Journal articles: 'FRIENDS: Prevention of Anxiety and Depression Program'

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Zwaanswijk, Marieke, and Mia P. Kösters. "Children's and Parents’ Evaluations of ‘FRIENDS for Life’, an Indicated School-Based Prevention Program for Children With Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression." Behaviour Change 32, no. 4 (September 18, 2015): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2015.13.

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There is evidence that the school-based program FRIENDS for Life is effective in preventing childhood anxiety and depression. Effectiveness is, however, not the only prerequisite for successful implementation. Participants’ evaluation of a prevention program may provide suggestions about how to fine-tune it to fit the needs of the target population. This study investigated children's and parents’ evaluations of the Dutch version of FRIENDS for Life. Forty-four participants of FRIENDS for Life (9–13 years) participated in online focus groups and 38 parents were interviewed in 2011–2012. Questions concerned the general opinion about the program, its perceived effectiveness and group atmosphere, and suggestions for program improvement. Most children (95.5%) and parents (65.8%) evaluated the program positively, and the majority (61.4% and 76.3%) thought that it had been useful in changing the child's behaviour. Children and parents expressed complementary views about the behaviours the child had learned. Some children (38.6%) expressed negative opinions about the program. Parents’ attendance at parent meetings was low (31.6–36.8%). Considered together with the growing evidence of the effectiveness of FRIENDS for Life, we concluded that it can be successfully implemented as an indicated prevention program in primary schools for children who show symptoms of anxiety or depression. Efforts could be made to increase parents’ involvement in the program.

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Barrett, Paula M., and Kristine M. Pahl. "School-Based Intervention: Examining a Universal Approach to Anxiety Management." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 16, no. 1 (July 1, 2006): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.16.1.55.

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AbstractAnxiety disorders are among the most common mental health problems affecting children and adolescents. Current estimates indicate that 1 in 5 children or 4 to 6 students within a classroom of 30 children are at risk for developing an anxiety disorder (Boyd, Kostanski, Gullone, Ollendick, & Shek, 2000). Of these children, many will not receive clinical intervention. The school environment is the optimal setting to address this issue and to minimise the risk and prevent the development of anxiety disorders. This article examines the importance of early intervention and prevention within the school setting through an examination of the risk and protective factors of anxiety and the comparability of three approaches to prevention in schools — selective, indicated, and universal approaches. All three prevention approaches are discussed along with the advantages and disadvantages of each. The applicability of the universal approach to prevention is discussed in relation to the FRIENDS for Life (FRIENDS) program (Barrett, 2004, 2005) and its implementation within schools. The FRIENDS program is an evidence-based, cognitive–behavioural anxiety program for children and youth. It is the only evidence-based program endorsed by the World Health Organization as an effective program for the prevention and treatment of anxiety and depression in children and youth.

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Gallegos, Julia, Alejandra Rodríguez, Graciela Gómez, Marisol Rabelo, and Mónica Fernanda Gutiérrez. "The FRIENDS for Life Program for Mexican Girls Living in an Orphanage: A Pilot Study." Behaviour Change 29, no. 1 (March 2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2012.8.

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Anxiety and depression are common problems experienced by children and adolescents that, without an effective intervention, can lead to a series of negative consequences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness the Spanish version of the FRIENDS for Life program (Barrett, 2008a, 2008b), a social and emotional skills program that uses cognitive-behavioural techniques for the prevention and early intervention of anxiety and depression. The program was implemented at the selective level of prevention with girls living at an orphanage in Mexico. Participants received the program for 10 consecutive weeks, and pretest and post-test measures were administered. Measures evaluated participants’ anxiety and depressive symptoms and risk status, proactive coping skills, levels of self-concept, self-esteem, and optimism. Social validity was also assessed. Results showed positive changes particularly in optimism and self-concept. Particular items and subscales of the measures also reported statistically significant changes, such as a decrease in worry, physiological symptoms of anxiety, and negative mood, and an increase in self-esteem at home and with peers. Participants evaluated the program as enjoyable and useful. Implications of the findings and further research are discussed.

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Lowry-Webster, Hayley M., Paula M. Barrett, and Mark R. Dadds. "A Universal Prevention Trial of Anxiety and Depressive Symptomatology in Childhood: Preliminary Data from an Australian Study." Behaviour Change 18, no. 1 (April 1, 2001): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.18.1.36.

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AbstractThis paper describes the development and preliminary findings of a program designed to prevent the development of anxiety and depressive symptoms in children aged 10 to 13 years. Using a universal prevention approach, a total of 594 children were randomly assigned on a class-by-class basis to either a 10-session family group CBT program (FRIENDS) routinely implemented as part of the school curriculum, or to a comparison group. Pre-post intervention changes were examined universally, and for children who scored above the clinical cut-off for anxiety at pretest. Results revealed that children in the FRIENDS intervention group reported fewer anxiety symptoms, regardless of their risk status, than the comparison group at posttest. In terms of reported levels of depression, only the high anxiety group who completed the FRIENDS intervention evidenced improvements at posttest. Overall, these preliminary results appear to support the benefits of a school-based universal cognitive-behavioural intervention program. Implications of this study are discussed, and long-term follow-up measures are currently underway.

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Lowry-Webster, Hayley M., Paula M. Barrett, and Sally Lock. "A Universal Prevention Trial of Anxiety Symptomology during Childhood: Results at 1-Year Follow-up." Behaviour Change 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.20.1.25.24843.

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AbstractIn 2001 we evaluated a universal prevention trial of anxiety during childhood, and also examined the effects of the program on levels of depression. Participants were 594 children aged 10—13 years from seven schools in Brisbane, Australia, who were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group on a school-by-school basis. The intervention was based on the group CBT program FRIENDS (Barrett, Lowry-Webster & Holmes, 1999a, 1999b, 1999c). Results were examined universally (for all children) and for children who scored above the clinical cut-off for anxiety at pre-test. At 12-month follow-up, intervention gains were maintained, as measured by self-reports and diagnostic interviews. Eighty-five per cent of children in the intervention group who were scoring above the clinical cut-off for anxiety and depression were diagnosis free in the intervention condition, compared to only 31.2% of children in the control group. Implications of these findings are examined, alongside limitations and directions for future research.

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Fukushima-Flores, Marnie, and Lynn Miller. "FRIENDS Parent Project: Effectiveness of Parent Training in Reducing Parent Anxiety in a Universal Prevention Program for Anxiety Symptoms in School Children." Behaviour Change 28, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.28.2.57.

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AbstractAnxiety is the most pervasive childhood mental health disorder today. This study examined the parent component of a school-based universal prevention and early intervention program. Participating parents (N= 122) completed four measures on anxiety, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index, the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, before and after the parent program. The effectiveness of the program was investigated by analysing mean scores of the parent self-reported anxiety symptoms and parent reports of child anxiety symptoms. The main analyses conducted were 2 × 2 between-within ANOVAs for each measure. The hypothesis that parents who participated in the program (n= 20) would report reduced anxiety symptoms for themselves and for their children when compared to parents who did not attend (n= 120) was not confirmed. The parent's satisfaction level with the program was also studied, with high acceptability ratings providing strong social validity for this program. Implications of the findings, strengths, limitations and suggestions for further research are discussed.

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Kösters, Mia P., Mai J. M. Chinapaw, Marieke Zwaanswijk, Marcel F. van der Wal, Elisabeth M. W. J. Utens, and Hans M. Koot. "FRIENDS for Life: Implementation of an indicated prevention program targeting childhood anxiety and depression in a naturalistic setting." Mental Health & Prevention 6 (June 2017): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mhp.2017.03.003.

