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Sugiura, Shinji. "Anti-predator defences of a bombardier beetle: is bombing essential for successful escape from frogs?" PeerJ 6 (November 30, 2018): e5942. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5942.
Some animals, such as the bombardier beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Brachinini), have evolved chemical defences against predators. When attacked, bombardier beetles can discharge noxious chemicals at temperatures of approximately 100 °C from the tip of their abdomens, “bombing” their attackers. Although many studies to date have investigated how bombardier beetles discharge defensive chemicals against predators, relatively little research has examined how predators modify their attacks on bombardier beetles to avoid being bombed. In this study, I observed the black-spotted pond frog Pelophylax nigromaculatus (Anura: Ranidae) attacking the bombardier beetle Pheropsophus jessoensis under laboratory conditions. In Japan, Pe. nigromaculatus is a generalist predator in grasslands where the bombardier beetle frequently occurs. Almost all the frogs (92.9%) observed rejected live bombardier beetles; 67.9% stopped their attacks once their tongues touched the beetles, and 25.0% spat out the beetles immediately after taking the beetles into their mouths. No beetle bombed a frog before being taken into a frog’s mouth. All beetles taken into mouths bombed the frogs. Only 7.1% of the frogs swallowed live bombardier beetles after being bombed in the mouth. When dead beetles were provided instead, 85.7% of the frogs rejected the dead beetles, 71.4% stopped their attacks after their tongues touched the beetles, and 14.3% spat out the beetles. Only 14.3% of the frogs swallowed the dead beetles. The results suggest that the frogs tended to stop their predatory attack before receiving a bombing response from the beetles. Therefore, bombing was not essential for the beetles to successfully defend against the frogs. Using its tongue, Pe. nigromaculatus may be able to rapidly detect a deterrent chemical or physical characteristics of its potential prey Ph. jessoensis and thus avoid injury by stopping its predatory attack before the beetle bombs it.
Frog decline in Australia has often occurred where habitat is relatively intact. Habitat alteration and loss do, however, threaten many species. Widespread degradation of aquatic and terrestrial systems has occurred since European settlement, with only 6.4% of Australia's landmass reserved for conservation. But what do we know about how frogs use modified Australian landscapes? Do wildlife managers have the information required to ensure that frog habitat is considered in the management and revegetation of these areas? This review examines published Australian research on frogs to determine knowledge on processes of habitat loss and degradation. Literature that informs landscape restoration and revegetation is also examined to determine whether the habitat needs of frogs are considered. While many threats associated with frog habitat loss and change have been identified there is little quantitative information on frog–habitat relationships in modified landscapes, habitat fragmentation or knowledge of the connectivity required between terrestrial and aquatic frog habitat. Without this information frogs have largely been ignored in efforts to revegetate and manage for the conservation of Australian biota outside reserves. Ecological frog research in modified landscapes is required to avoid land-management decisions and conservation strategies based on inappropriate assumptions of how biota respond to landscape change.
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Woinarski, J. C. Z., S. M. Legge, L. A. Woolley, R. Palmer, C. R. Dickman, J. Augusteyn, T. S. Doherty, et al. "Predation by introduced cats Felis catus on Australian frogs: compilation of species records and estimation of numbers killed." Wildlife Research 47, no. 8 (2020): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19182.
