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Journal articles on the topic 'Freshwater'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 May 2024

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1

Dang, Tran, Pham, Khoi, Tran, and Nguyen. "Exploring Freshwater Regimes and Impact Factors in the Coastal Estuaries of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta." Water 11, no. 4 (April 15, 2019): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040782.

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Freshwater resources make an essential contribution to the livelihoods of millions of local people in the coastal estuaries of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). However, coastal freshwaters currently face numerous threats, not least (i) changing tidal dynamics due to sea level rise and (ii) changes in river regimes due to dam construction upstream. This research explores the evolution of freshwater regimes in these coastal estuaries. Using process diagrams, freshwater distributions are mapped and analyzed. Application of statistical methods provides insight into freshwater flow cycles and variations in water regimes upstream at various measurement points within the estuaries. A previously calibrated and validated hydraulic model is used to simulate drought-year scenarios and spatial changes in freshwaters over time. Findings indicate decreasing river discharges in the flood season, but increasing discharges in the dry season, due to the impacts of hydropower dams. In addition, the driest months are shifting earlier. From this data, we derive rules of thumb regarding freshwater distributions in the coastal estuaries of the VMD. These relate to (i) the boundary beyond which freshwater is always found; (ii) the boundary where freshwater appears daily; (iii) the start of the freshwater season; (iii) the boundary where freshwater appears until February and until April; (iv) the end of the flood season; and (v) the number of days without freshwater per year. The trends discerned will help local freshwater users and decision makers formulate forward-looking, flexible strategies for freshwater exploitation, while also providing avenues for further research.

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2

Alahuhta, Janne, Tibor Erős, Olli-Matti Kärnä, Janne Soininen, Jianjun Wang, and Jani Heino. "Understanding environmental change through the lens of trait-based, functional, and phylogenetic biodiversity in freshwater ecosystems." Environmental Reviews 27, no. 2 (June 2019): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2018-0071.

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In the era of the Anthropocene, environmental change is accelerating biodiversity loss across ecosystems on Earth, among which freshwaters are likely the most threatened. Different biodiversity facets in the freshwater realm suffer from various environmental changes that jeopardize the ecosystem functions and services important for humankind. In this work we examine how environmental changes (e.g., climate change, eutrophication, or invasive species) affect trait-based, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of biological communities. We first developed a simple conceptual model of the possible relationships between environmental change and these three diversity facets in freshwaters and, secondly, systematically reviewed articles where these relationships had been investigated in different freshwater ecosystems. Finally, we highlighted research gaps from the perspectives of organisms, ecosystems, stressors, and geographical locations. Our conceptual model suggested that both natural factors and global change operating at various spatial scales influence freshwater community structure and ecosystem functioning. The relationships between biodiversity and environmental change depend on geographical region, organism group, spatial scale, and environmental change gradient length. The systematic review revealed that environmental change impacts biodiversity patterns in freshwaters, but there is no single type of biodiversity response to the observed global changes. Natural stressors had different, even contradictory, effects (i.e., multiple, negative, and positive) on biodiversity compared with anthropogenic stressors. Anthropogenic stressors more often decreased biodiversity, although eutrophication and climate change affected freshwater ecosystems in a complex, more multi-dimensional way. The research gaps we identified were related, for example, to the low number of community-based biodiversity studies, the lack of information on true phylogenies for all freshwater organism groups, the missing evaluations whether species traits are phylogenetically conserved, and the geographical biases in research (i.e., absence of studies from Africa, Southern Asia, and Russia). We hope that our review will stimulate more research on the less well-known facets and topics of biodiversity loss in highly vulnerable freshwater ecosystems.

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3

Haryani, GS. "Migratory freshwater fish in Indonesia: Threats and conservation efforts." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1062, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1062/1/012001.

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Abstract The process of fish migration is one of the most important biological aspects of the life of certain fish species, including fish species that live in freshwaters. In Indonesia’s freshwaters, several types of fish migrate to fulfill parts of their life cycle, such as Anguilla spp., Tor spp., and Rasbora spp., which have economic and ecological values. Fish habitats and migration routes can be affected by many cause changes, including dam constructions, other infrastructure constructions, drainage of wetlands, and floodplain disconnection. Other threats to migratory freshwater fish are overfishing and pollution. In Indonesia, most migratory freshwater fish threats were obstructions to free-flowing rivers, such as dams, and the exploitation of adult fish that migrate for spawning. Some management approaches should conserve and sustain the use of migratory freshwater fish.

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4

Bury, Gwendolynn W., Rebecca Flitcroft, Mark D. Nelson, Ivan Arismendi, and Evan B. Brooks. "Forest-Associated Fishes of the Conterminous United States." Water 13, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 2528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13182528.

