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Journal articles on the topic 'Frogs – Western Australia – South-West'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

A How, R., and M. A Cowan. "Collections in space and time: geographical patterning of native frogs, mammals and reptiles through a continental gradient." Pacific Conservation Biology 12, no. 2 (2006): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc060111.

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Native frog, mammal and reptile specimen data in the Western Australian Museum were examined from the western third of the Australian continent covering nearly 22 degrees of latitude and 16 degrees of longitude and encompassing tropical, desert and temperate regions. The timing of specimen data collection and collecting effort were evaluated and show that large areas of the State remain poorly sampled. The great majority of the collections have been made over the last 50 years and taxonomic status of many vertebrate species is still in review with several new species being described. Systematic surveys need to be undertaken to address the inadequacy of information on vertebrate fauna distributions over large tracts of the desert and pastoral areas of Western Australia. The distribution of taxa endemic to Western Australia, threatened and priority taxa as well as restricted?range endemic taxa were examined over equal areas based on the 1 :250 000 map series that covers the western third of the Australian continent. Endemic taxa are focused in the south-west of the state and along the west coast, while restricted-range endemics are more frequently distriooted along the west and northwestern coasts. Threatened and priority taxa show a similar pattern to that of endemic taxa. The similarity of areas across Western Australia, based on the composition of their vertebrate fauna, indicates that there are four broad regions corresponding to the tropical north, the mesic south-west, the semi-arid southwestern interior and the arid Pilbara and desert areas. Additionally, regional areas defined under the IBRA scheme were examined for the number of sampling locations, endemic taxa in the various fauna! groups and the richness of taxa recorded. The Pilbara bioregion, one of the best-sampled areas of the State, showed limited concordance between vertebrate taxa similarity in half-degree cells and subregional boundaries and relatively high heterogeneity in vertebrate fauna distribution across the bioregion.

2

Taylor, Christine M., Gunnar Keppel, Shaun O'Sullivan, Stefan Peters, Gregory D. Kerr, and Craig R. Williams. "Indiscriminate feeding by an alien population of the spotted-thighed frog (Litoria cyclorhyncha) in southern Australia and potential impacts on native biodiversity." Australian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 2 (2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo19042.

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Litoria cyclorhyncha (Hylidae) is native to southern Western Australia, but a naturalised population has established on the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia. We investigated the diet of this exotic population to assess potential impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems. Seventy-six frogs were collected from three different habitats and their diet items assigned to parataxonomic units (PU) within orders. Stomach contents were diverse, containing 467 prey items from 19 orders and 135 PU, with extrapolation suggesting a diet of ~200 PU. Shannon diversity estimates of prey items consumed produced different rankings for the three habitats at the PU and order level. Therefore, estimates at the order level may not be representative of the actual diversity of prey items. L. cyclorhyncha consumed mainly arthropods and low numbers of conspecific young frogs, geckos and a juvenile house mouse. This generalist, indiscriminate predatory diet is similar to that of other hylids and implies that the species poses a risk to native biodiversity and ecosystem processes by predation and competition. Therefore, further spread of this species needs to be prevented. Our findings can inform effective policies and management actions to mitigate future impacts of L. cyclorhyncha.

3

Roberts, J. D. "Geographic Variation in Calls of Males and Determination of Species Boundaries in Tetraploid Frogs of the Australian Genus Neobatrachus (Myobatrachidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 45, no. 2 (1997): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo96006.

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I analysed geographic variation in advertisement call of tetraploid forms of Neobatrachus. Comparing five regional samples spanning the range of N. kunapalari, there was significant geographic variation in pulses per call but not in dominant frequency, pulse rate, pulse duration or percentage rise time. The call of N. kunapalari was significantly different from four other samples covering the geographic range of tetraploid forms across Australia in all but percentage rise time. Calls of frogs from Mt Magnet in Western Australia (WA) differed from calls from Port Hedland (WA) in pulse duration and in multivariate descriptions but were similar in pulse rate. Pulse rates of calls from N. centralis on Eyre Peninsula in South Australia (SA) were distinct from all other populations sampled but in multivariate space these calls were similar to calls of N. sudellifrom eastern Australia. There may be an eastwest cline in call from N. sudelli to calls of N. aquilonius and N. centralis in WA. Call data support the recognition of two tetraploid species: N. kunapalari and N. sudelli. N. sudelli exhibits geographic variation in call, but the status of N. aquilonius and N. centralis as possible synonyms of N. sudelli was not resolved.

4

MAHONY, MICHAEL J., TRENT PENMAN, TERRY BERTOZZI, FRANK LEMCKERT, ROHAN BILNEY, and STEPHEN C. DONNELLAN. "Taxonomic revision of south-eastern Australian giant burrowing frogs (Anura: Limnodynastidae: Heleioporus Gray)." Zootaxa 5016, no. 4 (August 9, 2021): 451–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5016.4.1.