Abstract ContextWe recently estimated the numbers of reptiles, birds and mammals killed by cats (Felis catus) in Australia, with these assessments providing further evidence that cats have significant impacts on Australian wildlife. No previous studies have estimated the numbers of frogs killed by cats in Australia and there is limited comparable information from elsewhere in the world. AimsWe sought to (1) estimate the numbers of frogs killed by cats in Australia and (2) compile a list of Australian frog species known to be killed by cats. MethodsFor feral cats, we estimated the number of frogs killed from information on their frequency of occurrence in 53 cat dietary studies (that examined stomach contents), the mean number of frogs in dietary samples that contained frogs, and the numbers of cats in Australia. We collated comparable information for take of frogs by pet cats, but the information base was far sparser. Key resultsFrogs were far more likely to be reported in studies that sampled cat stomachs than cat scats. The mean frequency of occurrence of frogs in cat stomachs was 1.5%. The estimated annual per capita consumption by feral cats in Australia’s natural environments is 44 frogs, and, hence, the annual total take is estimated at 92 million frogs. The estimated annual per capita consumption by pet cats is 0.26 frogs, for a total annual kill of one million frogs by pet cats. Thirty native frog species (13% of the Australian frog fauna) are known to be killed by cats: this tally does not include any of the 51 threatened frog species, but this may simply be because no cat dietary studies have occurred within the small ranges typical of threatened frog species. ConclusionsThe present study indicated that cats in Australia kill nearly 100 million frogs annually, but further research is required to understand the conservation significance of such predation rates. ImplicationsThe present study completed a set of reviews of the impacts of cats on Australian terrestrial vertebrates. Cat predation on Australian frogs is substantial, but is likely to be markedly less than that on Australian reptiles, birds and mammals.
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LaDouceur, Elise E. B., Amanda M. Hauck, Michael M. Garner, Andrew N. Cartoceti, and Brian G. Murphy. "Odontomas in Frogs." Veterinary Pathology 57, no. 1 (September 24, 2019): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985819877633.
Odontomas are variably differentiated, hamartoma-like proliferations of odontogenic epithelium, pulp ectomesenchyme (odontoblasts), and dental matrix. Frogs are polyphyodont and homodont. Their teeth also differ from mammals in that they are restricted to the upper jaw in adults and lack a periodontal ligament and cementum, attaching directly to the underlying bone. Odontomas were identified in an African clawed frog ( Xenopus laevis), a false tomato frog ( Dyscophus guineti), and a tomato frog of unknown species ( Dyscophus sp.). All of the examined odontomas were composed of numerous tooth-like structures comprising an arc of dentinal matrix lined on the convex surface by ameloblasts and on the concave surface by odontoblasts. Masson’s trichrome and immunohistochemistry with pan-cytokeratin supported these findings. The pathogenesis of these lesions may be displacement of the dental lamina, which has been shown in research studies to lead to de novo proliferation of dental elements in frogs.
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Koshevoy, N. D., V. V. Muratov, A. L. Kirichenko, and S. A. Borisenko. "APPLICATION OF THE “JUMPING FROGS” ALGORITHM FOR RESEARCH AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS." Radio Electronics, Computer Science, Control 1, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-3274-2021-1-6.
Context. An application of the method of a “jumping frogs” search algorithm to construct optimal experiment plans for cost (time) in the study of technological processes and systems that allow the implementation of an active experiment on them is proposed.
The object of study are optimization methods for cost (time) costs of experimental designs, based on the application of a “jumping frogs” search algorithm.
Objective. To obtain optimization results by optimizing the search of a “jumping frogs” search algorithm for the cost (time) costs of plans for a full factorial experiment.
Method. A method is proposed for constructing a cost-effective (time) implementation of an experiment planning matrix using algorithms for searching for “jumping frogs”. At the beginning, the number of factors and the cost of transitions for each factor level are entered. Then, taking into account the entered data, the initial experiment planning matrix is formed. Then, taking into account the entered data, the initial matrix of experiment planning is formed. The “jumping frogs” method determines the “successful frog” by the lowest cost of transitions between levels for each of the factors. After that, the permutations of the “frogs” are performed. The “frog” strives for the most “successful” and, provided it stays close, remains in the location. Then the gain is calculated in comparison with the initial cost (time) of the experiment.
