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Academic literature on the topic 'Frogs/newts sexual behaviour'
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Journal articles on the topic "Frogs/newts sexual behaviour"
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Arntzen, Jan W., Wouter Beukema, Frietson Galis, and Ana Ivanović. "Vertebral number is highly evolvable in salamanders and newts (family Salamandridae) and variably associated with climatic parameters." Contributions to Zoology 84, no. 2 (April 29, 2015): 85–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08402001.
Full textAbstract:
In vertebrates, the relative proportion of the number of trunk and caudal vertebrae is an important determinant of body shape. While among amphibians frogs and toads show low variation in vertebrae numbers, in salamanders the numbers of trunk and caudal vertebrae vary widely, giving rise to phenotypes in the range from short-bodied and long-tailed to long-bodied and short-tailed. We analysed vertebral numbers in the family Salamandridae in a phylogenetic context and calculated the relationship between vertebral changes and changes in climate and other environmental parameters. A significant association was found between morphological change with precipitation and temperature. However, annual precipitation affected the two main groups of salamandrid salamanders differently, with trunk elongation in the terrestrial ‘true salamanders’ and tail elongation in the more aquatic ‘newts’. A - male biased - sexual dimorphism was only observed in Lissotriton vulgaris vulgaris in the number of trunk vertebrae and in Ommatotriton ophryticus and Lissotriton species for the number of caudal vertebrae. Our data indicated that the number of trunk and caudal vertebrae are highly evolvable traits with frequent evolutionary reversals. In some groups (e.g. Cynops, Lyciasalamandra, Neurergus and the Laotriton- Pachytriton-Paramesotriton clade) the number of trunk vertebrae is stable, while in many groups it is subject to change (e.g. Tylototriton). This latter, species-rich genus appears to be an excellent group to further test effects of the environment on body shape.
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Zerani, Massimo, and Anna Gobbetti. "NO sexual behaviour in newts." Nature 382, no. 6586 (July 1996): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/382031a0.
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Zuiderwijk, Annie. "Sexual strategies in the newts Triturus Cristatus and Triturus Marmoratus." Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 60, no. 1 (1990): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26660644-06001003.
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Courtship display characteristics are described and compared for the newts Triturus cristatus and T. marmoratus and patterns of male competitive behaviour are recognized. In interpreting the data, the operational sex ratio has to be taken into account, which was highly biased towards males in both species, more in T. marmoratus than in T. cristatus. When sexual active, males of cristatus had more encounters than males of marmoratus, whereas the latter spent more time residing mating places. The male’s display towards a female differed in time structure, variability and in behaviour characteristics. T. marmoratus display follows a fixed pattern; males succeeded better in restraining a female than males cristatus did. Courting males cristatus allowed other males to intrude. Malemale encounters were longer and playful in T. cristatus, more violent in T. marmoratus. Comparison with data from the literature indicates that courtship of T. marmoratus has more features in common with that of T. vittatus than it has with the courtship of T. cristatus. It is suggested that in the course of evolution T. marmoratus adopted a strategy of Sexual Defense by means of territoriality and overt fighting, whereas T. cristatus in contrast adopted a strategy of Sexual Interference by female mimicry. Male display components that played a major role during the adaptation of competitive strategy are identified as the “whip” behaviour in T. marmoratus and the “rocking” behaviour in T. cristatus.
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Fang, Guangzhan, Ping Yang, Fei Xue, Jianguo Cui, Steven E. Brauth, and Yezhong Tang. "Sound Classification and Call Discrimination Are Decoded in Order as Revealed by Event-Related Potential Components in Frogs." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 86, no. 3-4 (2015): 232–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000441215.
