Academic literature on the topic 'Fresnel concentrator solar plant'
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Journal articles on the topic "Fresnel concentrator solar plant"
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Nikitin, Victor, Roman Zaitsev, Tatiana Khramova, and Alina Khrypunova. "DEVELOPMENT OF A FACETED CONCENTRATOR FOR A COMBINED PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANT." Energy saving. Power engineering. Energy audit., no. 5-6(171-172) (November 30, 2022): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2313-8890.2022.05.04.
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This article examines the features of solar energy concentrators. The characteristics of the currently existing types of solar energy concentration systems are given: a weak concentration system and a high concentration system. Their design features and shortcomings are given. It is noted that Frenel lenses are one of the most widely used concentrators, but their optical efficiency is limited by low or high temperatures, as a change in the refractive index or deformation of the Frenel lens structure is observed due to thermal expansion. Fresnel lenses, which focus solar radiation on an area of up to 1 cm 2, do not allow the utilization of excess thermal energy. The complex geometric shape of parabolic concentrators determines the expensive technology of their manufacture, which, in turn, significantly increases the cost of the electric energy produced by them. Luminescent solar concentrators have a low coefficient of concentration of solar energy. The conducted analysis showed that the existing concentrators of solar radiation do not allow to create competitive compared to traditional sources of electrical energy photo-energy installations that work at high levels of concentration of solar radiation and utilize excess thermal energy. In order to solve the mentioned problems, the authors developed a faceted concentrator of solar radiation, gave its characteristics and presented a laboratory sample. Questions of optimization of the adjustment of the concentrator are investigated. A report on the mock-up tests conducted has been published.
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Fontani, D., P. Sansoni, F. Francini, M. DeLucia, G. Pierucci, and D. Jafrancesco. "Optical Tests on a Curve Fresnel Lens as Secondary Optics for Solar Troughs." International Journal of Photoenergy 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1945875.
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A curve Fresnel lens is developed as secondary concentrator for solar parabolic troughs to reduce the number of photovoltaic cells. Specific measurements and optical tests are used to evaluate the optical features of manufactured samples. The cylindrical Fresnel lens transforms the focal line, produced by the primary mirror, into a series of focal points. The execution of special laboratory tests on some secondary concentrator samples is discussed in detail, illustrating the methodologies tailored to the specific case. Focusing tests are performed, illuminating different areas of the lens with solar divergence light and acquiring images on the plane of the photocell using a CMOS camera. Concentration measurements are carried out to select the best performing samples of curve Fresnel lens. The insertion of the secondary optics within the concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) trough doubles the solar concentration of the system. The mean concentration ratio is 1.73, 2.13, and 2.09 for the three tested lenses. The concentration ratio of the solar trough is 140 and approaches 300 after the introduction of the secondary lens.
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Beltagy, Hani, Djaffar Semmar, and Noureddine Said. "Performance of Medium-power Fresnel Concentrator Solar Plant in Algerian Sites." Energy Procedia 74 (August 2015): 942–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.725.
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Resch, Alois, and Robert Höller. "Optical Modelling of a Linear Fresnel Concentrator for the Development of a Spectral Splitting Concentrating Photovoltaic Thermal Receiver." Energies 16, no. 14 (July 14, 2023): 5373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16145373.
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Concentrating photovoltaic thermal (CPVT) solar collectors can be regarded as a promising technology, as they are capable of providing renewable electricity and industrial heat simultaneously. The development of a novel CPVT receiver for a linear Fresnel concentrator requires detailed knowledge about the optical performance of the utilised mirror field. Therefore, this paper presents a generic optical model for such concentrating solar systems. The model was developed in MATLAB™ and calculates the sun’s position depending on the location, date and time. The subsequent geometrical computation of each mirror stripe angle is the basis for the detailed consideration of internal shading mechanisms that are typical for Fresnel mirror concentrators. Furthermore, the cosine losses are determined separately for each mirror. The outcomes of the developed model comprise the optical performance parameters of the considered Fresnel mirror field, such as the geometric efficiency, resulting irradiance in the receiver input plane, expected width of the focus image, concentration factor and total radiant flux impinging the receiver. Due to the chosen design of the model, its application is not limited to a particular kind of Fresnel concentrator. By contrast, all geometric parameters, such as the number of mirrors, the dimensions of the mirrors and the receiver, among others, can be freely adjusted.
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Guo, Yin, Qibing Liang, Bifen Shu, Jing Wang, and Qingchuan Yang. "The III–V Triple-Junction Solar Cell Characteristics and Optimization with a Fresnel Lens Concentrator." International Journal of Photoenergy 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7285849.
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At present, the Fresnel lens are commonly used as the condenser in high-concentrating photovoltaic (HCPV) modules. It is ideally believed that the output power of a III–V triple-junction solar cell which is placed on the focal plane of a Fresnel lens is the largest, because the intensity of the sunlight on the focal plane is the largest. Actually, according to our work, the dispersion of sunlight through a Fresnel lens and the nonparallelism and divergence of the incident light will lead to changes in the spectrum and the homogeneity of illumination, and cause a drop of the solar cell output. In this paper, the influence of the dispersion and nonparallel incidence of the light on the output of a triple-junction solar cell at different positions near the focal plane were theoretically studied, combined with the light-tracing simulation method and triple-junction solar cell circuit network model. The results show that the III–V triple-junction solar cell has the highest output power in both sides of the focal plane positions. The output power can be increased by about 15% after being optimized. The simulation results were verified by the experiments.
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Grena, Roberto, Michela Lanchi, Marco Frangella, Vittorio Ferraro, Valerio Marinelli, and Marco D’Auria. "Thermal Analysis of Parabolic and Fresnel Linear Solar Collectors Using Compressed Gases as Heat Transfer Fluid in CSP Plants." Energies 17, no. 16 (August 6, 2024): 3880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17163880.