Results. Software has been developed that implements the proposed method, which was used to conduct computational experiments to study the properties of these methods in the study of technological processes and systems that allow the implementation of an active experiment on them. The experimental designs that are optimal in terms of cost (time) are obtained, and the winnings in the optimization results are compared with the initial cost of the experiment. A comparative analysis of optimization methods for the cost (time) costs of plans for a full factorial experiment is carried out.
Conclusions. The conducted experiments confirmed the operability of the proposed method and the software that implements it, and also allows us to recommend it for practical use in constructing optimal experiment planning matrices.
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Gardiner, David, A. Ndayibagira, Felix Grün, and Bruce Blumberg. "Deformed frogs and environmental retinoids." Pure and Applied Chemistry 75, no. 11-12 (January 1, 2003): 2263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200375112263.
Since the early 1990s, a substantial number of deformed frogs have been observed in North America, particularly in the upper Midwest and Canada. Attempts to understand the etiology of the deformed frog problem have met with limited success to date with nearly as many proposed explanations as research groups working on the problem. Models for the mechanism underlying the development of deformed frogs include parasite/predation, ultraviolet radiation, and chemical exposure. Each model has its strengths and weaknesses. Despite contentious debate among researchers, there is an overall consensus that the increasing prevalence of deformed frogs is the result of a water-borne contaminant that has recently appeared, or reached a critical concentration. Our detailed analysis of malformed frogs collected in Minnesota ponds and lakes suggested that limb patterning was being modified by the disruption of a retinoid-sensitive developmental signaling pathway. Accordingly, we focused in the identification and characterization of bioactive retinoids from lake water and showed that retinoid treatment of frog embryos at sensitive times of development could recapitulate the full spectrum of limb abnormalities observed in field specimens in the laboratory. These data have led to the conclusion that inappropriate modulation of retinoid signaling by environmental contaminants is the mechanism underlying the increased incidence of frog malformations.
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Tong, Qing, Xiao-peng Du, Zong-fu Hu, Li-yong Cui, and Hong-bin Wang. "Modelling the growth of the brown frog (Rana dybowskii)." PeerJ 6 (May 16, 2018): e4587. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4587.
Well-controlled development leads to uniform body size and a better growth rate; therefore, the ability to determine the growth rate of frogs and their period of sexual maturity is essential for producing healthy, high-quality descendant frogs. To establish a working model that can best predict the growth performance of frogs, the present study examined the growth of one-year-old and two-year-old brown frogs (Rana dybowskii) from metamorphosis to hibernation (18 weeks) and out-hibernation to hibernation (20 weeks) under the same environmental conditions. Brown frog growth was studied and mathematically modelled using various nonlinear, linear, and polynomial functions. The model input values were statistically evaluated using parameters such as the Akaike’s information criterion. The body weight/size ratio (Kwl) and Fulton’s condition factor (K) were used to compare the weight and size of groups of frogs during the growth period. The results showed that the third- and fourth-order polynomial models provided the most consistent predictions of body weight for age 1 and age 2 brown frogs, respectively. Both the Gompertz and third-order polynomial models yielded similarly adequate results for the body size of age 1 brown frogs, while the Janoschek model produced a similarly adequate result for the body size of age 2 brown frogs. The Brody and Janoschek models yielded the highest and lowest estimates of asymptotic weight, respectively, for the body weights of all frogs. TheKwlvalue of all frogs increased from 0.40 to 3.18. TheKvalue of age 1 frogs decreased from 23.81 to 9.45 in the first four weeks. TheKvalue of age 2 frogs remained close to 10. Graphically, a sigmoidal trend was observed for body weight and body size with increasing age. The results of this study will be useful not only for amphibian research but also for frog farming management strategies and decisions.
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Dökenel, Gülşah, and Selmin Özer. "Bacterial agents isolated from cultured marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus, Pallas 1771)." Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 36, no. 2 (June 15, 2019): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2019.36.2.03.
