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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Friction in biological systems

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Academic literature on the topic 'Friction in biological systems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Friction in biological systems"

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WIERZCHOLSKI, Krzysztof, and Andrzej MISZCZAK. "IMPACT OF ADHESION AND VISCOSITY FORCES ON FRICTION VARIATIONS IN BIO-TRIBOLOGICAL SYSTEMS." Tribologia 278, no. 2 (2018): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.6987.

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The classical theory of lubrication holds that the lubricant dynamic viscosity increments cause the increments of hydrodynamic pressure, as well as friction forces and wear. In the case of high values of hydrodynamic pressure, it very often has a significant impact on the friction coefficient. New achievements in the field of micro-and nano-tribology provide for new hypotheses on the decrements and increments of the friction coefficient in the case of the lubricant viscosity increments. Experimental investigations have shown that, even in the case of decrements of the friction coefficient with the lubricant viscosity increments, such decrements are very often lower than simultaneous hydrodynamic pressure increments which results in the friction force increments with the lubricant viscosity increments. In biological friction nods, we can observe a varied impact of the biological lubricant viscosity on the friction force and friction coefficient values. The abovementioned impact is caused by the adhesion and cohesion forces occurring between the biological fluid particles flowing around the phospholipid bilayer on the superficial layer of the cartilage with varied wettability and hydrogen ion concentration. The wettability (We) and power hydrogen ion concentration (pH) have a significant impact on the physiological fluid or biological lubricant viscosity variations and, as a result, on the friction forces and friction coefficient. This paper describes the abovementioned impact and the process of friction forces and friction coefficients variations in biological friction nods.

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Tramsen, Halvor T., Stanislav N. Gorb, Hao Zhang, Poramate Manoonpong, Zhendong Dai, and Lars Heepe. "Inversion of friction anisotropy in a bio-inspired asymmetrically structured surface." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 138 (2018): 20170629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0629.

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Friction anisotropy is an important property of many surfaces that usually facilitate the generation of motion in a preferred direction. Such surfaces are very common in biological systems and have been the templates for various bio-inspired materials with similar tribological properties. So far friction anisotropy is considered to be the result of an asymmetric arrangement of surface nano- and microstructures. However, here we show by using bio-inspired sawtooth-structured surfaces that the anisotropic friction properties are not only controlled by an asymmetric surface topography, but also by the ratio of the sample–substrate stiffness, the aspect ratio of surface structures, and by the substrate roughness. Systematically modifying these parameters, we were able to demonstrate a broad range of friction anisotropies, and for specific sample–substrate combinations even an inversion of the anisotropy. This result highlights the complex interrelation between the different material and topographical parameters on friction properties and sheds new light on the conventional design paradigm of tribological systems. Finally, this result is also of great importance for understanding functional principles of biological materials and surfaces, as such inversion of friction anisotropy may correlate with gait pattern and walking behaviour in climbing animals, which in turn may be used in robotic applications.

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Nosonovsky, Michael, and Bharat Bhushan. "Thermodynamics of surface degradation, self-organization and self-healing for biomimetic surfaces." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 367, no. 1893 (2009): 1607–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2009.0009.

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Friction is a dissipative irreversible process; therefore, entropy is produced during frictional contact. The rate of entropy production can serve as a measure of degradation (e.g. wear). However, in many cases friction leads to self-organization at the surface. This is because the excess entropy is either driven away from the surface, or it is released at the nanoscale, while the mesoscale entropy decreases. As a result, the orderliness at the surface grows. Self-organization leads to surface secondary structures either due to the mutual adjustment of the contacting surfaces (e.g. by wear) or due to the formation of regular deformation patterns, such as friction-induced slip waves caused by dynamic instabilities. The effect has practical applications, since self-organization is usually beneficial because it leads to friction and wear reduction (minimum entropy production rate at the self-organized state). Self-organization is common in biological systems, including self-healing and self-cleaning surfaces. Therefore, designing a successful biomimetic surface requires an understanding of the thermodynamics of frictional self-organization. We suggest a multiscale decomposition of entropy and formulate a thermodynamic framework for irreversible degradation and for self-organization during friction. The criteria for self-organization due to dynamic instabilities are discussed, as well as the principles of biomimetic self-cleaning, self-lubricating and self-repairing surfaces by encapsulation and micro/nanopatterning.

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Sekhar, JA. "Tunable coefficient of friction with surface texturing in materials engineering and biological systems." Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering 19 (March 2018): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coche.2017.12.002.