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This study introduces the use of compressed air as a heat transfer fluid in small-scale, concentrated linear solar collector technology, evaluating its possible advantages over traditional fluids. This work assumes the adoption of readily available components for both linear parabolic trough and Fresnel collectors and the coupling of the solar field with Brayton cycles for power generation. The aim is to provide a theoretical analysis of the applicability of this novel solar plant configuration for small-scale electricity generation. Firstly, a lumped thermal model was developed in a MatLab® (v. 2023a) environment to assess the thermal performance of a PT collector with an evacuated receiver tube. This model was then modified to describe the performance of a Fresnel collector. The resulting optical–thermal model was validated through literature data and appears to provide realistic estimates of temperature distribution along the entire collector length, including both the receiver tube surface and the Fresnel collector’s secondary concentrator. The analysis shows a high thermal efficiency for both Fresnel and parabolic collectors, with average values above 0.9 (in different wind conditions). Th5s study also shows that the glass covering of the Fresnel evacuated receiver, under the conditions considered (solar field outlet temperature: 550 °C), reaches significant temperatures (above 300 °C). Furthermore, due to the presence of the secondary reflector, the temperature difference between the upper and the lower part of the glass envelope can be very high, well above 100 °C in the final part of the collector string. Differently, in the case of PTs, this temperature difference is quite limited (below 30 °C).
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Manikumar, R., and A. Valan Arasu. "Design Parameters Optimization and Theoretical Performance Analysis of Linear Fresnel Reflector Solar Concentrator with Multi Tube Absorber." Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (July 2014): 807–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.807.
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Linear Fresnel reflector solar concentrator technology is similar to solar trough technology in which the sunlight is reflected by a series of mirrors onto an absorber tube, thus linear F resnel reflector solar concentrator , is a linear line concentrator. The performance of the system depends on the design parameters, mass flow rate, etc. In the present work, by using MATLAB simulation program, a detailed design parameters analysis including the effect of variation in the height of the absorber, width of the absorber plane and the width of the reflector mirror elements on the concentration on the surface of the absorber plane has been made. The width of the absorber plane was investigated by using analytical and ray tracing technique s . Then, the optimized width of the absorber plane was used to design the absorber tubes. Also, detailed thermal performance analysis for the above design has been made. Results have been plotted graphically and discussed.
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Ионова, Е. А., and Н. Ю. Давидюк. "Исследование фокусирующих свойств концентратора фотоэлектрического модуля в расширенном температурном диапазоне." Журнал технической физики 93, no. 1 (2023): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2023.01.54071.160-22.
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Abstract: In the current work properties of a solar radiance concentrator with Fresnel lens made of Elastosil RT604 silicon made by Wacker have been investigated. The dependence of concentrator focal distance on temperature has been determined. Impact of variation of temperature-dependent concentrator focusing properties on the magnitude of short current of photovoltaic submodule has been determined by direct measurements using solar simulator. Using formalized model of modules based on the studied concentrator and solar cells with three and six p-n junctions dimensions of a solar image in a wavelength range corresponding to an absorption profile of individual p-n junctions has been calculated for the temperature range 10-60 C. It has been concluded that in the case of three p-n junctions the minimum size of solar image at focal plane was 4.7 mm with the distance between the concentrator and solar cell being equal to 106.25 mm, and in the case of six p-n junctions, the minimum size was 4.8 mm with the distance between concentrator and solar cell being equal to 106.5 mm.
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Ionova E.A. and Davidyuk N. Y. "Investigation of focusing properties of photovoltaic module concentrator in a wide temperature range." Technical Physics 68, no. 1 (2023): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/tp.2023.01.55541.160-22.
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In the current work properties of a solar radiance concentrator with Fresnel lens made of Elastosil RT604 silicon made by Wacker have been investigated. The dependence of concentrator focal distance on temperature has been determined. Impact of variation of temperature-dependent concentrator focusing properties on the magnitude of short current of photovoltaic submodule has been determined by direct measurements using solar simulator. Using formalized model of modules based on the studied concentrator and solar cells with three and six p-n- junctions dimensions of a solar image in a wavelength range corresponding to an absorption profile of individual p-n- junctions has been calculated for the temperature range 10-60oC. It has been concluded that in the case of three p-n- junctions the minimum size of solar image at focal plane was 4.7 mm with the distance between the concentrator and solar cell being equal to 106.25 mm, and in the case of six p-n- junctions, the minimum size was 4.8 mm with the distance between concentrator and solar cell being equal to 106.5 mm. Keywords: silicone lens, Wacker RT604, concentrator photovoltaic module, multijunction solar cells.
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Chiromawa, Nura Liman, and Kamarulazizi Ibrahim. "Concept of Bee-Eyes Array of Fresnel Lenses as a Solar Photovoltaic Concentrator System." Journal of Photonics 2015 (March 2, 2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/327342.
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This paper presents a proposal of a new configuration of an optical concentrator for photovoltaic application which may enhance the efficiency of solar cells. Bee-eyes array Fresnel lenses concentrator proposed here provide high concentration factor which is greater than1000x at the 20th zone. In addition, the system also provides room for increasing the number of zones to achieve the high concentration factor if needs arise. The transmission efficiency greater than 90% has been achieved with f-number of ≥1.25. Mathematical relations derived to obtain flux distribution at the absorber plane and the transmission efficiency as well as the position of the solar cell were used in the ray tracing simulations for 6, 18, 36, 60, 90, 126, 168, 216, 270, and 330 suns concentration systems. A transmission efficiency is linearly decreasing with the increase in the number of arrays in which the transmission efficiency of 94.42% was recorded at the array of 6 suns and 74.98% at 330 suns.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fresnel concentrator solar plant"
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Montanet, Edouard. "Modélisation et optimisation des centrales solaires linéaires Fresnel à génération directe de vapeur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Perpignan, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PERP0010.
