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Maroo, S., and D. W. Yalden. "The Mesolithic mammal fauna of Great Britain." Mammal Review 30, no. 3-4 (December 2000): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2907.2000.00073.x.
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KELLER, REUBEN P., PHILINE S. E. ZU ERMGASSEN, and DAVID C. ALDRIDGE. "Vectors and Timing of Freshwater Invasions in Great Britain." Conservation Biology 23, no. 6 (December 2009): 1526–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01249.x.
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Hughes, S., M. Aprahamian, J. D. Armstrong, R. Gardiner, and N. Milner. "Status of freshwater fish habitat science in Great Britain." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 4, no. 4 (December 2001): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/146349801317276062.
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Palatov, D. M., and A. M. Sokolova. "Freshwater sponges and their associated invertebrates in the Great Lakes Basin (Mongolia)." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 7, no. 4 (December 29, 2017): 635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2017_172.
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The Great Lakes Depression is a large semi-arid region, whose freshwater invertebrate fauna is poorly known. Examining 37 waterbodies, we found freshwater sponges Eunapius fragilis and Spongilla lacustris (fragments) in the only one small river. Invertebrate species complex found on the sponges comprises nine species, their contribution to the assemblage was assessed by the metabolic intensity index.
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Reading, A. J., J. R. Britton, G. D. Davies, A. P. Shinn, and C. F. Williams. "Introduction and spread of non-native parasites with Silurus glanis L. (Teleostei: Siluridae) in UK fisheries." Journal of Helminthology 86, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 510–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x11000642.
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AbstractDespite growing concern of the ecological risks posed by the European catfish Siluris glanis L. in freshwater fisheries, little information exists on the parasite fauna of this silurid catfish in Britain. Parasitological examinations of released S. glanis from four still-water fisheries in England revealed the presence of Thaparocleidus vistulensis (Siwak, 1932) and Ergasilus sieboldi (Nordmann, 1832), both non-native parasites, the latter known to be an important fish pathogen. This represents the first record of T. vistulensis from British freshwater fish. The human-assisted movement of S. glanis between UK recreational still-water fisheries provides a clear avenue for the introduction and spread of non-native parasites.
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Wood, Claire M., Jamie Alison, Marc S. Botham, Annette Burden, François Edwards, R. Angus Garbutt, Paul B. L. George, et al. "Integrated ecological monitoring in Wales: the Glastir Monitoring and Evaluation Programme field survey." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 8 (August 26, 2021): 4155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4155-2021.
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Abstract. The Glastir Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (GMEP) ran from 2013 until 2016 and was probably the most comprehensive programme of ecological study ever undertaken at a national scale in Wales. The programme aimed to (1) set up an evaluation of the environmental effects of the Glastir agri-environment scheme and (2) quantify environmental status and trends across the wider countryside of Wales. The focus was on outcomes for climate change mitigation, biodiversity, soil and water quality, woodland expansion, and cultural landscapes. As such, GMEP included a large field-survey component, collecting data on a range of elements including vegetation, land cover and use, soils, freshwaters, birds, and insect pollinators from up to three-hundred 1 km survey squares throughout Wales. The field survey capitalised upon the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH) Countryside Survey of Great Britain, which has provided an extensive set of repeated, standardised ecological measurements since 1978. The design of both GMEP and the UKCEH Countryside Survey involved stratified-random sampling of squares from a 1 km grid, ensuring proportional representation from land classes with distinct climate, geology and physical geography. Data were collected from different land cover types and landscape features by trained professional surveyors, following standardised and published protocols. Thus, GMEP was designed so that surveys could be repeated at regular intervals to monitor the Welsh environment, including the impacts of agri-environment interventions. One such repeat survey is scheduled for 2021 under the Environment and Rural Affairs Monitoring & Modelling Programme (ERAMMP). Data from GMEP have been used to address many applied policy questions, but there is major potential for further analyses. The precise locations of data collection are not publicly available, largely for reasons of landowner confidentiality. However, the wide variety of available datasets can be (1) analysed at coarse spatial resolutions and (2) linked to each other based on square-level and plot-level identifiers, allowing exploration of relationships, trade-offs and synergies. This paper describes the key sets of raw data arising from the field survey at co-located sites (2013 to 2016). Data from each of these survey elements are available with the following digital object identifiers (DOIs): Landscape features (Maskell et al., 2020a–c), https://doi.org/10.5285/82c63533-529e-47b9-8e78-51b27028cc7f, https://doi.org/10.5285/9f8d9cc6-b552-4c8b-af09-e92743cdd3de, https://doi.org/10.5285/f481c6bf-5774-4df8-8776-c4d7bf059d40; Vegetation plots (Smart et al., 2020), https://doi.org/10.5285/71d3619c-4439-4c9e-84dc-3ca873d7f5cc; Topsoil physico-chemical properties (Robinson et al., 2019), https://doi.org/10.5285/0fa51dc6-1537-4ad6-9d06-e476c137ed09; Topsoil meso-fauna (Keith et al., 2019), https://doi.org/10.5285/1c5cf317-2f03-4fef-b060-9eccbb4d9c21; Topsoil particle size distribution (Lebron et al., 2020), https://doi.org/10.5285/d6c3cc3c-a7b7-48b2-9e61-d07454639656; Headwater stream quality metrics (Scarlett et al., 2020a), https://doi.org/10.5285/e305fa80-3d38-4576-beef-f6546fad5d45; Pond quality metrics (Scarlett et al., 2020b), https://doi.org/10.5285/687b38d3-2278-41a0-9317-2c7595d6b882; Insect pollinator and flower data (Botham et al., 2020), https://doi.org/10.5285/3c8f4e46-bf6c-4ea1-9340-571fede26ee8; and Bird counts (Siriwardena et al., 2020), https://doi.org/10.5285/31da0a94-62be-47b3-b76e-4bdef3037360.