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The rarely encountered giant burrowing frog, Heleioporus australiacus, is distributed widely in a variety of sclerophyll forest habitats east of the Great Dividing Range in south-eastern Australia. Analyses of variation in nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial ND4 gene and thousands of nuclear gene SNPs revealed the presence of two deeply divergent lineages. Multivariate morphological comparisons show the two lineages differ in body proportions with > 91% of individuals being correctly classified in DFA. The two lineages differ in the number and size of spots on the lateral surfaces and the degree by which the cloaca is surrounded by colour patches. The mating calls are significantly different in number of pulses in the note. The presence of a F2 hybrid in the area where the distribution of the two taxa come into closest proximity leads us to assign subspecies status to the lineages, as we have not been able to assess the extent of potential genetic introgression. In our sampling, the F2 hybrid sample sits within an otherwise unsampled gap of ~90km between the distributions of the two lineages. The nominate northern sub-species is restricted to the Sydney Basin bioregion, while the newly recognised southern subspecies occurs from south of the Kangaroo Valley in the mid-southern coast of New South Wales to near Walhalla in central Gippsland in Victoria. The habitat of the two subspecies is remarkably similar. Adults spend large portions of their lives on the forest floor where they forage and burrow in a variety of vegetation communities. The southern subspecies occurs most commonly in dry sclerophyll forests with an open understory in the south and in open forest and heath communities with a dense understory in the north of its distribution. The northern subspecies is also found in dry open forests and heaths in association with eroded sandstone landscapes in the Sydney Basin bioregion. Males of both taxa call from both constructed burrows and open positions on small streams, differing from the five Western Australian species of Heleioporus where males call only from constructed burrows. Using the IUCN Red List process, we found that the extent of occupancy and area of occupancy along with evidence of decline for both subspecies are consistent with the criteria for Endangered (A2(c)B2(a)(b)).

5

DONNELLAN, S. C., M. J. MAHONY, and T. BERTOZZI. "A new species of Pseudophryne (Anura: Myobatrachidae) from the central Australian ranges." Zootaxa 3476, no. 1 (September 10, 2011): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3476.1.4.

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The myobatrachid frog genus Pseudophryne is highly variable in color pattern in eastern Australia where many species are distinguished by distinctive dorsal patterns. In contrast Pseudophryne from the western half of the continent are morphologically conservative. Two nominal species are widespread in south-western Australia and north-western South Australia, with one, P. occidentalis, being found in semi-arid and arid regions. Using mitochondrial DNA and morphological characters we establish that populations in the ranges of north-western South Australia assigned to P. occidentalis are a separate species. The new species comprises one of four major lineages of Pseudophryne while P. occidentalis falls within another lineage confined to south-western Australia.

6

Sedaghat, Bibirabea, Ralf Schaa, Alex Costall, Brett Harris, Jingming Duan, Andrew Pethick, and Wenping Jiang. "Magnetotelluric, Basin Structure and Hydrodynamics; South West of Western Australia." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2018, no. 1 (December 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2018abp095.

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7

Arnold, GW, PG Ozanne, KA Galbraith, and F. Dandridge. "The capeweed content of pastures in south-west Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 1 (1985): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850117.

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The capeweed (Arctotheca calendula) content of pastures in the agricultural areas of Western Australia was estimated from coloured aerial photographs taken during flowering. Linear regressions were obtained between a visual score for capeweed content based on colour and the actual capeweed content of calibration sites. Surveys in 1972, 1973 and 1975 showed that 1973 was a year of high capeweed content in all areas compared with 1972 and 1975. The content was higher in lower-rainfall wheatbelt areas, where it averaged about 50% of pasture dry matter in 1973, than in the high-rainfall grazing areas, where the average was 37%. Fluctuations from year to year were followed on fixed sites between 1973 and 1977. The high rainfall sites varied more from year to year in capeweed content than did the low-rainfall sites. A detailed survey of one farm was made between 1972 and 1976 and this confirmed the indications from the other broadscale surveys that 1973 and 1976 were years that favoured capeweed. They were years when germination was followed by a 4-5 week dry period. Soil type and position in the landscape were also shown to influence the capeweed content of pastures.

8

HOBBS, RICHARD J., and LYN ATKINS. "Spatial variability of experimental fires in south-west Western Australia." Austral Ecology 13, no. 3 (September 1988): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1988.tb00977.x.

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9

Hart, J. M., and M. J. Henwood. "Brachyscias (Apiaceae): a new genus from south-west Western Australia." Australian Systematic Botany 12, no. 2 (1999): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb98002.

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The new monotypic genus Brachyscias (Apiaceae) isdescribed from south-west Western Australia.Brachyscias verecundus J.M.Hart & M.J.Henwoodshowsclosest affinities to the endemic genusChlaenosciadium,but differs from this genus in itspossession of glabrous, ternately divided leaves, its foliaceous involucralbracts and bracteoles (with no whorl of bracts around flowers between therays) and by its nectaries being adnate to the styles. The undulate surfacetexture of the fruit of Brachyscias further separates itfrom Chlaenosciadium.

10

King, DR, AJ Oliver, and SH Wheeler. "The European Rabbit Flea, Spilopsyllus Cuniculi, in South-Western Australia." Wildlife Research 12, no. 2 (1985): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9850227.