Marsh frogs (Pelophylax ridibundus) are preferred in European cuisine. In recent years, interest in farming of marsh frogs has increased, but little is known about their bacterial diseases. This research was carried out in a marsh frog farming operation in Mersin, Turkey, in order to determine the bacterial diversity. For this purpose, a total of 339 frog, 30 water, and 8 feed samples were collected. Isolation and identification of bacteria were carried out by conventional techniques and the VITEK-2 compact system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. A total of 239 isolates of 49 different species, including 31 Gram negative rod-shaped bacteria, 9 Gram positive rod-shaped sporeforming bacteria, and 9 Gram positive cocci-shaped non-sporeforming bacteria have been identified. These bacteria species were detected from 25 (83.3%) water, 5 (62.5%) feed samples, and 64 (84.2%) of 76 frog specimens. Antimicrobial susceptibility and MAR index values ranged between 1.4-95.8% and 0.13-0.73, respectively. In conclusion, the presence of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in water, feed and frog specimens, which could pose risk for frogs and human health, have been detected in the marsh frog farm in Mersin. This study reveals, that further investigations are necessary for sustainable marsh frog breeding in Turkey.
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Liu, Haorui, Fengyan Yi, and Heli Yang. "Adaptive Grouping Cloud Model Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm for Solving Continuous Optimization Problems." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5675349.
The shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA) easily falls into local optimum when it solves multioptimum function optimization problem, which impacts the accuracy and convergence speed. Therefore this paper presents grouped SFLA for solving continuous optimization problems combined with the excellent characteristics of cloud model transformation between qualitative and quantitative research. The algorithm divides the definition domain into several groups and gives each group a set of frogs. Frogs of each region search in their memeplex, and in the search process the algorithm uses the “elite strategy” to update the location information of existing elite frogs through cloud model algorithm. This method narrows the searching space and it can effectively improve the situation of a local optimum; thus convergence speed and accuracy can be significantly improved. The results of computer simulation confirm this conclusion.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Frogs Research":
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Howard, Brittni D. "Catching evidence with frogs through focused ethnographic research with a Filipino rice farming community." Thesis, Northern Arizona University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10009783.
Rice farmers have a wealth of knowledge about local amphibians, impacts of chemical pesticides on amphibians and rice paddies, and changes in amphibian populations over time. I used my training in anthropology to highlight the relevance of examining the impacts of national and international policies and institutions on local rice farmers’ experiences, perceptions, and practices in regards to amphibians and rice pest management. Through a focused ethnographic approach with farmers in Banca-Banca Victoria, I found that policies and institutions have direct influences on farmers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices including four themes among rice farmers: (1) articulated perceived consequences of non-native invasive anuran species, such as Rhinella marina and Kaloula pulchra (2) articulated perceived indicators of environmental health provided by native and non-native anuran species (3) perceptions that both native and non-native anurans can help in efforts to manage pest insects in rice paddies (4) local knowledge about impact of chemical pesticides on amphibian populations and observed temporal changes in amphibian populations. I contend that the Filipino rice farmers I worked with have insights into rice farming practices, amphibians, and the local environment that should be further explored in an effort to find alternative or modified pest management practices to positively affect farmer and environmental health, sovereignty, and dignity.
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Eriksson, Jakob, and Emanuel Snårelid. "Virtual teams make SMEs leap like frogs : A research regarding how virtual teams influence the internationalization process within a SME." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-74678.