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Barrett, Paula M., Lara J. Farrell, Thomas H. Ollendick, and Mark Dadds. "Long-Term Outcomes of an Australian Universal Prevention Trial of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Children and Youth: An Evaluation of the Friends Program." Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 35, no. 3 (July 1, 2006): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp3503_5.

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Conley, Colleen S., Jenna B. Shapiro, Brynn M. Huguenel, and Alexandra C. Kirsch. "Navigating the College Years: Developmental Trajectories and Gender Differences in Psychological Functioning, Cognitive-Affective Strategies, and Social Well-Being." Emerging Adulthood 8, no. 2 (August 26, 2018): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167696818791603.

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College presents unique opportunities and stressors that challenge psychosocial adjustment. This 4-year longitudinal study examines multiple aspects of adjustment in 5,532 college students from immediately pre-college across each of 4 academic years. Student adjustment generally worsens across the first 2 years in the domains of psychological functioning (decreased self-esteem; increased depression, anxiety, and stress), cognitive-affective strategies (decreased active emotional coping, increased avoidant emotional coping), and social adjustment (decreased social support from friends). The latter 2 years generally witness improvement, though only recovering to pre-college levels in self-esteem and active emotional coping for women, and just the latter for men. Women experience worse initial psychological functioning (more distress and lower self-esteem), though their self-esteem recovers by the end of college. Men exhibit worse friend support and active emotional coping, and a pattern of worsening avoidant emotional coping throughout college. Current findings highlight the first 2 years as an extended transition period when prevention programs may be especially needed.

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Cole, John Charles. "Active and healthy: a ten year group history designed to support relapse prevention for older people suffering with anxiety and/or depression." Mental Health and Social Inclusion 25, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mhsi-09-2020-0062.

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Purpose The purpose of this project was to determine if consumers of Older People’s Mental Health (OPMH) recovering from depression and/or anxiety would benefit, in terms of a reduction in symptomatology and an increase in overall quality of life, from a group program approach. Design/methodology/approach The Active & Healthy Group Program was developed drawing on evidenced-based psycho-education, psychotherapy, cognitive behavioural therapy and research on the effects of diet and activity on well-being. The program consists of six weekly sessions, each consisting of 50 min of psycho-education followed by physical and social activity of similar duration. Pre-and post-testing was undertaken using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Kessler 10 (K10) and European Health Interview Survey-Quality of Life-8 Item Index. In addition, participants completed a qualitative post-group survey focussing on their evaluation of the group, strengths and suggested improvements. The pre- and post-group measures were subjected to statistical analysis. Findings According to pre- and post-test measures, the majority of group participants showed significant reductions in depressive symptoms and psychological distress (GDS and K10). This aligned with an overall increase in measures of quality of life (WHO QOL 8). Originality/value This paper contributes to the emerging evidence that older people are often open to education and change, given a friendly non-confrontational environment where evidence is presented that challenges the negative stereotypes so often put forward about old age. Given the nature of the outcomes, Active & Healthy, perhaps, has the potential to impact on service transformation to incorporate group work of this type as a valuable adjunct to core service provision.

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Catalini, Alessandro, Clara Mazza, Claudia Cosma, Giuseppa Minutolo, Valentina De Nicolò, Veronica Gallinoro, Marta Caminiti, et al. "Public Health Residents’ Anonymous Survey in Italy (PHRASI): Study Protocol for a Cross-Sectional Study for a Multidimensional Assessment of Mental Health and Its Determinants." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 21, 2023): 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032003.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has evolved into a severe psychosocial crisis affecting patients, their relatives, friends, and healthcare professionals. In Italy, public health residents (PHRs) remain essential to the national response to the pandemic. To assess their mental sphere, the “Public Mental Health” working group of the medical residents’ Assembly of the Italian Society of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine has designed the Public Health Residents’ Anonymous Survey in Italy (PHRASI). This is a nation-wide cross-sectional study based on an 88-item self-administered voluntary survey that evaluates how sociodemographic variables are associated with mental issues, including wellness, eating disorders, sleeplessness, alcohol misuse, depression, and anxiety. Data will be gathered by disseminating a Google Forms link across the Assembly network of medical residents. All PHRs enrolled in a four-year program in one of the Italian postgraduate schools of public health will be qualified as participants. PHRASI aims to draw a comprehensive and detailed picture of the mental health state of Italian PHRs. PHRs are a significant group of healthcare professionals that may serve as a future benchmark for developing and enacting regulations intended to support the mental health of healthcare professionals.

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Collington, Deshawn, Markea Carter, Aliyah Tolliver, and Jocelyn Turner-Musa. "Sexual Assault Among College Students Attending a Historically Black College/University." American Journal of Undergraduate Research 15, no. 4 (March 24, 2019): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2019.004.

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Sexual assault constitutes a significant public health problem on college campuses including historically Black colleges and universities (HBCU). Recent research suggests that sexual assault is increasing on college campuses. However, there are few studies examining the prevalence and risk factors for sexual assault at HBCUs. To address this gap, the current study examined the prevalence, correlates, and outcomes of sexual assault at an HBCU. Participants in the study were 264 undergraduate students from an HBCU in the mid-Atlantic region. The majority of participants were female (71%), African American (91%), and seniors (41%). After providing informed consent, participants completed a Climate Assessment survey administered by the university’s Office of Diversity. Findings revealed that since starting college about 20% of students experienced sexual contact without consent. Of those sexually assaulted, 20% reported they were incapacitated or under the influence of alcohol (15%) at the time of the assault. About 17% of those assaulted experienced a physical injury and/or poor mental health outcomes (e.g., anxiety, depression, flashbacks). Participants reported not disclosing information of their assault due to embarrassment, afraid of retaliation from the perpetrator, believing it was a private matter. Close friends were more likely to be told about sexual assault. The study supports the need to address sexual assault on HBCU campuses through strong prevention and intervention programs and to address barriers to reporting.

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Raymond, Martha, and Margaret-Ann Simonetta. "Patient-reported outcomes: The anal cancer patient lived experience." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2022): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.4_suppl.002.

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2 Background: Anal Cancer incidence and deaths from the disease have been rising in the United States for the past two decades. Data published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute (11/19/2019) indicate from 2001 to 2015, anal cancer overall incidence increased by 2.7% per year and deaths rose by 3.1 % each year. This data indicates that anal cancer may be one of the fastest growing causes of cancer incidence and mortality. Now, especially with data indicating the rise in incidence rate, it is imperative that the anal cancer patient lived experience be better understood, including gaps in awareness and prevention education that may lead to earlier diagnosis. The Raymond Foundation in partnership with the anal cancer patient community is amplifying the patient voice by facilitating a series of impactful roundtable conversations to underscore the patient lived experience. Methods: From March–August 2021, the Raymond Foundation convened virtual roundtable conversations and individual interviews with 171 anal cancer patients and survivors. Overarching themes from our conversations included: Barriers to earlier diagnosis and awareness, Frustration and anger by the lack of new treatment protocols, Quality of life after diagnosis, including daily distress levels leading to allostatic load. Results: 94% of patients/survivors reported lack of anal cancer awareness and prevention education that may have led to a later stage diagnosis; 93% reported feeling stigmatized with a marked decrease in quality of life post diagnosis; 90% reported feeling embarrassed when discussing their diagnosis with family and friends; 86% reported frustration and anger by the lack of new treatment options; Anxiety (81%), Fear (78%) Depression (73%) were common daily distress concerns; Reported physical effects of the disease and treatment, include Radiation Proctitis (71%) Fecal Incontinence (68%) Urinary Incontinence (65%). Less than half (44%) of patients felt empowered and comfortable advocating for themselves regarding their healthcare and treatment decisions. Conclusions: Anal cancer patients have many unmet needs–both physical and psycho-social. Their voices and lived experiences provide a roadmap to better understand these unmet needs. Based on our patient-reported outcomes research, we will continue our outreach and partnership with the anal cancer community to provide patient support, education and awareness programs and campaigns that help meet the needs of the anal cancer patient community.