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Spilopsyllus cuniculi, a vector of myxomatosis, was introduced by various methods at several sites in the south-west of Western Australia in May 1969 for the biological control of rabbits. It spread rapidly and within 14 months all rabbits collected within about 5 km of one of the release sites were infested with fleas. Further introductions of the flea during the past decade have resulted in a wide distribution for it throughout the south-west of the state. Flea numbers fluctuate seasonally and are highest in reproductively active female rabbits in winter and spring. Since the introductions of the flea, the timing of epizootics of myxomatosis has changed and their effect on rabbit populations has increased.

11

Song, Yong, Yun Li, Bryson Bates, and Christopher K. Wikle. "A Bayesian hierarchical downscaling model for south-west Western Australia rainfall." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C (Applied Statistics) 63, no. 5 (February 4, 2014): 715–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rssc.12055.

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12

You, M. P., M. J. Barbetti, and K. Sivasithamparam. "Occurrence ofPhytophthora clandestinaraces across rainfall zones in south-west Western Australia." Australasian Plant Pathology 35, no. 1 (2006): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ap05090.

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13

Golledge, Clayton L., Weng Soon Chin, Anthony E. Tribe, Robert J. Condon, and Leslie R. Ashdown. "A case of human melioidosis originating in south‐west Western Australia." Medical Journal of Australia 157, no. 5 (September 1992): 332–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1992.tb137192.x.

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14

Cooper, C. E., P. C. Withers, P. R. Mawson, S. D. Bradshaw, J. Prince, and H. Roberston. "Metabolic ecology of cockatoos in the south-west of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 50, no. 1 (2002): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo00067.

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This study examined the metabolic ecology of six cockatoo taxa endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. As the availability of food is one factor that may influence the abundance and distribution of these cockatoos, we document here their baseline energy requirements and feeding patterns. Evaporative waterloss was also measured as this may correlate with the aridity of the species’ environment. Basal metabolic rate was significantly lower at 0.62 ± 0.13 mL O2 g–1 h–1 for the inland red-tailed black cockatoo than 1.11 ± 0.16 mL O2 g–1 h–1 for the forest red-tailed black cockatoo, but there was no significant difference in metabolic rate between the two white-tailed black cockatoos (0.86 ± 0.18 for Carnaby’s and 0.81 ± 0.11 mL O2 g–1 h–1 for Baudin’s) or the two corellas (0.95 ± 0.12 for Butler’s and 0.70 ± 0.04 mL O2 g–1 h–1 for Muir’s). There were no significant differences between the two white-tailed black cockatoos, and between the two corellas, with respect to evaporative water loss. The inland red-tailed black cockatoo had a significantly lower rate of evaporative water loss (0.44 ± 0.07 mg g–1 h–1) than the forest red-tailed black cockatoo (0.70 ± 0.06 mg g–1 h–1), which is presumably an adaptation to its more arid habitat. The total energy content of assorted native and introduced food items that form significant proportions of the diets for these cockatoos varied from only 0.17 kJ for a 9-mg Emex australis seed to 63.9 kJ for a 3-g Banksia attenuata nut. The energy content of each food item and the estimated daily energy requirements of the cockatoos enabled the calculation of the numbers of nuts/cones/seeds required by each species for a day, which ranged from 11 B. attenuata nuts for a Carnaby’s cockatoo to 3592 Persoonia longifolia seeds for a forest red-tailed black cockatoo.

15

Skurray, James H., E. J. Roberts, and David J. Pannell. "Hydrological challenges to groundwater trading: Lessons from south-west Western Australia." Journal of Hydrology 412-413 (January 2012): 256–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.05.034.

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16

Cresswell, GR, and JL Peterson. "The Leeuwin Current south of Western Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 44, no. 2 (1993): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9930285.

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Satellite images as well as data collected in situ were used to follow the seasonal changes of the Leeuwin Current south of Western Australia (WA) in 1986-87. The current has two major sources: salty subtropical water from west of WA, and fresher tropical water from north of WA. In summer, the tropical waters are excluded by the strong equatorward wind stress. In autumn and winter, this wind stress is reduced and tropical waters flood southward to dominate the flow. Nevertheless, salty subtropical water is entrained en route, and so, whatever the season, the Leeuwin Current is more saline than the 'local' subantarctic waters off southern WA. From a research vessel, observations were made on the current and one of its offshoots in June 1987. The Leeuwin Current had a maximum surface speed of more than 1 m s-1 just beyond the shelf edge. Its warm, low-salinity surface core rode on a sheath of higher-salinity subtropical water that it had entrained upstream. The first survey of the offshoot showed it to be 50 km across and 130 m deep (for water warmer than 17�C), and it extended 200 km seaward (as deduced from a satellite image). Velocities in the offshoot ranged up to 1 m s-1 southward and 1 m s-1 north-eastward on the western and eastern sides, respectively. Richardson numbers were, in places, as low as 0.25. On a second survey two days later, the offshoot was found to have pinched off and the remnant bulge on the edge of the parent stream to have moved 30 km eastward. The flow around this bulge reached 1.6 m s-'. The offshoot/bulge was possibly first formed in April, and it kept its identity at least until August. During this time, it moved eastward at speeds between 2 and 15 km day-1. In June, the offshoot was estimated to contain water equivalent to five days' transport of the parent current.