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Qian, Shanhua, Liguo Liu, Zifeng Ni, and Yong Luo. "Experimental investigation of the dynamic properties of natural cartilage under reciprocating sliding at two typical rubbing pairs." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 233, no. 9 (2019): 1318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650119836815.

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Natural cartilage is a multiporous viscoelastic biological material with extremely high water content and a macroscopically curved surface. Due to the sampling frequency limitations of typical data systems, the dynamic properties of the contact of cartilage against other surfaces, including rubbing surface characteristics and coefficient of friction, is still not completely understood. In this study, cartilage samples were retrieved from 18- to 24-month-old bovine femora. Contact displacement and coefficient of friction of two typical rubbing pairs of for cartilage-on-glass and cartilage-on-cartilage were recorded using a UMT-2 testing rig using a high sampling frequency data system. A five-point sliding average method was adopted to analyze the experimental data. The results showed that contact displacement comprised cartilage deformation and nominal rubbing profile. Cartilage deformation increased nonlinearly with time while nominal rubbing profile was associated with the rubbing configuration and appeared to be a factor in the low surface sample configuration. Higher cartilage deformation resulted in more load being carried by the solid phase and coefficient of friction with the time as a whole, but the surface characteristics played a role in determining the coefficient of friction in the cartilage-on-cartilage configuration but a lesser role for cartilage-on-glass. Therefore, surface characteristics have a clear role in defining the dynamic properties of natural viscoelastic soft biological materials and these research results will help to evaluate in future the frictional properties of artificial cartilage biomaterials.

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Enders, S., N. Barbakadse, S. N. Gorb, and E. Arzt. "Exploring Biological Surfaces by Nanoindentation." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 3 (2004): 880–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.19.3.880.

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With the help of instrumented indentation, the mechanical behavior of a variety of biological systems was studied: the waxy zone of the pitcher plant (Nephenthes alata) adapted for attachment prevention, the head-to-thorax articulation system of a beetle (Pachnoda marginata) as an example of friction minimization, and the wing arresting system of the dung beetle (Geotrupes stercorarius) adapted for mechanical interlocking. We demonstrate that nanoindentation can successfully be applied to compliant and highly structured biological composite materials. Measuring the mechanical performance of these surfaces can provide important information for understanding the overall functioning of these systems. Tests on fresh and dried samples show the influence of desiccation on the results and point out the importance of native conditions during the measurements. However, these preliminary results also point to current limits of the test method and the need for adapting it and current theories to meet the specific requirements of biological materials.

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Reddy, J. Mohan, and Horacio Apolayo. "Friction Correction Factor For Center‐Pivot Irrigation Systems." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 114, no. 1 (1988): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1988)114:1(183).

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Shivalinga, BM, H. Jyothikiran, Sachin Bansal, and Azeem Farhan. "A Comparison of Frictional Resistance between Active and Passive Self-ligating Brackets with Conventional Bracket Systems." World Journal of Dentistry 2, no. 4 (2011): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1102.

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ABSTRACT Friction, though, is an inseparable and undeniable orthodontic entity that should be minimized, if not eliminated, for obtaining an optimal biological tissue response. Aim The present study compared the frictional resistance of active (time- 2, In-Ovation R) and passive (Damon SL-2, Smart clip) self-ligating brackets with conventional titanium, fiberglass and ceramic brackets under dry and wet conditions with artificial saliva using universal testing machine. Methods Modified Tidy's jig was constructed to simulate clinical situation. A total of 200 samples were tested. Specimens were divided into two categories which were run under dry and wet conditions, using artificial saliva. Around 10 samples of each active and passive selfligating brackets were dry run and 10 others were used in wet conditions. Around 10 samples of each ceramic, titanium and fiberglass brackets were run using elastomeric ties in both dry and wet conditions and 10 each of them using stainless steel ligatures under dry and wet conditions. Results The study revealed that the least frictional resistance was demonstrated by the brackets in the following order, i.e. passive selfligating brackets, active self-ligating brackets, titanium, fiberglass and ceramic brackets in both dry and wet conditions. Conclusion The self-ligating brackets seem to be promising in quenching the thirst of orthodontist to have a bracket that is functionally efficient with reduced friction, esthetically pleasing, reduced treatment and chairside time, combined with better oral hygiene maintenance and patient comfort because of absence of ligation.

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van den Boogaart, Luc M., Julian K. A. Langowski, and Guillermo J. Amador. "Studying Stickiness: Methods, Trade-Offs, and Perspectives in Measuring Reversible Biological Adhesion and Friction." Biomimetics 7, no. 3 (2022): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7030134.

