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Academic literature on the topic 'Front-end électronique'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Front-end électronique"
Boutet, Paul-Antoine. "Réalisation et optimisation d'une électronique intégrée basse consommation pour la mesure de gaz polluants." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF22312.
Full textIn order to realize an innovative product for pollutants in the atmosphere, SVS@CAP company started in 2009 the EUREBUS project in collaboration with the "Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire". The aim of this project is to design a wireless equipement to measure gas concentrations. The key issues of this project are concerning the autonomy as well as the small size of the product. In consequence an integrated and low power electronics remains essential. From a first study of the existing technologies to detect gaz concentrations, electrochemical sensors were selected because of their low power consumption. For each of the target gas, an electrical model was determined. From those models, a specific architecture was designed. A special effort was made on the energy consumption thanks to the use of the gm/id methodology which was necessary to achieve and exceed the specifications. The final order of the power consumption of the front-end developped and realized is around the μW. Finally, in order to complete the chain of acquisition, some architectures of analog to digital converter were studied, developped and realized with sample frequencies close to the Hz. The power consumptions of the converters developped are limited to the order of the hundreds of nW
Izquierdo, Christian. "Conception et réalisation d’un front-end analogique pour un récepteur multistandard multi-mode." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10013/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the design of a wide-band RF analogue front-end for a cellular multi-standard and multiband receiver. The main limitation of receivers today is the need of external SAW filters to protect the LNA and mixer from out-of-band interferers. In this thesis we propose a new technique of positive feed-back which transposes the filters transfer function in RF. Thus, a selective RF filter is created in the LNA input to improve non-linearity performances of the receiver. This RF filter is also configurable in bandwidth and center frequency. An experimental prototype has been made in 65nm CMOS technology. The positive feed-back improves the LNA out-of-band IIP3 by 17dB. The center frequency is configurable from 1.3GHZ to 2.85GHz. Power consumption is of 30mW, while maximal NF is of 6.5dB
Boutet, P. A. "Réalisation et optimisation d'une électronique intégrée basse consommation pour la mesure de gaz polluants." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00797888.
Full textAhmad, Salleh. "Développement et réalisation d'un circuit de microélectronique pour le détecteur spatial de rayons cosmiques JEM-EUSO." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112327.
Full textExtreme Universe Space Observatory on Japanese Experiment Module (JEM-EUSO) is conceived as the next generation cosmic rays experiment for observing the highly energetic particles above 5.10¹⁹ eV. The project is lead by RIKEN and supported by an active collaboration of more than 200 members from 13 countries. This observatory, in the shape of a wide field-of-view UV telescope, will be attached to the International Space Station (ISS) for a planned launch in 2017. Observing the Air Showers generated in troposphere from an altitude of 400 km, this space based cosmic rays experiment will offer a very large instantaneous detection surface, which is at least 100 times bigger than the largest land based cosmic rays observatory. The detection surface of JEM-EUSO will be equipped with around 5000 units of 8x8 pixels Multianode Photomultiplier (MAPMT). A radiation hardened mixed signal application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), known as SPACIROC, has been proposed for reading out the MAPMT. This ASIC features 64-channel analog inputs, fast photon counting capabilities, charge measurements and high-speed data transfer. Above all, the power dissipation of this ASIC is required to be very low in order to comply with the strict power budget of JEM-EUSO. By taking the advantages of high speed AMS 0.35 µm Silicon-Germanium (SiGe) process, this ASIC integrates 64 fast Photon Counting channels. The photon counting time resolution is 30 ns, which allows the theoretical counting rate in the order of 10⁷ photons/s. The charge measurement system is based on Time-Over-Threshold which offers 8 measurement channels. Each measurement channel is composed of 8 pixels of the MAPMT and it is expected that this system will measure up to 200 pC. The digital part is then required to operate continuously and handles data conversion of each Photon Counting and Time-Over-Threshold channel. For the first version of this ASIC, one channel measurement channel for the dynode is also available. The digital data are transmitted via dedicated parallel communication links and within the defined Gate Time Unit (GTU) of 400 kHz frequency. The ASIC data output rate is in the vicinity of 200 Mbps or 576 bits/GTU. The power dissipation is kept strictly below 1 mW per channel or 64 mW for the ASIC. The first prototype of SPACIROC was sent for tapeout in March 2010 through Centre Multi Projet (CMP) prototyping services. The packaged ASICs and bare dies have been received in October 2010 which marked the characterization phase of this chip. After successful testing phase, SPACIROC chips were integrated into the front-end electronics of an instrument pathfinder for detecting the gamma ray bursts – Ultra Fast Flash Observatory (UFFO) which is foreseen to be launched in 2013. Towards the end of 2012, front-end board designed around SPACIROC chips have been fabricated for the EUSO-Balloon project. This balloon borne project will serve as a technical and engineering demonstrator of a fully miniaturized JEM-EUSO instrument which will be flown to the stratosphere at the altitude of 40 km. The second tapeout of this ASIC was done in December 2011. This second prototype, SPACIROC2, was tested from May 2012. The main improvements are as follows: lower power consumption due to better power management, enhancement in Photon Counting time resolution and extension the Time-Over-Threshold maximum input rate. The ongoing tests have shown that SPACIROC2 exhibits a good overall behavior and improvement compared to its predecessor
Ben, abdallah Essia. "Conception conjointe d’antenne active pour futurs modules de transmissions RF miniatures et faible pertes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT104/document.