The purpose of this thesis is to examine what impact the new phenomena of virtual teams have on a Swedish SMEs internationalization process. The method of the thesis was decided to be a qualitative study, together with an abductive approach. The data was collected by interviewing managers from six different SMEs that have implemented virtual teams in their organization. All companies are located in Sweden, and are active on the international market, or aim to be internationalized in a near future. Multiple theories are presented in the theoretical framework, the theories chosen to support this thesis are Internationalization, Small-medium enterprise, Virtual teams vs physical teams, and cultural dimensions influencing the team. Based on the theories, a conceptual framework model was developed to show the connection between the mentioned theories. All findings extracted from the interviews is presented in the empirical findings chapter, where the primary data describes each case answers regarding the specific topics and theories. The analysis chapter visualizes the connection between empirical findings and the different theories, presenting advantages and challenges when using a virtual team. The conclusion of the thesis show that implementation of virtual teams can help Swedish SMEs leap over stages in a classical internationalization process. The thesis intends to influence managers of SMEs to implement virtual teams to digitalize their company, or to make their internationalization process easier. Ending the thesis with recommendations for future research
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Puig, Virginia Moreno. "Conservation issues for Hochstetter's frog (Leiopelma hochstetteri): monitoring techniques and chytridiomycosis prevalence in the Auckland region, New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Conservation Biology at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1132.
Amphibians are suffering extinctions and range contractions globally. This is caused by numerous factors and most of them are related to human activities. The overall aim of this thesis was to make a significant contribution to the conservation of the endemic amphibian Leiopelma hochstetteri through research. This was achieved by focusing in two of the main conservation issues for this species, the need for standardised and robust monitoring techniques to detect trends and changes in populations, and the determination of the prevalence of chytridiomycosis, caused by the amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). Two populations of the Auckland Region were selected for this study, one on the mainland (Waitakere Ranges) and the only known offshore island population of this species (Great Barrier Island). For both study sites different monitoring methods were used to obtain some population parameters. Site occupancy models of MacKenzie et al. (2002) gave reliable site-specific estimations of occupancy and detection probability using covariate information and presence-absence data collected from 50 sites in the Waitakere Ranges and four repeated visits during 2008. Elevation and distance searched were found to have an important effect on occupancy levels, while time taken to search the site was important variable determining detection probabilities. Also, parameters were estimated for three age classes separately. Statistical models were used to infer abundance from occupancy analysis, and results were compared with the distribution of relative abundances obtained from repeated transect counts and an established sight/re-sight criterion. In addition, the use of surrogate measures for relative abundance was explored. Detection probability and the distance to first frog found were found to have a significant correlation with relative abundance. These measures can be used to infer relative abundance in future site occupancy surveys. Two surveys and a pilot site occupancy survey were conducted on Great Barrier Island, and presence of frogs was confirmed atthe northern block, and in a small seepage in the central block. No new locations were found. Waitakere Ranges and Great Barrier Is. populations were tested for the presence of chytridiomycosis, and all frogs sampled tested negative (n = 124) which means that if present chytridiomycosis prevalence is lower than 5% with a 95% confidence interval. This and previous evidence suggests that L. hochstetteri may be resistant or immune to the disease. However, to confirm this additional studies are needed.
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Baker, Richard Julian. "Nonlinear and other properties of otoacoustic emissions in frog and human ears." Thesis, Keele University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306104.
Emerging infectious diseases, pollution and climate change are associated with amphibian extinction
events worldwide; however, direct causation is often obscured by the interactions of these stressors.
Elucidating the possible synergies between metal contamination and disease is, therefore, critical in
advancing our knowledge of the co-evolutionary mechanisms in host-pathogen systems and helping with
the ability to better forecast the spread of diseases in metal-stressed environments. Additionally,
increasing ecotoxicological research has improved our understanding of the complex influence trace
metals may have on the physico-chemical nature of aquatic systems; however, the discrepancy in
concentration-response within the toxicological literature makes it difficult to accurately define the range
of toxicity, often due to the variability in media used in experimentation. The first chapter of this thesis
reports an evaluation of copper, nickel and copper/nickel concentrations on several Northern Leopard
Frog (Lithobates [Rana] pipiens) larvae life history traits within field collected smelting effluent water.
Overall, results indicated that copper had a stronger negative impact on survival than nickel. However,
tadpoles exposed to copper displayed increased growth and developmental patterns while those exposed
to nickel demonstrated opposing life history traits. These results indicate that tadpoles are displaying
different fitness strategies, in terms of survival and life history, in the presence of increased copper and/or
nickel stress.