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Controlled, reversible attachment is widely spread throughout the animal kingdom: from ticks to tree frogs, whose weights span from 2 mg to 200 g, and from geckos to mosquitoes, who stick under vastly different situations, such as quickly climbing trees and stealthily landing on human hosts. A fascinating and complex interplay of adhesive and frictional forces forms the foundation of attachment of these highly diverse systems to various substrates. In this review, we present an overview of the techniques used to quantify the adhesion and friction of terrestrial animals, with the aim of informing future studies on the fundamentals of bioadhesion, and motivating the development and adoption of new or alternative measurement techniques. We classify existing methods with respect to the forces they measure, including magnitude and source, i.e., generated by the whole body, single limbs, or by sub-structures. Additionally, we compare their versatility, specifically what parameters can be measured, controlled, and varied. This approach reveals critical trade-offs of bioadhesion measurement techniques. Beyond stimulating future studies on evolutionary and physicochemical aspects of bioadhesion, understanding the fundamentals of biological attachment is key to the development of biomimetic technologies, from soft robotic grippers to gentle surgical tools.

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Aihara, Kazuyuki, and Hideyuki Suzuki. "Theory of hybrid dynamical systems and its applications to biological and medical systems." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 368, no. 1930 (2010): 4893–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0237.

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In this introductory article, we survey the contents of this Theme Issue. This Theme Issue deals with a fertile region of hybrid dynamical systems that are characterized by the coexistence of continuous and discrete dynamics. It is now well known that there exist many hybrid dynamical systems with discontinuities such as impact, switching, friction and sliding. The first aim of this Issue is to discuss recent developments in understanding nonlinear dynamics of hybrid dynamical systems in the two main theoretical fields of dynamical systems theory and control systems theory. A combined study of the hybrid systems dynamics in the two theoretical fields might contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of hybrid dynamical systems. In addition, mathematical modelling by hybrid dynamical systems is particularly important for understanding the nonlinear dynamics of biological and medical systems as they have many discontinuities such as threshold-triggered firing in neurons, on–off switching of gene expression by a transcription factor, division in cells and certain types of chronotherapy for prostate cancer. Hence, the second aim is to discuss recent applications of hybrid dynamical systems in biology and medicine. Thus, this Issue is not only general to serve as a survey of recent progress in hybrid systems theory but also specific to introduce interesting and stimulating applications of hybrid systems in biology and medicine. As the introduction to the topics in this Theme Issue, we provide a brief history of nonlinear dynamics and mathematical modelling, different mathematical models of hybrid dynamical systems, the relationship between dynamical systems theory and control systems theory, examples of complex behaviour in a simple neuron model and its variants, applications of hybrid dynamical systems in biology and medicine as a road map of articles in this Theme Issue and future directions of hybrid systems modelling.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Friction in biological systems"

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Ismail, Mohd. "Shock isolation systems incorporating Coulomb friction." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/348953/.

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This study investigates a novel approach to the problem of shock isolation. The questions considered are whether friction produces a better performance in terms of reduced response during a shock compared to viscous damping and a lower residual response after the shock. To gain physical insight, a single degree of freedom model with friction applied to the isolated mass is analysed. It serves as a benchmark to the performance of a two degree of freedom model where friction is applied to a secondary mass. The isolation system performance is then quantified. For the two degree of freedom system with an intermediate secondary spring which connects the primary and secondary mass, it is possible to obtain the reduction in the displacement response as good as the single degree of freedom system and at the same time smoother acceleration response compared to the single degree of freedom system. For the purpose of further improvement, a control strategy is introduced to switch on and off friction in both models depending on some response parameters and this is compared to the passive systems. This is the semi active control strategy where friction is changed within a cycle of vibration (discontinuous). The control strategy provides more displacement reduction to ensure the maximum displacement response is much smaller than the base input which cannot be obtained with the passive systems. The practical implementation and experimental validation is presented only for the first stage of the response during the shock. For the practical implementation of the switchable friction, an electromagnet is applied to separate the friction surfaces. Good agreement with the simple theoretical models for both passive and switchable systems is obtained. The reduced displacement and smooth acceleration response were obtained from the experiments with the system used to represent the two degree of freedom model. The issues and limitations in the practical implementation are identified and discussed.

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Lawrence, Jason William. "Improving motion of systems with coulomb friction." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16012.

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Altamirano, Gregory L. "Friction Response Approximation Method for Nonlinear Systems." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu158584450899486.

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Hagler, Lisle Bruce. "Friction induced vibration in disk brake systems /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7119.

