoid processed food and eating motivation but showed no such effect on nutritional knowledge. This suggests that the message sent by NWs was able to turn negative eating motivation into positive eating motivation to avoid processed foods. In conclusion, NWs help mitigate eating motivations, as well as boost the intention to avoid processed foods.
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Hodgkins, Charo, Julie Barnett, Grazyna Wasowicz-Kirylo, Malgorzata Stysko-Kunkowska, Yaprak Gulcan, Yesim Kustepeli, Sedef Akgungor, et al. "Understanding how consumers categorise nutritional labels: A consumer derived typology for front-of-pack nutrition labelling." Appetite 59, no. 3 (December 2012): 806–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2012.08.014.
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Oliveira, Érico Anderson de, Rosália Caldas Sanábio de Oliveira, and Fabiana da Conceição Pereira Tiago. "What do packaging labels tell us about industrialization and the brazilian reality? - an interdisciplinary report." South Florida Journal of Development 3, no. 6 (December 16, 2022): 7137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv3n6-058.
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The purpose of this work was to explore the packaging labels of products consumed in everyday life by students, seeing them as textual and geographic and biological information genres and thus, through them, introduce the curricular contents in ten (10) 1st year classes of the Integrated Technical Education of CEFET-MG, in Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil, in an interdisciplinary view in the subjects of Geography and Biology. Topics concerning the progress of industrialization in the Brazilian territory and the quality of products were discussed, especially those consumed by the population (nutritional data and its technical vocabulary, processing of industrialized foods, malnutrition and food exports, expansion of agribusiness...), associating them with the movement of globalization of the world economy. Among the topics studied, we also highlight: history and spatialization of industry, transformation of geographic space, stages of Brazilian industrialization, urbanization, concentration of infrastructure, consumer market, internationalization of the economy, labor qualification, degree of nationalization by industrial sector, privatization, industrial decentralization, precariousness of labor rights, among others. Exercises were carried out based on the data collected using printed maps, in addition to the use of the Google Earth app, devices used to locate industries in the country, which also contributes to a better perception of cartographic images. In a didactic investigation that combined prosaic resources - packaging labels - with geotechnology - the Google Earth application, the need for diversification of instruments and methodologies used in the classroom is evidenced, which together with adequate planning can help students to achieve meaningful learning, as happened in this reported experience. The theoretical-methodological foundations that guided this work are present, especially, in the theories of David Ausubel and Jerome Bruner.
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Oliveira, Érico Anderson de, Rosália Caldas Sanábio de Oliveira, and Fabiana da Conceição Pereira Tiago. "What do packaging labels tell us about industrialization and the brazilian reality? – an interdisciplinary report." South Florida Journal of Development 3, no. 6 (December 19, 2022): 7175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv3n6-061.
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The purpose of this work was to explore the packaging labels of products consumed in everyday life by students, seeing them as textual and geographic and biological information genres and thus, through them, introduce the curricular contents in ten (10) 1st year classes of the Integrated Technical Education of CEFET-MG, in Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil, in an interdisciplinary view in the subjects of Geography and Biology. Topics concerning the progress of industrialization in the Brazilian territory and the quality of products were discussed, especially those consumed by the population (nutritional data and its technical vocabulary, processing of industrialized foods, malnutrition and food exports, expansion of agribusiness...), associating them with the movement of globalization of the world economy. Among the topics studied, we also highlight: history and spatialization of industry, transformation of geographic space, stages of Brazilian industrialization, urbanization, concentration of infrastructure, consumer market, internationalization of the economy, labor qualification, degree of nationalization by industrial sector, privatization, industrial decentralization, precariousness of labor rights, among others. Exercises were carried out based on the data collected using printed maps, in addition to the use of the Google Earth app, devices used to locate industries in the country, which also contributes to a better perception of cartographic images. In a didactic investigation that combined prosaic resources - packaging labels - with geotechnology - the Google Earth application, the need for diversification of instruments and methodologies used in the classroom is evidenced, which together with adequate planning can help students to achieve meaningful learning, as happened in this reported experience. The theoretical-methodological foundations that guided this work are present, especially, in the theories of David Ausubel and Jerome Bruner.
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Ayuzo del Valle, Cipatli, Fernando García, María Musi Gómez, Paola G. Parker, Brenda Ayuzo, and Gina Salame Kanan. "Weight stigma in Mexico and front-of-package labeling. A systemic review." Salud mental 45, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2022.011.
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Background. Front-of-package food labeling is a public health strategy implemented to reduce the consumption of processed food to decrease the incidence of obesity in Mexico. Although there is an increasing focus among public health officials on implementing policies designed to address obesity, much less attention has been paid to how these policies could impact those with disordered eating, despite the fact that millions suffer from such illnesses. Objective. The aim of this article is to present scientific literature related to front-of-package labeling and its impact on obesity and eating disorders. Method. Papers related to nutrition labels and obesity and eating disorders were reviewed. Results. The papers reviewed found no significant improvement regarding the consumption of processed food. Other measurements, including nutritional education, availability, physical education, and body-image acceptance, have a better impact on nutritional health. Discussion and conclusion. Front-of-package labeling is regarded as an important measure in the attempt to reduce obesity levels. However, there is insufficient scientific evidence to suggest that this type of labeling reduces the consumption of processed foods in patients with obesity.