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Freshwaters are important, interconnected, and imperiled. Aquatic ecosystems, including freshwater fishes, are closely tied to the terrestrial ecosystems they are embedded within, yet available spatially explicit datasets have been underutilized to determine associations between freshwater fishes and forested areas. Here, we determined the spatial co-occurrence between freshwater fish distributions and forests within 2129 watersheds of the conterminous United States. We identified 21% of freshwater fishes as associated with forested areas, and 2% as strictly present only in highly forested areas (75–100% forested). The northern coasts and southeast regions, both heavily forested, showed the largest numbers of forest-associated fishes in highly forested areas and fish species richness. Fish associated with low-forested areas occurred in the southwest and central plains. Imperiled fishes were relatively evenly distributed among percent forest categories, which was distinctly different from patterns for all fishes. The identification of forest-associated fishes provides insights regarding species-specific landscape contexts. Determining these large-scale patterns of freshwater biodiversity is necessary for conservation planning at regional levels, especially in highly impacted freshwater ecosystems.

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5

Schuler, Matthew S., Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles, William D. Hintz, Brenda Dyack, Sebastian Birk, and Rick A. Relyea. "Regulations are needed to protect freshwater ecosystems from salinization." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1764 (December 3, 2018): 20180019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0019.

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Anthropogenic activities such as mining, agriculture and industrial wastes have increased the rate of salinization of freshwater ecosystems around the world. Despite the known and probable consequences of freshwater salinization, few consequential regulatory standards and management procedures exist. Current regulations are generally inadequate because they are regionally inconsistent, lack legal consequences and have few ion-specific standards. The lack of ion-specific standards is problematic, because each anthropogenic source of freshwater salinization is associated with a distinct set of ions that can present unique social and economic costs. Additionally, the environmental and toxicological consequences of freshwater salinization are often dependent on the occurrence, concentration and ratios of specific ions. Therefore, to protect fresh waters from continued salinization, discrete, ion-specific management and regulatory strategies should be considered for each source of freshwater salinization, using data from standardized, ion-specific monitoring practices. To develop comprehensive monitoring, regulatory, and management guidelines, we recommend the use of co-adaptive, multi-stakeholder approaches that balance environmental, social, and economic costs and benefits associated with freshwater salinization. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects’.

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6

Kianpoor Kalkhajeh, Yusef, Bahman Jabbarian Amiri, Biao Huang, Azad Henareh Khalyani, Wenyou Hu, Hongjian Gao, and Michael L. Thompson. "Methods for Sample Collection, Storage, and Analysis of Freshwater Phosphorus." Water 11, no. 9 (September 11, 2019): 1889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11091889.

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Although phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for biological productivity, it can cause freshwater degradation when present at fairly low concentrations. Monitoring studies using continuous sampling is crucial for documenting P dynamics in freshwater ecosystems and to reduce the risk of eutrophication. Despite literature updates of developments of the analytical methods for measurement of P species in natural waters, there has been no comprehensive review addressing freshwater sample collection, sample preparation, and sample treatment to fractionate and characterize different forms of P. Therefore, this paper aims to elaborate the different techniques for freshwater sampling and to introduce alternative laboratory methods for sample preservation and P fractionation. The advantages and disadvantages of various sampling techniques, including the traditional manual and the recently developed automatic and passive methods, are presented to highlight the importance of collecting representative freshwater samples. Furthermore, we provide suggestions for sample pretreatment, including filtration, transportation, and storage steps to minimize microbial activity and to maximize the accuracy of measurement of various P fractions. Finally, the most common laboratory methods to measure dissolved and particulate as well as the organic and inorganic freshwater P fractions are efficiently provided. Using this guide, a comprehensive monitoring program of P dynamics in freshwater ecosystems can be developed and applied to improve water quality, particularly of P-rich freshwaters.

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7

Ekinadose Orose, Edafe Odioko, and Okechukwu Kenneth Wokeh. "Catalogue of Some Saltwater and Freshwater Fish Species of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 9, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 056–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.9.3.0075.

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The study was done to review some saltwater and freshwater fish species in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The Niger Delta is one of the most prominent regions in Nigeria, endowed with several water bodies that are distributed as freshwater like rivers, lakes, streams and creeks. These freshwater ecosystems in the region, are abundantly endowed with fish species such as Clarias gariepinus, Pila ovate, Labeo coubie, Synodontis budgetti and Synodontis eupterus. Apart from the freshwaters, the region also has vast marine ecosystem with abundance of fish species such as Elops lacerta, Mugil cephalus, Thais coronata, Periophthalmus papilio, Tympanotonus fuscatus, and Sardinella maderensis. Unfortunately, many of these fish species are endangered due to constant pollution in the Niger delta regional coastal environment. As a result, it is important to document some available freshwater and marine water fish species which will serve as a reference material for both academics and research institutions, should any of the fish species go into extinction.