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Fan, Peng. "Miniaturised biological diagnostic systems." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6856/.

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Perry, Carole Celia. "Silicification in biological systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ae665ac4-63eb-4963-845a-d2db6aea31a6.

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This thesis is concerned with the formation and structure of silicified deposits in biology. The major system studied is silicified macrohairs from the lemma of the grass Phalaris canariensis L. The macrohairs consist of silica and polysaccharides. Chemical and structural studies on the mineral phase utilised electron microscopy (transmission (TEM), scanning (SEM) and ultra high resolution (HRTEM)), energy disoersive X-ray analysis (EDXA), solid state nuclear magnetic resonance ( ᷣ⁹ Si nmr), infrared spectroscopy, birefringence and nitrogen adsorption experiments. Results showed that the silica is chemically 'pure', hydrated, amorphous at a resolution of 1OÅ and a variety of structural morphologies were observed which are related to the maturity of the macrohair. Analytical studies at different times after emergence of the inflorescence utilising EDXA and scanning proton microprob eanalysis (SPM) showed that the inorganic elements Si, K, P, S and Cl are spatially organised within the macrohairs during silicification. It is proposed that the macrohairs are silicified under strict cellular control. The organic matrix in the mature macrohairs was investigated by acid hydrolysis and chromatography. The changing emphasis of polysaccharide synthesis in the macrohairs as mineralisation occurs was followed by in vivo radioactive labelling of inflorescences at different stages using ⁱ⁴C glucose and Harabinose. Analysis o fpolysaccharides synthesised involved acid hydrolysis and enzymic digestions (Amylase and Driselase), followed by paper and thin layer chromatography with scintillation counting of the products. Results showed that at the early stages of mineralisation, arabinoxylans and cellulose are the major polymers synthesised but as the macrohair matures, largely non-cellulosic glucans (as yet unidentified) are synthesised. It is proposed that the change in emphasis of polysaccharide synthesis during wall development is related to the size and ultrastructural arrangements of silica particles observed. The organic matrix was also observed to give additional order to the system, the resulting material being totally impervious. A second system, chosen for comparison, is mineralised teeth from the radula of the common limpet Patella vulgata. The mature teeth contain silica, iron oxide (goethite) and an organic matrix. Investigations on the silicified phase utilising electron microscopy revealed morphological structural variations. Analytical studies involving EDXA and SPM analysis showed that there are complex temporal and spatial variations in the inorganic composition (P, S, Ca, Fe, Si, Cu) in all regions of the teeth. It is proposed that these changes can be correlated with changes in composition of the organic matrix. A comparison is made of the silica from the two systems.

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Satam, Sayali S. "Optimization of Wet Friction Systems Based on Rheological, Adsorption, Lubricant and Friction Material Characterization." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1503358825451407.

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Baykara, Berkay. "Control Of Systems Under The Effect Of Friction." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611327/index.pdf.

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Precision control under the effect of friction requires an effective compensation of friction. Since friction has a complex and highly nonlinear behaviour, it is generally insufficient to represent the friction in a dynamic control system only with a linear viscous model, which is mostly valid in high-velocity motions. Especially when the control system moves near zero velocity regions or changes the direction of motion, an accurate modelling of friction including the lowvelocity dynamic behaviour is a prerequisite to obtain a more complete and realistic dynamic model of the system. Furthermore, the parameters of the friction model should be identified as accurate as possible in order to attain a satisfactory performance. Therefore, the parameters of the friction should be estimated regarding the working conditions. The estimated friction force can then be used to improve the controlled performance of the dynamic system under consideration. In this thesis, the modelling, identification and compensation of friction in a rotary mechanical system are studied. The effectiveness of the existing friction models in the literature are investigated<br>namely the classical Coulomb with viscous friction model, the Stribeck friction model, the LuGre friction model, and the Generalized Maxwell-Slip (GMS) friction model. All friction models are applied to the system together with the same linear, proportional with derivative (PD)-type and proportional with integral and derivative (PID)-type feedback control actions for the sake of being faithful in comparison. The accuracy of the friction compensation methods is examined separately for both the low-velocity and high-velocity motions of the system. The precision of friction estimation is also shown in the case of using both the desired velocity and measured velocity as an input to the friction models. These control studies are verified in simulation environment and the corresponding results are given. Furthermore, an experimental set-up is designed and manufactured as a case study. The parameters of the aforementioned friction models are identified and the control laws with different friction models are applied to the system in order to demonstrate the compensation capabilities of the models. The results of the experiments are evaluated by comparing them among each other and with the simulation results.