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Pandey, Ram Naresh. "Physiological Effects on the Expression of Aquaporin 1-Like HC-1 in Cope’s Gray Tree Frog, Hyla Chrysoscelis." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1240149535.
Good, Celeste Dawn. "Constructed ponds as mitigated habitat for the wood frog (Rana sylvatica LeConte) and the spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum Shaw) in West Virginia." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2006. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=649.
Theses (M.S.)--Marshall University, 2006. Title from document title page. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: contains vi, 65 p. including illustrations and maps. Bibliography: p. 61-65.
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Blech-Hermoni, Yotam. "Roles of CUG-BP, Elav-Like Family Member 1 (CELF1), an RNA Binding Protein, During Vertebrate Heart Development." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1417636826.
Nyh, Johan. "From Snow White to Frozen : An evaluation of popular gender representation indicators applied to Disney’s princess films." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-36877.
Simple content analysis methods, such as the Bechdel test and measuring percentage of female talk time or characters, have seen a surge of attention from mainstream media and in social media the last couple of years. Underlying assumptions are generally shared with the gender role socialization model and consequently, an importance is stated, due to a high degree to which impressions from media shape in particular young children’s identification processes. For young girls, the Disney Princesses franchise (with Frozen included) stands out as the number one player commercially as well as in customer awareness. The vertical lineup of Disney princesses spans from the passive and domestic working Snow White in 1937 to independent and super-power wielding princess Elsa in 2013, which makes the line of films an optimal test subject in evaluating above-mentioned simple content analysis methods. As a control, a meta-study has been conducted on previous academic studies on the same range of films. The sampled research, within fields spanning from qualitative content analysis and semiotics to coded content analysis, all come to the same conclusions regarding the general changes over time in representations of female characters. The objective of this thesis is to answer whether or not there is a correlation between these changes and those indicated by the simple content analysis methods, i.e. whether or not the simple popular methods are in general coherence with the more intricate academic methods.
Betyg VG (skala IG-VG)
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Tyler, Michael J. 1937. "The biology and systematics of frogs : contributions submitted to The University of Adelaide / by Michael J. Tyler." 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/38581.
Vol. [2] comprises 6 reprints of published monographs in box folder; but numbered within the publications submitted listing (90 items), and within the 3 categories identified; at the beginning of vol. 1. Includes bibliographical references. 2 v. (various pagings) : Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. Comprises 90 contributions to the biology and systematics of frogs, with particular emphasis upon those concerning the fauna of Australia and New Guinea. Provides an understanding of the state of knowledge when the author commenced his studies; permitting the extent of his work, an the nature of its significance, to be evaluated. Thesis (D.Sc.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Environmental Biology, 2002
Measey, G. J. Ensuring a future for South Africa's frogs: A strategy for conservation research. Pretoria: South African National Biodiversity Institute, 2011.
Measey, G. J. Ensuring a future for South Africa's frogs: A strategy for conservation research. Pretoria: South African National Biodiversity Institute, 2011.
Greenberg, Cathryn H. Amphibians using isolated ephemeral ponds in Florida longleaf pine uplands, population and metapopulation dynamics: Final report. Tallahassee, FL: Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, 2006.
Australia is home to more than 240 species of frogs, many of which cannot be found anywhere else in the world.
The Photographic Field Guide to Australian Frogs provides readers with the tools to confidently identify 242 species and five recognised subspecies. It includes detailed information on the distribution, habitat preferences and call of each frog species, as well as fully illustrated keys to genera to assist with identification. Multiple photographs of each species show variation in colour and pattern as well as features used for identification such as thigh colouration, skin texture, belly colour and patterning, eye colour and extent of webbing between the toes.
With a strong focus on illustrating variation and key diagnostic features, this guide will enable frog enthusiasts, environmental professionals and research scientists to identify Australian frog species with a high level of confidence.