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Schwarzhans, Werner. "Fish otoliths from the lower Tertiary of Ellesmere Island." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 23, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 787–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e86-080.
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Fish otoliths of five species are present in lower Tertiary (Paleocene to Lower Eocene) rocks at Strathcona Fiord, Ellesmere Island. Two species are new, one is conspecific with a species known from the Lower Eocene of southern England, and two remain in open nomenclature.Paleobiogeographic and other implications of the fauna are that first, there is no resemblance to central European faunas; second, there is a resemblance to northern European faunas from Great Britain and the Soviet Union, pointing to cooler climatic conditions; and third, composition of the fauna suggests the prevalence of deeper shelf conditions.
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Allen, Adrian, Jimena Guerrero, Andrew Byrne, John Lavery, Eleanor Presho, Emily Courcier, James O'Keeffe, et al. "Genetic evidence further elucidates the history and extent of badger introductions from Great Britain into Ireland." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 4 (April 2020): 200288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200288.
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The colonization of Ireland by mammals has been the subject of extensive study using genetic methods and forms a central problem in understanding the phylogeography of European mammals after the Last Glacial Maximum. Ireland exhibits a depauperate mammal fauna relative to Great Britain and continental Europe, and a range of natural and anthropogenic processes have given rise to its modern fauna. Previous Europe-wide surveys of the European badger ( Meles meles ) have found conflicting microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA evidence in Irish populations, suggesting Irish badgers have arisen from admixture between human imported British and Scandinavian animals. The extent and history of contact between British and Irish badger populations remains unclear. We use comprehensive genetic data from Great Britain and Ireland to demonstrate that badgers in Ireland's northeastern and southeastern counties are genetically similar to contemporary British populations. Simulation analyses suggest this admixed population arose in Ireland 600–700 (CI 100–2600) years before present most likely through introduction of British badgers by people. These findings add to our knowledge of the complex colonization history of Ireland by mammals and the central role of humans in facilitating it.
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Choudhury, A., M. García-Varela, and G. Pérez-Ponce de León. "Parasites of freshwater fishes and the Great American Biotic Interchange: a bridge too far?" Journal of Helminthology 91, no. 2 (July 4, 2016): 174–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x16000407.
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AbstractWe examine the extent to which adult helminths of freshwater fishes have been part of the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI), by integrating information in published studies and new data from Panama with fish biogeography and Earth history of Middle America. The review illustrates the following: (1) the helminth fauna south of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, and especially south of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, shows strong Neotropical affinities; (2) host–parasite associations follow principles of the ‘biogeographic core fauna’ in which host-lineage specificity is pronounced; (3) phylogenetic analysis of the widespread freshwater trematode family Allocreadiidae reveals a complex history of host-shifting and co-diversification involving mainly cyprinodontiforms and characids; (4) allocreadiids, monogeneans and spiruridan nematodes of Middle American cyprinodontiforms may provide clues to the evolutionary history of their hosts; and (5) phylogenetic analyses of cryptogonimid trematodes may reveal whether or how cichlids interacted with marine or brackish-water environments during their colonization history. The review shows that ‘interchange’ is limited and asymmetrical, but simple narratives of northward isthmian dispersal will likely prove inadequate to explain the historical biogeography of many host–parasite associations in tropical Middle America, particularly those involving poeciliids. Finally, our study highlights the urgent need for targeted survey work across Middle America, focused sampling in river drainages of Colombia and Venezuela, and deeper strategic sampling in other parts of South America, in order to develop and test robust hypotheses about fish–parasite associations in Middle America.
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WHITESIDE, D. I., and J. E. A. MARSHALL. "The age, fauna and palaeoenvironment of the Late Triassic fissure deposits of Tytherington, South Gloucestershire, UK." Geological Magazine 145, no. 1 (September 17, 2007): 105–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756807003925.
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AbstractImportant vertebrate faunas occur in fissure deposits of Late Triassic–Jurassic age in SW Britain. Although the faunas are well described, their age and palaeoenvironment remain poorly understood. One such fissure system was documented in detail during quarrying operations at Tytherington and has yieldedin situpalynomorphs that add much information concerning its age and palaeoenvironment. Significantly, the Tytherington fauna is of the sauropsid type that has generally been dated as Norian or pre-Penarth Group transgression and was also regarded as representing a distinct upland fauna. The palynomorphs, which include a significant marine component, demonstrate that the Tytherington Triassic fissures are infilled with Late Triassic (Rhaetian) sediments that match specific levels in the Westbury Formation. In addition, many of the Tytherington solutional fissures probably formed during the Rhaetian and are consistent with a fluctuating saline to freshwater environment. There is noprima facieevidence of solutional formation and infilling of the reptile-bearing deposits before the Rhaetian trangression. The fissure reptile fauna, which includes the early dinosaurThecodontosaurus, inhabited a small fire-swept limestone island in the Rhaetian sea. The features of the herpetofauna are entirely consistent with this island model which has Quaternary analogues.