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8

Rachmawati, Farida Nur, and Untung Susilo. "Biochemical composition of tropical eel Anguilla bicolor McClelland,1844 in Freshwater and Estuary." E3S Web of Conferences 322 (2021): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132201008.

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During migration, Anguilla bicolor will stop its feeding activity and use energy from its body lipid stores. Therefore, information on changes in the body lipid content of eels is essential to know the preparation of spawning migration. Thus, it is interesting to study the body composition of A. bicolor in freshwater and estuaries. This research conducted a survey method. The eel was obtained from the Serayu River (freshwaters) and Segara Anakan (Estuary). The observed variables were water, dry weight, lipid, protein, crude fiber, ash, and BETN of eel. Oneway ANOVA analyzed data. The results show that freshwater eels' average body length and weight were 457.875 cm ± 153.8552 and 224.4375 g ± 165.3735. The body length and weight of the estuary eels were smaller than freshwater eels, which are 372.5714 cm ± 152.6467 and 109.6429 g ± 134.6054, respectively. The body composition of eel, except for lipid content, was similar for both habitats (p>0.05). However, the body lipid content of freshwater eels and the estuarine eel differed (p<0.05), namely 40.15% ± 9.63 and 27.33% ± 9.93, respectively. In conclusion, the lipid body content of freshwater eels was higher than the estuary eel, while another is relatively the same.

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9

Kociolek, John P., and Sarah A. Spaulding. "Freshwater diatom biogeography." Nova Hedwigia 71, no. 1-2 (September 3, 2000): 223–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/nova/71/2000/223.

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10

Javornický, Pavel. "Freshwater Rhodomonads (Cryptophyceae)." Algological Studies/Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement Volumes 102 (August 1, 2001): 93–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/algol_stud/102/2001/93.

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11

Fechik, Mariel. "Freshwater." Cream City Review 42, no. 2 (2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ccr.2018.0063.

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12

Kane, Leslie, Virginia Woolf, Lucio P. Ruotolo, and Edward Gorey. "Freshwater." World Literature Today 60, no. 2 (1986): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40141781.

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13

Joy, Mike. "New Zealand’s freshwater disaster." New Zealand Science Review 71, no. 4 (November 22, 2023): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/nzsr.v71.8643.

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Freshwater ecosystems in New Zealand have been under considerable and increasing stress since European colonisation. The draining of ninety per cent of wetlands and the removal of a similar amount of indigenous vegetation cover has placed much strain on the health of freshwater bodies. These changes wrought massive impacts through the loss of the crucial hydrologic and biological functions performed by intact wetland and forest ecosystems. These impacts have been exacerbated by the more recent intensification of farming, with the concomitant addition of excess nutrients and sediment to water as well as the effects of urbanisation and introductions of exotic fish species. The cumulative impacts of all these changes can be seen with declining water physicochemical measures and the biological status of freshwater ecosystems. The most obvious impacts are revealed by biological indicators, with seventy-four per cent of the native freshwater fish species listed as threatened, and ninety per cent of lowland waterways and sixty-two per cent of all waterways failing bathing standards. Lowland lakes are under immense pressure; forty-four per cent of monitored lakes are eutrophic or worse and they are mostly the lowland lakes. The legislative response from central and local government to the obvious declines has failed to halt or even slow the deterioration. In contrast, government initiatives to increase farming intensification mean there is no chance of improvement, and further declines will be the future for New Zealand freshwaters.

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14

Yu, Ao, J. Trevor Vannatta, Stephanie O. Gutierrez, and Dennis J. Minchella. "Opportunity or catastrophe? effect of sea salt on host-parasite survival and reproduction." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 2 (February 24, 2022): e0009524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009524.

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Seawater intrusion associated with decreasing groundwater levels and rising seawater levels may affect freshwater species and their parasites. While brackish water certainly impacts freshwater systems globally, its impact on disease transmission is largely unknown. This study examined the effect of artificial seawater on host-parasite interactions using a freshwater snail host, Biomphalaria alexandrina, and the human trematode parasite Schistosoma mansoni. To evaluate the impact of increasing salinity on disease transmission four variables were analyzed: snail survival, snail reproduction, infection prevalence, and the survival of the parasite infective stage (cercariae). We found a decrease in snail survival, snail egg mass production, and snail infection prevalence as salinity increases. However, cercarial survival peaked at an intermediate salinity value. Our results suggest that seawater intrusion into freshwaters has the potential to decrease schistosome transmission to humans.

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15

Neal, C., S. J. Ormerod, S. J. Langan, T. R. Nisbet, and J. Roberts. "Sustainability of UK forestry: contemporary issues for the protection of freshwaters, a conclusion." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 3 (June 30, 2004): 589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-589-2004.