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St.Onge, Jennifer Rose, Robert Stephenson, and Bindu Senthil Kumar. "Validation of the FRIENDS Anxiety Prevention Program for Children in Canada." Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 35, no. 3 (December 2016): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2016-036.

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Rose, Heather, Lynn Miller, and Yvonne Martinez. "“Friends for Life”: The Results of a Resilience-Building, Anxiety-Prevention Program in a Canadian Elementary School." Professional School Counseling 12, no. 6 (August 2009): 2156759X0901200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156759x0901200612.

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The purpose of the study in this article was to replicate past findings showing the effectiveness of a cognitive, behavioral resilience-building/anxiety-prevention program, “FRIENDS for Life.” The results of the controlled study of two Grade 4 classrooms in Canada (N = 52) indicate that all children reported reduced levels of anxiety regardless of receiving the FRIENDS program. Limitations of the study are discussed and future research concerning school counseling programs using evidence-based approaches is highlighted.

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Gallegos-Guajardo, Julia, Norma Ruvalcaba-Romero, Audra Langley, and Diana Villegas-Guinea. "Selective Prevention for Anxiety and Resilience Promotion: Outcomes of an Anxiety Prevention and Resilience Program with Girls at Risk." Pensando Psicología 11, no. 18 (December 15, 2015): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/pe.v11i18.1001.

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Introduction: Research has shown that the number of children and adolescents experiencing emotional difficulties such as anxiety is escalating, especially for those groups at risk. Living in an orphanage has been considered a risk factor for delays in an individuals’ social, emotional and behavioral development. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Spanish version of the FRIENDS program, a CBT-based resilience program, with 57 girls from low socioeconomic status (SES) background that were living in an orphanage. Method: Participants received the program for 10 consecutive weeks, and pre- and post-test measures were collected. Measures evaluated participants’ anxiety symptoms, level of self-concept, hope, coping skills, and psychosocial difficulties. Social validity was also assessed. Results: Results showed positive changes, including a decrease in anxiety symptoms and psychosocial difficulties, as well as an increase in their proactive coping skills. Several subscales and items of the self-concept and hope outcome measures also reported statistically significant improvements. Conclusions: Participants and parents/caregivers reported that the program was both enjoyable and useful. Implications of the findings and directions for further research are discussed.

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Farrell, Lara J., Paula M. Barrett, and Susanne Claassens. "Community Trial of an Evidence-Based Anxiety Intervention for Children and Adolescents (the FRIENDS Program): A Pilot Study." Behaviour Change 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 236–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.22.4.236.

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AbstractThe aim of the current pilot study was to examine the effectiveness of the FRIENDS program (a cognitive–behavioural intervention for children and adolescents with anxiety) within a community-based clinic in Brisbane, Australia. A total of 18 children participated in the study and completed the FRIENDS program at Pathways Health and Research Centre, an innovative research-based psychology clinic for children, adolescents and families. All participants either met criteria for an anxiety disorder (N = 11) or were experiencing subclinical symptoms of anxiety (N = 7) before commencing the intervention. Before and following treatment, participants were assessed using a diagnostic interview and completed a number of self-report questionnaires. Results indicated that 73% of the participants who met criteria for an anxiety disorder before the intervention were diagnosis-free following treatment. Positive treatment effects were also found for questionnaire data, indicating that there were significant reductions on self-report levels of anxiety and depression following treatment. The outcome of this research suggests that the FRIENDS program is an effective treatment for children with anxiety, and results from this community trial replicate findings from controlled treatment trials.

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Mostert, Jemona, and Helene Loxton. "Exploring the Effectiveness of the FRIENDS Program in Reducing Anxiety Symptoms Among South African Children." Behaviour Change 25, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.25.2.85.

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AbstractThe prevalence of anxiety symptoms among South African children is reported to be significantly higher than in other parts of the world. The need for an effective anxiety prevention and early intervention program for use with South African children is urgently needed. The aim of the present study was therefore to determine whether the Australian FRIENDS program could effectively reduce the anxiety symptoms, as measured by the Spence Children's Anxiety scale (SCAS), among a sample of South African children from low socioeconomic background. The program evaluation employed a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group design that followed participants (N = 46) over a course of 10 months. Within group effects and between group effects revealed that the FRIENDS program had little statistically significant postintervention effect on the anxiety symptoms of this sample, but had significant effects in the longer term, at 4 months and 6 months follow-up. The implications of these results for the South African context are discussed.

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Schmitt, Julia C., Rosa M. Valiente, Julia García-Escalera, Sandra Arnáez, Victoria Espinosa, Bonifacio Sandín, and Paloma Chorot. "Prevention of Depression and Anxiety in Subclinical Adolescents: Effects of a Transdiagnostic Internet-Delivered CBT Program." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (April 28, 2022): 5365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095365.

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Anxiety and depressive symptoms are common problems in adolescence that could be addressed by means of preventive interventions. Even though transdiagnostic cognitive behavior therapy (T-CBT) is potentially an ideal strategy to deal with anxiety and depression, it has rarely been used for preventive purposes. In addition, so far, no study has used internet-delivered T-CBT to prevent anxiety and depression in adolescents. This study aimed to examine the utility of AMTE, an internet-delivered T-CBT program, for the indicated prevention of anxiety and depression in adolescents. AMTE was applied to 30 adolescents (56.7% females, age range = 12–18 years, Mage = 14.00, SDage = 1.89) who showed subclinical symptoms of anxiety and/or depression. Participants were assessed at pre- and post-treatment and follow-up (3 months). We found that after the program, the symptoms of self-reported anxiety and depression, clinician-rated symptom severity, and self-reported and parent-reported severity of the main problems had significantly improved. In addition, there were significant improvements in anxiety sensitivity and emotional avoidance. Finally, we found high feasibility and acceptability of the program. AMTE is feasible and potentially effective for the indicated prevention of anxiety and depression as well as of clinical transdiagnostic factors, in adolescents.

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Khariri, Aqidah, Arya Ivan Mahendra, Maesarah, Nadhira Rahma Augustria, Rayhan Alma Shafannisa Heru, and Zulfa Zahra. "Prevention of Mental Health Disorder among Adolescents during The COVID-19 Pandemic." Jurnal Psikiatri Surabaya 11, no. 2 (November 22, 2022): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jps.v11i2.29688.

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Background: COVID-19 pandemic not only causes physical problems but also becomes a stressor and give problems to mental health that are commonly found in adolescence. Mental health disorders, such as anxiety and depression, can increase the risk of many physical health problems and reduce performance in work and social environment as well. Therefore, this literature review is aimed to discuss further and to broaden insight about the importance of mental health disorders and efforts to prevent mental health disorders among teenagers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Reviews: The COVID-19 pandemic has negative impacts in mental health. Depression and anxiety are the most common mental health condition in the general population that reported an increase until three times compared before the pandemic. Several studies about COVID-19 and anxiety showed that the younger population (especially young adults) tended to have more anxiety. The most distressing issue for teenagers in the pandemic is not being able to see their friends, being fear of their friends or family getting sick or dying from COVID-19. In addition, when compared to the older population, the younger population also uses social media more often that can cause anxiety due to information overload and misinformation. Summary: COVID-19 pandemic gives rise to various mental health problems among teenagers. Understanding the symptoms and prevention of mental health disorders such as health promotion and protection from specific mental illness are becoming the primary prevention of mental health problems

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Hannan, Anthony P., Ronald M. Rapee, and Jennifer L. Hudson. "The Prevention of Depression in Children: A Pilot Study." Behaviour Change 17, no. 2 (June 1, 2000): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.17.2.78.