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Ostojic, Aleksandar. "New and rare taxa of freshwater zooplankton in the fauna of Yugoslavia." Archives of Biological Sciences 54, no. 3-4 (2002): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs0204087o.
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Analysis of the faunistic composition of Zooplankton in two reservoirs for watersupply nearby Kragujevac indicated a relatively great diversity. Qualitative analysis of Zooplankton composition in the Grosnica reservoir demonstrated the presence of 105 laxa, whereas somewhat fewer taxa (99) were recorded in the Gruza reservoir. Most of the taxa recorded in both reservoirs are cosmopolitan organisms. Small number of recorded taxa have been rarely registered in the territory of Serbia till present. The following species from the group of Rotatoria can be mentioned as being probably found for the first time in waters of our country: Dicranophorus rostralus, Philodina aadicomis and Trichocerca jenningsi. All three of these species were recorded only in the Grosnica reservoir. Only inspection of the complete literature on Zooplankton in our country could confirm with certainty that the Grosnica reservoir is the first record of these three species in the territory of Serbia. However, even such data as our represents a contribution to the knowledge on diversity of the Zooplankton fauna of Serbia.
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Arunkumar, Anbu Aravazhi, and Arunachalam Manimekalan. "Freshwater fish fauna of rivers of the southern Western Ghats, India." Earth System Science Data 10, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 1735–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1735-2018.
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Abstract. The Western Ghats of India is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is one of the eight “hotspots” of biological diversity in the world. It is also referred to as the “Great Escarpment of India”. This paper provides information on the diversity of freshwater fish fauna of six river systems of the southern Western Ghats. The study area has been identified geographically using a GPS, and the respective topographic map has been digitized using ArcGIS software. The fish fauna were collected from various streams and rivers using cast nets, dip nets, gill nets and drag nets. Among the 31 georeferenced sites sampled from the rivers of the southern Western Ghats, a total of 64 species, belonging to 6 orders, 14 families and 31 genera, were recorded. Among them, the order Cypriniformes was dominant, with 3 families, 18 genera and 49 species (76.6 %). Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were performed to express the contribution of the variables and their influence on the species diversity. Interestingly, of the 31 sites, Thunakadavu stream, Gulithuraipatti, Athirapally, Naduthotam, Nadathittu, Mullaithodu, Thonanthikla, Noolpuzha and Sinnaru exhibited high variation in species diversity. Nearly 15 species were found to be threatened in the Western Ghats. Garra periyarensis and Cirrhinus cirrhosus are known to be vulnerable and Hemibagrus punctatus is critically endangered because of various anthropogenic activities. The study clearly indicates that certain timely measures have to be taken immediately to protect the fish fauna in the southern Western Ghats (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.882214).
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Grande, Lance, Li Guo-Qing, and Mark VH Wilson. "Amia cf. pattersoni from the Paleocene Paskapoo Formation of Alberta." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37, no. 1 (April 1, 2000): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e99-102.
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A well-prepared anterior half of an amiid skull from the Late Paleocene Paskapoo Formation of south-central Alberta is described. The specimen is either very closely related to, or conspecific with, Amia pattersoni Grande and Bemis, 1998, from the Early Eocene Green River Formation of Wyoming. We leave the specimen as Amia cf. pattersoni until additional material is found to further clarify its relationships. Amia cf. pattersoni is the oldest known specimen clearly identifiable as belonging to the genus Amia (sensu Grande and Bemis, 1998), and the Paskapoo species extends the known geographic range of Amia both northward and westward. The fish assemblage of the Paskapoo Formation represents the most diverse freshwater Paleocene fish fauna known from North America. Based on comparisons of sample size and relative taxonomic diversity to the better known Green River Formation localities of Wyoming, we predict that further collecting will substantially increase the known diversity of the Paskapoo fauna. The Paskapoo Formation, therefore, has great potential to continue adding to the meager knowledge of pre-Eocene freshwater teleost diversity in North America.
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MATAMOROS, WILFREDO A., JACOB F. SCHAEFER, and BRIAN R. KREISER. "Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of continental and insular Honduras." Zootaxa 2307, no. 1 (December 9, 2009): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2307.1.1.
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The freshwater fishes of Honduras were surveyed for a period of four years (2005–2008). Surveys were supplemented with both literature and museum collection reviews. Our results show that there are at least 172 species of fishes inhabiting Honduran mainland and insular freshwater systems, 166 native and six exotic. Primary freshwater fish diversity was low, with only eigth species (4.8%). The remaining species were either secondary freshwater (47 species, 28.3%) or peripheral (111 species, 66.9%). This checklist includes 36 new records for Honduras, and 12 range expansions. Nine species were found to be endemic; however, just two of them (Amphilophus hogaboomorum and Theraps wesseli) are already described. The depauperate primary freshwater fishes fauna of Honduras (8) is congruent with low primary freshwater fishes diversity found in the region between the Usumacinta River and the Nicaraguan great lakes. Although many previously unsampled regions of Honduras were visited as part of this project, there are a variety of remote areas that remain unstudied. While this paper contributes much to the understanding of the distribution and diversity of Honduran freshwater fishes, it is likely that much diversity there remains undocumented.
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Barros, Rodolfo Corrêa de. "Tardigrades Research in Brazil: an overview and updated checklist." Arquivos de Zoologia 51, no. 1 (June 5, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/2176-7793/2020.51.01.