Full textThe recent development of cellular communication standards has led to an increasing RF front-end complexity due to the ever increasing number of RF needed paths. Each RF path is dedicated to a frequency bands group which might not be optimal for cost and occupied space area. Consequently, in order to optimize the RF performances and energy consumption, the approach used in this thesis is to share the constraints between the PA and the antenna of the front-end: this is called co-design. In this thesis, the considered co-design approach is twofold and in near future both results should be simultaneously considered and integrated into one fully reconfigurable RF front-end design.The first study addresses the co-design of an antenna and its associated power amplifier (PA), which are traditionally designed separately. We first determine the antenna impedance specifications to maximize the tradeoff between the energy transfer and PA linearity. Then, we propose to remove the impedance matching network between antenna and PA, while demonstrating that a low impedance antenna can maintain the RF performances. Contrarily to the classical approach where the antenna is matched to 50 Ω, the proposed co-design shows the possibility to keep the linearity of the PA even for high power levels (> 20 dBm).The second study focuses on the co-design of an antenna and tunable components. We are sharing the miniaturization effort and the resistive losses between the antenna structure and the tunable capacitor (DTC). The achieved developments are based on electromagnetic simulations, modeling, system characterization (linearity and switching time) and radiation measurements (efficiency) of miniature reconfigurable antenna prototypes in the 4G low bands. The considered studies have led to the design of a frequency reconfigurable antenna addressing the maximum instantaneous available bandwidth authorized by 4G. The radiator occupies only 18 x 3 mm2 (λ0/30 x λ0/180 at 560 MHz), and thus it is extremely suitable for a possible integration onto smartphones. The antenna resonance frequency is tuned between 560 MHz and 1030 MHz and the total efficiency varies between 50% and 4%. For the first time, the impact of SOI DTC implemented on the antenna radiating structure on linearity is measured with a dedicated test bench. The linearity specified by 4G is maintained up to 22 dBm of transmitted power
Martorell, Alexandre. "Détection à distance d’électroniques par l’intermodulation." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS019/document.
Full textElectromagnetism, security and electronic warfare have been closely linked for decades. Their association gathers applications of radar surveillance, neutralization of electronic systems or detection of hidden electronics. Today, the multiplication of IEDs (Improvised Explosive Devices) both in theatres of operation and in urban environments leads to the need for their detection. The works of this thesis can enter into this theme and propose a new alternative that allows to highlight the presence of hidden RF receivers. The nonlinear radar is particularly suitable for detecting devices containing metals and (electronic) semiconductors. A popular technique is to transmit a single frequency f1 and receive the second harmonic generated by the target. Another less common technique consists of transmitting two frequencies, f1 and f2, and receiving intermodulation products of order 3 (2f1 - f2 and 2f2 - f1). An in-depth state of the art of nonlinear radar systems is made in a first chapter with a comparison of their characteristics. In a second chapter, an inductive test bench is developed to measure the reflected IM3 of an RF target. Thus analyses and orders of magnitude will be known helping the development of radar. In chapter 3, the IM3 radar demonstrator is developed. A wide range of RF systems, commercial and non-commercial, that may be found in operational environments are being tested. Their detection will validate the IM3 recovery technique. A new realistic IM3 radar link budget is implemented to estimate the actual radar detection range for different RF targets. In the last chapter the work focuses on the identification and classification of an RF target. The study focuses on the possibility of extracting all parameters to assist in a classification (hazard assessment) of RF receptors in an operational environment. The research work presented in this manuscript contributes to the improvement of hidden electronic detection techniques. A detection protocol was proposed describing the actions of the IM3 radar. It includes a frequency scan and then a power scan. The first tests were carried out on a walkie-talkie demonstrating the possibility of detecting its bandwidth via IM3 retransmission, at more than 2 m. The repeatability of the tests on an extended panel of RF receivers validates the detection protocol and the interest of the IM3 radar. An IM3 radar transmission power of 40 dBm, at an IM3 frequency of 400 MHz, can potentially detect a receiver at 80 m. Finally in a final exploratory work, we demonstrated that by observing the IM3 response reflected following a power scan the IM3 radar can add new identification criteria that discriminate the hidden receivers detected between them
Conte, E. "Recherche de la violation des symétries CP et T dans les réactions Lambda0_b –> Lambda0 + un méson vecteur. Validation de l'architecture de lecture des canaux du détecteur de pied de gerbe de l'expérience LHCb." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00261494.
