Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Frittage (métallurgie) – Simulation par ordinateur'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 37 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Frittage (métallurgie) – Simulation par ordinateur.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Sarbandi, Bahram. "Simulation numérique des déformations des produits céramiques lors du frittage." Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0112.
Full textThe control of the deformation of ceramic parts during the sintering process is essential, in order to avoid post-treatment and subsequent machining which increase the production costs. The procedure for obtaining the desired form after sintering is usually carried out by trial and error. An alternative to this costly approach is the prediction of shape instabilities during sintering by finite element simulation. With this aim, constitutive models have to be developed, taking into account the different deformation mechanisms induced by sintering. These phenomenological constitutive models use different material parameters which must be determined by experiment. This thesis aims to propose a methodology for modelling the deformation of ceramics during sintering. This methodology consists in experimental analysis of densification and pyroplastic behaviour of ceramics, developing a phenomenological constitutive model and material parameters identification. Two different materials have been studied: 1. A porcelain manufactured by slip casting process: Although slip casting process has been used for many years, it involves some technical problems that hinder the development of innovative products. Anisotropic deformation during sintering of slip cast parts is one of these problems. This behaviour is related to the rheological properties of the slurry and the orientation of anisotropic particles in the green part. An anisotropic constitutive model of sintering has been developed in order to predict the deformation of slip cast porcelain during firing process. 2. Ceramic cores made by injection moulding and used for investment casting of superalloys: Thermomechanical behaviour of zircon-silica cores has been studied by dilatometry and sinter-bending tests. The technical specificity of these materials is their low shrinkage during sintering process. This behavior is related to the crystallization of silica at high temperature. The crystallization inhibits the viscous flow and stops sintering shrinkage. A constitutive model predicting this behaviour is also proposed. These constitutive models have been implemented in the ”Zset” finite element program. After identifying the model parameters, the finite element numerical simulation has been performed on representative parts. Finally, the sensitivity of numerical results to mechanical parameters of an isotropic sintering model is analysed using a model reduction approach
Thouy, Romain. "Structures et propriétés d'agrégats de dimension fractale variable : simulations numériques." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20094.
Full textAgne, Aboubakry. "Modélisation et simulation numérique des étapes de déliantage et frittage du procédé de Moulage par Injection de poudres Métalliques (MIM)." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD025.
Full textThe debinding and sintering steps are crucial for the Metal Injection Moulding (MIM) process. The main dimensional changes are generated from these two steps. In order to predict the mass losses and the deformation behaviours, different models fitting to the mechanical mechanisms observed were obtained from the state of art. They are adapted and performed for each step. These models used for the numerical simulation are applied to industrial components based on a formulation composed of Inconel 718 superalloy powders and a multi-ingredient binder system. The formulation is characterized by thermal and gravimetric analyses. The aim of the thesis is, at first, to predict the weight loss after the complete debinding step including the solvent and the thermal debinding, followed by the modelling of the solid state sintering of the material. The weight loss during solvent debinding is expressed by an analytic function controlled by a diffusion parameter, which is directly identified from experimental results. Hygroscopic swelling and thermal expansion are coupled to the weight loss to follow as well the expansion during the binder extraction. Supercritical debinding, an innovative way to remove by diffusion some polymers, is also investigated in order to predict the extraction of the polyethylene glycol (PEG) in in-house components by numerical simulation using the finite-element method on Comsol Multiphysics ® software. Thermogravimetric analyses were employed to characterize the kinetics during the thermal debinding of the industrial formulation. The Ozawa and Kissinger methods are introduced to estimate the activation energies of each polymer of the binder system for the numerical simulation. A coupled model is developed by using the heat transfer principle and a thermal degradation law in order to visualize the binder distribution and the shrinkage due to its elimination. Experimental and numerical studies are carried out on solid state sintering of the Inconel 718. A thermal elasto-viscoplastic law based on the continuum mechanics is adopted and built in the commercial software ABAQUS ® to simulate the shrinkage and the density field during the sintering step. The uniaxial viscosity, a main parameter of the constitutive equations, is evaluated using intermittent compression tests. The sintering stress is identified from experimental densification thanks to the viscosity and then, used for the numerical simulation. The relevance of this methodology is discussed by comparison with a different method based on the densification rate that showed a lower level of uncertainties. The numerical analysis of the debinding and the sintering steps showed in this thesis are compared with the experimental measurements performed on MIM aeronautical components
Olivi-Tran, Nathalie. "Simulations numériques des mécanismes de densification des aérogels de silice." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20171.
Full textPoulier, Céline. "Transferts thermiques au sein d’un materiau poreux : Effet des interfaces dans une microstructure stable ou évolutive." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/83825b00-a7a5-438d-99e1-e26537f03538/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4068.pdf.