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Tardigrades are microscopic animals, commonly referred to as “water bears”, and comprise the phylum Tardigrada. They are found in diverse habitats in terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments worldwide. In this paper, it is presented a brief history of the study of tardigrades in Brazil and an updated species checklist of Brazilian tardigrades. Since the first report in 1913, the number of tardigrades records has increased, reflecting advances in the understanding the diversity of tardigrades in Brazil. A total of 100 species known from Brazil are listed, being 30 in marine and 70 in terrestrial and freshwater environments. The records are concentrated in Southeast (47.1%) and Northeast (41.3%) regions. Despite the advances, further research and sampling of new areas is still needed, besides reanalysis and confirmation of old records. Brazil, with its vast territory, extensive continental shelf and great diversity of biomes, has great potential to expand our knowledge of tardigrades fauna.
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Esch, G. W., C. R. Kennedy, A. O. Bush, and J. M. Aho. "Patterns in helminth communities in freshwater fish in Great Britain: alternative strategies for colonization." Parasitology 96, no. 3 (June 1988): 519–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118200008015x.
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SUMMARYExamples of the apparently stochastic nature of freshwater fish helminth communities illustrating the erratic and unpredictable occurrence and distribution of many species are provided for six species of fish from several localities throughout Britain. By focussing on parasite colonization strategies two categories of helminths are recognized: autogenic species which mature in fish and allogenic species which mature in vertebrates other than fish and have a greater colonization potential and ability. Three groups of fish are distinguished: salmonids, in which helminth communities are generally dominated by autogenic species which are also responsible for most of the similarity within and between localities; cyprinids, in which they are dominated by allogenic species which are also responsible for most of the similarity within and between localities; and anguillids, whose helminth communities exhibit intermediate features with neither category consistently dominating nor providing a clear pattern of similarity. Recognition and appreciation of the different colonization strategies of autogenic and allogenic helminths in respect of host vagility and ability to cross land or sea barriers and break down habitat isolation, and their period of residence in a locality, whether transient or permanent, provides an understanding of, and explanation for, the observed patchy spatial distribution of many helminths. Comparison with other parts of the world indicates that colonization is a major determinant of helminth community structure.
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Gain, Bibha Ishwar, and Rajlaxmi Ranrag Kulkarni. "Study on diversity of Odonata (Dragonflies and Damselflies) fauna of Lohara lake, District-Chandrapur (M.S), India." Environment Conservation Journal 25, no. 2 (January 10, 2024): 384–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.26622640.
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Odonates are prominent freshwater insects and play a crucial role in ecosystem functioning as biological indicator of environmental quality. The expansion of urban areas in combination with climate change places great pressure on species found in freshwater habitats. Odonata are iconic freshwater organisms due to their large body sizes and striking coloration. Odonata are hemimetabolous insects, the aquatic larva or nymph hatches from an egg, develops instars before leaving the water and emerging as the winged imago. Thermal tolerance affects Odonates physiology like life process such as growth rate, immune system and pigment. The study was carried out for 12 months from January 2022 to December 2022 in and around Lohara Lake. The objective of this study is to assess the diversity of Odonata species and the impact of temperature on two Odonates families Libelluidae and Coenagrionidae in Lohara Lake. In the present investigation, total 12 species were identified belonging to 11 genera and 2 families. Anisoptera (dragonflies) dominant over Zygoptera (damselflies). Among Anisoptera, 8 species belong to family Libelluidae and in Zygoptera, 4 species belong to family Coenagrionidae.The minimum and maximum temperature of the site was 16°C and 44°C, respectively.
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Hodges, K., S. Donnellan, and A. Georges. "Significant genetic structure despite high vagility revealed through mitochondrial phylogeography of an Australian freshwater turtle (Chelodina longicollis)." Marine and Freshwater Research 66, no. 11 (2015): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14102.
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Restriction to the freshwater environment plays a dominant role in the population genetic structure of freshwater fauna. In taxa with adaptations for terrestriality, however, the restrictions on dispersal imposed by drainage divides may be overcome. We investigate the mitochondrial phylogeographic structure of the eastern long-necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis), a widespread Australian freshwater obligate with strong overland dispersa\l capacity and specific adaptations to terrestriality. We predict that such characteristics make this freshwater species a strong candidate to test how life-history traits can drive gene flow and interbasin connectivity, overriding the constraining effects imposed by hydrological boundaries. Contrary to expectations, and similar to low-vagility freshwater vertebrates, we found two ancient mitochondrial haplogroups with clear east–west geographic partitioning either side of the Great Dividing Range. Each haplogroup is characterised by complex genetic structure, demographically stable subpopulations, and signals of isolation by distance. This pattern is overlaid with signatures of recent gene flow, likely facilitated by late Pleistocene and ongoing anthropogenic landscape change. We demonstrate that the divergent effects of landscape history can overwhelm the homogenising effects of life-history traits that connect populations, even in a highly vagile species.
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Harris, Paul, and Steve Juggins. "Estimating Freshwater Acidification Critical Load Exceedance Data for Great Britain Using Space-Varying Relationship Models." Mathematical Geosciences 43, no. 3 (March 19, 2011): 265–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11004-011-9331-z.
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Camelier, Priscila, and Angela M. Zanata. "Biogeography of freshwater fishes from the Northeastern Mata Atlântica freshwater ecoregion: distribution, endemism, and area relationships." Neotropical Ichthyology 12, no. 4 (January 9, 2015): 683–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20130228.