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Ce manuscrit aborde la modélisation numérique d’une installation commerciale utilisant la technologie de concentration solaire linéaire Fresnel pour la production directe de vapeur d’eau à haute pression (70 bars) qui sera valorisée en énergie électrique grâce à un groupe turbo-alternateur de 10 MW. Cette installation nommée centrale solaire eLLO, située sur le plateau Cerdan dans les Pyrénées-Orientales, France, fait suite à l’expérience positive de SUNCNIM sur la conception et la réalisation d’un prototype de concentrateur linéaire Fresnel à génération directe de vapeur à La Seyne-sur-Mer, Var, France. Néanmoins, le changement d’échelle et les premières années d’exploitation révèlent le besoin de redéfinir les sousmodèles utilisés pour le dimensionnement du projet eLLO.Ainsi, le projet de recherche présenté dans ce document a pour objectif de développer un modèle global de la centrale pour étudier ses performances et proposer des pistes d’optimisations de l’installation et des stratégies opératoires. Un modèle optique, développé sur la base de la méthode de lancer de rayons, permet de définir le comportement optique des concentrateurs solaires pour toutes les positions solaires et d’étudier les particularités des champs solaires de la centrale eLLO comme l’orientation et l’inclinaison des concentrateurs, la non-coplanarité des récepteurs solaires ou encore la distribution asymétrique des rayons de cintrage des miroirs. Une étude thermique expérimentale et un modèle numérique permettent de redéfinir la caractérisation des pertes thermiques des récepteurs solaires. La validation de ces études est effectuée en comparant les résultats aux performances optiques et thermiques d’autres concentrateurs solaires linéaires Fresnel développés par des industriels ou des laboratoires. Finalement, ces résultats sont utilisés comme donnée d’entrée du modèle global qui est constitué de l’ensemble des composants et des régulations, du récepteur solaire au groupe turbo-alternateur du cycle thermodynamique de Hirn mis en oeuvre à la centrale. Validé en comparant les résultats numériques aux données expérimentales, le modèle global permet de décrire le comportement dynamique de l’installation industrielle et ainsi de mettre en évidence des pistes d’améliorations du procédé. Les connaissances apportées par le modèle optique et l’étude des pertes thermiques permettent de proposer une stratégie de régulation de la recirculation de l’eau dans les champs solaires ayant pour objectif 80 % de vapeur à la sortie des lignes solaires. Ce document se termine par une analyse des données expérimentales issues de la centrale et la caractérisation de certains indicateurs de performance qui sont, à notre connaissance, une première dans la littérature scientifique pour une installation commercialeThis manuscript presents the numerical modelling of a commercial plant using Fresnel linear solar concentrator technology for the direct production of high-pressure (70 bar) steam, which will be converted into electrical energy using a 10 MW turbine-generator set. This installation, known as the eLLO solar power plant, located on the Cerdan plateau in the Pyrénées-Orientales, France, follows SUNCNIM's positive experience in designing and building a linear Fresnel concentrator prototype for direct steam generation in La Seyne-sur-Mer, Var, France.Nevertheless, the change of scale and the first years of operation revealed the need to redefine the sub-models used for sizing the eLLO project. The aim of the research project presented in this document is therefore to develop a global model of the power plant in order to study these performances and propose ways of optimizing the installation and the operating strategies. An optical model, developed on the basis of the ray-tracing method, is used to define the optical behaviour of the solarconcentrators for all solar positions, and to study the particularities of the eLLO power plant's solar fields, such as the orientation and inclination of the concentrators, the non-coplanarity of the solar receivers and the asymmetric distribution of the mirrors bending radius. An experimental thermal study and a numerical model are used to redefine the characterizationof solar receiver heat losses. These studies are validated by comparing the results with the optical and thermal performance of other Fresnel linear solar concentrators developed by industries or laboratories.Finally, these results are used as input data for the global model, which comprises all components and controls, from the solar receivers to the turbo-alternator unit of the Hirn thermodynamic cycle implemented at the plant. Validated by comparing numerical results with experimental data, the global model can be used to describe the dynamic behaviour of the industrial plant, and thus highlights potential areas of process improvement. The knowledge provided by the optical model and the heat loss study enables to come up with a strategy for regulating water recirculation in the solar fields, with a target of 80% steam at the outlet of the solar lines. The manuscript concludes with an analysis of experimental data and the characterization of performance indicators which, to our knowledge, is a first achievement in the scientific literature for a commercial installation
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Walker, Gregg Stuart. "Development of a low cost linear fresnel solar concentrator." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85762.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study describes the design and construction of a low-cost linear Fresnel solar concentrator. Ray-trace simulation models that analyse optical performance were developed and then used to perform sensitivity analyses of various characteristics of linear Fresnel concentrators. The design of a small-scale concentrator was optimised using the simulation models, after which the concentrator was constructed in the solar laboratory. The concentrator consists of a single-motor tracking system, flat primary mirrors and a low-cost secondary concentrator that approximates a compound parabolic concentrator. Testing revealed satisfactory performance that was comparable to the simulation models’ prediction. The construction of a low-cost solar concentrator that can replace existing thermal sources for the generation of power and process heat is thus achievable.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ontwerp en konstruksie van 'n laekoste- lineêre Fresnel-sonkonsentreerder word in hierdie studie beskryf. Stralingsimulasiemodelle wat optiese werksverrigting analiseer is ontwikkel en gebruik om sensitiwiteitsanalises van die verskillende eienskappe van lineêre Fresnel-konsentreerders te doen. Die modelle is verder gebruik om die ontwerp van 'n kleinskaalse konsentreerder te optimeer, waarna die konsentreerder in die sonlaboratorium gebou is. Die konsentreerder bestaan uit 'n enkelmotorvolgingstelsel, plat primêre spieëls en 'n laekoste- sekondêre konsentreerder soortgelyk aan 'n saamgestelde, paraboliese konsentreerder. Toetsing dui bevredigende werksverrigting aan, vergelykbaar met wat die simulasiemodelle voorspel het. Dit is dus moontlik om 'n laekoste-sonkonsentreerder wat bestaande termiese bronne vir kragopwekking en proseshittegenerasie kan vervang, daar te stel.
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Ying, Xiaomin. "Statistical ray-tracing analysis of the linear Fresnel mirror solar concentrator." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/897508.
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The Monte Carlo-type statistical ray-tracing method was used to investigate the performance of the line-focusing Fresnel mirror solar concentrator. An optical model of the line-focusing Fresnel mirror concentrator using the statistical ray-tracing approach was developed. Many rays of sunlight from the solar disk were selected at random and traced through the concentrator in this model. This optical model permits calculation of the local and geometric concentration ratios. The latter requires an energyloss analysis. Small sun-tracking errors of the diurnal or transverse type were included in the model.Based on the optical model and the Monte Carlo-type statistical ray-tracing method, a computer program was written implementing the model and computations using Pascal. To facilitate performance comparisons, a baseline concentrator design was adopted. To study the effects of imperfect tracking, performance data were generated for small tracking errors up to approximately two and one-half degrees. The selected mirror configuration permitted comparisons between the statistical approach and previous applications of the "extreme ray" analysis for an imperfectly tracking mirror concentrator.Simulation results demonstrated that the concentration characteristics are highly sensitive to the tracking error. The geometric concentration ratio dramatically decreases when the tracking error increases, which is the same as the "extreme ray" analysis. Results of some typical numerical calculations are presented graphically and discussed.Department of Physics and Astronomy
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Zhan, Yong. "Analysis of tracking error effects for the Fresnel mirror solar concentrator." Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/560271.