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AbstractTwenty, fifth- and sixth-grade students who reported mild depressive symptomatology were placed into a brief intervention program. The program was conducted over eight, weekly, 90-minute sessions and aimed to teach students depression management strategies and positive coping skills. Significant reductions in symptoms of depression, anxiety and externalising behaviour were found and maintained for six months. The results lend support to the effectiveness of this brief program for early intervention in depression. The potential for the program to prevent the later development of clinical depression and related problems is discussed.

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Yapchulay-Alcabasa, Glena Fe A., and Mary Jane Botabara-Yap. "Effect of Holistic Approach Program on Mental Health among Adolescents of Barangay Dita, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna." Abstract Proceedings International Scholars Conference 6, no. 1 (October 29, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35974/isc.v6i1.1324.

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Latest studies have shown growing concerns on the adolescents’ mental health problems specifically depression, anxiety and stress. This study utilized one group pre-test post-test descriptive design that aims to determine the prevalence of mental health problems and to determine the effect of holistic approach program to adolescents at risk. Two-phase sampling technique was applied. Initial sampling was done to determine those who have mental health problems among the population. Using modified and translated DASS-21, result revealed an over-all prevalence of 89%. Second-phase sampling included the 32 adolescents with mental health problems and underwent holistic approach intervention program. The specific prevalence showed 93.75% for depression, 84.38% for anxiety and 75% for stress. The following causes of mental health problem addressed were heavy use of social media, lack of socialization and self-esteem, peer pressure, academic difficulties, unhealthy diet, lack of sleep, low spirituality, conflict with family and friends. After the 8-sessions of the intervention program, initial over-all prevalence (100%) decreased (56.25%); depression, anxiety, and stress decreased as well (9.34%, 50% and 18.75%). Prevalence of lack of self-esteem and socialization decreased (53.12% to 18.75%), praying time increased to 62.50%. Eating junkfoods decreased (100% to 46.87%) and lack of sleep decreased as well (75% to 15.62%). Peer pressure decreased (43.75% to 18.75%), conflicts with family and friends decreased from 65.62% to 12.5% and 62.50% to 25%, respectively. Academic difficulties were resolved (62.5% to 6.25%). Therefore, the holistic approach intervention program was seen to be an effective tool in addressing depression, anxiety and stress among the adolescents.

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Barrett, Paula M., Robi Sonderegger, and Noleen L. Sonderegger. "Evaluation of an Anxiety-prevention and Positive-coping Program (FRIENDS) for Children and Adolescents of Non-English-speaking Background." Behaviour Change 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2001): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.18.2.78.

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AbstractThis study aimed to (a) appraise the efficacy of a well validated Anglo-Australian anxiety-prevention and stress-resiliency program (FRIENDS) for use with culturally diverse migrant groups residing in Australia, (b) examine the social validity of FRIENDS, and (c) obtain information from both participants and facilitators regarding how the program can best be modified for specific use with non-English-speaking background (NESB) clients. To test the efficacy of the intervention, pre- and post-intervention evaluation of internalising symptoms and coping ability were compared with waiting-list control groups (matched according to ethnic group, gender, and school level). One hundred and six primary and ninety-eight high school students differentiated by cultural origin (former-Yugoslavian, Chinese, and mixed-ethnic) and school level (primary and high school), completed standardised measures of internalising symptoms and were allocated to either an intervention (n = 121) or a waiting-list (n = 83) condition. Both groups were readministered the assessment package for comparison following a 10-week treatment or waiting period. Consistent with a recent pilot study, pre/post-assessment indicated that participants in the intervention condition exhibited lower anxiety and a more positive future outlook than waiting-list participants. Participating students reported to be highly satisfied with the intervention. Despite the overall success of FRIENDS, the program may be enhanced by culturally sensitive supplements so that the program is more applicable for use with NESB participants. Suggestions for treatment program modifications of FRIENDS are discussed.

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Gallegos-Guajardo, Julia, Norma A. Ruvalcalba-Romero, Ania Chávez-Amavizca, and Paula Barrett. "Evaluation of the Fun FRIENDS program with a sample of Mexican children." Pensando Psicología 16, no. 1 (May 20, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/2382-3984.2020.01.03.

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Introduction: Anxiety symptoms in young children can have negative consequences such as the deterioration of family and interpersonal functioning, and may lead to the development of an anxiety disorder; therefore, the importance of prevention. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Fun FRIENDS program in the reduction of children’s anxiety symptoms and the promotion of emotional and behavioral competences as a protective factor in a sample of Mexican children. Methodology: The participants included 49 children from the first grade at elementary school along with their teachers. The program was implemented by teachers as twelve consecutive one-week sessions conducted in the classroom. The outcome was measured with a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. Measures included the Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS), for parents, Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale (BERS-2), for parents, and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), for parents and teachers. Results: Findings showed a decrease in the subscale of separation anxiety of the PAS, an increase in the interpersonal, intrapersonal and affective strengths subscales of the BERS-2, and an increase in prosocial behavior as measured by the SDQ. Conclusions: Results indicate promise for the effectiveness of the Fun FRIENDS program as an early intervention program based on the promotion of resilience for Mexican children.

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Johnson, Leslie C. M., Allissa Desloge, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Emily D. Williams, Pilvikki Absetz, Tilahun Haregu, Jeroen De Man, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, and Brian Oldenburg. "The relationship between common mental disorders and incident diabetes among participants in the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program (K-DPP)." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 23, 2021): e0255217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255217.

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This study aims to describe the prevalence of depression and anxiety among a population sample of people at high risk for type 2 diabetes in Kerala, India, and examine the relationship between depressive symptoms, anxiety, and incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) over a two-year period. We used data from the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program, a cluster-randomized controlled trial for diabetes prevention among 1007 high-risk individuals. The prevalence of depression and anxiety were estimated using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale, respectively. We calculated proportions for depression and anxiety and performed generalized estimating equations (GEE) to examine the relationship between baseline mental health status and incident T2DM. The prevalence of depression and anxiety at baseline were 7.5% and 5.5%, respectively. Compared with those reporting none/low symptoms, the odds ratio for incident diabetes was 1.07 (95% CI 0.54–2.12) for participants with moderate to severe depression and 0.73 (95% CI 0.23–2.28) for participants with moderate to severe anxiety, after adjusting for potential confounders. Our findings suggest that the prevalence of depression and anxiety were higher than those previously reported in the general population in India. However, among this sample of community-based adults at high risk of developing T2DM, the presence of moderate to severe depression and/or anxiety symptoms was not significantly associated with the risk of developing T2DM. Trial registration: Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12611000262909. Registered 10 March 2011.

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Barrett, Paula M., Alan F. Moore, and Robi Sonderegger. "The FRIENDS Program for Young Former-Yugoslavian Refugees in Australia: A Pilot Study." Behaviour Change 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2000): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.17.3.124.