17

Peacock, D. E. "Historical accounts of the numbat Myrmecobius fasciatus from south-west Western Australia." Australian Mammalogy 28, no. 1 (2006): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am06012.

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The numbat (Myrmecobius fasciatus ) was formerly widespread across most of southern Western Australia, South Australia and western New South Wales. It delined in the early 1900's, possibly due to foxes, cats, or an epizootic. Protection through control of foxes and cats, and translocation, has resulted in several populations being re-established at sites of historical distribution.

18

Cochrane, HR, G. Scholz, and AME Vanvreswyk. "Sodic soils in Western Australia." Soil Research 32, no. 3 (1994): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9940359.

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Sodic soils are common throughout Western Australia, particularly in the south-west agricultural area where they occur mainly as duplex or gradational profiles. Soils with sodic properties are dominant in 26% of the state; saline-sodic sediments and soils in intermittent streams, lakes and estuarine plains occupy a further 5%. Sodic soils are moderately common throughout the south and western portion of the rangeland areas (38% of the state). The south-west coastal sands and the desert and rangeland soils to the north and east of the state are rarely sodic. Although sodicity has been recognized as a discrete problem in W.A. soils since the 1920s, the extent and severity of sodicity has been satisfactorily described only for small areas of the state and most land managers are unaware of the role sodicity plays in limiting the productivity of their soils. Sodicity is implicated in a diversity of problems for both agricultural and non-agricultural uses of Western Australian soils. Subsoil impermeability is probably the most widespread of these, but no comprehensive, quantitative assessment of the influence of exchangeable sodium on subsoil properties has been undertaken. Topsoil sodicity is much less extensive but can severely restrict land productivity, particularly on sandy loam and finer textured soils which set hard when dry. The physical behaviour of Western Australian topsoils cannot usefully be predicted from measurements of exchangeable sodium alone because soils differ so greatly in their response to changing exchangeable sodium. Some remain structurally stable at ESP values >15 while others are so 'sodium-sensitive' that they exhibit highly dispersive behaviour at ESP values as low as 2%. Land values over much of the dryland farming and pastoral areas of W.A. do not justify sustained use of amendments which would reduce soil exchangeable sodium contents. Efficient management of sodic soils in these areas must rely on the prevention of degradation and the use of biological and physical means to maintain adequate soil physical properties. Effective restoration of degraded sodic soils, however, often does require application of inorganic amendments in combination with tillage to initiate structural recovery. Sodicity is currently not considered to be a problem at any of the three main irrigation areas in W.A., but all have sodic soil within their potentially irrigable lands, which may limit their future expansion.

19

Makinson, Robert, and Peter Olde. "A new species of Grevillea (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae) from south-west Western Australia." Telopea 4, no. 2 (March 1, 1991): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea19914933.

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20

Cotter, J. L., A. Van Burgel, and R. B. Besier. "Anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of beef cattle in south-west Western Australia." Veterinary Parasitology 207, no. 3-4 (January 2015): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.11.019.

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21

Forbes, Matt, Ryan Vogwill, and Kimberly Onton. "A characterisation of the coastal tufa deposits of south–west Western Australia." Sedimentary Geology 232, no. 1-2 (December 2010): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2010.09.009.

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22

Lindsay, Michael D. A., Andrew Jardine, Cheryl A. Johansen, Anthony E. Wright, Susan A. Harrington, and Philip Weinstein. "Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) fauna in inland areas of south-west Western Australia." Australian Journal of Entomology 46, no. 1 (February 2007): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.2007.00581.x.

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23

Ritson, P., N. E. Pettit, and J. F. McGrath. "Fertilising Eucalypts at Plantation Establishment on Farmland in south-west Western Australia." Australian Forestry 54, no. 3 (January 1991): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.1991.10674570.

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24

Pradzynski, Janusz, and Oren Yiftachel. "Regional Planning and Economic Development in the South West Region, Western Australia." Urban Policy and Research 9, no. 2 (June 1991): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08111149108551467.

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25

Gent, Dominique Van, and Sandeep Sharma. "The South West Hub: carbon storage in the southwest of Western Australia." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2019, no. 1 (November 11, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22020586.2019.12073245.

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26

Stalker, Linda, Dominique Van Gent, Sandeep Sharma, and Martin Burke. "South West Hub Project: appraising a carbon storage resource in Western Australia." APPEA Journal 55, no. 2 (2015): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj14107.

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The South West Hub Carbon Capture and Storage Project (SWH), managed by the WA Department of Mines and Petroleum (WA DMP), is evaluating the potential for a commercial-scale carbon storage site near major emissions sites in southwest WA. The area under investigation is in the southern Perth Basin, focusing on a 150 km2 area in the shires of Harvey and Waroona. WA DMP is conducting a major feasibility study and collecting pre-competitive data in partnership with the local community. The activities are done in a stage-gate model to obtain relevant information on the potential storage capacity, containment security and injectivity of the geology. Following a smaller 2D seismic survey and the drilling of the Harvey–1 stratigraphic well, a more complex 3D seismic survey was undertaken in February to March, 2014. These activities have confirmed the potential for commercial-scale CO2 storage. A new work package has been initiated with the drilling of three wells (Harvey–2, –3 and –4) underway and plans to drill a fifth well in the next 12 months. The stage-gate approach has been cost-effective, resulting in a carefully planned data acquisition and research program. The approach allows new results, information and potential future activities to be rolled out to stakeholders and the community in the area.