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Abstract. This paper closes the Special Issue of Hydrology and Earth System Sciences entitled "Sustainability of UK forestry: contemporary issues for the protection of freshwaters" by presenting conclusions from the contributions together with associated research findings. The volume deals largely with issues of upland water quality and biology in the context of environmental research and management. The studies are linked to an array of issues which affect the sustainability of UK forestry in the context of the protection of freshwaters, freshwater ecosystems and freshwater organisms. These issues include atmospheric and climate driven factors (acidification from atmospheric pollutants, critical loads, climate-change and climate variability), forestry practice and hydrobiogeochemical processing both within-catchments and within-rivers. The findings lie within the context of the science and relate to environmental management. Keywords: water quality, forestry, stream ecology, acidification, critical loads, nutrients

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16

Carvalho, Lucélia Nobre, Rafael Arruda, and Jansen Zuanon. "Record of cleaning behavior by Platydoras costatus (Siluriformes: Doradidae) in the Amazon Basin, Brazil." Neotropical Ichthyology 1, no. 2 (December 2003): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252003000200009.

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Records of cleaning symbiosis between freshwater fish are scarce. Here we report on juvenile catfish, Platydoras costatus, cleaning the piscivorous characin Hoplias cf. malabaricus in a stream of the rio Araguaia drainage in the Brazilian Amazon. The scarcity of records on cleaning behavior in freshwater systems seems to be in part a consequence of the few observational studies under natural conditions in the Neotropics. Otherwise, the rareness of this behavior in freshwaters is possibly related to the short evolutionary time available to the fish fauna to develop these complex interactions, when compared to the ocean environment.

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17

Rock, Michael T. "Freshwater Use, Freshwater Scarcity, and Socioeconomic Development." Journal of Environment & Development 7, no. 3 (September 1998): 278–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107049659800700304.

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18

Novitskyi, R. O., L. G. Manilo, V. M. Peskov, and V. Ya Gasso. "Spread and Ecomorphological Modifications of Ratan Goby Ponticola ratan (Gobiiformes: Gobiidae) in the Dnieper Reservoirs (Ukraine)." Hydrobiological Journal 59, no. 2 (2023): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/hydrobj.v59.i2.50.

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The ratan goby <i>Ponticola ratan</i> (Nordmann, 1840) is known as an inhabitant of the marine and brackish waters of the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov and the Caspian Sea. The paper presents data on its recent records in the freshwaters of Ukraine. The morphological features of the ratan goby in freshwater habitats were studied for the first time. Certain differences in morphological features between specimens from the freshwater and marine populations were revealed, probably reflecting adaptation to new freshwater habitats, characterized by more turbid water and other specter of available food. The records of mature specimens in the Dniprovske and Kaniv Reservoirs indicate its active progression upstream the Dnieper River, which enabled to confirm that the species should be considered both euryhaline and amphidromous. At the same time, low abundance of <i>P. ratan</i> in the Dnieper River enabled to consider its status in the fresh waters of Ukraine not as invasive but alien.

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19

Emmerton, Craig A., Vincent L. St. Louis, Igor Lehnherr, Jennifer A. Graydon, Jane L. Kirk, and Kimberly J. Rondeau. "The importance of freshwater systems to the net atmospheric exchange of carbon dioxide and methane with a rapidly changing high Arctic watershed." Biogeosciences 13, no. 20 (October 26, 2016): 5849–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5849-2016.

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Abstract. A warming climate is rapidly changing the distribution and exchanges of carbon within high Arctic ecosystems. Few data exist, however, which quantify exchange of both carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) between the atmosphere and freshwater systems, or estimate freshwater contributions to total catchment exchange of these gases, in the high Arctic. During the summers of 2005 and 2007–2012, we quantified CO2 and CH4 concentrations in, and atmospheric exchange with, common freshwater systems in the high Arctic watershed of Lake Hazen, Nunavut, Canada. We identified four types of biogeochemically distinct freshwater systems in the watershed; however mean CO2 concentrations (21–28 µmol L−1) and atmospheric exchange (−0.013 to +0.046 g C–CO2 m−2 day−1) were similar between these systems. Seasonal flooding of ponds bordering Lake Hazen generated considerable CH4 emissions to the atmosphere (+0.008 g C–CH4 m−2 day−1), while all other freshwater systems were minimal emitters of this gas (< +0.001 g C–CH4 m−2 day−1). When using ecosystem-cover classification mapping and data from previous studies, we found that freshwaters were unimportant contributors to total watershed carbon exchange, in part because they covered less than 10 % of total area in the watershed. High Arctic watersheds are experiencing warmer and wetter climates than in the past, which may have implications for moisture availability, landscape cover, and the exchange of CO2 and CH4 of underproductive but expansive polar semidesert ecosystems.

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20

Cañedo-Argüelles, Miguel, Ben Kefford, and Ralf Schäfer. "Salt in freshwaters: causes, effects and prospects - introduction to the theme issue." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1764 (December 3, 2018): 20180002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0002.