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Arza, Putri Aulia, Surya Oktaviandra, Resmiati Resmiati, and Fatthya Zaqna. "Edukasi Gizi Tentang Pentingnya Membaca Label Kemasan Produk Pangan dan Perlindungan Konsumen pada Siswa SMP." Bubungan Tinggi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 4, no. 4 (November 29, 2022): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/btjpm.v4i4.5780.
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Masih rendahnya pengetahuan siswa SMP tentang pentingnya membaca label pangan dan jajanan sehat bergizi merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi status gizi. Rendahnya pengetahuan siswa tentang label pangan akan berdampak terhadap konsumsi makanan jajanan yang tidak aman dan sehat. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa SMP melalui edukasi mengenai pentingnya membaca label kemasan pangan dan perlindungan konsumen terhadap makanan dan minuman kemasan. Kegiatan dilakukan pada salah satu SMP di Kecamatan Bayang, Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan, pada Bulan Juni Tahun 2022. Kegiatan berupa penyuluhan tentang pentingnya membaca label kemasan dan perlindungan konsumen dengan 2 (dua) orang narasumber. Untuk menilai keberhasilan edukasi ini dilakukan pengamatan langsung terhadap suasana diskusi kelas dan digunakan kuesioner berupa pertanyaan tertutup yang akan diberikan kepada siswa sebelum dan sesudah edukasi. Sebanyak 30 orang siswa SMP mengikuti kegiatan ini yang terdiri dari siswa kelas 7 dan 8. Para peserta antusias memberikan pertanyaan dan ketika diberikan pertanyaan siswa mampu menjawab dengan benar. Hasil kegiatan edukasi ini menggunakan uji paired sample t-test menunjukkan ada peningkatan pengetahuan siswa SMP sebesar 2.3 (p=0,006). Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat berhasil dilakukan dengan baik. Hasil monitoring dan evaluasi setelah diberikan edukasi diperoleh bahwa siswa lebih teliti dan membaca label kemasan terlebih dahulu sebelum membeli jajanan makanan kemasan. Implikasi dari kegiatan ini yaitu siswa sudah mulai menerapkan membaca label sebelum belanja makanan kemasan.The common knowledge of junior high school students about the importance of reading food labels and nutritious, healthy snacks is one-factor affecting nutritional status. The low knowledge of students about food labels will have an impact on the consumption of snacks that are not safe and healthy. This aim is to increase the knowledge of junior high school students through education about the importance of reading food packaging labels and consumer protection for packaged food and beverages. The activity was carried out at one of the junior high schools in Bayang District, Pesisir Selatan Regency, in June 2022. The activity involved counselling about the importance of reading packaging labels and consumer protection with 2 (two) resource persons. To assess the success of this education, direct observation of the class discussion atmosphere was used, and a questionnaire was given to students before and after education. A total of 30 junior high school students participated in this activity, consisting of students in grades 7 and 8. The participants were enthusiastic about asking questions, and when given questions, the students could answer correctly. The results of this activity showed that there was an increase in the knowledge of junior high school students by 2.3 (p=0.006). Community service activities were carried out successfully. The monitoring and evaluation results after being given education showed that students were more careful and read the packaging labels before buying packaged snacks.
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Andreeva, Valentina A., Manon Egnell, Katarzyna Stoś, Beata Przygoda, Zenobia Talati, Mathilde Touvier, Pilar Galan, Serge Hercberg, Simone Pettigrew, and Chantal Julia. "Polish Consumers’ Understanding of Different Front-of-Package Food Labels: A Randomized Experiment." Foods 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11010134.
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Dietary practices are a key behavioral factor in chronic disease prevention; one strategy for improving such practices population-wise involves front-of-package labels (FoPL). This online randomized study, conducted in a quota-based sample of 1159 Polish adults (mean age = 40.9 ± 15.4 years), assessed the objective understanding of five FoPL: Health Star Rating, Multiple Traffic Lights, NutriScore, Reference Intakes (RI) and Warning Label. Objective understanding was evaluated by comparing results of two nutritional quality ranking tasks (without/with FoPL) using three food categories (breakfast cereals, cakes, pizza). Associations between FoPL exposure and objective understanding were assessed via multivariable ordinal logistic regression. Compared to RI and across food categories, significant improvement in objective understanding was seen for NutriScore (OR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.41–2.91) and Warning Label (OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.12–2.32). In age-stratified analyses, significant improvement in objective understanding compared to RI emerged mainly among adults aged 18–30 years randomized to NutriScore (all food categories: OR = 3.88; 95% CI: 2.04–7.36; cakes: OR = 6.88; 95% CI: 3.05–15.51). Relative to RI, NutriScore was associated with some improvement in objective understanding of FoPL across and within food categories, especially among young adults. These findings contribute to the ongoing debate about an EU-wide FoPL model.