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The Northeastern Mata Atlântica freshwater ecoregion (NMAF) includes part of the eastern Brazilian coastal drainages, has high level of fish endemism and great biogeographic significance. A taxonomic inventory of freshwater fishes from 25 drainages of the NMAF ecoregion and a biogeographic analysis using the Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE) method were carried out. A total of 192 native species was listed. The PAE method was applied to 24 basins and 37 species, resulting in five equally parsimonious area diagrams. The strict consensus diagram indicates the existence of two main groups of basins throughout the NMAF ecoregion. These groups were denominated: North Group and Central-South Group. The Central-South Group shows a basal polytomy composed by two Groups (Central Group and South Group) plus the rio Itapemirim basin. The North Group is composed by eight drainages from the rio Sergipe to the rio Paraguaçu, the Central Group by five drainages from the rio Cachoeira to the rio Jequitinhonha, and the South Group by nine drainages from the rio Buranhém to the rio Doce. Comments about the species distribution and the fish fauna shared with adjacent ecoregions are provided. We also present a comparison of the hypothesis of river relationships proposed herein with published phylogenetic hypotheses that include taxa relevant to this study.
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MEY, WOLFRAM. "A case study on the Trichoptera fauna of springs in the escarpment mountains of southern Africa (Insecta, Trichoptera)." Zoosymposia 10, no. 1 (August 9, 2016): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.10.1.28.
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The Trichoptera assemblages of three springs in the escarpment and on the Waterberg of Namibia, and of two springs in the Great Escarpment of South Africa were collected at irregular intervals. The species composition of each spring is presented and discussed in terms of permanence and stability of spring areas. The study has revealed a poor fauna in the Namibian escarpment, which consists of widespread species whereas the springs on the Waterberg and in the Great Escarpment are more speciose and contain relict and possible endemic species as well as widespread and euryoecious species. The differences are due to different degrees of isolation and distance from other freshwater ecosystems and suitable aquatic biotopes in the arid and semiarid environment of southwestern Africa.
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BIRMANI, NADIR ALI, ALI MURTAZA DHAREJO, and MUHAMMAD MUNIF KHAN. "A new species of Polymorphus Lühe, 1911 (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) in Black Coot, Fulica atra (Aves: Rallidae), Pakistan." Zootaxa 2929, no. 1 (June 24, 2011): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2929.1.7.
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As a consequence of geographical and climate factors, a high percentage of Pakistan’s bird fauna is migratory with a great number of Palearctic winter visitors which come to exploit the improved availability of food. Palearctic winter visitors normally are species, mainly from Soviet Union, represented by non-breeding individuals. The Black Coot, Fulica atra Linnaeus, 1758 (Gruiformes: Rallidae), comes to Pakistan from Siberia in winter (October–March) each year. Fulica atra is an omnivore that feeds on pondweeds, invertebrates, seeds, fruit and variety of small live prey, including eggs of other water birds. Birds are found mainly on freshwater lakes, reservoirs, rivers and town park lakes and they have also been found living in man-made ponds in Pakistan. These habitats provide favorable environment for breeding as well as the development of populations of snails, crustaceans and insect fauna, which enhances likelihood of acquiring parasitic infection.
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Ruiz-Navarro, Ana, Phillipa K. Gillingham, and J. Robert Britton. "Predicting shifts in the climate space of freshwater fishes in Great Britain due to climate change." Biological Conservation 203 (November 2016): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.08.021.
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Hartman, Joseph H. "Biochronology of uppermost Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary nonmarine Mollusca of the northern Great Plains, U.S.A. and Canada." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200006833.
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The biochronologic use of nonmarine mollusks commenced in the northern Great Plains with the pioneering studies of F.B. Meek and F.V. Hayden in the 1850s and ‘60s. Their research focused on the chronostratigraphic organization of nonmarine and marine strata and included the naming of the Fort Union Group, which represents the Paleocene throughout the northern plains. Current research has focused on ascertaining the biostratigraphic distribution of nonmarine taxa throughout the post-Fox Hills Formation sections in the northern Great Plains, specifically in the Williston (WB: North Dakota, Montana, Saskatchewan), Powder River (PRB: Montana, Wyoming), and Crazy Mountains (CMB: Montana) Basins. The strata represented include the uppermost Cretaceous Lance (PRB) and Hell Creek (WB, PRB, CMB) Formations; Paleocene Fort Union Group, including (in ascending order) the Ludlow (WB)—Tullock (WB, PRB)—Bear (CMB), Slope (WB)—Lebo (PRB, CMB), Bullion Creek (WB)-Tongue River (WB, PRB)-Melville (CMB), and Sentinel Butte (WB)—lower “Wasatch” (PRB) Formations, and the Bear Den Member of the Golden Valley (WB) Formation; and the Lower Eocene Camels Butte Member of the Golden Valley Formation (WB) and main body of the “Wasatch” (PRB) Formation. About 2000 nonmarine molluscan localities have been collected from these strata and correlated with all of the approximately 200 relevant mammalian local faunas. The geologic section represented by each study area has a segment of the section that is biostratigraphically and biochronologically relatively well controlled by either molluscan or mammalian occurrences or both. These segments overlap sufficiently well to provide a nearly continuous composite section for the uppermost Cretaceous, Paleocene, and Lower Eocene. In the Montana portion