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AbstractYoung immigrants frequently experience anxiety as a consequence of the stress associated with migration. Despite being at high risk for the development of psychopathology, culturally sensitive assessment and intervention procedures for use with ethnic minority groups residing in Australia have yet to be developed and validated. The aims of the current study were to (a) investigate the level of anxiety in a sample of former-Yugoslavian teenage refugees; (b) appraise the efficacy of the FRIENDS program, a validated Anglo-Australian anxiety-prevention program, for use with this high-risk group; and (c) obtain information from both the program participants and facilitators regarding how the intervention could be modified to better meet the needs of this growing refugee population in Australia. Twenty female former-Yugoslavian youths completed standardised measures of internalising symptoms. Participants were allocated to either an intervention (n = 9) or a waiting list (n = 11) condition. In spite of the small sample size, post-assessment indicated that participants in the intervention condition reported significantly less internalising symptoms than participants in the waiting list condition. Social validity data indicated that, overall, participants were highly satisfied with the intervention. Suggestions for assessment and treatment program modifications are discussed.

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García-Escalera, Julia, Rosa M. Valiente, Bonifacio Sandín, Jill Ehrenreich-May, and Paloma Chorot. "Educational and wellbeing outcomes of an anxiety and depression prevention program for adolescents." Revista de Psicodidáctica (English ed.) 25, no. 2 (July 2020): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psicoe.2020.05.003.

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Chantaratin, Sasitorn, Kawita Trimetha, Peerawong Werarak, Keswadee Lapphra, Alan Maleesatharn, Supattra Rungmaitree, Orasri Wittawatmongkol, et al. "Depression and Anxiety in Youth and Young Adults Living with HIV: Frequency and Associated Factors in Thai Setting." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 21 (January 2022): 232595822211018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259582221101811.

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Integrative mental health care in HIV patients is an important contributor to successful therapy. This is a cross-sectional study in youth and young adults who attend routine HIV clinic at a tertiary care centre in Bangkok. We recruited 100 youth and 130 young adults living with HIV to evaluate the frequency of depression and anxiety and associated sociodemographic including sexual orientation and health-related behaviours. Overall, about a fifth of the participants had significant depression or anxiety. Interestingly, we found different factors associated with depression in youth and young adults living with HIV. Loss of their father, loss of close relatives or friends, and being unemployed or school exclusion were the factors associate with depression in youth; while dangerous alcohol use, feeling discriminated against and having lipodystrophy were factors in young adults. The understanding of the frequency and different associated factors can inform more effective prevention and treatment strategies.

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Dozeman, Els, Harm W. J. van Marwijk, Digna J. F. van Schaik, Filip Smit, Max L. Stek, Henriëtte E. van der Horst, Ernst T. Bohlmeijer, and Aartjan T. F. Beekman. "Contradictory effects for prevention of depression and anxiety in residents in homes for the elderly: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial." International Psychogeriatrics 24, no. 8 (March 22, 2012): 1242–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610212000178.

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ABSTRACTBackground: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a stepped-care program to prevent the onset of depression and anxiety disorders in elderly people living in residential homes.Methods: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the intervention with usual care in 14 residential homes in the Netherlands. A total of 185 residents with a minimum score of 8 on the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, who did not meet the diagnostic criteria for a depressive or anxiety disorder, and were not suffering from severe cognitive impairment, were recruited between April 2007 and December 2008. They were randomized to a stepped-care program (N = 93) or to usual care (N = 92). The stepped-care participants sequentially underwent watchful waiting, a self-help intervention, life review, and a consultation with the general practitioner. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of a major depressive disorder (MDD) or anxiety disorder during a period of one year according to the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview.Results: The intervention was not effective in reducing the incidence of the combined outcome of depression and anxiety (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.50; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.23–1.12). However, the intervention was superior to usual care in reducing the risk of MDD incidence (IRR = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.12–0.80) contrary to anxiety incidence (IRR = 1.32; 95% CI = 0.48–3.62).Conclusions: These results suggest that the stepped-care program is effective in reducing the incidence of depression, but is not effective in preventing the onset of anxiety disorders in elderly people living in residential homes.

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Allan, Sharon, Bilge Uzun, and Cecilia A. Essau. "Impact of a transdiagnostic prevention protocol for targeting adolescent anxiety and depression." Psychologica 63, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-8606_63-2_3.

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The present study examined the benefit of a transdiagnostic prevention program, Super Skills for Life (SSL), among adolescents with internalizing and/or externalizing problems in two types of school settings (mainstream school and pupil referral unit) using a randomized waitlist-controlled trial (RCT). The main aims were to examine the effects of the SSL-A in reducing internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents, and to identify the moderating role of gender, age, and school type on the intervention outcome. The RCT involved 112 adolescents aged 11 to 14 years old, randomly allocated to either an SSL intervention group or a waitlist-control group (WLC). Adolescents in the intervention group participated immediately in the SSL-A, whereas adolescents in the WLC group received the intervention after the intervention group completed the 6 months follow-up assessment. Results showed that internalizing and externalizing problems were significantly reduced from pre-test to follow-up assessments. Gender, age and school setting moderated the intervention outcome. Specifically, males, younger adolescents and adolescents from mainstream schools showed a significant reduction over time on both internalizing and externalizing problems. This study provides evidence for the benefits of a transdiagnostic prevention program for internalizing and externalizing problems in two types of school settings.

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Stallard, Paul, Elena Skryabina, Gordon Taylor, Rob Anderson, Obioha C. Ukoumunne, Harry Daniels, Rhiannon Phillips, and Neil Simpson. "A cluster randomised controlled trial comparing the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a school-based cognitive–behavioural therapy programme (FRIENDS) in the reduction of anxiety and improvement in mood in children aged 9/10 years." Public Health Research 3, no. 14 (November 2015): 1–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/phr03140.

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BackgroundAnxiety in children is common, impairs everyday functioning and increases the risk of severe mental health disorders in adulthood, yet few children with anxiety are identified and referred for treatment.ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a universal school-based preventative programme (FRIENDS) in reducing symptoms of anxiety and low mood.DesignCluster randomised controlled trial. Schools (n = 41) were randomly assigned after recruitment on a 1 : 1 : 1 basis to health-led FRIENDS, school-led FRIENDS and usual school provision.SettingPrimary schools in three local education authorities in the south-west of England.ParticipantsChildren (n = 1362) aged 9–10 years attending school and participating in personal, social and health education (PSHE).InterventionsThe FRIENDS programme is a cognitive–behavioural therapy programme that develops skills to counter the cognitive, emotional and behavioural aspects of anxiety. The FRIENDS programme was led by either a trained member of the school or a health leader external to the school and was delivered over 9 consecutive weeks. The comparison group received usual school PSHE lessons. Interventions were delivered in the academic year September 2011–July 2012.Main outcome measuresClinical effectiveness assessed by child report of symptoms of anxiety (Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale, RCADS); cost-effectiveness based on RCADS and quality-adjusted life-years (Child Health Utility 9 Dimensions, CHU-9D) between baseline and 6 months; process evaluation, evaluation of reach and attrition and qualitative feedback from children, school staff and parents.ResultsAt 12 months there was a difference in the adjusted mean RCADS scores for health-led FRIENDS compared with school-led FRIENDS [–3.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) –6.48 to –1.35] and for health-led FRIENDS compared with usual school provision (–2.66, 95% CI –5.22 to –0.09). At 24 months we were able to assess only 43.6% of our cohort. There were few differences in baseline characteristics between completers and non-completers. Child-reported anxiety in all three groups had reduced by 24 months and there were no longer any group effects. There were no between-group effects for any parent- or child-completed secondary outcomes at 12 or 24 months. The cost of the FRIENDS programme was £52–56 per child. We found no evidence that the FRIENDS programme was cost-effective over a 6-month period; however, our subgroup for the economic analysis differed significantly from our main trial cohort.ConclusionsAlthough greater reductions in anxiety were noted at 12 months when the FRIENDS programme was delivered by health leaders, these additional benefits were not maintained at 24 months. Children’s anxiety levels improved irrespective of the intervention that they received. Our economic evaluation and 24-month assessment had significant shortcomings. However, the universal delivery of specific anxiety prevention programmes will result in additional costs that may be beyond the finances available to most schools. Future work should identify the active ingredients and potential moderators of universal anxiety programmes to determine whether programme length can be reduced, short-term effectiveness maintained and cost-effectiveness improved. At present, our results find limited evidence to support the universal provision of specific anxiety prevention programmes in UK primary schools.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN23563048.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme.