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Sepehri, Ali. "MULTI-SCALE DYNAMICS OF MECHANICAL SYSTEMS WITH FRICTION." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/205.

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Contact between rough surfaces occurs in numerous engineering systems and in many instances influences the macro behavior of the system. In many instances, the interaction between rough surfaces, affect the macro behavior of the system. Effective treatment of systems containing rough surface contact requires multiscale modeling and analysis approach. It is the goal of this research to develop simple methods for treating contact of rough surfaces so as to facilitate multiscale analysis of systems containing rough surface contact and friction. This dissertation considers a multi-scale approach that includes interaction at nano-scale, micron-scale and accounting for their cumulative effect as to what we normally perceive to be the influence of contact surfaces and friction. In linking each scale to a higher scale this study employs statistical means to obtain cumulative effect of smaller-scale features. A mixed interactive/optimization technique is used to derive, in approximate closed form, equations for the contact load and real area of contact dependence on approach and parameters of rough surfaces. The equations so derived relate the normal and tangential components of contact load to displacement and surface parameters for three types of contact. The nature of contact interaction that include elastic, elastic-plastic, visco-elastic, and visco-elasto-adhesive behavior are considered and equations relating the normal and tangential contact load to approach and relative sliding are obtained in approximate closed form. The approximate equations provide a tool for efficient calculation of contact force components, especially in surface optimization efforts where repetitive calculation of contact force components may be needed. The approximate equations also facilitate a multi-scale dynamic analysis wherein the effect of contact interaction can be readily included in a mechanical system model. Several dynamical problems involving mechanical systems with friction contact are presented and nonlinear dynamic analyses are employed to link the micron-scale properties of surface to the macro-scale properties of the mechanical system. These lead to, perhaps, the first derivation of contact frequency and damping in rough surface contact.

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Reichenbach, Tobias. "Dynamic patterns of biological systems." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-84101.

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Books on the topic "Friction in biological systems"

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Gorb, Stanislav. Adhesion and friction in biological systems. Springer, 2012.

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Sergienko, Vladimir P., and Sergey N. Bukharov. Noise and Vibration in Friction Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11334-0.

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Marten, Mark R., Tai Hyun Park, and Teruyuki Nagamune, eds. Biological Systems Engineering. American Chemical Society, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2002-0830.

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Haefner, James W. Modeling Biological Systems. Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4119-6.

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Fomina, Irina R., Karl Y. Biel, and Vladislav G. Soukhovolsky, eds. Complex Biological Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119510390.

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von Byern, Janek, and Ingo Grunwald, eds. Biological Adhesive Systems. Springer Vienna, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0286-2.

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Haefner, James W. Modeling Biological Systems. Springer US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b106568.

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Channa, Reddy C., Hamilton Gordon A, Madyastha K. M, National Science Foundation (U.S.), and Symposium on Biological Oxidation Systems (1989 : Bangalore, India), eds. Biological oxidation systems. Academic Press, 1990.

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Braiman, Y., J. M. Drake, F. Family, and J. Klafter, eds. Dynamics and Friction in Submicrometer Confining Systems. American Chemical Society, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2004-0882.

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Anh, Le xuan. Dynamics of Mechanical Systems with Coulomb Friction. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36516-7.

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Book chapters on the topic "Friction in biological systems"

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Filippov, Alexander E., and Stanislav N. Gorb. "Anisotropic Friction in Biological Systems." In Biologically-Inspired Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41528-0_5.

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Scherge, Matthias, and Stanislav S. Gorb. "Biological Frictional and Adhesive Systems." In Biological Micro- and Nanotribology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04431-5_3.

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Smolin, Alexey Yu, Galina M. Eremina, and Evgeny V. Shilko. "A Tool for Studying the Mechanical Behavior of the Bone–Endoprosthesis System Based on Multi-scale Simulation." In Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60124-9_5.

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AbstractThe chapter presents recent advances in developing numerical models for multiscale simulation of the femur–endoprosthesis system for the case of hip resurfacing arthroplasty. The models are based on the movable cellular automaton method, which is a representative of the discrete element approach in solid mechanics and allows correctly simulating mechanical behavior of a variety of elastoplastic materials including fracture and mass mixing. At the lowest scale, the model describes sliding friction between two rough surfaces of TiN coatings, which correspond to different parts of the friction pair of hip resurfacing endoprosthesis. At this scale, such parameters of the contacting surfaces as the thickness, roughness, and mechanical properties are considered explicitly. The next scale of the model corresponds to a resurfacing cap for the femur head rotating in the artificial acetabulum insert. Here, sliding friction is explicitly computed based on the effective coefficient of friction obtained at the previous scale. At the macroscale, the proximal part of the femur with a resurfacing cap is simulated at different loads. The bone is considered as a composite consisting of outer cortical and inner cancellous tissues, which are simulated within two approaches: the first implies their linear elastic behavior, the second considers these tissues as Boit’s poroelastic bodies. The later allows revealing the role of the interstitial biological fluid in the mechanical behavior of the bone. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, the plan for future works is proposed.