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Species that use communication sounds to coordinate social and reproductive behavior must be able to distinguish vocalizations from nonvocal sounds as well as to identify individual vocalization types. In this study we sought to identify the neural localization of the processes involved and the temporal order in which they occur in an anuran species, the music frog Babina daunchina. To do this we measured telencephalic and mesencephalic event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by synthesized white noise (WN), highly sexually attractive (HSA) calls produced by males from inside nests and male calls of low sexual attractiveness (LSA) produced outside of nests. Each stimulus possessed similar temporal structures. The results showed the following: (1) the amplitudes of the first negative ERP component (N1) at ∼100 ms differed significantly between WN and conspecific calls but not between HSA and LSA calls, indicating that discrimination between conspecific calls and nonvocal sounds occurs in ∼100 ms, (2) the amplitudes of the second positive ERP component (P2) at ∼200 ms in the difference waves between HSA calls and WN were significantly higher than between LSA calls and WN in the right telencephalon, implying that call characteristic identification occurs in ∼200 ms and (3) WN evoked a larger third positive ERP component (P3) at ∼300 ms than conspecific calls, suggesting the frogs had classified the conspecific calls into one category and perceived WN as novel. Thus, both the detection of sounds and the identification of call characteristics are accomplished quickly in a specific temporal order, as reflected by ERP components. In addition, the most dynamic ERP patterns appeared in the left mesencephalon and the right telencephalon, indicating the two brain regions might play key roles in anuran vocal communication.
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Höbel, Gerlinde, and Robb C. Kolodziej. "Wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) use water surface waves in their reproductive behaviour." Behaviour 150, no. 5 (2013): 471–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003062.
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The ability to sense water surface waves has been described in only a few species, but across a wide taxonomic range. Water surface waves are typically used to localize prey or to avoid predators, and in some cases also for sexual communication. Here we add to the sparse knowledge of the use of this sensory modality by reporting observational and experimental evidence that wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) respond to water surface waves generated by conspecifics; that there are pronounced differences in response between males and females; and that they use surface waves in a behavioural context not previously reported for anuran reproductive behaviour: sexual eavesdropping. Because the water waves that elicit the described responses are incidental by-products of calling and locomotion behaviour, we consider this an example of sexual eavesdropping rather than sexual communication. Males quickly and accurately approach a surface wave source, thus aiding in mate acquisition which in this species is mainly achieved by scramble competition. By contrast, females move away from a surface wave source. This may help them avoid sexual harassment by mate-searching males. Because it assures that only the fastest, strongest, and potentially fittest males can amplex them, it may also be a strategy for indirect mate choice by females.
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Pröhl, Heike, Janina Eulenburg, Ivonne Meuche, and Federico Bolaños. "Parasite infection has little effect on sexual signals and reproductive behaviour in strawberry poison frogs." Evolutionary Ecology 27, no. 4 (June 22, 2013): 675–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10682-013-9634-2.
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Ryan, Michael. "The evolution of behaviour, and integrating it towards a complete and correct understanding of behavioural biology." Animal Biology 55, no. 4 (2005): 419–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075605774841012.
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AbstractTinbergen suggested there are four major aims or questions in ethology. All of these contribute to the larger single question of why animals behave as they do. Here, I emphasise one aim, to understand the evolution of behaviour. Using studies of sexual communication in túngara frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus) I attempt to illustrate how an analysis of the past evolution of behaviour can contribute to our understanding of its current function and the details of the mechanisms guiding it. I argue that integration of Tinbergen's four questions not only give us a more complete understanding of the biology of behaviour, it might be necessary to give us a correct understanding.
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Summers, Kyle. "MATING AND AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR IN DENDROBATID FROGS FROM CORCOVADO NATIONAL PARK, COSTA RICA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY." Behaviour 137, no. 1 (2000): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853900501845.
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Abstract1. Mating and aggressive behaviour was observed in four species of dendrobatid frogs in Corcovado National Park, Costa Rica: Colostethus nubicola, Colostethus talamancae, Phyllobates vittatus and Dendrobates granuliferus. 2. Males of both species of Colostethus were more likely to respond to call playbacks than male P. vittatus or D. granuliferus. Male D. granuliferus were less likely to be found calling than males of the other species. Conspecific male-male aggression was observed in P. vittatus, but not in the other species. 3. Females were more active during courtship in P. vittatus. Female-female aggression was observed on one occasion in P. vittatus. Females were more likely to reject males than the reverse in all species. 4. These observations suggest that sexual conflict occurs in P. vittatus, but not in C. nubicola or C. talamancae.