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Barrett, Paula M. "Interventions for child and youth anxiety disorders: Involving parents, teachers, and peers." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 16, no. 1 (May 1999): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0816512200050045.

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Abstract Child and youth anxiety are the most common problem experienced during the school years. We know that we can effectively treat and prevent childhood anxiety by using individual, group, and community-based interventions that involve parents, peers, and educators. Recent research has shown that children who experience anxiety often develop depression in adolescence. Therefore, it is important to disseminate anxiety Intervention strategies both for the prevention of anxiety and, in the longer term, of depression Problems. Australia is a leading country in the development, evaluation, and Implementation ofsuch strategies. This paper describes, in detail, a community-based Intervention program.

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Kozina, Ana. "School‐based prevention of anxiety using the “ My FRIENDS ” emotional resilience program: Six‐month follow‐up." International Journal of Psychology 55, S1 (December 4, 2018): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12553.

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Syros, Ioannis, Aggeliki Karantzali, and Xenia Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous. "Innovative Strategies and Challenges for the Prevention of Pathological Anxiety in Children and Adolescents." OBM Neurobiology 05, no. 03 (December 16, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2103106.

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The effects of pathological anxiety on public health have led to the realization that anxious children might experience significant limitations in their lives. Evidence-based cognitive-behavioral (CB) interventions are now being implemented in schools at a group level to combat anxiety.Childhood emotional health should be considered a national and global priority for an effective strategy promoting the prevention of mental health. The aim of this study is the description of novel data on the effectiveness of preventive interventions for anxious children, as well as the study of selective parameters that appear to affect treatment outcome.Furthermore, a brief review is cited regarding two empirically supported interventions, which include the Friends and Pyramid Club program and the Super Skills for Life program. Schools are considered suitable places for all types of prevention programs; they provide a familiar environment to a child, and by providing access to the prevention programs to many children, school programs could be the ideal way for anxious young individuals to practice and generalize their skills. Schools also offer an ideal space for collaboration between teachers and mental health professionals. Most programs have been effective in reducing anxiety, especially those based on the principles of CB, where the effects appear to be independent of the professional status of the leader (trained teacher or mental health professional). Friends and Pyramid Club interventions are well-established, multifaceted, and cost-effective programs, which include combinations of techniques (mostly behavioral activation, cognitive preparation, teaching social skills, and relaxation techniques). Super Skills for Life is a promising program, which also uses video feedback as a part of treatment. Prevention programs have been established as a vital part of the treatment options for specialists. Research related to childhood anxiety is increasing, while the perspectives for finding novel data seem promising for the upcoming years.In this context, several studies reveal the need for early, selective, intensive, persistent, multifaceted, and participatory interventions.

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Martinsen, Kristin D., Lene Mari P. Rasmussen, Tore Wentzel-Larsen, Solveig Holen, Anne Mari Sund, Mona Elisabeth S. Løvaas, Joshua Patras, Philip C. Kendall, Trine Waaktaar, and Simon-Peter Neumer. "Prevention of anxiety and depression in school children: Effectiveness of the transdiagnostic EMOTION program." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 87, no. 2 (February 2019): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000360.

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Scaini, Simona, Federica Rossi, Ronald M. Rapee, Francesca Bonomi, Giovanni M. Ruggiero, and Alessia Incerti. "The Cool Kids as a School-Based Universal Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Anxiety: Results of a Pilot Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2 (January 14, 2022): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020941.

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The efficacy of the Cool Kids program has been consistently demonstrated both within Australia and internationally, but limited data are available on the use of Cool Kids as a universal program. The purpose of the study is to evaluate Cool Kids as a universal program for preventing childhood anxiety in the school context. There were 73 Italian children (35 boys and 36 girls, ages 10–13 years) attending the last year of primary school and the first year of middle school who participated in an active intervention based on a school adaptation of the Cool Kids protocol. Results of t-test analyses highlighted a downward trend of anxiety symptoms, especially in total anxiety, somatic anxiety, generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, social anxiety and school phobia at post-treatment assessed by children. Even the score of depression symptoms, measured as a second outcome measure, decreased after the treatment. This study contributes to the evidence base for the Cool Kids program as a universal program for preventing childhood anxiety in the school context. Although these preliminary results show some promise, their replication in future research is necessary given current study limitations.

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Krijnen-de Bruin, Esther, Jasmijn A. Geerlings, Anna DT Muntingh, Willemijn D. Scholten, Otto R. Maarsingh, Annemieke van Straten, Neeltje M. Batelaan, and Berno van Meijel. "Evaluation of a Blended Relapse Prevention Program for Anxiety and Depression in General Practice: Qualitative Study." JMIR Formative Research 5, no. 2 (February 16, 2021): e23200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/23200.

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Background Existing studies have yet to investigate the perspectives of patients and professionals concerning relapse prevention programs for patients with remitted anxiety or depressive disorders in primary care. User opinions should be considered when optimizing the use and implementation of interventions. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the GET READY relapse prevention programs for patients with remitted anxiety or depressive disorders in general practice. Methods Semistructured interviews (N=26) and focus group interviews (N=2) with patients and mental health professionals (MHPs) in the Netherlands were performed. Patients with remitted anxiety or depressive disorders and their MHPs who participated in the GET READY study were interviewed individually. Findings from the interviews were tested in focus group interviews with patients and MHPs. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Participants were positive about the program because it created awareness of relapse risks. Lack of motivation, lack of recognizability, lack of support from the MHP, and symptom severity (too low or too high) appeared to be limiting factors in the use of the program. MHPs play a crucial role in motivating and supporting patients in relapse prevention. The perspectives of patients and MHPs were largely in accordance, although they had different perspectives concerning responsibilities for taking initiative. Conclusions The implementation of the GET READY program was challenging. Guidance from MHPs should be offered for relapse prevention programs based on eHealth. Both MHPs and patients should align their expectations concerning responsibilities in advance to ensure optimal usage. Usage of blended relapse prevention programs may be further enhanced by diagnosis-specific programs and easily accessible support from MHPs. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/s12888-019-2034-6

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Krijnen-de Bruin, Esther, Anna DT Muntingh, Evelien M. Bourguignon, Adriaan Hoogendoorn, Otto R. Maarsingh, Anton JLM van Balkom, Neeltje M. Batelaan, Annemieke van Straten, and Berno van Meijel. "Usage Intensity of a Relapse Prevention Program and Its Relation to Symptom Severity in Remitted Patients With Anxiety and Depression: Pre-Post Study." JMIR Mental Health 9, no. 3 (March 16, 2022): e25441. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/25441.