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The solar concentration performance of a tracking, flat-base, line-focusing Fresnel mirror was investigated in this study. The Fresnel mirror consists of flat mirror strips situated on a base and oriented at appropriate angles to focus incident light to a desired line. Simple optical ray tracing and energy conservation were used to develop a mathematical model of the concentrator assuming small or zero diurnal tracking errors. The model analyzed the concentrator design and provided detailed expressions for the geometric evaluation of the concentrated sunlight rays in the focal plane above the mirror. The local concentration ratio and the geometric concentration ratio were introduced to describe the intensity profile in the focal plane and the average concentration of sunlight on a target absorber. Included in the model were losses of incident sunlight due to imperfect reflection, nonreflecting portions of the base, and blockage by adjacent mirror strips when imperfect tracking occurs.Based on the analytical model and using the Ada high level language, a computer program was written to simulate the concentrator. To facilitate performance comparisons, a baseline concentrator design was adopted. To study the effects of imperfect tracking, performance data were generated for small tracking errors up to approximately two and one-half degrees. The effects of design variations were studied by varying the concentrator focal length, strip width, and base width.Simulation results demonstrated that the concentration characteristics were highly sensitive to tracking error. Intensity profile shifts relative to the target caused the highest losses in intercepted sunlight.Design decisions were found to dramatically affect the concentration character- istics. For the baseline concentrator under perfect tracking conditions, an optimum focal length was identified. Except for the disadvantage of added costs, decreased strip widths was found to be a way to increase both the maximum and average concentration ratio for the absorber. Using smaller strip widths might, however, critically affect the energy intercepted by the target under imperfect tracking. Increasing the concentrator base width increased the total amount of power in the focal plane, with a higher maximum concentration ratio and additional tailing of the intensity profile.Department of Physics and Astronomy
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Negreiros, Igor Soares. "Development of a system tracking of solar concentrator prototype linear fresnel." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14016.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoAmid the great crisis of the energy, new methods for electric power generation, especially those do not harm the environment, are constantly sought to meet the growing need worldwide. Among them, the use of Fresnel linear concentrators becomes increasingly feasible, due to have lower cost in comparison to other types of solar concentrators. Thus, the project seeks to develop techniques that optimize use of the system where the main objective is to implement and validate the tracking system for a prototype of linear Fresnel solar concentrator, operating between approximately 7:30 and 16:30 in Fortaleza, CearÃ. For that, it used microcontrollers, sensors and motors to design a system capable of tracking Solar light system. The characterization and validation of the inductive position sensor used is also an important part of the work. To perform the tracking system, have been used a theoretical methodology for relative location of the sun, beyond the gain scheduling technique in control of employee movement. The position sensor validation have a maximum error than 0.3Â. Therefore, can consider that, with the use of the techniques employed for the achievement of system of control, the medium error obtained was about 0.06Â, making the design perform the concentration of solar rays in the absorber concentrator with a maximum deviation of 0.5Â, providing the desired reliability for system use.
Em meio Ãs grandes crises no ambiente energÃtico novos mÃtodos para geraÃÃo de energia elÃtrica, principalmente aqueles que nÃo agridem o meio ambiente, sÃo procurados constantemente para suprir a crescente necessidade mundial. Dentre eles, o uso de concentradores Solares do tipo Fresnel linear torna-se cada vez mais viÃvel, devido possuir custo inferior a outros tipos de concentradores solar. Com isso, procura-se desenvolver tÃcnicas que otimizem o uso do modelo onde o principal objetivo deste trabalho à implementar e validar o sistema de rastreamento de um protÃtipo de concentrador solar Fresnel linear, com funcionamento compreendido aproximadamente entre 7:30 e 16:30 h, na cidade de Fortaleza, CearÃ. Para tanto, utilizou-se microcontroladores, sensores e motores para projetar um sistema capaz de rastrear a luz Solar. A caracterizaÃÃo e validaÃÃo do sensor de posiÃÃo indutivo utilizado tambÃm à parte importante do trabalho. Para a realizaÃÃo do rastreamento empregou-se uma metodologia teÃrica para localizaÃÃo relativa do Sol, alÃm da tÃcnica de escalonamento de ganho no controle do movimento empregado. A validaÃÃo do sensor de posiÃÃo foi realizada encontrando-se um erro mÃximo em torno de 0,3Â. Portanto, pode-se considerar que, com a utilizaÃÃo das tÃcnicas abordadas para a realizaÃÃo do controle do sistema o erro mÃdio obtido foi cerca de 0,06Â, fazendo com que o projeto realizasse a concentraÃÃo dos raios solares no absorvedor do concentrador com um desvio mÃximo de 0.5Â, fornecendo ao sistema a confiabilidade desejada para sua utilizaÃÃo.
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Claudino, Filho Vicente de Vasconcelos. "Desenvolvimento de um coletor Fresnel para sistema de climatização dessecante." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8678.
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Brazil has as a main source for production of electricity the dams using water to drive the turbines and as a secondary source are used the thermoelectric power plants that use fuel oil for electric power production. Both generate a large environmental impact, due to the fact of the dams need huge areas for its construction, which often leads to destruction of important ecosystems in the region where it will be installed the hydroelectric plant, besides the fact that they need the rainfall cycle so that the dams have the operating capacity, while the thermoelectric power plants burn fossil fuels thus increasing emissions of CO2 to the atmosphere. An alternative to the solution of the problems mentioned above is the use of renewable sources of energy, with emphasis on this work. Solar energy can be divided into two parts: thermal and photovoltaic. This work it is focused on thermal use of solar energy, with a Fresnel-type solar concentrator to heat water, which will trigger a cooling system environment with the use of desiccant rotors. The choice of type Fresnel collector gave the field of development of this hub is still in constant growth and by the fact that even occupy a relatively small area when compared to other solar thermal concentrators, in addition to its construction be simple and low cost when again compared to other solar concentrators.