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Humans are globally increasing the salt concentration of freshwaters (i.e. freshwater salinization), leading to significant effects at the population, community and ecosystem level. The present theme issue focuses on priority research questions and delivers results that contribute to shaping the future research agenda on freshwater salinization as well as fostering our capacity to manage salinization. The issue is structured along five topics: (i) the estimation of future salinity and evaluation of the relative contribution of the different drivers; (ii) the physiological responses of organisms to alterations in ion concentrations with a specific focus on the osmophysiology of freshwater insects and the responses of different organisims to seawater intrusion; (iii) the impact of salinization on ecosystem functioning, also considering the connections between riparian and stream ecosystems; (iv) the role of context in moderating the response to salinization. The contributions scrutinise the role of additional stressors, biotic interactions, the identify of the ions and their ratios, as well as of the biogeographic and evolutionary context; and (v) the public discourse on salinization and recommendations for management and regulation. In this paper we introduce the general background of salinization, outline research gaps and report key findings from the contributions to this theme issue. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects’.

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21

Joy, Mike. "Changing Freshwater Management in New Zealand." Policy Quarterly 18, no. 2 (May 20, 2022): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/pq.v18i2.7570.

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Freshwater management policy in New Zealand is currently undergoing major upheaval. It is abundantly clear that the existing policy failed its stated goal, to protect freshwaters for future generations. Therefore, this is a crucial time to look back and see where policy failed so we can avoid repeating the same mistakes. The implementation failures included setting inadequate objectives, failing to monitor outcomes, and failing to adequately enforce even those compromised objectives. Furthermore, there were policy shortcomings, revealed by an almost total failure to deal with the diffuse nature of the biggest environmental impacts.

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22

Hamer, Paul, Angela Henderson, Michael Hutchison, Jodie Kemp, Corey Green, and Pierre Feutry. "Atypical correlation of otolith strontium : calcium and barium : calcium across a marine–freshwater life history transition of a diadromous fish." Marine and Freshwater Research 66, no. 5 (2015): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14001.

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Variation in strontium (Sr) and barium (Ba) within otoliths is invaluable to studies of fish diadromy. Typically, otolith Sr:Ca is positively related to salinity, and the ratios of Ba and Sr to calcium (Ca) vary in opposite directions in relation to salinity. In this study of jungle perch, Kuhlia rupestris, otolith Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca, however, showed the same rapid increase as late-larval stages transitioned directly from a marine to freshwater environment. This transition was indicated by a microstructural check mark on otoliths at 35–45 days age. As expected ambient Sr was lower in the fresh than the marine water, however, low Ca levels (0.4mgL–1) of the freshwater resulted in the Sr:Ca being substantially higher than the marine water. Importantly, the otolith Sr:Ba ratio showed the expected pattern of a decrease from the marine to freshwater stage, illustrating that Sr:Ba provided a more reliable inference of diadromous behaviour based on prior expectations of their relationship to salinity, than did Sr:Ca. The results demonstrate that Ca variation in freshwaters can potentially be an important influence on otolith element:Ca ratios and that inferences of marine–freshwater habitat use from otolith Sr:Ca alone can be problematic without an understanding of water chemistry.

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23

Álvarez, Francisco S., Derick Herrerea, and Arturo Angulo. "First record of the highfin goby Gobionellus oceanicus (Gobiiformes: Gobiidae) in Costa Rican freshwaters." UNED Research Journal 10, no. 2 (September 21, 2018): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/urj.v10i2.2169.

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The highfin goby Gobionelus oceanicus is herein reported for the first time in freshwaters of Costa Rica. One specimen was collected in the lower Pacuare River basin, Atlantic slope, Costa Rica. This new record brings the total number of Costa Rican native freshwater fish species to 253.

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24

Berrill, Michael, D. M. Holdich, and R. S. Lowery. "Freshwater Crayfish." Journal of Crustacean Biology 9, no. 3 (August 1989): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1548578.

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25

Bransby, Thomas. "Books: Freshwater." British Journal of General Practice 70, no. 692 (February 27, 2020): 135.2–135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp20x708713.

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26

Harold, Simon. "Freshwater stressors." Nature Ecology & Evolution 6, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01666-6.

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27

Perkins, Sid. "Freshwater Finds." Science News 153, no. 2 (January 10, 1998): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4010092.

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28

Mauritzen, Cecilie. "Arctic freshwater." Nature Geoscience 5, no. 3 (February 28, 2012): 162–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1409.

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29

Wojahn, David. "Freshwater Bay." Ecotone 4, no. 1-2 (2008): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2008.0076.

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30

Henrikcson, L., A. Hindar, and E. Th�rnel�f. "Freshwater liming." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 85, no. 1 (1995): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00483695.

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31

Hewitt, Paul. "FRESHWATER, SALTWATER." Physics Teacher 55, no. 6 (September 2017): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.4999726.