Full textBaccar, Sahbi. "Etude et modélisation comportementale de « front-end » analogiques pour des environnements « fond de puits »." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14613.
Full textThis work is dealing with the modelling of analogue and mixed signal circuits. Moreprecisely, we focus on modelling the circuits of an analogue front-end which is used in down-holedrilling industry for instrumentation and measurement purposes. This research had as a goal tomodel the temperature increasing effect in the behaviour of each circuit of the considered frontend.The studied circuits belong to the family of “conventional” circuits. Most of these circuitsoperate in a temperature which does not exceed 125°C. Even if the behaviour of the circuit changesdue to an increasing of the temperature, there are some well-know techniques that enable thecompensation of such effects. However, in order to obtain a precise simulation in the design phase,it is very important to have accurate models that describe the temperature increasing effect. Asmost of the commercial circuits models are written in SPICE, it is necessary first to review theaccuracy of SPICE models in high temperature (HT). This work focus on a specific circuit: theoperational amplifier (opamp). This device is present in many instrumentation circuits. Obtainingan accurate op-amp model in HT will help us develop accurate models of these circuits byconsidering their architectural description which is based on the opamp model.The work starts with the study of the structure of the SPICE model of the considered opamp.This study enables us to confirm the non-validity of the SPICE model in HT. The validity studyconsists in comparing the SPCE simulation results of two parameters (the voltage offset and thecommon mode rejection ratio) to measurement results. Moreover, we present an interpretation tothe difference that was observed in this comparison. After comparing different modellingapproaches, we select the behavioural modelling one. The VHDL-AMS was used to develop thenew precise opamp model in HT. The simulation is performance in Cadence/ADVanceMSenvironment. The representation of each opamp parameter is validated by a specific circuit. Thismodel is developed in two steps. In the first step, we develop an opamp model in which there is noconsideration of the temperature effect. In the second step, dependence of each parameter to thetemperature is described by a polynomial or exponential function. This function is the result of thefitting process of the measurement results. These equations are inserted in the VHDL-AMS model.All parameters are again validated in each temperature. The test-circuit is the same circuit used inthe experimental test of the opamp parameters. The average error between measurement andsimulation does not exceed 3.11%. In the last chapter, we simulate some circuits of the theanalogue front-end of an acquisition system. We simulate for example the effect of the temperatureeffect on the accuracy of a Wheatstone bridge. Three architecture of an instrumentation amplifierwere also modelled and simulated in different temperature of [20°C, 220°C] in the basis of thedeveloped opamp model
Chen, Si. "Conception d’ASICs Mixtes Durcis aux Radiations pour Observatoires Spatiaux." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7051.