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Tokita, Masayuki. "Gel-Solvent Friction." In Rheology of Biological Soft Matter. Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56080-7_3.

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Scherge, Matthias, and Stanislav S. Gorb. "Case Study II: Friction." In Biological Micro- and Nanotribology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04431-5_10.

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Persson, Bo N. J. "Novel Sliding Systems." In Sliding Friction. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04283-0_14.

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Persson, Bo N. J. "Novel Sliding Systems." In Sliding Friction. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03646-4_14.

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Bastien, Jérôme, Frédéric Bernardin, Claude-Henri Lamarque, and Noël Challamel. "Systems with Friction." In Non-smooth Deterministic or Stochastic Discrete Dynamical Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118604045.ch5.

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Ludema, Kenneth C., and Oyelayo O. Ajayi. "Example of Tribological Systems." In Friction, Wear, Lubrication. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429444715-15.

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Popov, Valentin L. "Lubricated Systems." In Contact Mechanics and Friction. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10803-7_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Friction in biological systems"

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Cui, Shuai, and Wei Tech Ang. "Robotic Micromanipulation of Biological Cells with Friction Force-Based Rotation Control." In 2020 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros45743.2020.9341704.

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Le Houérou, Vincent, Fabrice Morestin, Christian Gauthier, and Marie-Christine Baietto. "Friction of Rough Soft Matter Contacts: Local Investigations Through Image Correlation Technique." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20204.

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The friction induced in contacts is a key feature concerning functionality of mechanisms, reliability of systems, energy consumption… Friction on soft matter occurs in many applications (tire/road contacts, touch-sensitive exploration, micro-manipulation of biological items…) as well as in nature. The latter offers various examples of how a topographic surface pattern may control friction. The result is a complex combination of phenomena: adhesion, elastic ratio of bodies in contact, viscous flow, plasticity occurrence, and topography interaction. The role of this latter phenomenon essentially lies in the splitting of the contact area between the two contacting materials and plays an important role on friction response when coupled with adhesion.

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Veeregowda, Deepak H., Jagdish P. Sharma, Ronald A. Wagstaff, and Qian J. Wang. "Tribo-Diagnostics of Nanoparticle Coated Smart Surface Using Phase Fluctuation Based Processor." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44390.

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Smart material surfaces/interfaces are playing important role in making hybrid nano particulate coated sensors and smart composite structures for applications in space, defense, infrastructure and biological system. The reliability and performance of these coatings on the smart surface depends upon the stability and life of their nano/micro-structures and interface properties. Atomic Force Microscopy is used extensively to study friction, wear and surface forces. In this paper a tool has been developed to have an insight of signals associated with friction and tribo-acoustics. This research aims to develop a combination of tools using High Speed Data Capture tools used in conjunction with the AFM to collect the frictional signal at the frequency of 500 kHz for 500 ms and phase fluctuation processor for study of friction signal. Friction signal from the AFM has poor information on the interfacial material properties like the stick-slip, plastic deformation of the contact surface. Clearer, information can be attained using the phase fluctuation based processor. This method provides friction signal and generation of the tribo-acoustics due to surface plastic deformation with excellent signal to noise ratio.

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Segal, David, and Leonid Kandel. "Orthopedics and Tribology." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59310.

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Mammalian joints, including human joints, are mostly synovial joints, which have low friction and are long lasting. With life expectancy on the rise, we are facing an increase in joint “wear and tear” resulting in cartilage damage. Biological repair has its limitations and when the articular cartilage is severely affected joint replacement is the solution. The longevity of artificial joints is also limited requiring new avenues of research to extend their durability and reduce the cost of repeated operations.

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Monsef Khoshhesab, Mona, and Yaning Li. "Mechanical Modeling of Fractal Interlocking." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71844.