Full textAn optimised use of porous ceramics needs the control of their thermophysical characteristics. The experimental, numerical and analytical study of the effect of grain boundaries on the thermal conductivity of sintered and green bodies is the main subject of this work. Taking into account the grain boundary thermal resistance improves predictions of the thermal conductivity by the models of Landauer and Maxwell for porous materials prepared by pressing or emulsification. Numerical modelling by finite element analysis was used to study the effect of the microstructure on the conduction at the local scale. Measurements of the thermal conductivity on pressed powder compacts of tin oxide during sintering completed with chemical and physical tests demonstrated that the interparticle neck formation begins at 300 °C
Largiller, Grégory. "Maîtrise du frittage de matériaux céramique-métal à gradients de composition et de structure." Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0160.
Full textGraded materials are used to gather complementary physical and/or chemical properties into a single part. Cermet material (ceramic metal composite) developed by Rio Tinto Alcan may be used as inert anode for aluminium electrolysis. To connect these ceramic matrix materials to the current network, we propose to associate them with a conductive material in a single sintering step. Using our knowledge on powder metallurgy with microstructure analysis, thermodynamical and mechanical calculations, a new range of material called metcer (metal ceramic composite) has been developed. According to their metal phase proportion and composition, the metcer materials can be cosintered with cermets in a single sintering step. By modifying the metal phase proportion, we enabled the parts to keep joined during the whole sintering thermal cycle. The composition of oxides and metal phases change the diffusion phenomena and enable one to build a graded interface between the layers. Based on continuum mechanics, constitutive equations have been used to simulate the sintering of a cermet and a metcer. Constitutive equations have been implemented into a finite element software to identify the weak regions of bilayers parts of complex geometry. We compared numerical simulation results with optical observations made during sintering on large scale bilayers. Cracks near the interface occur at low temperature when the strain mismatch between the layers is low and the viscosities of the layers are high. Thus, the materials have a fragile behaviour. At high temperature, when the viscosities are low and the strain mismatch is high, the stresses in the vicinity of the interface are released. Combining our knowledge on the chemistry and interactions between these materials, we developed a trilayer material. This material showed up a graded interface without any crack
Dong, Lin. "Simulation et modélisation du frittage sélectif par laser par la méthode des éléments finis." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2007/DONG_Lin_2007.pdf.
Full textLouin, Jean-Charles. "Effets d'hétérogénéités de teneur en carbone sur les cinétiques de transformations de phase et sur la genèse des contraintes internes lors du refroidissement d'aciers." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL077N.
Full textHeat treatment is a process that needs the control of both final microstructures and residual stresses and deformations. Numerical simulation is a useful tool for a better optimization of this process. The aim of our work was to contribute to the development of a numerical tool for the prediction of microstructures, stresses and strains during cooling of pieces that may contain chemical heterogeneities, particularly carbon content heterogeneities. Firstly, an existing model for the prediction of transformation kinetics in steels has been further developped in order to take into account the effects of the carbon content enrichment of austenite due to a partial ferritic transformation on the subsequent transformations. Coupled thermal, metallurgical, mechanical calculations have then been performed to study the effects of carbon content gradients on the microstructural evolutions and on the residual stresses development during cooling. Particularly, the possible effects of solidification macro and mesosegregations have been quantified in massive cylinders with sizes close to the size of an ingot. Secondly, experimental validations have been performed for homogeneous cylindrical specimen (40CrMnMo8 steel) and for a chemically heterogeneous specimen specifically designed for our study. The complete set of input data necessary for the simulations has been established from experimental characterizations of the steel. The role of chemical heterogeneity has been analysed through the experimental and calculated results. Finally, a good correlation has been obtained between measurements and calculation of the deformation during cooling of a 3D "croissant" shaped specimen
Quatravaux, Thibault. "Évolution de la modélisation du procédé VAR : contribution à la description de la dispersion inclusionnaire dans le puits liquide et à la prévention de défauts de solidification." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL037N.