Narins, Peter M., Maria Wilson, and David A. Mann. "Ultrasound Detection in Fishes and Frogs: Discovery and Mechanisms." In Insights from Comparative Hearing Research, 133–56. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/2506_2013_29.
Bindman, David. "Who are the Frogs? The Transmigration of a Symbol of Nationality." In Topics in Humor Research, 247–58. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/thr.2.18bin.
Gaillard, Frédéric, and René Garcia. "Properties of Retinal and Retino-tecto-isthmo-tectal Units in Frogs." In Research Notes in Neural Computing, 75–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84545-1_4.
Waldeck, Robert F., and Edward R. Gruberg. "Optic Chiasm Hemisection and the Parsing of Visual Information in Frogs." In Research Notes in Neural Computing, 111–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84545-1_6.
Herrera, Albert A., and Michael Regnier. "Hormonal Regulation of Motor Systems: How Androgens Control Amplexus (Clasping) in Male Frogs." In Research Notes in Neural Computing, 369–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84545-1_24.
Giszter, Simon, Ferdinando A. Mussa-lvaldi, and Emilio Bizzi. "Equilibrium point mechanisms in the spinal frog." In Research Notes in Neural Computing, 223–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84545-1_14.
Ingle, David. "Control of Frog Evasive Direction: Triggering and Biasing Systems." In Research Notes in Neural Computing, 181–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84545-1_11.
Lemckert, Francis. "The rich early history of frog research in Sydney." In The Natural History of Sydney, 102–6. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2010.011.
Kobayashi, Raita. "Column: Sado Wrinkled Frog: An Alternative Symbol for Wildlife-Friendly Farming on Sado Island?" In Ecological Research Monographs, 115–21. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55330-4_8.
Ingle, David. "The Striatum and Short-Term Spatial Memory: From Frog to Man." In Research Notes in Neural Computing, 273–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84545-1_17.
Davis, David D., Joseph LoPresti, and Semih Kalay. "Improved Performance Track Components for Heavy Axle Loads and High Speed Rail." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36222.
North American railways have experienced significant traffic growth over the past 20 years to the point where many lines are at or near capacity. While the current worldwide recession has eased capacity constraints momentarily, the long-term trends are for continued traffic growth. Faced with the prospects of perhaps doubling freight traffic demand in the next 20 years and adding significant passenger traffic, the railroads are developing cost effective ways to increase capacity. Besides constructing additional tracks, improving the performance (i.e., safety, reliability, and service lives) of key track components is expected. Both heavy axle loads (HAL) and high speed rail (HSR) passenger traffic require high quality, durable track. The paper will describe recent work done to improve the dynamic performance and durability of these track components: • Special trackwork. • Rail joints. • Crossties. • Track transitions. For example, turnouts are being developed that can accommodate freight shippers served from mainline track that also carry high speed traffic. These continuous mainline rail switches and frogs allow slow speed diverging operations that will not affect mainline track performance. The paper will also discuss further heavy haul infrastructure research and development needs.
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GAVRILOVS, Pavels, and Viktors IVANOVS. "RESEARCH OF A HIGHLY DEFECTIVE FROG CORE OF GRADE 1/9." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.145.
For the first time at the Riga Technical University a study was carried out of a highly defective frog core of grade 1/9. In the course of the research an analysis of crossing piece defects on the Latvian railway was carried out in eight railway sections during years of 2015, 2016, 2017. The defect of the frog core of grade 1/9 (the 60 E1 DO 07 12 frog type) was considered according to the basic classification of the defects, and the analysis and research of the cause of its fracture were conducted from the bolt hole to the web and the base of the frog core. The research process consisted of four stages: Stage 1: determination of metal hardness according to the Brinell scale with a modern device “Tinius O Olsen” Firmware Version 1.07, FH - 31 Series. The obtained results should be compared with the data of the manufacturer's factory – Dowlais Steel. Stage 2: determination of the chemical composition of the rail steel of the frog core 1/9 (in the rail top, rail web, and rail base) using the ARC-MET 8000 Mobile Lab Optical Emission Spectometer Analyser. The obtained data should be compared with the manufacturer's data. Stage 3: determination of the rail steel structure. Drawing of main conclusions about the quality of the rail steel of the frog core of grade 1/9. Stage 4: drawing of main conclusions and summary of the cause and development of the fracture from the bolt hole of the frog core of grade 1/9.