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32

Luo, Zong-Long, Kevin D. Hyde, Jian-Kui (Jack) Liu, Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura, Rajesh Jeewon, Dan-Feng Bao, Darbhe Jayarama Bhat, et al. "Freshwater Sordariomycetes." Fungal Diversity 99, no. 1 (November 2019): 451–660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00438-1.

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Abstract Sordariomycetes is one of the largest classes of Ascomycota that comprises a highly diverse range of fungi mainly characterized by perithecial ascomata and inoperculate unitunicate asci. Freshwater Sordariomycetes play an important role in ecosystems and some of them have the potential to produce bioactive compounds. This study documents and reviews the freshwater Sordariomycetes, which is one of the largest and important groups of fungi in aquatic habitats. Based on evidence from DNA sequence data and morphology, we introduce a new order Distoseptisporales, two new families, viz. Ceratosphaeriaceae and Triadelphiaceae, three new genera, viz. Aquafiliformis, Dematiosporium and Neospadicoides, 47 new species, viz. Acrodictys fluminicola, Aquafiliformis lignicola, Aquapteridospora fusiformis, Arthrinium aquaticum, Ascosacculus fusiformis, Atractospora aquatica, Barbatosphaeria lignicola, Ceratosphaeria aquatica, C. lignicola, Chaetosphaeria aquatica, Ch. catenulata, Ch. guttulata, Ch. submersa, Codinaea yunnanensis, Conioscypha aquatica, C. submersa, Cordana aquatica, C. lignicola, Cosmospora aquatica, Cylindrotrichum submersum, Dematiosporium aquaticum, Dictyochaeta cangshanensis, D. ellipsoidea, D. lignicola, D. submersa, Distoseptispora appendiculata, D. lignicola, D. neorostrata, D. obclavata, Hypoxylon lignicola, Lepteutypa aquatica, Myrmecridium aquaticum, Neospadicoides aquatica, N. lignicola, N. yunnanensis, Ophioceras submersum, Peroneutypa lignicola, Phaeoisaria filiformis, Pseudostanjehughesia lignicola, Rhodoveronaea aquatica, Seiridium aquaticum, Sporidesmiella aquatica, Sporidesmium lageniforme, S. lignicola, Tainosphaeria lunata, T. obclavata, Wongia aquatica, two new combinations, viz. Acrodictys aquatica, Cylindrotrichum aquaticum, and 9 new records, viz. Chaetomium globosum, Chaetosphaeria cubensis, Ch. myriocarpa, Cordana abramovii, Co. terrestris, Cuspidatispora xiphiago, Sporidesmiella hyalosperma, Stachybotrys chartarum,S. chlorohalonata. A comprehensive classification of the freshwater Sordariomycetes is presented based on updated literature. Phylogenetic inferences based on DNA sequence analyses of a combined LSU, SSU, RPB2 and TEF1α dataset comprising species of freshwater Sordariomycetes are provided. Detailed information including their habitats distribution, diversity, holotype, specimens collected and classification are provided.

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33

Johnson, H. T. "Freshwater crayfish." Fisheries Research 3 (January 1985): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(85)90020-7.

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34

Copestake, Philip. "Freshwater quality." Food and Chemical Toxicology 30, no. 12 (December 1992): 1075–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(92)90124-4.

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35

Laybourn-Parry, Johanna. "Freshwater Microbiology." Freshwater Biology 51, no. 10 (October 2006): 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01603.x.

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36

Greenhalgh, M. "FRESHWATER FISH." Journal of Fish Biology 56, no. 6 (June 2000): 1565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jfbi.2000.1247.

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37

Xia, Han, Tianxian Li, Fei Deng, and Zhihong Hu. "Freshwater cyanophages." Virologica Sinica 28, no. 5 (September 28, 2013): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12250-013-3370-1.

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38

Northcote, T. G. "Freshwater ecosystems." GeoJournal 28, no. 1 (September 1992): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00216401.

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39

Dolan, John. "Freshwater Ecosystems." Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin 23, no. 4 (November 2014): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lob.201423490a.

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40

Carrizo, Savrina F., Sonja C. Jähnig, Vanessa Bremerich, Jörg Freyhof, Ian Harrison, Fengzhi He, Simone D. Langhans, Klement Tockner, Christiane Zarfl, and William Darwall. "Freshwater Megafauna: Flagships for Freshwater Biodiversity under Threat." BioScience 67, no. 10 (September 20, 2017): 919–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix099.

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41

Pochelon, Alexis, Serge Stoll, and Vera I. Slaveykova. "Polystyrene Nanoplastic Behavior and Toxicity on Crustacean Daphnia magna: Media Composition, Size, and Surface Charge Effects." Environments 8, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments8100101.