Full textThis thesis deals with the modelling of Vacuum Arc Remelting process (VAR) using the numerical software SOLAR. The first aim of the study is a better description of several physical phenomena which occur during melting, in order to extend the application of the software to simulate the remelting of steel. The evolution in the modelling of transport phenomena in the secondary ingot is based on three major improvements: - lateral thermal transfer modelling, in order to take into account the formation of a gap between the ingot and the mould walls, a possible injection of a neutral gas, and the heating of water in the coolant circuit, according to its flow, - a better turbulence model, since the k-E model implemented previously in the numerical code was not accurate enough to correctly descri~ the flow of the liquid metal in the pool, - a new method to simulate the ingot growth, based on a cyclic operation of splitting and growth/migration of control volumes, which reproduces the continuous growth of the secondary ingot and allows for the refinement of the mesh close to the free surface. Finally, the improved model has been validated by comparison with experimental results provided from four remeltings carried out on full-scale furnaces. The second objective is the characterization of the quality of the manufactured products in terms of inclusion cleanliness and risk of freckles segregated channel generation. Ln order to describe the behaviour of inclusions in the liquid pool, a trajectory model, adapted to account for turbulent flows, was validated and then implemented in the code. Various particle behaviours were distinguished. A study on the risk of freckles generation led to the establishment of a criterion particularly weIl adapted to the process. A generalization of this criterion, suggested in this work, would allow the prediction of the probable orientation of such segregated channels
Diligent-Berveiller, Sophie. "Rôle des précipités de cuivre et de leur évolution sur la recristallisation des aciers sans interstitiels stabilisés au titane." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2000_DILIGENT_BERVEILLER_S.pdf.
Full textAmara, Mohamed. "Céramiques Nanocomposites Si/C/N/O : Simulation numérique d'un réacteur de synthèse de nanopoudres par pyrolyse laser." Limoges, 2004. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/b19e02a5-c1d9-455c-b8f3-4478477a2051/blobholder:0/2004LIMO0037.pdf.
Full textThe study relates to the development of nanocomposites Si3N4 having a fine microstructure suitable for hot forming. The materials are obtained by densification of silicon carbonitride nanometric powders, synthesized by laser pyrolysis from two combined precursors (SiH4 and HMDS : hexamethyldisilazane). The comparative study on various nanopowders showed the influence of the nature of the source of silicon (gas or liquid) on the structure, the thermal stability and the densification of the powders. The properties of the powders have been improved by adding SiH4 in HMDS during the synthesis. The resulting materials, obtained by sintering of these powders, are fully dense and exhibit a strong ductility at high temperature. Thus, this study validates the possibility of obtaining nanopowders at less cost, suitable for the fabrication of thermomechanical material based on Si3N4. The properties of the materials are strongly dependant on subtle phenomena, such as mixing, forming and drying, sintering parameters, and even more on the characteristics of the powders. In order to better control the properties of the powders, we have undertaken a numerical study to model and to simulate the SiCN powder synthesis by laser pyrolysis. The balance equations describing the process are written under continuum medium considerations. Numerical investigations are achieved by using an industrial CFD package (CFX-5) where specific subroutines are integrated. The first step of investigation concerns validation of numerical schemes, discretisation parameters and physical model followed by a parametric study to quantify the heat and chemical species transfer effects on the nanopowder synthesis. Taking into account the fluid flow in the reactor, we pointed out the significance of a collection of powders in inverse direction of the gravitational vector. We also showed the existence of convective motion undesirable to the powder collection process. Two working regimes are identified depending on the pressure (high or low). Some undesirable effects such as the conductive heat transfer in the area before the reactive zone are considered; we have shown that their effect is reduced under low pressure regime. Finally, the possibility of using a similar reactor for industrial production (near kg/h) has been studied. For that, a numerical study focusing on the reactor design (geometry, injection nozzle characteristics, etc) working under turbulent flow regime is achieved with simulations leading to conclusions useful for industry
Haddad, Fatima-Zohra. "Caractérisation de la ségrégation sous sollicitation instationnaire et convection solutate en solidification Bridgman horizontale." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECDL0013.
Full textIn this study we are interested in the directional solidification of binary alloys in the Bridgman configuration. Since the necessary qualities of these materials is an optimal chemical homogeneity, we have principally concentrated on segregation phenomena, which can be generated during the solidification process by various phenomena such as thermal and chemical convection courants, transient dynamics and instantaneous perturbations. We have studied these phenomena by a two dimensional numerical simulation. In our initial project we have studied the influence of "instationnarities" on the solidification of a diluted binary alloy. We began with the case of fluctuating solidification rate. From our results we were able to characterise the segregation in the solid alloy, by a model with a low frequency filter. In the following study we were interested in the case of an oscillating convection velocity, the solidification rate is taken to be constant. Here also the segregation can be characterised by a model with a low frequency filter. However we only find a linear variation of segregation amplitude signal as a function of the perturbation amplitude for small perturbation values. Concerning the radial segregation, it does not perfectly fit filter behaviour. In a further study, we have been interested in the solidification of concentrated binary alloys for which the convection flows are generated uniquely by chemical concentration gradiants. We have studied these flows for several different convection levels, as well as the chemical composition of the alloy melt. Following this, we analysed the segregation in the liquid and solid phases as a function of the different parameters. We were able to identify power law behaviour which agree with theoretical dimensional analysis arguments. Finally, we have performed a preliminary study of the deformation of the crystal-fluid interface. We find that the deformation grows with the convective amplitude. If the flow becomes oscillatory, the oscillations influence the interface, which itself oscillates around an average deformation position
Cranga, Julie. "Simulation numérique directe d'écoulements di- et tri-phasiques engendrés par l'injection de bulles dans un bain de métal liquide." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT015H.