O Brasil tem como fonte principal para produção de energia elétrica as hidrelétricas que utilizam água para movimentar as turbinas e como fonte complementar são utilizadas as termoelétricas que usam óleo combustível para produção de energia elétrica. Ambas geram um grande impacto ambiental, devido ao fato das hidrelétricas necessitarem de enormes áreas para a construção das represas, o que muitas vezes acarreta na destruição de ecossistemas importantes para a região onde irá ser instalada a hidrelétrica, além do fato que elas necessitam do ciclo das chuvas para que as represas possuam capacidade de operação, enquanto que as termoelétricas queimam combustíveis fosseis, aumentando assim as emissões de CO2 para a atmosfera. Uma alternativa para a solução dos problemas citados anteriormente é a utilização de fontes renováveis de energia, dando ênfase neste trabalho a energia solar. A energia solar pode ser dividida em duas vertentes: térmica e fotovoltaica. Este trabalho está voltado para a utilização térmica da energia solar, através da utilização de um concentrador solar do tipo Fresnel para o aquecimento de água, a qual irá acionar um sistema de refrigeração de ambientes com a utilização de rotores dessecantes. A escolha do coletor do tipo Fresnel se deu pelo campo de desenvolvimento deste concentrador estar ainda em constante crescimento e pelo fato do mesmo ocupar uma área relativamente pequena quando comparado com outros concentradores solares térmicos, além de sua construção ser simples e de baixo custo quando novamente comparada a outros concentradores solares.
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Qandil, Hassan Darwish Hassan. "Investigations of the Fresnel Lens Based Solar Concentrator System through a Unique Statistical-Algorithmic Approach." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609121/.
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This work investigates the Fresnel-lens-based solar concentrator-receiver system in a multi-perspective manner to design, test and fabricate this concentrator with high-efficiency photon and heat outputs and a minimized effect of chromatic aberrations. First, a MATLAB®-incorporated algorithm optimizes both the flat-spot and the curved lens designs via a statistical ray-tracing methodology of the incident light, considering all of its incidence parameters. The target is to maximize the solar ray intensity on the receiver's aperture, and therefore, achieve the highest possible focal flux. The algorithm outputs prismatic and dimensional geometries of the Fresnel-lens concentrator, which are simulated by COMSOL® Multiphysics to validate the design. For the second part, a novel genetically-themed hierarchical algorithm (GTHA) has been investigated to design Fresnel-lens solar concentrators that match with the distinct energy input and spatial geometry of various thermal applications. Basic heat transfer analysis of each application decides its solar energy requirement. The GTHA incorporated in MATLAB® optimizes the concentrator characteristics to secure this energy demand, balancing a minimized geometry and a maximized efficiency. Two experimental applications were selected from literature to validate the optimization process, a solar welding system for H13 steel plates and a solar Stirling engine with an aluminum-cavity receiver attached to the heater section. In each case, a flat Fresnel-lens with a spot focus was algorithmically designed to supply the desired solar heat, and then a computer simulation of the optimized lens was conducted showing great comparability to the original experimental results. Thirdly, the prismatic geometry of the Fresnel lens was further optimized through a statistical approach that incorporates laws of light refraction and trigonometry. The proposed design produces high focal irradiance that is more suitable for thermal applications. The motivation was to enhance the tolerability of a flat Fresnel-lens concentrator to tracking errors, without the use of secondary optics or sophisticated, and normally costly, meticulous tracking equipment. A comparative simulation analysis was conducted for two case studies from literature, each with a different design method. Fresnel lenses optimized by this work enhanced the concentration acceptance product (CAP) significantly, compared to that in literature. Then, this work introduced an innovative code-based, detailed, and deterministic geometrical approach, which couples the optimization of the Fresnel lens primary optical element (POE) and the dome-shaped secondary optical element (SOE). The objective was to maximize the concentration acceptance product, while using the minimum SOE and receiver geometries at a given f-number and incidence angle (also referred to as the tracking error angle). The laws of polychromatic light refraction along with trigonometry and spherical geometry were utilized to optimize the POE grooves, SOE radius, receiver size, and SOE–receiver spacing. Two literature case studies were analyzed to verify this work's optimization, and the equivalent POEs designed by this work, with optimized SOEs, showed a significant enhancement in the CAP values compared to that of literature. Lastly, four methods for prototyping the Fresnel lens were discussed and experimentally tested; 3D printing, acrylic resin casting, direct CNC machining in acrylic and hot embossing. Once tested, the methods of CNC machining and hot embossing of acrylic proved to be the most promising in terms of cost, fabrication time, and concentration effectiveness. Future work will focus on enhancing the algorithmic design and improving the quality of lens fabrication.
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Schlaifer, Perrine. "Performance Calculations and Optimization of a Fresnel Direct Steam Generation CSP Plant with Heat Storage." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-116806.
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This master thesis deals with the performance calculations of a 9MW linear Fresnel CSP plant withdirect steam generation built by the Solar Division of the CNIM Company. The aim was to calculate theannual electricity production taking into account the weather conditions as well as some steam storage.At first, a steam accumulator model was developed with Excel, in order to estimate the pressureevolution in the tanks during the charging, storage and discharging processes. The data obtained withthis model was then integrated to the thermodynamic cycle model, programmed with Excel, whichcalculated the electrical power production knowing the thermal power available in the solar field. Theelectricity production calculations were made every 600 seconds during one year.To improve the results accuracy, the influence of the plant location slope was estimated, calculating theequivalent azimuth and elevation angles in a new spherical coordinates system. For an average slope of4.21° at the plant location, the annual thermal energy gain is 14.4% (with a gain up to 60% duringwinter days) and the annual electricity production is increased by 12.59%. The influence of frost on themirrors during cold and humid nights was also estimated with a simple model of the energy needed toheat up a constant layer of ice. Depending on the assumptions, the electricity production losses werebetween 1.27 and 2.84% of annual electricity production. The losses due to plant shutdowns set by theelectrical network manager RTE during the snowmelt months were also estimated. The annualelectricity production could decrease by 8.02 to 11.57 % because of the load management, dependingon the days during which the plant is shutdown.Finally, an economic optimisation was led with prices estimated by CNIM, which gave an optimal solarfield design with 31 lines and 5 steam accumulators. The payback time would then be 9.887 years.
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Lin, Qinglong. "Etude, modélisation dynamique et développement d'un capteur solaire thermique à concentration de nouvelle génération." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10099.