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Topological interlocking is an effective joining approach in both natural and engineering systems. Especially, hierarchical/fractal interlocking are found in many biological systems and can significantly enhance the system mechanical properties. Inspired by the hierarchical/ fractal topology in nature, mechanical models for Koch fractal interlocking were developed as an example system to better understand the mechanics of fractal interlocking. In this investigation, Koch fractal interlocking with different number of iterations N were designed. Theoretical contact mechanics model was used to analytically capture the mechanical behavior of the fractal interlocking. Then finite element (FE) simulations were performed to study the deformation mechanism of fractal interlocking under finite deformation. It was found that by increasing the number of iterations, the contact area increases and the interlocking stiffness and strength also significantly increase. The friction coefficient of contact plays an important role in determining the mechanical properties of fractal interlocking.

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Nosonovsky, Michael. "Towards “Green Tribology”: Self-Organization at the Sliding Interface for Biomimetic Surfaces." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-25047.

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“Green tribology” is the concept that was introduced in 2009 by the founder of Tribology, Prof. P. Jost, who defined it as “the science and technology of the tribological aspects of ecological balance and of environmental and biological impacts.” This includes tribological technology that mimics living nature (biomimetic surfaces) and thus is expected to be environment-friendly, the control of friction and wear that is of importance for energy conservation and conversion, environmental aspects of lubrication and surface modification techniques, and tribological aspects of green applications such as the wind-power turbines, tidal turbines, or solar panels. It is clear that a number of tribological problems could be put under the umbrella of “green tribology” and is of mutual benefit to one another. Biomimetic applications are of particular interest for the Green Tribology, because of their environment-friendliness. Nosonovsky and Bhushan suggested the “12 principles of the Green Tribology.” The common feature in various biomimetic surfaces is their hierarchical structure and the ability for self-organization. I will discuss the principles of self-organization in hierarchical tribological systems on the basis of the concepts of the non-equilibrium thermodynamics (the Onsager formalism). In particular, I will show that the thermodynamic approach in tribology can yield new and practically important results.

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Mohammadi, Alireza. "Design of Propulsive Virtual Holonomic Constraints for Planar Snake Robots." In ASME 2017 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2017-5159.

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Virtual holonomic constraints (VHCs) framework is a recent control paradigm for systematic design of motion controllers for wheel-less biologically inspired snake robots. Despite recent developments for VHC-based control systems for ground and underwater robotic snakes, they employ only two families of propulsive virtual holonomic constraints, i.e., lateral undulatory and eel-like virtual constraints. In this paper we extend the family of propulsive virtual constraints that can be used with VHC-based controllers by presenting a VHC analysis and synthesis methodology for planar snake robots that are subject to ground friction forces. In particular, we present a nonlinear differential inequality that guarantees forward motion of planar snake robots under the influence of VHCs. Furthermore, we provide a family of hyperbolic partial differential equations that can be employed to generate propulsive virtual holonomic constraints for these biologically inspired robots. Simulations are presented to verify the proposed analysis/synthesis methodology.

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Haque, Md Rejwanul, Hao Zheng, Saroj Thapa, Geza Kogler, and Xiangrong Shen. "A Robotic Ankle-Foot Orthosis for Daily-Life Assistance and Rehabilitation." In ASME 2018 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2018-9242.

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The ankle plays an important role in human movement as it supplies the majority of energy to support an individual’s walking. In this paper, the authors present a robotic ankle-foot orthosis (RAFO), which is essentially a wearable robot that acts in parallel to the user’s biological ankle for motion assistance. Unlike most of the existing robotic ankle-foot ortheses, the RAFO in this paper is a compact and portable assistive device with full energy autonomy, which enables its use in a user’s daily life without the typical limitation associated with tethered operation. The primary performance goal in the design of the RAFO is to provide a torque capacity equivalent to 35% of a 75 kg healthy person’s maximum ankle torque in slow walking, while keeping the weight of the device less than 2 kg. To reach such goal, the orthotic joint is actuated with a compact flat motor coupled with a two-stage transmission that provides a total 200:1 gear ratio. Additionally, a novel two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) joint design is incorporated. In addition to the powered dorsiflexion – plantarflexion, the 2-DOF joint also allows passive inversion – eversion of the joint, which greatly improves the comfort in the prolonged wearing of the device. For the control of the powered joint, a finite-state, friction-compensated impedance controller is developed to provide natural interaction with the user and reliable triggering of the powered push-off in walking. A prototype of the RAFO has been fabricated and assembled, and preliminary results demonstrated its effectiveness in assisting the user’s locomotion in treadmill walking experiments.

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Pryputniewicz, Ryszard J., Dariusz R. Pryputniewicz, and Emily J. Pryputniewicz. "Effect of Process Parameters on TED-Based Q-Factor of MEMS." In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33094.