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Concerns about the possible ecotoxicological implications of nano-sized plastic materials in the freshwater environment are growing with the increasing use of plastic materials. The present study focuses on the behavior and effects of amidine-functionalized polystyrene (NPLs) of 20, 40, 60, and 100-nm-size in freshwaters and different synthetic media. Daphnia magna was exposed to increasing concentrations from 0.5 to 30 mg/L (and from 0.5 to 100 mg/L for 100-nm-sized NPLs). The results revealed no significant aggregation in ultra-pure water, culture media, and synthetic water. In the presence of natural organic matter, NPLs of 20 and 40 nm displayed better stability in both freshwater and synthetic media, whereas a significant aggregation of 60 and 100 nm PS NPLs was found. All the studied PS NPLs with size between 20 and 100 nm exhibited acute toxicity to D. magna. The observed 48-h immobilization strongly depended on the primary size of PS NPLs, with 20 and 40-nm-size PS NPLs inducing a stronger effect in both freshwaters and synthetic media. Water quality variables such as pH, cation and anion composition, and DOC were of secondary importance. The results of the present study confirmed the toxicity of NPLs of different sizes to crustaceans in natural freshwater and synthetic media and demonstrated the importance of the primary size of NPLs in the behavior and effects of NPLs.

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42

Bytyqi, Valbon, and Tropikë Agaj. "Spatio-temporal distribution of renewable freshwater resources and their availability in Kosovo—an analysis from the Eastern Region." Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society 50 (April 4, 2024): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jbgs.e115814.

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The study aims to analyze the availability of renewable freshwater resources and their spatiotemporal distribution in the Eastern Region of Kosovo (ERK). As a crucible resource for agricultural, industrial, and commercial activities, water scarcity will lead to water shortages. Kosovo is a landlocked country, and ERK is the most important region for industrial activities (coal, mines) and agricultural use (plains). Located in continental climate conditions, surrounded by middle to high-altitude mountains, the region does not have a favorable spatio-temporal distribution of freshwaters. The determination of the water resources is based on the amount of surface runoff, which being divided per capita, gives indications of the water resources of a region (catchment). For our aims, main river discharge and population statistics are used to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution and availability of renewable freshwater in ERK. Falkenmark Freshwater Indicator with 1.483 m³/capita/year shows that ERK lies under water scarcity, and existing water reservoirs offer low security for water withdrawals, and further reservoirs would prevent water scarcity in the region.

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43

Kaushal, Sujay S., Gene E. Likens, Michael L. Pace, Shahan Haq, Kelsey L. Wood, Joseph G. Galella, Carol Morel, et al. "Novel ‘chemical cocktails' in inland waters are a consequence of the freshwater salinization syndrome." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1764 (December 3, 2018): 20180017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0017.

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Widespread changes in water temperatures, salinity, alkalinity and pH have been documented in inland waters in North America, which influence ion exchange, weathering rates, chemical solubility and contaminant toxicity. Increasing major ion concentrations from pollution, human-accelerated weathering and saltwater intrusion contribute to multiple ecological stressors such as changing ionic strength and pH and mobilization of chemical mixtures resulting in the freshwater salinization syndrome (FSS). Here, we explore novel combinations of elements, which are transported together as chemical mixtures containing salts, nutrients and metals as a consequence of FSS. First, we show that base cation concentrations have increased in regions primarily in North America and Europe over 100 years. Second, we show interactions between specific conductance, pH, nitrate and metals using data from greater than 20 streams located in different regions of the USA. Finally, salinization experiments and routine monitoring demonstrate mobilization of chemical mixtures of cations, metals and nutrients in 10 streams draining the Washington, DC–Baltimore, MD metropolitan regions. Freshwater salinization mobilizes diverse chemical mixtures influencing drinking water quality, infrastructure corrosion, freshwater CO 2 concentrations and biodiversity. Most regulations currently target individual contaminants, but FSS requires managing mobilization of multiple chemical mixtures and interacting ecological stressors as consequences of freshwater salinization. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects’.

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Schulz, Claus-Jürgen, and Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles. "Lost in translation: the German literature on freshwater salinization." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1764 (December 3, 2018): 20180007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0007.