Full textHallab, Soufiane. "Utilisation des sous-modèles comme filtres utilisés pour la commande et l'optimisation d'un atelier de lixiviation de l'or." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27522/27522.pdf.
Full textKatz, Aurélien. "Élaboration de céramiques polycristallines transparentes Er ³+ : YAG par Spark Plasma Sintering pour applications laser de puissance." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016VALE0007.
Full textThis work focus on the improvement of the solid state Er3+:YAG laser performances presenting an "eye-safe" wavelength at 1.64 µm. One way is the replacement of single crystals currently used as gain media by polycrystalline ceramics as they present improved thermo-mechanical properties allowing a longer use of the laser. However, the meeting of different criteria requested to get transparency remains a challenge in the development of these ceramics. The use of commercial powders produced by two different synthesis ways allowed to highlight the essential role of the physico-chemical characteristics of the powder on compaction and sintering behaviors, performed by Spark Plasma Sintering, Phase composition and chemical purity have an influence of the final optical quality. It was also figured out that the gray coloration of the ceramic observed after sintering is caused by the formation of oxygen vacancies, rather than a carbon contamination. Finally, the mode of action of LiF, used as sintering aid to increase optical transmittance, was studied in order to establish reaction mechanisms allowing an optimization of the SPS cycle. This approach helps to reach Er3+:YAG transparent polycrystalline ceramics (Ø = 30 mm, thk = 3 mm) with an optical transmittance of 80 at 400 nm and 84 % at 1100 nm. On the basis of these results and with the help of numerical simulation, an up-scaling of ceramics (Ø = 50 mm, thk = 5 mm) was undertaken in order to evaluate their laser performances through laser cavity tests
Duval, Hervé. "Contribution à l'utilisation de méthodes particulaires en métallurgie d'élaboration sous vide." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL040N.
Full textSemlali, Bouchaib. "Caractérisation et modélisation spatiale de la broyabilité des massifs rocheux : cas de la mine Troilus." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24481/24481.pdf.
Full textSeignez, Nicolas. "Nano-structures et mécanismes d'altération d'un vitrifiat issu de la métallurgie du plomb : similitudes et spécificités vis-à-vis de matériaux vitreux d'origine industrielle et naturelle." Lille 1, 2006. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0f9b049c-67ae-4eb1-9e1f-bdcf6cf0284e.
Full textVan, Belle Laurent. "Analyse, modélisation et simulation de l'apparition de contraintes en fusion laser métallique." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0116/document.
Full textThe Selective Laser Melting process, belonging to Additive processes , have the ability to create structures with complex geometries , with the possibility of including cavities, such as cooling channels providing optimum temperature control. This process enables the manufacture of three-dimensional parts from metal powders by melting the material , layer by layer, in agreement with the CAD model. In the process , high temperatures and thermal gradients cycles occur in the part during the process. These temperature gradients induce heterogeneous plastic strain and residual stresses. These residual stresses may affect the quality of the part obtained, for example the fatigue life. This work aims to propose a numerical model , based on the finite element method to study the appearance of residual stresses during laser melting process of metallic powders . The ABAQUS® Multiphysics software was used to perform the thermal and mechanical analyzes. The movement of the laser beam and the resolution of the thermal problem can predict the evolution of the temperature in the part and support. The "birth and death elements" technique was used to simulate the melting and solidification of the material during the process. Dependent mechanical properties of the temperature of the maraging steel used in this case were obtained using experimental testing and characterization and were established in the model. The calculations are decoupled : initially thermal calculation is performed and the results are used to perform mechanical calculations and finally predict the residual stress fields. In this work, a novel method based on the technique of measuring residual stresses by removing layers was developed to measure these stresses directly in the process. The results provide information on the level and distribution of stresses in the created part and support. Two parameters were tested to study their influence on the level of residual stress : time to spread the powder between two successive layers and layer height. The model is used to analyze the effects of process parameters related to the distribution of residual stresses in the manufactured parts. The results show that the variation of the thickness of the support does not affect the distribution of stresses in the part created. Preheating the substrate to a temperature of 800 °C reduces the residual stresses. The study of some laser strategies shows their influence on the distribution of plastic strain thus the height of the layers of powder or in the form of support (base, columns)
Corpace, Fabien. "Soudage par résistance du gainage combustible ODS d'un réacteur nucléaire de 4ème génération." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00786263.