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Ramalingam, Malarvili, Andrea Hinwood, Mary Boyce, Caroline Barton, Anna Callan, Jane Heyworth, Peter McCafferty, and Jon Oyvind Odland. "Metals Exposure in Pregnant Women in South West Western Australia—Preliminary Results." Epidemiology 22 (January 2011): S61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000391850.66740.b1.

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Ricard, L., K. Michael, S. Whittaker, B. Harris, A. Hortle, L. Stalker, and B. Freifeld. "Well-based Monitoring Schemes for the South West Hub Project, Western Australia." Energy Procedia 114 (July 2017): 5791–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1717.

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29

Barlow, BA. "Regelia punicea (N.Byrnes) Barlow, comb.nov. (Myrtaceae) from the Northern Territory: Phytogeographic implications." Brunonia 9, no. 1 (1986): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bru9860089.

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On the basis of habit, habitat and floral characters, Melaleuca punicea N. Byrnes from Arnhem Land is more satisfactorily placed in the genus Regelia, which otherwise is confined to the south-west of Western Australia. This disjunct occurrence of a relatively unspecialized member of its group of genera indicates that it is relictual, and that the origin of the group may not have been in the south-west of Western Australia.

30

Sherwood, John E., Jim M. Bowler, Stephen P. Carey, John Hellstrom, Ian J. McNiven, Colin V. Murray-Wallace, John R. Prescott, et al. "The Moyjil site, south-west Victoria, Australia: chronology." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 130, no. 2 (2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs18005.

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An unusual shell deposit at Moyjil (Point Ritchie), Warrnambool, in western Victoria, has previously been dated at 67±10 ka and has features suggesting a human origin. If human, the site would be one of Australia’s oldest, justifying a redetermination of age using amino acid racemisation (AAR) dating of Lunella undulata (syn. Turbo undulatus) opercula (the dominant shellfish present) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) of the host calcarenite. AAR dating of the shell bed and four Last Interglacial (LIG) beach deposits at Moyjil and Goose Lagoon, 30 km to the west, confirmed a LIG age. OSL analysis of the host sand revealed a complex mixing history, with a significant fraction (47%) of grains giving an early LIG age (120–125 ka) using a three-component mixing model. Shell deposition following the LIG sea-level maximum at 120–125 ka is consistent with stratigraphic evidence. A sand layer immediately below the shell deposit gave an age of ~240 ka (i.e. MIS 7) and appears to have been a source of older sand incorporated into the shell deposit. Younger ages (~60–80 ka) are due to bioturbation before calcrete finally sealed the deposit. Uranium/thorium methods were not applicable to L. undulata opercula or an otolith of the fish Argyrosomus hololepidotus because they failed to act as closed systems. A U–Th age of 103 ka for a calcrete sheet within the 240 ka sand indicates a later period of carbonate deposition. Calcium carbonate dripstone from a LIG wave-cut notch gave a U–Th age of 11–14 ka suggesting sediment cover created a cave-like environment at the notch at this time. The three dating techniques have collectively built a chronology spanning the periods before and after deposition of the shell bed, which occurred just after the LIG sea-level maximum (120–125 ka).

31

Barrett-Lennard, Edward G., Geoffrey C. Anderson, Karen W. Holmes, and Aidan Sinnott. "High soil sodicity and alkalinity cause transient salinity in south-western Australia." Soil Research 54, no. 4 (2016): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr15052.

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Transient salinity associated with increased dispersion of clays is arguably one of the most economically important soil constraints in Australia because it occurs on land that is regularly cropped. However, this issue is rarely studied. This paper examines the occurrence of transient salinity on agricultural land in the south-west of Western Australia and the factors causing it. We analysed four soil datasets from the region, collected at scales varying from the entire south-west to a single paddock. A variety of soil parameters were correlated with increased electrical conductivity (EC1:5). The most significant relationships were invariably with measures of exchangeable sodium (Na+; 53–85% of variance accounted for), and this factor appears to be most responsible for transient salinity. Another parameter correlated with increased EC1:5 was alkalinity. This has been associated with the increased dispersion of kaolinite and consequent decreases in soil hydraulic conductivity; kaolinite is the most common clay mineral in the south-west of Western Australia. Other factors correlated with increased EC1:5 were increasing clay, increasing depth in the soil profile and decreasing rainfall. These factors are environmental indicators of transient salinity. Affected soils might be ameliorated by application of agents to increase soil hydraulic conductivity, such as gypsum and/or elemental sulfur.

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González-Orozco, Carlos E., Shawn W. Laffan, and Joseph T. Miller. "Spatial distribution of species richness and endemism of the genus Acacia in Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 59, no. 7 (2011): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt11112.