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Baugh, Alexander, and Michael Ryan. "Temporal updating during phonotaxis in male túngara frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus)." Amphibia-Reptilia 31, no. 4 (2010): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/017353710x518388.
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AbstractIn acoustically advertising anurans the male courtship call elicits species-typical responses from conspecifics – usually phonotactic approach and mate choice in gravid females and an evoked vocal response in adult males. Males in several species, however, are also known to perform phonotaxis, sometimes with the same acoustic preferences as females. Female túngara frogs are known to update their phonotactic approach as male advertisement signals change dynamically in attractiveness. Here we show that males also perform such temporal updating during phonotaxis in response to dynamic playbacks. While males exhibit slower phonotactic approaches than females, their responsiveness to dynamic changes in call complexity does not differ significantly compared to females. These results demonstrate that males are sensitive to the location of preferred call types on a moment-to-moment basis and suggest that similarities between male and female sexual behaviour in anurans might often be overlooked. We suggest that anuran phonotaxis is more widespread and serves different functions in reproductive females and males. Lastly, these temporal updating results suggest that male frogs are highly selective about site selection in a chorus.
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Rhebergen, F., R. C. Taylor, M. J. Ryan, R. A. Page, and W. Halfwerk. "Multimodal cues improve prey localization under complex environmental conditions." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1814 (September 7, 2015): 20151403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1403.
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Predators often eavesdrop on sexual displays of their prey. These displays can provide multimodal cues that aid predators, but the benefits in attending to them should depend on the environmental sensory conditions under which they forage. We assessed whether bats hunting for frogs use multimodal cues to locate their prey and whether their use varies with ambient conditions. We used a robotic set-up mimicking the sexual display of a male túngara frog ( Physalaemus pustulosus ) to test prey assessment by fringe-lipped bats ( Trachops cirrhosus ). These predatory bats primarily use sound of the frog's call to find their prey, but the bats also use echolocation cues returning from the frog's dynamically moving vocal sac. In the first experiment, we show that multimodal cues affect attack behaviour: bats made narrower flank attack angles on multimodal trials compared with unimodal trials during which they could only rely on the sound of the frog. In the second experiment, we explored the bat's use of prey cues in an acoustically more complex environment. Túngara frogs often form mixed-species choruses with other frogs, including the hourglass frog ( Dendropsophus ebraccatus ). Using a multi-speaker set-up, we tested bat approaches and attacks on the robofrog under three different levels of acoustic complexity: no calling D. ebraccatus males, two calling D. ebraccatus males and five D. ebraccatus males. We found that bats are more directional in their approach to the robofrog when more D. ebraccatus males were calling. Thus, bats seemed to benefit more from multimodal cues when confronted with increased levels of acoustic complexity in their foraging environments. Our data have important consequences for our understanding of the evolution of multimodal sexual displays as they reveal how environmental conditions can alter the natural selection pressures acting on them.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Frogs/newts sexual behaviour"
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Green, Andrew J. "Sexual behaviour and sexual selection in three species of amphibians." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253312.
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Jennions, Michael Dawson. "Breeding behaviour of the foam nest frog, chiromantis xerampelina: sperm competition and polyandry." Thesis, 1992. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/25661.