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Ce travail a pour objet de développer une nouvelle technologie de l’énergie solaire à concentration. Il porte sur la présentation du concept, la réalisation prototypique et l’étude optique et énergétique d’un nouveau concentrateur solaire QingSun™. Ce concentrateur a une forme de parallélépipède rectangulaire et comporte des lentilles de Fresnel linéaires, des parois tapissées de miroir et d’un récepteur solaire mobile entraîné par un système de suivi à l’intérieur du caisson de concentration. Un modèle optique et un modèle énergétique ont été élaborés et validés avec une série d’expériences. Ils ont permis d’étudier le fonctionnement et les performances énergétiques du concentrateur. Une étude de l’influence paramétrique de l’inclinaison et l’orientation a été effectuée et a montré que l’inclinaison a plus d’influence que l’orientation sur les performances. Enfin, les performances énergétiques optimales du concentrateur ont été estiméesThis work is for the purpose to develop a new solar concentrating technology. It covers the presentation of the concept, the prototype realization and the optical and energy study of a new solar concentrator QingSun™. This concentrator has a shape of rectangular parallelepiped and includes linear Fresnel lenses, mirror-lined walls and a mobile solar receptor controlled by a tracking system inside the casing. An optical model and an energy model were developed and validated with a series of experiments. The both models permitted us to examine the function and the energy performance of the concentrator. A parametric study of the influence of the tilt and the orientation was performed and showed that the tilt had more influence than the orientation. Finally, the optimal energy performance of this concentrator was estimated
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Šimonová, Lucie. "Distribuční soustava Kypru - realizovatelnost obnovitelných zdrojů a přenos energie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219218.
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Until a few decades ago few people could imagine that the photovoltaic, solar thermal and other power based on renewable resources, will become a reality. Today people from all over the world on the contrary try at full blast derive benefit from of all possible available source. Using sunlight as a source of energy is first enforced only for small devices such as calculators for charging the battery, but now we are able to produced energy from the sun to supply people around the world. Of course it is not possible supply consumer sector plus firm only from performances renewable power supply. Therefore endeavour is derive benefit from classical energy production at the same time with others power supply. The basic components of photovoltaic and solar thermal power are panels. The panels are made of different materials in different shapes and sizes. During production, the resulting effect looks in addition to costs associated with production. For photovoltaic and solar thermal power plant requires sufficient sunlight. The sunshine has biggest intensity on south of ours planets. Therefore endeavour is build lump these power station just in stand with bigger intensity sunshine. One of them is just Cyprus, too.
Books on the topic "Fresnel concentrator solar plant"
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O'Neill, M. J. Conceptual design study of a 5 kilowatt solar dynamic Brayton power system using a dome Fresnel lens solar concentrator. [Cleveland, OH: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.
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The optical design of a system using a Fresnel lens that gathers light for a solar concentrator and that feeds into solar alignment optics. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.
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Soto, Enzo Castro, and Manuel Alejandro Messina Mérida. Diseño de una Planta Solar Térmica con Concentrador Tipo Fresnel para la Generación de Energía Eléctrica. GRIN Verlag GmbH, 2014.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Fresnel concentrator solar plant"
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Tahir, Zia ul Rehman, Muhammad Ahmad Nisar, Tariq Ali, Muhammad Fahad Mukhtar, Ahmad Hassan, Talal Ahmed Awan, Muhammad Afnan Mohsin, et al. "Performance Assessment of 50 MWe Concentrated Solar Power Linear Fresnel Reflector Power Plant in Pakistan." In Atlantis Highlights in Engineering, 224–28. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-455-6_24.
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Hani, Beltagy, Mihoub Sofiane, and Benjebbas Hichem. "Methodology of Determining the Optimum Performances of a Solar Thermal Power Plant with Linear Fresnel Concentrators." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 513–18. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2777-7_56.
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Beltagy, Hani, Sofiane Mihoub, and Said Noureddine. "Thermal Behavior Study of a Fresnel Concentrator Solar Receiver." In Advances in Green Energies and Materials Technology, 25–31. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0378-5_4.
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Jaramillo, O. A., J. O. Aguilar, R. Castrejón-García, and N. Velázquez. "A Modular Linear Fresnel Reflecting Solar Concentrator for Low-Enthalpy Processes." In Renewable Energy in the Service of Mankind Vol II, 949–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18215-5_85.
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Karandikar, Shridhar, Irfan Shaikh, Anish Modi, Shireesh B. Kedare, and Balwant Bhasme. "Multi-field Solar Thermal Power Plant with Linear Fresnel Reflector and Solar Power Tower." In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research, 1645–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5955-6_156.
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Beltagy, Hani, Sofiane Mihoub, Djaffar Semmar, and Noureddine Said. "Feasibility Study of Linear Fresnel Solar Thermal Power Plant in Algeria." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 35–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93438-9_3.
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Malmiry, Roozbeh Babaeizadeh, and Nicolas Perry. "Complexity Management in Product/Process Simultaneous Design for Implementing a Fresnel Thermodynamic Solar Plant." In Lecture Notes in Production Engineering, 411–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30817-8_40.
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Faye, Kory, Mactar Faye, El Hadji Ibrahima Cissé, Ababacar Thiam, and Vincent Sambou. "Truncation Effect of a Three-Dimensional Compound Parabolic Concentrator on the Solar Flux at the Input of the Receiver of a 30 kWe Solar Tower Power Plant." In Innovations and Interdisciplinary Solutions for Underserved Areas, 237–50. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23116-2_20.
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Pavlović, Saša R., and Velimir P. Stefanović. "Systems with Concentrating Solar Radiation." In Renewable and Alternative Energy, 788–856. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1671-2.ch025.
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In this chapter, description and working principles of the parabolic trough power plants, solar tower power plants, parabolic dish power plants, and power plants with Fresnel reflectors in the world and their potential use in Serbia are given. In addition, the examples and technical characteristics of some concentrating solar power plants in the world are given. The cases in which solar cells are used to generate electrical energy are very rare. Solar systems referred as mid temperature (100–400 oC) are considered suitable for integration with industrial processes, cooling, and polygeneration systems through use of concentrating solar collectors. The results of this research may be applied in the construction of small solar systems, but also in the design and construction of large polygeneration systems. Physical and mathematical model is presented, as well as numerical procedure for predicting thermal performances of the P2CC (Parabolic-and-Circular Collector) solar concentrator.
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Pavlović, Saša R., and Velimir P. Stefanović. "Systems with Concentrating Solar Radiation." In Handbook of Research on Novel Soft Computing Intelligent Algorithms, 931–88. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4450-2.ch031.