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The aim of this study is to identify and map the spatial distribution of species richness and endemism of the genus Acacia in Australia. A database of 171 758 geo-referenced herbarium records representing 1020 Acacia species was assembled and aggregated to a 0.25° grid cell resolution. A neighbourhood analysis of one-cell radius was applied to each of the grid cells to map the spatial patterns of species richness and endemism. The primary centres of species richness are in accordance with previous results, occurring in the South-West Botanical Province in Western Australia, the MacPherson-Macleay overlap and the Central Coast of the Sydney Sandstone region. We identify 21 centres of endemism, of which six were previously unrecognised. The primary centres of endemism are located in South-West Western Australia, the Kimberley District and the Wet Tropics in Queensland. The South-West Botanical Province in Western Australia contained the greatest number of regions with the highest number of endemic species of Acacia. A randomisation test showed that our 21 centres of endemism were significantly different from random. The majority of centres of Acacia endemism were incongruent with the centres of species richness, with only three grid cells in the top 1% for both measures. We also confirm that South-West Western Australia is a region of very high species richness and endemism, in accordance with its status as a global hotspot of biodiversity.

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Gibson, N., G. J. Keighery, M. N. Lyons, and B. J. Keighery. "Threatened plant communities of Western Australia. 2 The seasonal clay-based wetland communities of the South West." Pacific Conservation Biology 11, no. 4 (2005): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc050287.

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The communities of seasonal clay-based wetlands of south-west Australia are described. They are amongst the most threatened In Western Australia. It is estimated that >90% of the original extent of these communities has been cleared for agriculture, and the remaining areas, despite largely occurring in conservation reserves, are threatened by weed invasion and rising saline groundwater. Thirty-six taxa are identified as claypan specialists occurring in six floristic communities. Composition was strongly correlated with rainfall and edaphic factors. The most consistent attribute shared between the seasonal clay-based wetlands of south-west Australia, and the analogous vernal pools systems of California, Chile, and South Africa was the widespread conversion of these wetlands to agricultural systems. The south-west Australia wetlands had a richer flora, different lifeform composition, higher species richness but fewer claypan specialists than the vernal pools of California. The dissimilarity in the regional floras and vegetation types from which the pool floras were recruited explain these differences.

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Prada, Diana, Victoria Boyd, Michelle L. Baker, Mark O’Dea, and Bethany Jackson. "Viral Diversity of Microbats within the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia." Viruses 11, no. 12 (December 13, 2019): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11121157.

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Bats are known reservoirs of a wide variety of viruses that rarely result in overt clinical disease in the bat host. However, anthropogenic influences on the landscape and climate can change species assemblages and interactions, as well as undermine host-resilience. The cumulative result is a disturbance of bat–pathogen dynamics, which facilitate spillover events to sympatric species, and may threaten bat communities already facing synergistic stressors through ecological change. Therefore, characterisation of viral pathogens in bat communities provides important basal information to monitor and predict the emergence of diseases relevant to conservation and public health. This study used targeted molecular techniques, serological assays and next generation sequencing to characterise adenoviruses, coronaviruses and paramyxoviruses from 11 species of insectivorous bats within the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia. Phylogenetic analysis indicated complex ecological interactions including virus–host associations, cross-species infections, and multiple viral strains circulating concurrently within selected bat populations. Additionally, we describe the entire coding sequences for five alphacoronaviruses (representing four putative new species), and one novel adenovirus. Results indicate that viral burden (both prevalence and richness) is not homogeneous among species, with Chalinolobus gouldii identified as a key epidemiological element within the studied communities.

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Mitton, Craig, and Sarah Prout. "Setting priorities in the south west of Western Australia: where are we now?" Australian Health Review 28, no. 3 (2004): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah040301.

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Due to resource scarcity, health care decision makers must make choices about what services to fund. In exploring the potential for developing a formal approach to priority setting in the South West Area Health Service (SWAHS) in Western Australia, we carried out a qualitative survey of senior decision makers. Respondents indicated that resources were primarily allocated on the basis of historical patterns. Suggested improvements for priority setting include development of a transparent approach to priority setting, better intra-organisational communication, public input in the form of identifying social determinants of health, and having an organisational ?credible commitment? in planning processes.

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Lim, David, Geoff Strachan, Dominique Van Gent, and Sandeep Sharma. "Underground storage of carbon dioxide in the Harvey area, south-west Western Australia." APPEA Journal 57, no. 1 (2017): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj16042.

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Underground storage of carbon dioxide as a means of reducing atmospheric emissions of CO2 has been examined both theoretically and practically over the past decade. There is a large amount of research and field experience in the energy sector to show that underground storage of CO2 is feasible. The Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute has identified 38i large-scale projects (operating and/or in the planning) with many companies currently sequestering tons of CO2 per year. This paper reports on static and dynamic modelling studies conducted on the Harvey structure, onshore Perth Basin, to assess the suitability of the Lesueur Sandstone in the Lower Lesueur Region of Western Australia as a potential geological CO2 sequestration site. The study area for this project within this structure covers 332 km2 and is located approximately 13 km north-west of the town of Harvey, south of Perth. The static and dynamic modelling investigated a suite of full field simulation models that cover a range of subsurface uncertainties providing confidence that the CO2 plume stays below 800 mTVDss (metres true vertical depth sub sea) within the storage complex for more than 1000 years after injection ceases. The results of the modelling show that it could be feasible to inject 800 000 tonnes CO2 per annum over 30 years into the storage complex. Modelling studies shows that the main factors controlling CO2 plume migration are trapped gas saturation and the solubility of CO2 in brine.