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Fu, Hongwei, Dongguang Li, and Xinyuan Zhang. "Research on moving object detection based on frog's eyes." In International Conference of Optical Instrument and Technology, edited by Yunlong Sheng, Yongtian Wang, and Lijiang Zeng. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.806772.
Quertenmont, Loic. "FROG : The Fast & Realistic OpenGl Event Displayer." In XII Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.070.0100.
Wang, Zhen, Danhong Zhang, Biao Wang, and Wenwen Chen. "Research on Improved Strategy of Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm." In 2019 34rd Youth Academic Annual Conference of Chinese Association of Automation (YAC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/yac.2019.8787721.
Duoji, Huadan, and Yueguang Li. "Improvement and application research of Shuffled frog leaping Algorithm." In 2015 International Symposium on Computers and Informatics. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/isci-15.2015.313.
Liu, Junju, and Yueguang Li. "An improved shuffled frog leaping algorithm and its application." In 2015 International Conference on Intelligent Systems Research and Mechatronics Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/isrme-15.2015.53.
Lv, Zhe, Jinding Li, and Wanjun Wang. "Simulation Research on Frog Jump Lifting System based on AMESim." In 2019 IEEE 3rd Information Technology, Networking, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (ITNEC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itnec.2019.8729032.
Hao, Xiaohong, Hua Wang, Zhuoyue Li, and Qun Gu. "Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm Research Based Optimal Iterative Learning Control." In 2015 International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Informatics. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ameii-15.2015.159.
Golovko, Khrystyna. TRAVEL REPORT BY ALEKSANDER JANTA-POŁCZYNSKI «INTO THE USSR» (1932): FROG PERSPECTIVE. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11091.
The article analyzes a series of materials by Aleksander Janta-Polczynski «Into the USSR» from Soviet Russia during the in 1932, published on «Wiadomości Literackiе». The purpose of this article is explain the uniqueness of the reporter’s style and personality. We want to emphasize the role of Janta-Polczynski as the pioneer of reportage journalism. He was the first who worked professionally in this position in the full sense of this word. Analyzed the cycle of Alexander Janta-Polczynski from Russia, we can emphasize the scale of the reporter’s trip: in 1932 the journalist made the largest journalistic trip to the USSR. Janta visited the Eastern republics, which differed from the popular Moscow and Leningrad. Also, he saw the largest construction in the USSR at this time – which it bragged about russian newspapers – Magnitogorsk and Dneprostroy. For a better understanding are given the visual examples from reportorial texts. It should be noted that for Janta the main task of the reporter is to show what is seen and recorded: only facts and personal experience in communication. This cycle can safely be called a journey and social expedition. The main task for Janta the scene where the reportage takes place is to find proper characters and convince them of the importance of their story. These are the materials of a reporter – an eyewitness, not a researcher, a report from the scene, which pushes the reader to an independent conclusion. We explore that all the Janta-Polczynski texts are inextricably linked by looking into the «middle» of the process: the diversity of what is seen allows the journalist to look for differences and similarities, compare, look at the fundamental components, track changes and distinguish them. Special attention was paid to a low-angle shot in his materials. He describes how Soviet society lives, how factories work, how the system of educating a Soviet person, goes to the movies and exhibitions, communicates with ordinary citizens. Undoubtedly, all this is successfully complemented by the factual detail and uniqueness of the author’s style.