of the Williston Basin, the uppermost Cretaceous (Lancian) taxon ranges of nonmarine mollusks and mammals are stratigraphically well controlled. Less abundant or less well-controlled occurrences elsewhere support the view that a diverse, molluscan assemblage, largely composed of highly sculptured unionid bivalves, is extinguished, relatively suddenly, near but before the end of the Cretaceous. The lower and lower middle Paleocene (Puercan and Torrejonian) section, as evidenced in isolated fossil occurrences, is a time of a substantially reduced number of low-diversity molluscan faunules consisting of a small mesogastropod-dominated snail fauna, a few taxa of which cross the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, and a small, unornamented (except for the umbonal region) fauna of unionids. The upper middle Paleocene (Torrejonian) and lower upper Paleocene (Tiffanian) contain a record indicating a resurgence in the molluscan fauna, particularly in the upland Paleocene terrains preserved in the upper Lebo and lower Melville Formations of the Crazy Mountains Basin. A relatively large number of localities contain a diversifying mesogastropod-dominated snail fauna, an increasing number of terrestrial taxa, and an increasingly diversified, but unsculptured, unionid fauna. The middle upper Paleocene (Tiffanian 3–4) faunal record, representing the “classic” Fort Union molluscan fauna of Meek and Hayden, was comparatively diverse, abundant, and dominated by freshwater snail taxa. Although known from substantially fewer localities, this interval also contains an increase in diversity and novelty of aquatic and terrestrial pulmonates. Unionids are locally abundant, but remain relatively undiverse. The uppermost Paleocene (presumed Clarkforkian) record in the Powder River Basin documents a continued increase in pulmonate taxa and a sustained, but compositionally different, diversity of mesogastropods. The unionid fauna is relatively unchanged. The Paleocene-Eocene (Wasatchian) boundary, based on mammalian, palynomorph, and plant criteria, is clearly shown by a widespread change in the composition of the molluscan assemblage. The overall faunal diversity is somewhat reduced, with a noted reduction in the diversity of certain freshwater mesogastropods, a few unionid taxa, and a continued increase in the representation of pulmonate taxa. In summary, uppermost Cretaceous and lower Tertiary strata in the northern Great Plains contain a sequence of nonmarine molluscan faunas that are sufficiently diverse and changing so as to permit the construction of a substantially more resolved biochronology than previously considered possible.
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Moss, D., J. F. Wright, M. T. Furse, and R. T. Clarke. "Α comparison of alternative techniques for prediction of the fauna of running‐water sites in Great Britain." Freshwater Biology 41, no. 1 (February 1999): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1999.00376.x.
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Macadam, Craig R., Judy England, and Richard Chadd. "The vulnerability of British aquatic insects to climate change." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 423 (2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2022003.
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Freshwater ecosystems are particularly at risk from climate change due to the intrinsic link between the physical properties of the water environment and those species that live there. Mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies are key indicators of the health of freshwater environments and their biological traits and ecological preferences determine their vulnerability to climate change. Traits and preferences for 289 British species were analysed, with voltinism, length of flight period, altitudinal preference and affinity to headwaters being the main factors causing vulnerability. Sixteen species were deemed to be at risk from climate change. These species are distributed across Great Britain, but particular hotspots of vulnerability are present in upland areas. These areas should be targeted with mitigation measures to reduce the impacts of climate change on populations of aquatic insects.
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Murray, Alison M., Thodoris Argyriou, and Todd D. Cook. "Palaeobiogeographic relationships and palaeoenvironmental implications of an earliest Oligocene Tethyan ichthyofauna from Egypt." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 51, no. 10 (October 2014): 909–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0097.
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The Fayum Depression of Egypt has produced a great diversity of fossil material, including marine and freshwater fishes. In contrast to the Eocene formations of the Fayum, the Oligocene Jbel Qatrani Formation has been more or less consistently considered to be deposited in a freshwater environment; however, the ichthyofauna indicates a more complex picture. Cenozoic fishes have been convincingly used to interpret the palaeoenvironment in which sediments were deposited. Based on the elasmobranch and osteichthyan faunas of the Jbel Qatrani Formation, we interpret that this formation was not deposited entirely in fresh waters, but had some marine influence, particularly in the lower part of the formation. The mixture of freshwater elements, such as polypterids and alestids, with brackish and marine elements, including myliobatid stingrays, in the Quarry E site suggests a local palaeoenvironment that was very close to the shoreline, in a less protected area, or under more seasonal influence than the rest of the sites in the formation. Additionally, the early Oligocene elasmobranch fishes from Quarry E have a strong biogeographic relationship with sites in Oman and Pakistan, in the eastern Tethys, representing a restricted fauna possibly limited in distribution by cooling global temperatures.
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Sousa, Bernadete Maria de, Samuel Campos Gomides, Alexandre de Assis Hudson, Leonardo Barros Ribeiro, and Iara Alves Novelli. "Reptiles of the municipality of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais state, Brazil." Biota Neotropica 12, no. 3 (September 2012): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032012000300002.