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Philip, Priya, and Bofu Yu. "Interannual variations in rainfall of different intensities in South West of Western Australia." International Journal of Climatology 40, no. 6 (December 2, 2019): 3052–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.6382.

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Ingram, Gloria, and Trish Sherwood. "A profile of Farm tourism: the South West Tapestry Region of Western Australia." Rural Society 12, no. 1 (January 2002): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/rsj.12.1.17.

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Stalker, Linda, and Dominique Van Gent. "South West Hub CCS Project in Western Australia – Characterisation of a Greenfield Site." Energy Procedia 63 (2014): 5041–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.534.

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Lu, Bin, Andrew Blakers, and Matthew Stocks. "90–100% renewable electricity for the South West Interconnected System of Western Australia." Energy 122 (March 2017): 663–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.01.077.

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Maino, James L., Matthew Binns, and Paul Umina. "No longer a west-side story – pesticide resistance discovered in the eastern range of a major Australian crop pest, Halotydeus destructor (Acari: Penthaleidae)." Crop and Pasture Science 69, no. 2 (2018): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp17327.

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The redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Tucker) (Acari: Penthaleidae), is an important pest of pastures, broad-acre crops, and vegetables across southern Australia. Populations of H. destructor in Western Australia have been known to be resistant to pyrethroid and organophosphorus pesticides since 2006 and 2014, respectively. Resistant populations are currently widespread across Western Australia’s southern growing region but have, until now, remained undetected in the large south-eastern Australian range of H. destructor, despite ongoing resistance screening since 2006. Following reports of a field control failure in the Upper South East district in South Australia in 2016, resistance testing determined this South Australian population was resistant to pyrethroid and organophosphorus pesticides. The levels of resistance discovered were similar to resistant H. destructor populations in Western Australia, which are associated with chemical control failures. This work confirms for the first-time that pesticide resistant populations of H. destructor are no longer isolated to Western Australia.

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Phillips, Ryan D., Gary Backhouse, Andrew P. Brown, and Stephen D. Hopper. "Biogeography of Caladenia (Orchidaceae), with special reference to the South-west Australian Floristic Region." Australian Journal of Botany 57, no. 4 (2009): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt08157.

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Caladenia contains 376 species and subspecies, of which almost all are endemic to temperate and southern semiarid Australia. Eleven species occur in New Zealand, 10 of which are endemic, and one species is widely distributed in eastern Australia and the western Pacific. Only three species occur in both south-western and south-eastern Australia. At subgeneric level, Drakonorchis is endemic to the South-west Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR), Stegostyla to eastern Australia and New Zealand, whereas three subgenera, Calonema, Phlebochilus and Elevatae occur on both sides of the Nullarbor Plain. Subgenus Caladenia is primarily eastern Australian but also extends to the western Pacific. The largest subgenera (Calonema and Phlebochilus) have radiated extensively, with Calonema exhibiting a greater concentration of species in more mesic parts of the SWAFR than Phlebochilus. Within the SWAFR, the major biogeographic division within Caladenia follows the 600-mm isohyet. Within rainfall zones, biogeographic districts for Caladenia correlate with a combination of underlying geology and surface soils. Areas of high endemism contain diverse edaphic environments. Climatic and edaphic requirements are likely to be key drivers of rarity in Caladenia, although these parameters may be acting in concert with mycorrhizal and pollinator specificity.

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ANSTIS, MARION, MICHAEL J. TYLER, J. DALE ROBERTS, LUKE C. PRICE, and PAUL DOUGHTY. "A new species of Litoria (Anura: Hylidae) with a highly distinctive tadpole from the north-western Kimberley region of Western Australia." Zootaxa 2550, no. 1 (July 27, 2010): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2550.1.3.

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We describe a small hylid frog species with a highly distinctive tadpole from the Kimberley region of northern Western Australia. The new taxon is morphologically very similar to Litoria meiriana but can be differentiated using a combination of adult and larval morphology and male calls. Tadpoles of the new taxon can be readily differentiated from those of L. meiriana by their unique black, gold and red pigment patterns and the continuous papillary border around the oral disc. Advertisement calls of L. aurifera sp. nov. are longer, have more pulses, have more marked frequency modulation and are produced at a lower rate than those of L. meiriana. Litoria aurifera sp. nov. is only known from locations up to about 100 km south of the Prince Regent River and is associated with small creeks on massive sandstone escarpments, while L. meiriana is widespread in escarpments across northern Western Australia and the northern part of the Northern Territory.

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Halse, S. A., J. K. Ruprecht, and A. M. Pinder. "Salinisation and prospects for biodiversity in rivers and wetlands of south-west Western Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 51, no. 6 (2003): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt02113.