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Human activities have globally increased and altered the ion concentration of freshwater ecosystems. The proliferation of potash mines in Germany (especially intense in the early 1900s) constitutes a good example of it. The effluents and runoff coming from potash mines led to extreme salt concentrations (e.g. 72 g l–1of total salt content, approx. 149 mS cm–1) in surrounding rivers and streams, causing ecosystem degradation (e.g. massive algal blooms and fish kills). This promoted scientific research that was mostly published in German, thereby being neglected by the wide scientific community. Here, the findings of the German literature on freshwater salinization are discussed in the light of current knowledge. German studies revealed that at similar ion concentrations potassium (K+) can be the most toxic ion to freshwater organisms, whereas calcium (Ca2+) could have a toxicity ameliorating effect. Also, they showed that salinization could lead to biodiversity loss, major shifts in the composition of aquatic communities (e.g. dominance of salt-tolerant algae, proliferation of invasive species) and alter organic matter processing. The biological degradation caused by freshwater salinization related to potash mining has important management implications, e.g. it could prevent many European rivers and streams from reaching the good ecological status demanded by the Water Framework Directive. Within this context, German publications show several examples of salinity thresholds and biological indices that could be useful to monitor and regulate salinization (i.e. developing legally enforced salinity and ion-specific standards). They also provide potential management techniques (i.e. brine collection and disposal) and some estimates of the economic costs of freshwater salinization. Overall, the German literature on freshwater salinization provides internationally relevant information that has rarely been cited by the English literature. We suggest that the global editorial and scientific community should take action to make important findings published in non-English literature more widely available.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects’.

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Mic-Soare, Cristiana, and Stelian-Mihai Mic. "Climate change impact on the quality of freshwater resources and waste management in the context of 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 15, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 444–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2021-0041.

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Abstract The importance of the effects of climate change has been emphasized on a variety of levels and from a number of different perspectives: on a country, regional or international level; affecting agriculture, energy, tourism, shipping, economic activities, various ecosystems as well as human health. It has been repeatedly recognized that climate change has a significant impact on freshwaters, including on their quality, availability and sustainability. From a different perspective, that of the circular economy, management strategies applied in respect to freshwaters have a direct impact on the climate. At the same time, improper waste management has a very high negative contribution to the latest climate changes, on one hand, and on the quality and availability of freshwater resources, on the other hand. Nevertheless, how all the three different above-mentioned elements – climate change, freshwater resources and waste management – are linked in the context of 2030 Agenda on sustainable development is yet to be thoroughly discussed in the scientific literature in the field of environmental law. Thus, by analysing a sample of the legal doctrine contributions published starting from 2016, as well as several official documents issued by the United Nations, we aimed to establish if all the three above-mentioned elements are interlinked and how they impact each other. As a result, we determined that there is a clear necessity for states to take unified measures to address climate change, protection and management of the freshwater resources and consistent waste management in the context of the Sustainable development goals (SDGs) introduced by the 2030 Agenda.

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46

ECONOMOU, A. N., S. GIAKOUMI, L. VARDAKAS, R. BARBIERI, M. ΤΗ STOUMBOUDI, and S. ZOGARIS. "The freshwater ichthyofauna of Greece - an update based on a hydrographic basin survey." Mediterranean Marine Science 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2007): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.164.

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Distribution records (historical, contemporary) for native and non-native freshwater fish species from 105 hydrographic basin areas were compiled and analysed in order to develop a nation-wide inventory (including transboundary river basins). Overall, 162 species, including diadromous and euryhaline, with documented occurrence records in freshwaters, and taxa of unclarified taxonomic status, are accommodated in the distributional compilation. An annotated checklist summarises the confirmed ichthyofauna of Greek freshwaters (161 species); a provisional supplementary list contains species recorded in brackish waters (55 species). In comparison to the last published (1991) checklist of freshwater fish of Greece, the present checklist shows an increase in species number of 53% (56 species). This increase has resulted mainly from taxonomic re-evaluations of existing taxa on the basis of new information and adoption of a new systematic concept. The current trend, as reflected in recent ichthyological publications, is towards abandonment of the biological species concept (BSC) and adoption of the phylogenetic species concept (PSC) for the delineation of species boundaries. The practical implications of the change in species concept on biodiversity conservation and watershed management are discussed. An overview of the composition and characteristics of the freshwater fish fauna of Greece is provided, especially with regard to the native and introduced status of species, and the spatial patterns of species richness and endemism. This systematic inventory may assist in efforts to develop nation-wide surface water bioassessment tools within the demands of the Water Framework Directive (WFD); it may further promote biodiversity conservation and biologically-orientated fishery management approaches.

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Yoh, Muneoki, Hisayoshi Terai, and Yatsuka Saijo. "Nitrous oxide in freshwater lakes." Archiv für Hydrobiologie 113, no. 2 (August 26, 1988): 273–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/113/1988/273.

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Klochenko, Peter D., Irina A. Elanskaya, Tatyana F. Shevchenko, and Elena V. Sokolova. "Antifungal activity of freshwater cyanobacteria." Algological Studies/Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement Volumes 103 (December 3, 2001): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/algol_stud/103/2001/143.

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49

Stoermer, Eugene. "Freshwater Ecology Periphyton of Freshwater Ecosystems R. G. Wetzel." BioScience 35, no. 1 (January 1985): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1310091.

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Bogan, Arthur E. "Global diversity of freshwater mussels (Mollusca, Bivalvia) in freshwater." Hydrobiologia 595, no. 1 (December 18, 2007): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9011-7.

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