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The Atlantic Forest of the state of Minas Gerais, as well as the remnants of this domain in the rest of Brazil, suffers a marked reduction in size and anthropogenic alteration. This habitat degradation is directly reflected in the decrease of species richness within these natural environments. In this sense, the inventory of extant species is necessary to understand the species composition of regions under threat. Despite the great richness of existing reptile species in Minas Gerais, the level of knowledge about the fauna in this state is considered unsatisfactory and very fragmented. The aim of this study was to record the composition of the reptile fauna of the municipality of Juiz de Fora through the revision of specimens housed at the Herpetological Collection of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (CHUFJF-Reptiles) and published papers. Better documentation of the reptilian fauna for the region not only expands the knowledge of the herpetofauna of Minas Gerais, but also contributes to regional conservation planning, such as "Biota Minas" program in the states of the Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 41 reptile species (two freshwater turtles, two amphisbaenians, 13 lizards and 24 snakes) belonging to 12 families were recorded. We highlight the record of the freshwater turtle Hydromedusa maximiliani, which is considered a species sensitive to anthropogenic impact and currently is seen only in protected areas in Juiz de Fora, as well as Ecpleopus gaudichaudii, Enyalius brasiliensis, Heterodactylus imbricatus, Placosoma glabellum and Micrurus corallinus, that are dependent on well-preserved forest areas. The reptile composition is more similar to Viçosa and other surrounding regions, despite the presence of many species that are not shared between these locations. This fact demonstrates the importance of the collection in terms of representativeness of the local and regional fauna as well as providing a valuable source of information for future studies of Brazilian herpetofauna in general.
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Littlewood, I. G., and T. J. Marsh. "Annual freshwater river mass loads from Great Britain, 1975–1994: estimation algorithm, database and monitoring network issues." Journal of Hydrology 304, no. 1-4 (March 2005): 221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.07.031.
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Palmer, Margaret A. "The application of biogeographical zonation and biodiversity assessment to the conservation of freshwater habitats in Great Britain." Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 9, no. 2 (March 1999): 179–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0755(199903/04)9:2<179::aid-aqc343>3.0.co;2-o.
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Barzegar, Maryam, Mehdi Raissy, and Shokoofeh Shamsi. "Protozoan Parasites of Iranian Freshwater Fishes: Review, Composition, Classification, and Modeling Distribution." Pathogens 12, no. 5 (April 27, 2023): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12050651.
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This article investigates the occurrence and distribution of parasitic protozoa of Iranian freshwater fishes (both farmed and wild). Our search shows 26 known parasitic protozoan species were recorded from 52 freshwater fish species across different ecoregions of Iran. Most of these fish are edible. While none of the identified protozoan parasites are of zoonotic importance, our study does not exclude presence of zoonotic species in Iranian fishes. Present data suggest the northern and western regions of the country are the main macrohabitat of protozoa (35 parasitic records reported), with the greatest concentration of parasitic protozoa occurring in the Urmia basin in Iran’s northwest. The clustered distribution pattern of protozoa among freshwater fish was also more evident in the northern and western parts of the country. The gills and skin were the most infected microhabitats for parasitic protozoa. The highest number of parasites was observed in the fish family Cyprinidae with nine species found in the native fish, Capoeta capoeta. The most diverse host range was observed in the holotrich ciliate, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis isolated from 46 cyprinid species in 39 different locations. However, due to the great richness of fish and extreme habitat diversity, parts of the parasite fauna of Iranian freshwater fish are still poorly understood. Furthermore, current and future changes in climate and environmental parameters, and anthropogenic interventions are likely to affect fish hosts and their parasites.
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MOSS, D., M. T. FURSE, J. F. WRIGHT, and P. D. ARMITAGE. "The prediction of the macro-invertebrate fauna of unpolluted running-water sites in Great Britain using environmental data." Freshwater Biology 17, no. 1 (February 1987): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1987.tb01027.x.
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Anderson, Laurie C., Frank P. Wesselingh, and Joseph H. Hartman. "A phylogenetic and morphologic context for the radiation of an endemic fauna in a long-lived lake: Corbulidae (Bivalvia; Myoida) in the Miocene Pebas Formation of western Amazonia." Paleobiology 36, no. 4 (2010): 534–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/09028.1.
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The Corbulidae are one of a handful of a primarily marine bivalve clades that exhibit a remarkable radiation, marked by increased species richness and divergent morphologies, within a long-lived lake. For corbulids, this diversification occurred within the lower to middle Miocene Pebas Formation of western Amazonia. Only one taxon associated with this radiation (Anticorbula) remains extant. We conducted a series of phylogenetic analyses to characterize diversification of Corbulidae within the Pebas Formation and relate that diversification to geologically older freshwater corbulids from the Paleocene Fort Union Formation of the northern Great Plains (United States). We used these results, as well as a quantitative examination of morphospace occupation, to infer whether Pebasian corbulids represent a true species flock, and whether the lacustrine system represented by the Pebas Formation represents a cradle of, or reservoir for, freshwater corbulid diversity. We conducted two sets of phylogenetic analyses using shell morphology characters. A genus-level data set incorporated type species of freshwater corbulid genera, any Paleocene representatives of these genera, and selected brackish and marine corbulid genera. A species-level analysis added all described freshwater corbulid taxa to the genus-level matrix. Our results were highly resolved (few most-parsimonious trees), but not particularly robust (low branch support). For the genus-level matrix, we used a taxon jackknife procedure to explore the effects of taxon sampling on tree stability and topology. Jackknife results recover a subclade of freshwater taxa (including both Anticorbula and Pachydon species and the Paleocene Ostomya sp.) in 92.4% of trees, although placement of this subclade across the ingroup varies, as do the topologic positions of other freshwater species. Freshwater and marine corbulids also are morphologically distinct from each other, a factor that likely reduced the robustness of our phylogenetic results. By combining these results with paleoecologic, stratigraphic, and morphologic data, we infer that freshwater corbulids arose once within the family, prior to the Cenozoic, with three distinct freshwater lineages present at their first appearance in the late Paleocene of North America. Within the Miocene Pebas system of South America, we reconstruct supralimital morphologic evolution within three lineages as freshwater taxa became variously adapted to the fluid, dysoxic muds characterizing lake-bottom facies representative of the Pebas lacustrine system. In addition, corbulids apparently successfully coped with high predation pressures from co-occurring shell-crushing predators. Finally, we consider that freshwater Corbulidae were primarily fluvial taxa throughout their geologic history, with a relatively ephemeral radiation within the Pebasian lake system, thus making the Pebasian system a cradle of diversity for several corbulid lineages.