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Saline water was common in south-west Western Australian aquatic systems prior to land-clearing because most streams and wetlands were ephemeral and evapo-concentrated as they dried, and there were high concentrations of stored salt in groundwater and soil profiles. Nevertheless, a 1998 review of salinity trends in rivers of south-west Western Australia showed that 20-fold increases in salinity concentrations had occurred since clearing in the medium-rainfall zone (300–700 mm). More recent data confirm these trends and show that elevated salinities have already caused substantial changes to the biological communities of aquatic ecosystems. Further substantial changes will occur, despite the flora and fauna of the south-west being comparatively well adapted to the presence of salinity in the landscape. Up to one-third of wetland and river invertebrate species, large numbers of plants and a substantial proportion of the waterbird fauna will disappear from the wheatbelt, a region that has high biodiversity value and endemism. Increased salinities are not the only threat associated with salinisation: increased water volumes, longer periods of inundation and more widespread acidity are also likely to be detrimental to the biota.

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Wheeler, SH, and DR King. "The European Rabbit in South- Western Australia II. Reproduction." Wildlife Research 12, no. 2 (1985): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9850197.

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'The reproduction of the European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.), at two intensive study sites in south-western Australia is compared with reproductive data from rabbits taken throughout the coastal and inland districts of the south-west region. South-western Australia has hot, arid summers and cool wet winters. Rabbit breeding in the region is characteristic of that in Mediterranean climates, with a winter breeding season which begins when pastures germinate with the initial winter rainfall (April-May) and ceases when the pastures dry out at the end of the year. Unseasonal cyclonic rain can promote pasture growth in summer, leading to limited breeding. At all times of year there were some fertile males, with fewest at the height of summer, followed by an increase before the winter breeding season. Near the coast, male fertility increased more rapidly than further inland. At our two study sites at Cape Naturaliste (on the coast) and Chidlow (55 km inland) the pattern was similar to that in the coastal district. Production of kittens was greater near the coast than further inland, because near the coast there was a high early peak in incidence of pregnancy, a second peak late in the year, and litters remained large throughout the breeding season. In the inland district, the early incidence of pregnancy was lower, there was no second peak, and litter sizes fell at the end of the year. Female reproduction at Cape Naturaliste was typical of that in the coastal district, but that at Chidlow was typical of the inland. The second peak of pregnancy at Cape Naturaliste was due to intensive breeding by subadults born earlier in the year. The differences in female reproduction and productivity between the coastal and inland districts are probably because pasture growth begins earlier and is better in the more fertile coastal areas than in the inland. That nutrition is better for rabbits in the coastal areas than in the inland is reflected in higher growth rates of kittens at Cape Naturaliste than at Chidlow. It is postulated, on the basis of the literature and the results of our studies, that the factor which determines whether rabbits will breed is the presence of growing vegetation, and that the intensity of breeding is influenced by a seasonal cycle in fertility.

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Tabain, Marija, and Andrew Butcher. "Pitjantjatjara." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 44, no. 2 (July 25, 2014): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100314000073.

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Pitjantjatjara is a dialect of the Western Desert Language (WDL) of central Australia (Douglas 1958). The Western Desert Language is a member of the south-west Pama-Nyungan group. Together with Warnman, it forms the Wati sub-group. It is spoken by 4000–5000 people, and covers the widest geographical area of any language in Australia, stretching from Woomera in central northern South Australia, as far west as Kalgoorlie and Meekatharra and north to Balgo Hills, in Western Australia. The main dialects, which differ most in regards the lexicon but also to some extent in grammar and phonology, include Pitjantjatjara, Yankunytjatjara, Ngaanyatjarra, Ngaatjatjarra, Southern Luritja, Pintupi-Luritja, Kukatja, Gugarda, Ngalia, Wangkatja, Wangkatha, Manyjilyjarra, Kartutjarra and Yurlparija. It is perhaps more accurately conceived of as a dialect chain, whereby a dialect such as Pitjantjatjara is mutually intelligible with its neighbours Ngaanyatjatjarra and Yankunytjatjara, but not with dialects more distant than these, such as Kukatja and Manyjilyjarra.

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Henwood, Murray J. "Actinotus repens Keighery ex Henwood (Apiaceae): A new species from south-west Western Australia." Telopea 15 (December 13, 2013): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea2013025.

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Lindsay, Michael D. A., Cheryl A. Johansen, Margaret J. Wallace, John S. Mackenzie, and David W. Smith. "An outbreak of Barmah Forest virus disease in the south‐west of Western Australia." Medical Journal of Australia 162, no. 6 (March 1995): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb139902.x.

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Sherwood, Patricia. "PATTERNS OF USE OF COMPLEMENTARY HEALTH SERVICES IN THE SOUTH-WEST OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA." Australian Journal of Rural Health 8, no. 4 (June 28, 2008): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1584.2000.tb00355.x.

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Sherwood, Patricia. "Patterns of Use of Complementary Health Services in the South-West of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Rural Health 8, no. 4 (August 2000): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1584.2000.00283.x.

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