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In this chapter, description and working principles of the parabolic trough power plants, solar tower power plants, parabolic dish power plants, and power plants with Fresnel reflectors in the world and their potential use in Serbia are given. In addition, the examples and technical characteristics of some concetrating solar power plants in the world are given. The cases in which solar cells are used to generate electrical energy are very rare. Solar systems referred as mid temperature (100–400 oC) are considered suitable for integration with industrial processes, cooling, and polygeneration systems through use of concentrating solar collectors. The results of this research may be applied in the construction of small solar systems, but also in the design and construction of large polygeneration systems. Physical and mathematical model is presented, as well as numerical procedure for predicting thermal performances of the P2CC (Parabolic-and-Circular Collector) solar concentrator.
Conference papers on the topic "Fresnel concentrator solar plant"
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Gabbrielli, Roberto, Francesco Del Medico, Giovanni Gulino, and Michelangelo Di Palo. "Cleaning Strategies for Fresnel Linear Concentrator Mirrors in Solar Heating Plants." In ISES EuroSun 2018 Conference – 12th International Conference on Solar Energy for Buildings and Industry. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/eurosun2018.08.01.
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de Souza, Leonardo F. L., Naum Fraidenraich, Chigueru Tiba, and Jeffrey M. Gordon. "Linear aplanatic Fresnel reflector as a solar concentrator and analytical description of its optical losses." In Latin America Optics and Photonics Conference. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laop.2022.w4a.32.
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The linear aplanatic Fresnel concentrator was described as a new optical design suitable for solar thermal power plants. The final high-performance design is composed by cylindrical primary mirrors and a fully stationary secondary/absorber assembly.
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Hakkarainen, Elina, Matti Tähtinen, and Hannu Mikkonen. "Dynamic Model Development of Linear Fresnel Solar Field." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49347.
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As a dispatchable clean energy source, concentrated solar power (CSP) can be one of the key technologies to overcome many problems related to fossil fuel consumption and electricity balancing problems. Solar is a variable location, time and weather dependent source of energy, which sets challenges to solar field operations. With proper dynamic simulation tools it is possible to study dynamics of CSP field under changing weather conditions, find optimum control strategies, and plan and predict the performance of the field. CSP technology considered in this paper, linear Fresnel reflector (LFR), is a proven line focusing technology, having simpler design but suffering in optical performance compared to more mature parabolic trough (PT) technology. Apros dynamic simulation software is used to configure and simulate the solar field. Apros offers a possibility to dynamically simulate field behavior with varying collector configuration, field layout and control mode under varying irradiation conditions. The solar field applies recirculation (RC) as a control mode and direct steam generation (DSG) producing superheated steam. DSG sets challenges for the control scheme, which main objective is to maintain constant steam pressure and temperature at the solar field outlet under varying inlet water and energy conditions, while the steam mass flow can vary. The design and formulation of an entire linear Fresnel solar field in Apros is presented, as well as the obtained control scheme. The field includes user defined amount of collector modules, control system and two modules describing solar irradiation on the field. As two-phase water/steam flow is used, an accurate 6-equation model is used in Apros. Irradiation on the solar field under clear sky conditions is calculated according to time, position and Linke turbidity factor. Overcast conditions can be created by the clear sky index. For LFR single-axis sun tracking system is applied. In order to test the model functionality and to investigate the field behavior, thermal performance of the field was simulated at different dates at two different locations, and the results were compared. Similar field dimensions and control schemes were applied in each case, and simulations were done for full 24 hours in order to study the daily operations and ensure process stability. Control scheme functionality is evaluated based on the plant behavior in simulation cases having different operational conditions. The proper operability of the configured LFR model is evaluated. Obtained performance results show differences between locations and variation depending on season and time. The importance of a proper control system is revealed. The results show that the dynamic model development of a solar field is necessary in order to simulate plant behavior under varying irradiation conditions and to further develop optimal field control schemes and field optimizing process. The future work in the development of the LFR model presented will focus on dynamic response behavior development under transient conditions and field start-up and shut down procedure development.
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Zhu, Guangdong, Mike Wagner, Tim Wendelin, and Chuck Kutscher. "Performance Evaluation and Outlook of Utility-Scale Linear Fresnel Technology." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18069.
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As one of the viable concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies, linear Fresnel collectors differ from parabolic troughs by virtue of their low-profile mirror arrays and fixed receiver assemblies. This technology is capable of achieving high concentration ratios and so is applicable to high-temperature solar power plant designs. In addition, its low wind profile and linear nature lead to low system and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs. In this report two linear Fresnel solar plant configurations, namely a direct steam generation (DSG) system and a direct high-temperature molten-salt plant, are examined via a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) analysis. By treating LCOE as a function of the annual investment energy return (IER, or the ratio of annual net electricity to the total direct system cost) under various assumptions of O&M cost, a few plant scenarios employing high-temperature linear Fresnel technology are carefully configured to meet the aggressive LCOE goals of 8 cents/kWh and 6 cents/kWh. The latter is the Department of Energy (DOE) SunShot Initiative goal aimed at making CSP cost competitive in the current energy market. In particular, a linear Fresnel scenario with the potential to meet the SunShot goal is featured with a collector cost of $100/m2, an annual system energy efficiency of 18%, a storage system cost of $15/kWh-th, and an O&M cost of $7.5/MWh. One of the most aggressive assumptions is an advanced power block with about 52% cycle efficiency and a turbine inlet temperature of 700°C. This work addresses unanswered questions regarding linear Fresnel cost and performance and identifies future research and development directions for linear Fresnel technology, including economic optimization of collectors and receivers, development of physical plant performance models, development of automated O&M mechanisms and sophisticated plant control software.
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Hang, Yin, Kevin Balkoski, and Phani Meduri. "Life Cycle Analysis of Linear Fresnel Solar Power Technology." In ASME 2013 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2013-98147.
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Solar power generation technologies are categorized as Concentrated Solar Thermal Power (CSP) and PhotoVoltaic (PV). AREVA’s Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector (CLFR) system is a CSP power generation technology which compares favorably with other technologies in terms of its land efficiency and environmental impact. Analysis of the costs and benefits of solar technologies can inform their design and influence environmental and economic policies. This paper reports a comprehensive “cradle to grave” life cycle analysis (LCA) of AREVA’s CLFR technology. A unique element of this study is the availability of comprehensive inventory data from AREVA’s Reliance project, a 125 MWe Solar CLFR power plant under construction in India. Using actual project data showed the energy payback time was about 8.2 months and the greenhouse gas intensity was about 31 g-CO2/kWhe. Sensitivity analysis identified that the environmental performance is most sensitive to the solar intensity represented by direct normal irradiance. This study also compares AREVA’s CLFR technology with other leading solar power generation technologies. AREVA’s CLFR has the similar energy payback time and greenhouse gas intensity as other CSP technologies, and it has lower environmental impact compared to flat-plate PV systems.