Full textShi, Jianjun. "Experiment and simulation of micro injection molding and microwave sintering." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2064/document.
Full textPowder Injection molding process consists off our main stages: feedstock preparation, injection molding, debinding and sintering. The thesis presents the research on two main aspects: micro injectionmolding and microwave sintering. The main contributions can be concluded in thefollowing four aspects: Modification and supplement of previous algorithm for the simulation ofinjection molding process; Evaluation and implementation of surface tension effect in simulation for micro injection; Microwave sintering experiments of compacts based on 17-4PH stainles ssteel; Realization of the microwave sintering simulation with the coupling of multi-physics,including the classic microwave heating, heat transfer, and the supplement of model for sintering densification of powder impacts
Fruhauf, Jean-Baptiste. "ELABORATION ET CARACTERISATION MECANIQUE DE COMPOSITES A MATRICE TITANE RENFORCES PAR DES PARTICULES DE TIC." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EMSE0670/document.
Full textThe specific properties of titanium make it a key material for the replacement of steel in weight dependent applications. however, unlike steel, titanium suffers from poor wear resistance. in order to improve this weakness, it is proposed to develop titanium metal matrix composites (mmc) reinforced with titanium carbide particles.to this end, ti and ti-6al-4v mmc were prepared with reinforcement fractions ranging from 5 percent to 20 percent using three powder metallurgy techniques: free sintering, hot isostatic compression and extrusion. the composites were then characterized from a microstructural (density, grain size) and a mechanical (tensile test) point of view. by comparing the results, it was possible to establish a relationship between microstructural features and mechanical properties.following their preparation, the composites were subjected to a forging step in order to study their behavior during hot deformation and to further improve their mechanical properties. the presence of particles induces the apparition of damage during hot deformation. therefore, we determined the best forging for the different composites whilst taking microstructure into account.finally, through analytical modeling and numerical simulations, we determined the young modulus, the yield stress and predicted the behavior of a mmc during a tensile test
Esmaieli, Kamran. "Stability Analysis of ore Pass Systems at Brunswick Mine." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27140/27140.pdf.
Full textScholtes, Benjamin. "Développement d'un modèle level set performant pour la modélisation de la recristallisation en 3D." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM083/document.
Full textMechanical and functional properties of metallic materials are strongly related to their microstructures, which are themselves inherited from thermal and mechanical processing. Being able to accurately predict and simulate the microstructure and its heterogeneities after complex forming paths recently became crucial for the metallurgy industry. This is also a real challenge from a numerical point of view which highlights the importance of digital materials in new modeling techniques. In this work, we focus on a recent front-capturing full field model based on the level set (LS) method within a finite element (FE) framework to model recrystallization mechanisms.The strengths of this approach comparatively to the state of the art have motivated the development of a software package called DIGIMU® by the company TRANSVALOR with the support of major industrial companies. However, the main drawback of this approach, common with other front-capturing full field approaches working on unstructured FE meshes, is its important computational cost, especially in 3D.Main purpose of this work was finally to drastically improve the numerical cost of the considered LS-FE formulation in context of unstructured FE meshes. New generic numerical developments have been proposed to improve the global efficiency of the model. The existing 2D LS formulation, already used to model grain growth, static recrystallization and the Smith-Zener pinning effect, has been extended and improved in order to model these mechanisms in 3D for large-scale polycrystals with reasonable computational costs
Ba, Kadiata. "Intégration de la modélisation du matériau et du procédé pour le design et l'optimisation d'une composante de train d'atterrissage d'avion : procédé de forgeage." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29950.