Full textThe subject of my thesis is the development of radiation-hardened mixed-signal Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) for space observatories. The thesis takes place in the context of a future X-ray space observatory of the European Space Agency, named Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics (ATHENA). The ASICs developed belong to one of the two scientific instruments of the observatory, called X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) and are dedicated to one of the subsystems of the X-IFU instrument, the WFEE (Warm Front End Electronics).The WFEE is a mixed electronic system, mainly including a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), a configurable SQUID bias, a buffer and a thermometer. Consequently, my thesis work is composed of two parts: the digital part and the analogue part.My contributions to the digital microelectronics of the WFEE are presented in Part III of my thesis. It includes the design of a new radiation-hardened digital library and the creation of a new I2C decoder with optimised schematic and layout, made of my new digital library. The representative radiation assessment results concerning the components and 8-bit registers with such radiation-hardened design are also discussed in Part III of the thesis. All the digital circuits of the two new ASICs “AwaXe_v2” and “AwaXe_v2.5” are made of this new radiation-hardened digital library, as well as those in the future ASICs. The optimised I2C decoders have been proved a good functioning along with the other circuits, integrated into the “AwaXe_v2” and “AwaXe_v2.5”.My contributions on the analogue circuits of the WFEE are presented in Part IV. It includes the design of an LNA, a buffer, a current reference and a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC). The LNA is critical for fulfilling the unprecedented high spectral resolution of 2.5 eV proposed by the X-IFU instrument. Its original design has been integrated into the ASICs v2 and v2.5, both fully tested and showing satisfying and coherent results. Its performance has been experimentally proved to fulfil all the specifications required by the CNES. Operating within the frequency band of 1-5 MHz, it provides a super-linear voltage gain of 85 V/V, with a large bandwidth of −1 dB up to 17.5 MHz and a low gain drift < 350 ppm/K. It realises an ultra-low voltage noise ≈ 0.8 nV/√Hz at the input, as well as a low 1/f noise corner frequency < 4 kHz, a good PSRR and CMRR. The buffer uses a similar design as the LNA and needs to be further studied in future work. The current reference has been fully tested with an output of 1 mA. Thanks to its original design compensating a CTAT and a PTAT reference, it has been proved to be capable of providing a super-stable temperature independent current, perfect for the SQUID bias. At last, I have also developed an 8-bit DAC for the SQUID bias. 8 DACs along with a current reference and a series bus compose a complete SQUID bias of one WFEE channel. This circuit has been integrated into the ASIC “AwaXe_v2.5” and showed a good result for the first measurement.In conclusion, my thesis has yielded two ASICs for the WFEE: “AwaXe_v2” and “AwaXe_v2.5”. Both ASICs show good performance. In particular, the last ASIC integrates all the components of one WFEE channel, which can be considered as a prototype. Thus, it is a good representative of my work. Moreover, the high performance of the LNA and the current reference also give them the potential to adapt with other similar scientific missions
Michalowska, Alicja. "Étude et développement d’ASIC de lecture de détecteurs matriciels en CdTe pour application spatiale en technologie sub-micrométrique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112332/document.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis is part of a project where a new instrument is developed: a camera for hard X-rays imaging spectroscopy. It is dedicated to fundamental research for observations in astrophysics, at wavelengths which can only be observed using space-borne instruments. In this domain the spectroscopic accuracy as well as the imaging details are of high importance. This work has been realized at CEA/IRFU (Institut de Recherche sur les lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), which has a long-standing and successful experience in instruments for high energy physics and space physics instrumentation. The objective of this thesis is the design of the readout electronics for a pixelated CdTe detector, suitable for a stacked assembly. The principal parameters of this integrated circuit are a very low noise for reaching a good accuracy in X-ray energy measurement, very low power consumption, a critical parameter in space-borne applications, and a small dead area for the full system combining the detector and the readout electronics. In this work I have studied the limits of these three parameters in order to optimize the circuit.In terms of the spectral resolution, two categories of noise had to be distinguished to determine the final performance. The first is the Fano noise limit. related to detector interaction statistics, which cannot be eliminated. The second is the electronic noise, also unavoidable; however it can be minimized through optimization of the detection chain. Within the detector, establishing a small pixel pitch of 300 μm reduces the input capacitance and the dark current. This limits the effects of the electronic noise. Also in order to limit the input capacitance the future camera is designed as a stacked assembly of the detector with the readout ASIC. This allows to reach extremely good input parameters seen by the readout electronics: a capacitance in range of 0.3 pF - 1 pF and a dark current below 5 pA.In the frame of this thesis I have designed two ASICs. The first one, Caterpylar, is a testchip, which enables the characterization of differently dimensioned CSA circuits to choose the most suitable one for the final application. It is optimized for readout of the target CdTe detector with 300 μm pixel pitch and the corresponding input parameters. With this circuit I have also analyzed possible filtering methods, in particular the semi-Gaussian shaping and the Multi-Correlated Double Sampling (MCDS). Their comparison is preceded by the theoretical analysis of these shapers. The second ASIC D2R1 is a complete readout circuit, containing 256 channels to readout CdTe detector with the same number of pixels, arranged in 16×16 array. Each channel fits into a layout area of 300 μm × 300 μm. It is based on the MCDS processing with self-triggering capabilities. The mean electronic noise measured over all channels is 29 electrons rms when characterized without the detector. The corresponding power consumption is 315 μW⁄channel. With these results the future measurements with the detector give prospects for reaching an FWHM spectral resolution in the order of 600 eV at 60 keV