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Dhamran, Magd, and Davut Solyali. "Design of Linear Fresnel Reflector Concentrated Solar Power Plant with Molten Salt Thermal Energy Storage." In 2022 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Energy Technologies (ICECET). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecet55527.2022.9872908.
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Zachary, Justin, Natasha Jones, and Aslan Golant. "Concentrated Solar Thermal Downstream of the Solar Field: Design and Optimization of the Associated Power Generation Cycle." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46487.
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While major design efforts are dedicated to the development and improvement of solar energy collection technologies, the downstream power generation cycle is often considered a straightforward exercise. The diverse nature of the heat sources and their cyclic behavior make the design of the turbo-machinery and associated balance-of-plant equipment for solar plants quite different from the design for use in conventional fired power plants. The high capital cost of these renewable energy facilities and the limited hours of operation are powerful drivers to increase equipment efficiency and reduce the startup time. This paper reviews the state of the art regarding hardware selection and design considerations for tower, trough, and Fresnel solar thermal technologies from an engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contractor’s perspective. It also describes the benefits and limitations of each method and the impact of flow and temperature on cycle efficiency. In particular, it addresses the turbine design challenges for repeated fast startups and plant size optimization. Special emphasis is given to heat sink design in consideration of water scarcity. In conclusion, the paper provides recommendations for achieving a balance between the economics of generation and cost of equipment and reliability for the downstream power generation system.
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Wullenkord, Michael, Christian Jung, and Christian Sattler. "Design of a Concentrator With a Rectangular Flat Focus and Operation With a Suspension Reactor for Experiments in the Field of Photocatalytic Water Splitting." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6546.
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Photocatalytic water splitting is a potential route for future carbon-free production of hydrogen. However catalysts still need to be enhanced in order to reach acceptable solar-to-fuel efficiency. In the context of the project HyCats funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany a high performance test facility for the evaluation of the activity of photocatalysts under practical conditions was established. It mainly consists of a solar concentrator and a planar receiver reactor. A modified linear Fresnel concentrator configuration was chosen based on ray tracing simulation results and improved concerning the number of different facets and the tolerance of tracking errors. It meets the major demand of a homogeneous irradiance distribution on the surface of the reactor. The SoCRatus (Solar Concentrator with a Rectangular Flat Focus) is a 2-axis solar concentrator with a geometrical concentration ratio of 20.2 and an aperture area of 8.8 m2. The tracking accuracy is better than 0.1° respecting both the solar azimuth and altitude angle. Its 22 highly UV/Vis-reflective flat aluminum mirror facets reflect the sunlight resulting in a rectangular focus with a nominal width of 100 mm and a nominal length of 2500 mm. The reactor is placed in the focal plane at a distance of 2500 mm from the mounting plane of the facets and allows concentrated solar radiation to penetrate suspensions of water, electrolytes and photocatalyst particles flowing through it. Corresponding to a maximum angle of incidence of 36.6° the Quartz window reflects not more than 5% of the incoming radiation and assures only marginal absorption, particularly in the UV-part of the sun’s spectrum. The material of the receiver body is PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) providing reflection coefficients above 90% concerning wavelengths of UV-A and UV-B. The design of the reactor features two parallel reaction chambers, offering the possibility to test two separate suspensions at the same irradiation conditions. A pump transports the tempered suspension to the reactor. The geometry of the reactor inlet and outlet minimizes critical regions with inadequate flow caused by vortices. Any evolved gases are separated from the suspension in a tank together with nitrogen introduced in the piping upstream and are analyzed by micro chromatographs. Numerous devices are installed in order to control and monitor the reaction conditions. First experiments have been carried out using methanol as a sacrificial reagent.
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Goswami, Pinku Kumar, and Nabajit Dev Choudhury. "Techno-economic evaluation of linear Fresnel reflector based concentrated solar power plant for Karbi Anglong district of Assam." In CURRENT TRENDS IN RENEWABLE AND ALTERNATE ENERGY. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5096509.
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Wullenkord, Michael, Christian Jung, and Christian Sattler. "Out-of-Lab Solar Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production in the Presence of Methanol Employing the Solar Concentrator SoCRatus." In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59239.
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Hydrogen production from water via efficient solar based photocatalytic or photoelectrochemical processes could play a major role in the energy regimes of the future. Here, intermittent solar energy is converted into the promising energy vector hydrogen for later carbon free use on demand. Although much effort has been made in the last years photocatalytic/photoelectrochemical systems with acceptable solar-to-hydrogen-efficiency for economic operation could not be introduced, yet. Within the project DuaSol simultaneous hydrogen generation and water treatment in a photoelectrochemical tandem cell is investigated as a potentially economic process. Organic contaminants are oxidised by interaction with photo-generated electron holes at the photoanode. Produced protons approach the photocathode to react with photo-generated electrons to form hydrogen. Experiments with photocatalytic systems employing DLR’s 2-axis tracking modified linear Fresnel solar concentrator SoCRatus (Solar Concentrator with a Rectangular Flat Focus) were carried out in order to set a reference for the further experimental assessment. Diverse photocatalysts based on titanium dioxide (TiO2) and tin niobate (SnNb2O6) were tested in a planar suspension reactor with two parallel reaction chambers irradiated in the focal plane of the SoCRatus. The evolution of hydrogen was measured and correlated to the overall solar input and to spectral quantities. Three temperature levels, mostly 25°C, 37.5°C, and 50°C, were considered and maintained during the experiments in order to study temperature related effects. Methanol as a sacrificial reagent or rather a model substance for organic contaminants formed part of the suspension with a volume fraction of 10% at 20°C. As expected regarding the band gaps of the considered TiO2 based photocatalysts the hydrogen output is predominately affected by the applied UV portion. The UV fraction of solar light varies significantly in the course of a day and coherently also the production of hydrogen. Hydrogen was generated at rates as high as 7386 μmol/h. Regarding the SnNb2O6 based photocatalysts the generation of hydrogen rather corresponds with the irradiance in the visible range. The solar-to-hydrogen efficiency as well as the photon efficiency in different spectral ranges could be calculated. In addition an extensive analysis of the uncertainty of experimental results was conducted. It could be confirmed that the SoCRatus is an excellent platform for the experimental assessment of photocatalytic / photoelectro-chemical systems under practical conditions.