Full textThe present work deals with the development of an integrated material and process modeling methodology for the design and optimization of an aircraft landing gear component manufactured using hot forging process in collaboration with Héroux-Devtek. To carry out this work, an investigative work of the different aspects of the material, process and numerical modeling techniques is performed. A characterization of mechanical and metallurgical properties of the aluminum alloy 7175 under various conditions has been done and the work allowed to better know the behavior of this alloy particularly in our forging conditions. The Johnson-Cook constitutive model was characterized and used for simulations of various processes analysis. An investigation about the integration of the effect of the microstructure in the material behavior law was realized. This study led one to consider a modified Johnson-Cook model that can take account of the effects of dynamic recrystallization during the material flow. A greater accuracy was obtained in comparison with the standard Johnson- Cook model for simulations involving high strain levels. An investigation about the simulation tools was also performed. A comparative study of CEL (Coupling Eulerian-Lagrangian) and SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) formulation with the finite elements method (FEM) allowed to classify the different methods according to their performance in the simulations of complex forged part involving large deformations (very important material flow). To use the SPH formulation existing in Abaqus for the simulation of coupled thermomechanical problems, it was first necessary to develop a thermomechanical VUMAT (user’s material) subroutine. For more accurate simulation of forging process, a contribution was made regarding the SPH method. To do this, an independent in-house SPH code and an ABAQUS VUEL (user’s element) subroutine based on the total Lagrangian formulation of solid mechanic’s equations were developed. For validation purposes, both numerical investigations and experimental works were accomplished. Regarding the numerical simulation, the results obtained with the in-house code were validated by comparing them with results obtained using the Abaqus FE commercial code. Moreover, in order to achieve the main objective of integrated material and process modeling for the product design, a suitable methodology was developed and validated experimentally by designing and manufacturing by the closed die hot forging process, a representative prototype of the industrial part. Keywords: Hot forging, landing gear, aluminum alloys, Johnson-Cook, dynamic recrystallization, Abaqus, FE, CEL, VUMAT, VUEL SPH, total Lagrangian formulation, SPH code.
Hammoud, Hussein. "Sintering of cerium oxide based materials by microwave heating." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEM004/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is the evaluation of the heating by microwave technology and its applicability in the densification step, as a part of nuclear long life wastes recycling process and then the following up of the sintering of cerium oxide, a non-radioactive simulant of plutonium oxide. In this work, we developed a system for determining the dielectric properties of cerium oxide and made a comparative study between the sintering by microwave heating in a single-mode cavity and the conventional sintering in a dilatometer for two different powders of ceria: the first one has a micrometric particle size and the second has a nanometric one. In addition, we performed several numerical simulations on the basis of a model coupling electromagnetics and heat transfer. In these works, we have shown the effect of the size of a spherical model particle on the electric field (E) inside and around the particle. In the framework of a packing model of particles, the presence of a neck between these particles, their orientation relative to E field, and the number of these particles showed a decisive role in the intensity of the E field which has a direct impact on the heating of the particles
Baudoin, Pierre. "Caractérisation et identification de propriétés de matériaux métalliques à gradients de microstructure." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10015/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to design a consistent methodology for the characterization and simulation of functionally graded metals. This approach should allow the assessment of the high cycle fatigue response of forged railway axles produced by Valdunes, in the context of the Innovaxle project. The tests conducted on the forged material reveal a very heterogeneous microstructure, whose grain size varies in the width of the axle. A procedure based on recrystallisation is designed to reproduce this grain size gradient on a smaller scale, on a reference material (ARMCO iron). The characterization of the obtained graded microstructure shows heterogeneities in the local elasto-plastic response of the specimen. This behaviour is tentatively described by a heterogeneously distributed elasto-plastic law over the microstructure, the local yield strength being obtained from the local grain size through a Hall-Petch formulation. This model is used to simulate the response of graded microstructures under heterogeneous loadings in the high cycle fatigue regime. The interests of functionally graded materials are outlined by these simulations. The finite element simulations run in this work make use of the Code Aster software, and the digital image correlation program YADICS is used for image registration purposes
Piochaud, Jean-Baptiste. "Modelling of radiation induced segregation in austenitic Fe alloys at the atomistic level." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10024/document.
Full textIn pressurized water reactors, under irradiation internal structures are subject of irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking which is influenced by radiation induced segregation (RIS). In this work RIS of 316 stainless steels is modelled considering a model ternary Fe–10Ni–20Cr alloy. For this purpose we have built an Fe-Ni-Cr pair interaction model to simulate RIS at the atomistic level using an atomistic kinetic Monte Carlo approach. The pair interactions have been deduced from density functional theory (DFT) data available in the pure fcc systems but also from DFT calculations we have performed in the Fe–10Ni–20Cr target alloy. Point defect formation energies were calculated and found to depend strongly on the local environment of the defect. As a consequence, a rather good estimation of these energies can be obtained from the knowledge of the number and respective positions of the Ni and Cr atoms in the vicinity of the defect. This work shows that a model based only on interaction parameters between elements positioned in perfect lattice sites (solute atoms and vacancy) cannot capture alone both the thermodynamic and the kinetic aspect of RIS. A more accurate of estimating the barriers encountered by the diffusing species is required than the one used in our model, which has to depend on the saddle point environment. This study therefore shows thus the need to estimate point defect migration energies using the DFT approach to calibrate a model that can be used in the framework of atomic kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. We also found that the reproduction by our pair interaction model of DFT data for the self-interstitial atoms was found to be incompatible with the modelling of RIS under electron irradiation
Nagy, Csaba. "Modélisation numérique multiphysique et multi-échelles de la solidification des alliages sous la convection forcée." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI054/document.