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Continued advances in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology have led to development of numerous applications including, but not limited to: automotive, communication, information technology, deep-space, medical, safety, national security, etc. These developments are being made possible because of creative designs and novel packaging based on use of some of the most sophisticated analytical and experimental tools available today. These tools are also employed to overcome limitations due to inherent behavior of materials fabricated into miniature shapes subjected to extremely harsh operating conditions while satisfying very challenging specifications/requirements of their applications. Thermoelastic internal friction is present in all structural materials and has been found experimentally in miniature silicon resonators (e.g., microgyroscopes, accelerometers, as well as biological, chemical, and other sensors/actuators) that rely on vibrations of either sensing elements or application-specific elastic suspensions that resonate. Regardless of their applications, sensors are always designed to provide the most sensitive responses to the signals they are developed to detect and/or monitor. One way to describe this sensitivity is to use the Quality (Q) factor. Most recent experimental evidence indicates that as the physical sizes of sensors decrease (especially because of continued advances in fabrication, e.g., by surface micromachining) the corresponding Q-factors become more and more dependent on thermoelastic damping (TED). This form of damping depends on material properties such as coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, specific heat, density, and modulus of elasticity. It is also related to such design/operating parameters as resonator dimensions and temperature. This paper reviews a theoretical analysis of the effects that thermoelastic internal friction has on the Q-factor of microscale resonators and shows that the internal friction relating to TED is a fundamental damping mechanism in determination of quality of high-Q resonators over a range of operating conditions. Furthermore, the analysis also shows that the Q of resonators can be critical to the development of modern sensors. Microscale resonators are often used as basic sensing elements in the modern micromachined sensors. These sensors are frequency-modulated devices and exhibit a change in output frequency that is related to measurements and/or control of a physical variable. Accuracy and precision of these measurements/controls are inherently dependent on the frequency stability of the sensor/device output. This, in turn, greatly depends on damping in the resonating element itself.

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Dorsch, Daniel S., and Amos G. Winter. "Design of a Biologically Inspired Underwater Burrowing Robot That Utilizes Localized Fluidization." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47459.

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The Atlantic razor clam (Ensis directus) digs by contracting its valves, fluidizing the surrounding soil and reducing burrowing drag. Moving through a fluidized, rather than static, soil requires energy that scales linearly with depth, rather than depth squared. In addition to providing an advantage for the animal, localized fluidization may provide significant value to engineering applications such as vehicle anchoring and underwater pipe installation. This paper presents the design of a self-actuated, radially expanding burrowing mechanism that utilizes E. directus burrowing methods. The device is sized to be a platform for an anchoring system for autonomous underwater vehicles. Scaling relationships presented allow for design of burrowing systems of different sizes for a variety of applications. The motion to sufficiently create soil fluidization is presented. Max force for the actuator to contract is based on force to pump fluid out of the device, and max expansion force is determined by the soil. Friction force in the device and potential considerations for increased force are presented. Data from laboratory tests are used to characterize how power is split between pumping water out of the device versus accelerating the mechanism itself. These relationships provide the optimal sizing and power needs for various size subsea burrowing systems.

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Reports on the topic "Friction in biological systems"

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Akay, Adnan, and Jerry Griffin. Measurement of Friction in Dynamic Systems. Defense Technical Information Center, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada418183.

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Krim, Jacqueline. Friction, Adhesion and Lubrication of Nanoscale Mechanical Systems. Defense Technical Information Center, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada363467.

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Singh, Rajendra. Dynamic Analysis of Sliding Friction in Rotorcraft Geared Systems. Defense Technical Information Center, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada440286.

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Howell, Calvin R., Chantal D. Reid, and Andrew G. Weisenberger. Radionuclide Imaging Technologies for Biological Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1244531.

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Faissol, D. Learning Interactions in Complex Biological Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1573143.

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Endy, Drew. Design and Fabrication of Integration Biological Systems. Defense Technical Information Center, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada500552.

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FLORENCE UNIV (ITALY). Metal Ions In Biological Systems. EUROBIC II. Defense Technical Information Center, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada338576.

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Michael Killian. Efficiency Improvement through Reduction in Friction and Wear in Powertrain Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/989104.

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Jivkov, Venelin, and Vatko Draganov. Controlled Friction Clutch for Hybrid Propulsion Mechanical Systems with Kinetic Energy Accumulator. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.07.13.

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Gatley, S. J. Radiotracers For Lipid Signaling Pathways In Biological Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1326385.

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