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Background Given that relapse is common in patients in remission from anxiety and depressive disorders, relapse prevention is needed in the maintenance phase. Although existing psychological relapse prevention interventions have proven to be effective, they are not explicitly based on patients’ preferences. Hence, we developed a blended relapse prevention program based on patients’ preferences, which was delivered in primary care practices by mental health professionals (MHPs). This program comprises contact with MHPs, completion of core and optional online modules (including a relapse prevention plan), and keeping a mood and anxiety diary in which patients can monitor their symptoms. Objective The aims of this study were to provide insight into (1) usage intensity of the program (over time), (2) the course of symptoms during the 9 months of the study, and (3) the association between usage intensity and the course of symptoms. Methods The Guided E-healTh for RElapse prevention in Anxiety and Depression (GET READY) program was guided by 54 MHPs working in primary care practices. Patients in remission from anxiety and depressive disorders were included. Demographic and clinical characteristics, including anxiety and depressive symptoms, were collected via questionnaires at baseline and after 3, 6, and 9 months. Log data were collected to assess the usage intensity of the program. Results A total of 113 patients participated in the study. Twenty-seven patients (23.9%) met the criteria for the minimal usage intensity measure. The core modules were used by ≥70% of the patients, while the optional modules were used by <40% of the patients. Usage decreased quickly over time. Anxiety and depressive symptoms remained stable across the total sample; a minority of 15% (12/79) of patients experienced a relapse in their anxiety symptoms, while 10% (8/79) experienced a relapse in their depressive symptoms. Generalized estimating equations analysis indicated a significant association between more frequent face-to-face contact with the MHPs and an increase in both anxiety symptoms (β=.84, 95% CI .39-1.29) and depressive symptoms (β=1.12, 95% CI 0.45-1.79). Diary entries and the number of completed modules were not significantly associated with the course of symptoms. Conclusions Although the core modules of the GET READY program were used by most of the patients and all patients saw an MHP at least once, usage decreased quickly over time. Most patients remained stable while participating in the study. The significant association between the frequency of contact and the course of symptoms most likely indicates that those who received more support had more symptoms, and thus, it is questionable whether the support offered by the program was sufficient to prevent these patients from relapsing. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/s12888-019-2034-6

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Rose, Heather, Lynn Miller, and Yvonne Martinez. ""FRIENDS for Life": The Results of a Resilience-Building, Anxiety-Prevention Program in a Canadian Elementary School." Professional School Counseling 12, no. 6 (August 2009): 400–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5330/psc.n.2010-12.400.

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Barrett, Paula M., Marita Cooper, Paul Stallard, Larissa Zeggio, and Julia Gallegos-Guajardo. "Effective Evaluation of the FRIENDS Anxiety Prevention Program in School Settings: A Response to Maggin and Johnson." Education and Treatment of Children 40, no. 1 (2017): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/etc.2017.0006.

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Pattison, Clare, and Robert M. Lynd-Stevenson. "The Prevention of Depressive Symptoms in Children: The Immediate and Long-term Outcomes of a School-based Program." Behaviour Change 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2001): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.18.2.92.

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AbstractThe ability of a school-based program with training in both cognitive and social skills to prevent depressive symptoms in children (the Penn Prevention Program) was evaluated. Research conducted in Australia has failed to replicate the success of the program in the United States. Also evaluated was the ability of the program to reduce the symptoms of anxiety, the assumption that changes in social skills and cognitive style would be associated with changes in symptoms of depression and anxiety, and the relative merits of the cognitive and social components of the program. Sixty-three children in fifth and sixth grades were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. There was no evidence that the Penn Prevention Program had any impact on the variables measured at the end of the program or at the 8-month follow-up assessment. Limitations and implications of the present findings are discussed.

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Camoni, Laura, Fiorino Mirabella, Antonella Gigantesco, Sonia Brescianini, Maurizio Ferri, Gabriella Palumbo, and Gemma Calamandrei. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women’s Perinatal Mental Health: Preliminary Data on the Risk of Perinatal Depression/Anxiety from a National Survey in Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 10, 2022): 14822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214822.

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Increasing evidence suggests that during the COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety and depression during the perinatal period increased. The aim of the study is to estimate the prevalence of risk for both maternal depression and anxiety among women attending 18 healthcare centres in Italy during the SARS-COV-2 pandemic and to investigate the psychosocial risks and protective factors associated. It was divided into a retrospective phase (2019, 2020, and the first nine months of 2021) and a prospective phase (which began in November 2021 and it is still ongoing), which screened 12,479 and 2349 women, respectively, for a total of 14,828 women in the perinatal period. To evaluate the risk of anxiety and depression, the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and an ad hoc form were used to collect sociodemographic variables. In the prospective study, the average age of the women is 31 (range 18–52) years. Results showed that the percentage of women who had EPDS score ≥9 increased from 11.6% in 2019 to 25.5% in the period ranging from November 2021 to April 2022. In logistic regression models, the variables associated with the risk of depression at a level ≤0.01 include having economic problems (OR 2.16) and not being able to rely on support from relatives or friends (OR 2.36). Having the professional status of the housewife is a lower risk (OR 0.52). Those associated with the risk of anxiety include being Italian (OR 2.97), having an education below secondary school level (OR 0.47), having some or many economic problems (OR 2.87), being unable to rely on support from relatives or friends (OR 2.48), and not having attended an antenatal course (OR 1.41). The data from this survey could be useful to determine the impact of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic on women and to establish a screening program with common and uniformly applied criteria which are consistent with national and international women’s mental health programs.

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Wu, Jania J. Y., Nurulhuda Ahmad, Miny Samuel, Susan Logan, and Citra N. Z. Mattar. "The Influence of Web-Based Tools on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Pregnant Adolescents or Adolescent Mothers: Mixed Methods Systematic Review." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 8 (August 26, 2021): e26786. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26786.

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Background Pregnant adolescent women increasingly seek support during pregnancy and the puerperium through digital platforms instead of the traditional support system of family, friends, and the community. However, it is uncertain whether digital, web-based tools are reliable and effective in providing information to the user on a variety of topics such as fetal development, pregnancy outcomes, delivery, and breastfeeding to improve maternal and infant outcomes. Objective We aimed to identify web-based tools designed to promote knowledge, attitudes, and skills of pregnant adolescents or adolescent mothers and determine the efficacy of such web-based tools compared with conventional resources in promoting good pregnancy and infant outcomes. Methods A systematic search was conducted using Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycINFO for articles published from January 2004 to November 2020 to identify randomized trials and observational studies that evaluated digital, web-based platforms to deliver resources to pregnant adolescents. All articles written in the author’s languages were included. Two authors independently reviewed abstracts and full-text articles for inclusion and assessed study quality. Risk of bias in each study was assessed using appropriate tools recommended by PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) and the Joanna Briggs Institute. We adopted a qualitative synthesis and presented the results in a narrative format due to the heterogenous nature of the studies. Results Seven articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The majority of the studies were graded to be of low to moderate risk for bias. The research methodologies represented were varied, ranging from randomized (n=1) and nonrandomized controlled trials (n=1) and prospective cohort studies (n=1) to mixed methods studies (n=1) and longitudinal surveys (n=3). Four studies included active web-based interventions, and 3 described exposure to web-based tools, including the use of social media and/or other internet content. Web-based tools positively influenced treatment-seeking intentions (intervention 17.1%, control 11.5%, P=.003) and actual treatment-seeking behavior for depression among postpartum adolescents (intervention 14.1%, control 6.5%, P<.001). In contrast, readily available information on the internet may leave adolescents with increased anxiety. The critical difference lies in information curated by health care professionals specifically to address targeted concerns versus self-acquired data sourced from various websites. Conclusions Despite almost universal web use, few studies have used this platform for health promotion and disease prevention. Social media interventions or web-based tools have the potential to positively influence both maternal and infant outcomes in adolescent pregnancy, but there is a need for more well-conducted studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of these support programs. The vastness of the information available on the web limits the ability of health care professionals to monitor or control sources of information sought by patients. Thus, it is important to create professionally curated platforms to prevent or limit exposure to potentially misleading or harmful information on the internet while imparting useful knowledge to the user. Trial Registration PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020195854; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=195854

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Martinsen, Kristin D., Philip C. Kendall, Kevin Stark, and Simon-Peter Neumer. "Prevention of Anxiety and Depression in Children: Acceptability and Feasibility of the Transdiagnostic EMOTION Program." Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 23, no. 1 (February 2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2014.06.005.