Full textAluminium and aluminium-based alloys are widely in industry due to the corrosion passivity, lighter weight, yet – in several cases – comparable strength with steel. Often, the material is used “as-cast“, that means that composition, macro- and microstructure of the material emerged during the casting defines its behaviour under different loads. Yet, convective flows generally arise in casting processes performed on-ground because of gravity and modify local solidification conditions, and, consequently, solute distribution and affect properties of material. To understand and to be able to control such phenomena, detailed experimental and numerical work has been needed.Two Bridgman-type furnaces were constructed in the University of Miskolc, Hungary, by MTA-ME Materials Science Research Group in the framework of the ESA funded MICAST project for experimental study of the effect of convective flow in solidification of alloys. These facilities were equipped with electromagnetic systems capable to generate rotating and travelling magnetic fields of various intensities.Multiphase models developed at SIMaP/EPM, Grenoble, France, were applied for numerical study of the solidification of binary and ternary aluminium alloys under electromagnetically generated convective flow. Solidification of a binary Al-Si alloy under RMF stirring was done with Euler-Euler ensemble averaging and lever rule mesoscale models coupled with the macroscale transport both in 2D and 3D geometries. Further, effect of various modes of TMF stirring during solidification of a ternary alloys was studied in 3D geometry with lever rule based macroscopic model. Results of numerical simulations well explain the segregation observed in the experimental samples
De, Oliveira Campos Leandro Dijon. "Mass transfer coefficients across dynamic liquid steel/slag interface." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0554/document.
Full textIn order to characterize the mass transfer coefficients (MTC) of different species across liquid steel/slag interface, a multiphase Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model was developed. MTC’s are estimated from models based on physicochemical and hydrodynamic parameters, such as mass diffusivity, interface shear and divergence strength. These models were developed for gas-liquid interactions with relative low Schmidt (Sc=ν⁄D) numbers (Sc≈200). However, the industrial processes involve mass transfer of chemical species with Sc number ranging from 103 to 104. To evaluate the applicability of these existing models, the fluid flow in the vicinity of a liquid/liquid interface is investigated. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) and Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) were used to calculate and measure the velocity field on a continuous casting (CC) water model configuration. The work provides new insights and original measures to understand the fluid flow near liquid-liquid interfaces.The mass transfer model of an industrial continuous casting mold showed that the mass transfer coefficients are not homogeneously distributed, and slag properties should follow this trend. This non-homogeneity was confirmed by physical experiments performed with a water model of a CC configuration and its CFD representation. The calculated flow was used to predict the MTC and the interface area between phases, since the interface is constantly moving. These parameters will be the input of thermodynamic models to predict slag composition and viscosity. This methodology is currently under validation, and it will also be applied to improve steel plant performance in the desulphurization process
Bertrand, Carl. "Modélisation de la séparation magnétique de basse intensité sur tambours rotatifs : enrichissement du minerai Havre Saint-Pierre de Rio Tinto, Fer et Titane." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27756/27756.pdf.
Full textBadran, Mohamad. "Contribution au développement d'une Nouvelle Approche du Compound Energy Formalism (NACEF)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0109.
Full textIn a current context of reducing energy consumption, it is necessary in many industrial fields to develop new materials such as multi-compound metal alloys. Their characterization in a purely experimental way quickly becomes impossible to realize, digital simulation tools become unavoidable. As such, the CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagram) approach is the most appropriate numerical tool for thermodynamic processing of multi-constituent systems. This is a semi-empirical method for describing the Gibbs energies of the phases of a system by mathematical functions by adjusting certain parameters from a set of information relating to the equilibrium phase or the thermodynamic and structural properties. Based on the sublattice model, Compound Energy Formalism (CEF) is widely used in CALPHAD modeling to describe Gibbs energy of phases that have multiple sublattices. The work presented in this dissertation is a contribution to the development of a New Approach to Compound Energy Formalism (NACEF) that aims to increase its potential. In this thesis, the new NACEF approach is presented in the case of multi-subnet binary phases with anti-site defects. We applied NACEF in the modeling of 2 binary systems in order to demonstrate its potential and in particular its ability to make model simplifications compatible. This is the Fe-Nb system in which the Laves C14 phase has been described by the 3-sublattice model and the Co-Cr system where the σ phase has been modeled with 5 sublattices. In the last chapter, we propose an extrapolation method based on NACEF which allows to obtain an estimate of the energies of the ordered configurations of a multi-constituted phase from those of the binary configurations. The results obtained on many systems in the case of the C14 and σ phases indicate a strong correlation between the extrapolated values and those obtained by DFT
Juganaru, Mihaela. "Equilibrage et régulation de charge dans les machines parallèles à mémoire distribuée." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00822691.