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Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science,
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
in fulfilment of the requirements for the
degree of Master of Science.Breeding was observed in the foam nest frog, Chiromantis xerampelina, over three breeding seasons The mating pattern was characterized by an extended breeding season with a male-biased operational sex ratio and asynchronous and unpredictable female arrival. At more than 90% of nests, from one to seven unpaired males ('peripheral males') gathered around the amplexing pair during nest construction. Those peripheral males closest to the pair competed 'With each other, and with the amplexing male, to position their cloacae against the female's cloaca during oviposition bouts. In a detailed study of a single population, over 80% of males were observed as peripheral males, and 57% of males were observed both in amplexus and as peripheral males. Male mating success and participation at nests was unrelated to size or weight. Chorus participation was the best predictor of male, mating success and participation at nests. The most plausible explanation for the presence of peripheral males was a sperm competition hypothesis; namely that peripheral males compete with the amplexing male for fertilizations by shedding sperm into the nest. I collected data on body mass and testis mass for 13 African anurans. Using additional published data on 19 Japanese anurans, an allometric relationship between body mass and testis mass was calculated. using 16 genera as independent data points. This revealed that C. xerampelina have testes fourteen times heavier than predicted on the basis of body mass. This is consistent with a trend seen in several taxa where testis size is related to the intensity of sperm competition. An additional experiment, in which the arnplexing male was prevented from shedding sperm into the nest, showed that peripheral males are capable of fertilizing eggs. I conclude that peripheral males are engaged in an opportunistic alternative mating tactic involving sperm cosnpetition. More than half the observed females bred polyandrously, some mating with up to three males, This was the result of amplexing males dismounting between nesting sessions, and males displacing one another from amplexus.
Andrew Chakane 2018
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(8803115), Henry D. Legett. "THE FUNCTION OF FINE-SCALE SIGNAL TIMING STRATEGIES: SYNCHRONIZED CALLING IN STREAM BREEDING TREE FROGS." Thesis, 2020.
Find full textAbstract:
In dense mating
aggregations, such as insect and anuran choruses, signals produced at the same
time can overlap and interfere with one another, reducing the ability of
receivers to discriminate between individual signals. Thus, evolution by sexual
selection is expected to result in mating signal timing strategies that avoid
overlap. Patterns of signal alternation between competing males are commonly
observed in leks and choruses across taxa. In some species, however, signalers
instead deliberately overlap, or ‘synchronize’, their mating signals with
neighboring conspecifics. Given the assumed high cost of reduced mate
attraction when signals overlap, mating signal synchronization has remained an
evolutionary puzzle. Synchronization may be beneficial, however, if overlapping
signals reduce the attraction of nontarget receivers (predator avoidance
hypothesis). Synchronized signals could also constructively interfere,
increasing female attraction to the mating aggregation (the beacon effect
hypothesis). I investigate these functions of synchronized signaling in two
species of tree frogs that synchronize their mating calls: the pug-nosed tree
frog (Smilisca sila) and the Ryukyu Kajika frog (Buergeria japonica).
To examine the trade-offs imposed by call synchronization in each species, I
conduct a series of field and laboratory playback experiments on target (female
frogs) and nontarget (eavesdropping predators) receivers of frog calls. Results
from these experiments support both hypotheses, suggesting that synchronized
frog calls can reduce the attraction of predators and attract mates to the
chorus. In addition, I found reduced preferences for fine-scale call timings in
female S. sila and B. japonica, deviating from the expected
preferences observed in many other anuran and non-anuran species. Thus, while
males may enjoy multiple benefits from synchronized mating signals, relaxed
sexual selection for non-synchronous signals may be key to the evolution and
maintenance of mating signal synchrony.
Books on the topic "Frogs/newts sexual behaviour"
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Kemp, T. S. Amphibians: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198842989.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Amphibians: A Very Short Introduction discusses amphibian evolution, adaptations, and biology. From frogs, toads, newts, and salamanders, to the lesser-known caecilians, there are over 8,000 species of amphibians alive today. Characterized by their moist, naked skin and the tadpole phase of their lives, they are uniquely adapted to occupy the interphase habitat between freshwater and land. This VSI explores topics from their complex courtship behaviour to how their permeable skin enables them to thrive in their habitat and it covers the whole history of amphibians, from their origins 360 million years ago, to the extinction threat they face from humans today.