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Islam, Md Saiful, Md Estiar Rahman, Mst Sabrina Moonajilin, and Jim van Os. "Prevalence of depression, anxiety and associated factors among school going adolescents in Bangladesh: Findings from a cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): e0247898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247898.

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Background Common mental disorders in early life represent a major concern as they become more complex and intense with transition into adolescence. Despite global recognition of the significance of adolescent mental health, it remains a neglected area in research and health policy in Bangladesh. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety among school going adolescents in Bangladesh. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 563 students aged 13–18 years at selected schools (secondary and higher secondary) in Dhaka City. After providing written informed consent, participants completed a survey examining socio-demographic variables, along with the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between variables under examination. Results The prevalence rates of moderate to severe levels of depression and anxiety were 26.5% and 18.1%, respectively. Based on multivariable analyses, unsatisfactory sleep (AOR = 3.17; 95% CI = 1.81–5.53, p < .001), cigarette smoking (AOR = 2.00; 95% CI = 1.01–3.97, p = .048), and anxiety (AOR = 10.47; 95% CI = 6.11–17.95, p < .001) were associated with depression. Anxiety was associated with being 15–16 years (AOR = 2.66; 95% CI = 1.18–6.00, p = .018), not having good perceived relationships with friends (AOR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.24–3.56, p = .006) and depression (AOR = 10.22; 95% CI = 6.01–17.38, p < .001). Conclusions Depression and anxiety were prevalent among school going adolescents in Bangladesh. The findings suggest epidemiological data can direct policy-level decisions regarding evaluation, prevention, and intervention of mental health conditions among school going adolescents in Bangladesh.

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GOODWIN, RENEE D. "Anxiety disorders and the onset of depression among adults in the community." Psychological Medicine 32, no. 6 (August 2002): 1121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702005482.

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Objective. To determine the association between anxiety disorders, panic attack and the risk of major depression among adults in the community.Method. Data were drawn from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program survey waves 1 (N = 20291) and 2 (N = 15849). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk of incident major depression at 12-month follow-up (wave 2) associated with each anxiety disorder and panic attacks assessed at wave 1, adjusting for differences in sociodemographic characteristics, and then controlling simultaneously for all anxiety disorders, and other psychiatric co-morbidity.Results. Specific phobia (OR = 1.7 (1.6, 1.8)), agoraphobia (OR = 2.3 (2.2, 2.5)), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OR = 5.4 (5.0, 5.8)) and panic attack (OR = 1.9 (1.8, 2.1)) each made an independent contribution to the risk of major depression, which persisted after adjusting simultaneously for sociodemographic differences and other psychiatric co-morbidity. Conclusions. Each anxiety disorder and panic attacks appear to confer an independent risk for the onset of major depression within 12-months among adults in the community. Understanding the key role played by anxiety in depression onset is needed for prevention strategies.

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Rooney, Rosanna, Clare Roberts, Robert Kane, Lisbeth Pike, Amber Winsor, Julia White, and Annette Brown. "The Prevention of Depression in 8- to 9-Year-Old Children: A Pilot Study." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 16, no. 1 (July 1, 2006): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.16.1.76.

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AbstractThe outcomes of a new universal program aimed at preventing depressive symptoms and disorders in 8- to 9-year-old children are presented. The Positive Thinking Program is a mental health promotion program based on cognitive and behavioural strategies. It is designed to meet the developmental needs of children in the middle primary school Years 4 and 5. Four state primary schools were randomly assigned to receive the program implemented by psychologists or to a control condition involving their regular Health Education curriculum. Seventy-two children participated in the intervention condition and 48 children in the control condition. Children completed measures of depressive and anxiety symptomatology, depressive disorders, and attribution style. The intervention was associated with reductions in depressive symptoms and more positive attributions at post-intervention. Compared to the control group, there was a lower prevalence of depressive disorders at posttest and fewer intervention group children developed a depressive disorder at a 9-month follow-up.

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Hains, Anthony A., and Steven W. Ellmann. "Stress Inoculation Training as a Preventative Intervention for High School Youths." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 8, no. 3 (January 1994): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.8.3.219.

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This study examined the effectiveness of a school-based prevention intervention to reduce the incidence of negative emotional arousal and other psychological problems in adolescents in response to stress. The prevention program was modeled after a stress inoculation training program and included a variety of cognitive behavioral interventions (i.e., cognitive restructuring, problem solving, anxiety management training). Reductions on anxiety, depression, and anger self-report scales were noted after training, especially in youths who were classified as being high in emotional arousal, and these gains were maintained at follow-up. The waiting list control group showed similar improvements after they received training. Improvements in grade point average, school attendance, physical health problems, and self-reports of total, daily, and major negative stress events were not found, except for some within-group improvements at follow-up.

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Karahan, Ali Yavuz, Sami Kucuksen, Halim Yilmaz, Ali Salli, Tayfun Gungor, and Muhammed Sahin. "EFFECTS OF REHABILITATION SERVICES ON ANXIETY, DEPRESSION, CARE-GIVING BURDEN AND PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT OF STROKE CAREGIVERS." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 57, no. 2 (2014): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2014.42.

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Background: Few data are available on the specific care giving-related problems of stroke patient’s caregivers and factors that influence the burden of these caregivers. Aim: To study the influences of the active rehabilitation process on anxiety, depression, care burden and perceived social support level of stroke patients caregivers. Design: A prospective clinical trial. Setting: Patients and caregivers entering a rehabilitation program at a university hospital in Turkey. Populations: Ninety patients with a first episode of stroke and 90 caregivers responsible for their care were recruited for our study. Methods: Patients and caregivers were assessed before and after the active rehabilitation process. The functional disability level of the patients was assessed by Functional Independence Measure (FIM). The Beck Anxiety Scale (BAS) and the Beck Depression Scale (BDS) were used for anxiety and depression assessment, the Zarit Care Burden Scale (ZCBS) for care burden assessment and the Multi-Dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MDSPSS) for perceived social support assessment. Results: A statistically significant rise is observed in the special person sub-assessment of MDSPSS in both female and male caregivers. Also, a significant decrease in care burden, anxiety and depression levels of caregivers was noted after the rehabilitation program (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Caregivers accept the rehabilitation period as important social support in addition to the support provided by family and friends. Also, our positive results were associated with an improvement in the patients’ functional level and an increase in the acquisition of knowledge and skill required of caregivers in order to provide care during rehabilitation. Clinical Rehabilitation Impact: The rehabilitation team should be aware of the fact that the perceived care burden may be greater due to the lack of knowledge concerning available resources and due to the inability to cope with stress effectively.

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Oetting, E. R., and Fred Beauvais. "Common Elements in Youth Drug Abuse: Peer Clusters and other Psychosocial Factors." Journal of Drug Issues 17, no. 2 (April 1987): 133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268701700202.

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Psychosocial factors are the principle determinants of youth drug abuse. Among those factors, the most important direct influence on drug use is that of the peer cluster: “gangs,” best friends, or couples. Other psychosocial characteristics, however, set the stage for this involvement with drug-using peer clusters. Social characteristics that influence drug use in this way include the community, socioeconomic status, neighborhood environments, family, religion, and the school. Psychological characteristics tend to have only low correlations with drug use, but there is some influence on peer clusters from traits such as self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and introversion, particularly when these lead to anger. Implications for prevention and treatment are considered.

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Journal articles on the topic 'FRIENDS: Prevention of Anxiety and Depression Program'

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