Full textDespret, Pierre. "Simulation numérique de la solidification avec réduction de modèle PGD appliquée à la fonderie." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2226/document.
Full textThe PhD Thesis was carried out in a metallurgy and numerical simulation environment. The main topic was to model solidification, thought heat equation formulation and reduced order model PGD resolution. Montupet, specialized in aluminium alloys foundry hold and financed the project, the Université de Technologie de Compiègne did the acadernic supervising. The PGD method "Proper General Decomposition" is a hot topic based on variable separation. We proposed, regarding the non-linear materials, a space-time discretization of material matrix. With a temperature formulation, without latent heat, gains are high. With latent heat, gains fall drastically. We proposed the hypothesis that temperature could be an inadapted formulation. We decided to use the enthalpy formulation. This formulation offers good perspectives but needs more developments. During the thesis, five months were spent in the USA to get a better caracterisation of the solid fraction, particularly its variation in function of the cooling rate. Under reservation, the samples show a modification of solid fraction curves and particularly a change of solidification interval in function of cooling rate
Vaugeois, Antoine. "Modélisation de l'influence de la structure des joints de grains sur les phénomènes de ségrégation." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR096/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the modeling of grain boundaries (GB) structure and segregation phenomena. Segregation at GB in polycrystalline materials can have profound consequences on structural and functional properties : intergranular slipping, intergranular corrosion and mechanical properties. Segregation becomes really important in irradiated materials where radiation-induced segregation can change th local composition of GB and sometimes impact the macroscopic properties of materials. In this work, the quasi-particles approach is developed to model these phenomena in binary systems. The quasi-particles approach is a continuous model able to model physical phenomena at atomic scale. One of the insight of this model is the capability to simulate atomic displacement in continuum space and diffusive transitions at mesoscale. In this work, the quasi-particles approach is used to study phosphorus segregation at GB. The link between GB structure and phosphorus concentration is highlighted. Next, vacancies or self-interstitial are introduced into the quasi-particles approach to model some specific phenomena which occur in irradiated materials. In particular, the diffusion and annihilation of vacancies (or self-interstitials) at GB could be modeled. When sink strength of GB is large enough, vacancies diffuse to GB and create voids with elongated shape, consistantly with experimental observation. Finally, the quasi-particles approach is used to study grain growth in polycrystalline materials
Baccar, El Boubkari Fedia. "Évaluation des mécanismes de défaillance et de la fiabilité d’une nouvelle terminaison haute tension : approche expérimentale et modélisation associée." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0266/document.
Full textThis work is a part of the research project SUPERSWITCH in which alternatives solutions to the IGBT, are investigated. This solution was used IGBT in power converters in the 600-1200 V breakdown voltage range. The new MOSFET structures based on the super-junction, such as the DT-SJMOSFET and its "Deep Trench Termination", is proposed as an alternative to IGBT. In this context, this thesis focuses on the robustness characterization of the DT2 termination adapted to a planar diode. After a state of the art on unidirectional voltage power components, the power components termination, and power modules reliability, a test vehicle has been designed in order to carry out different accelerated ageing tests and electrical monitoring. The reliability of DT2 termination was evaluated by experimental tests and numerical simulations. An innovative modeling methodology has been proposed. Finally, new structures have been proposed to limit the delamination failure mechanisms and interface charges problems highlighted in this thesis
Hugo, Mathilde. "Contribution à la modélisation du procédé de refusion sous laitier éléctroconducteur." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0091.
Full textThe ElectroSlag Remelting process (ESR) is widely used to produce high added value alloys for critical applications (aerospace industry, nuclear plants, etc.). Trial-and-error based approaches being expensive, numerical simulation is fundamental to improve the knowledge and the understanding of this complex process. The Institut Jean Lamour has been developing for several years a numerical code to simulate the melting of a consumable electrode, supposedly perfectly cylindrical, within a mold assumed to be perfectly electrically insulated from the electrode-slag-ingot system. Based on these assumptions, the 2-D axisymmetrical transient-state numerical model accounts for electromagnetic phenomena and coupled heat and momentum transfers, to simulate the continuous growth of the electroslag remelted ingot and the solidification of the metal and slag. Recent studies on the ESR process are challenging the insulated mold hypothesis. Therefore, the main objective of the thesis is to acknowledge and study the existence of a mold current during an ESR remelting. A first model has been set-up, aimed to simulate the electromagnetic phenomena in the whole system for a simplified geometry. The possibility of the existence of such a mold current was confirmed. Based on this work, a fully-coupled model has then been developed and the results have been compared with experimental data to check the validity of the modifications. The influence of slag properties and operating parameters on the final quality of the ingot has been tested