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Vasilyeva, L. M., J. M. Ramazanova, A. Z. Anokhina, and N. V. Sudakova. "Modern assessment of the state of the fish fauna in the northern part of Agrakhanskaya bay, river Dagestan." Rybovodstvo i rybnoe hozjajstvo (Fish Breeding and Fisheries), no. 12 (December 5, 2022): 788–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-09-2212-01.
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The northern part of the Agrakhan Bay is of great fishery importance for the Tersko-Caspian region of the Dagestan, there are the main spawning grounds foralmost all types of fish, including valuable passing and semi-passing (roach, bream, carp, pike perch) as well as freshwater (perch, pike, catfish, rudd, silver crucian, gustera and perch). Studies were conducted to assess the qualitative structure of populations of commercial fish species in 2021, age and morpho-biological indicators were studied, as well as the sex ratio of semi-migratory fish species (for example, roach and walleye) and freshwater (perch and rudd). The results obtained indicate that all aquatic fish were in satisfactory condition, and semi-aquatic (roach, bream, carp and pike perch) — to a lesser extent met the required qualities. Younger age groups (3–5 years old) dominated in the structure of semi-passable fish — roach and walleye, which accounted for over 50%, males dominated in younger age groups, unlike older (6–8 years old), the proportion of females was over 80%. According to morpho-biological parameters, the roach and pike perch were superior to the Volga fish of the same species, and in terms of fatness by almost 2.5 times. Freshwater fish (perch, rudd) were represented by five age categories, of which 3–4-year-olds accounted for over 60%. In the qualitative structure of the perch of 2021, the indicators of length, weight and fatness were worse than the individuals caught in 2020. Morphometric indicators of the rudd had no significant discrepancies with the data of the previous year, which once again confirms the absence of the influence of the hydrological regime on the number and biological indicators of this little whimsical fish species.
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Spence, John R., and D. Hughes Spence. "OF GROUND-BEETLES AND MEN: INTRODUCED SPECIES AND THE SYNANTHROPIC FAUNA OF WESTERN CANADA." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 120, S144 (1988): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm120144151-1.
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AbstractAssemblages of carabid beetles occurring in anthropogenic habitats in western Canada include native and introduced species. In this study, about 70% of the native species encountered in anthropogenic habitats have their main centres of abundance in native grassland. Twenty species known from British Columbia are of recent European origin. These species were probably introduced in ballast carried by commercial sailing vessels or in shipments of nursery stock. The species that have successfully colonized western Canada cannot be distinguished from a random sample of the estimated source fauna with respect to either taxonomic distribution or body size. However, all introduced species are characteristic of disturbed and/or anthropogenic habitats in Great Britain and are strictly synanthropic in British Columbia. Where they occurred, introduced species were usually numerically dominant members of anthropogenic assemblages. Both flight and human-assisted transport must be invoked to explain the patterns of range expansion observed for introduced species. Although the presence of introduced species was correlated with reduced diversity of native species, the carabid fauna of western Canada has been generally enriched because only one native species is strictly synanthropic.
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Oreska, Matthew P. J., and David C. Aldridge. "Estimating the financial costs of freshwater invasive species in Great Britain: a standardized approach to invasive species costing." Biological Invasions 13, no. 2 (July 2, 2010): 305–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9807-7.
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Jin, Jisuo, and Paul Copper. "Parastrophinella (Brachiopoda): Its paleogeographic significance at the Ordovician/Silurian boundary." Journal of Paleontology 71, no. 3 (May 1997): 369–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000039391.
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The type species of Parastrophinella, P. reversa, a pentamerid brachiopod from the uppermost Ordovician (Hirnantian) Ellis Bay Formation of Anticosti Island, Quebec, shows that the genus is characterized by three features: 1) a ventral median septum apically buried in a thickened valve floor, but anteriorly rising above valve floor; 2) prominent alate plates, which are homologous to brachial processes; and, 3) a pseudocruralium consisting of a dorsal median septum, which is largely buried in the valve floor posteriorly, and outer plates that are connected to the median septum via prismatic substance (with poorly developed lamellar layer at the junctions) at, or slightly above, the valve floor. These constitute criteria by which many species previously assigned to Parastrophinella are excluded from the genus. Late Ordovician species that fit the redefinition of Parastrophinella are now confined to eastern North America. The genus crosses the Ordovician/Silurian boundary without major morphologic change, and Early Silurian species of Parastrophinella occur in both eastern North America and Great Britain. In the Late Ordovician, the pentamerid fauna of North America (Laurentia) contrasted sharply with that of Baltica and Kazakhstan, where the Holorhynchus fauna was dominant. Typical elements of the Holorhynchus fauna, such as the large-shelled Holorhynchus and Proconchidium, are known only in the northern parts of Laurentia (Baffin Island, Greenland, and Kolyma), and are absent in the Hudson Bay and Williston basins and southwards.
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Yochelson, Ellis. "The Question of Primordial and Cambrian/Taconic: Barrande and Logan/Marcou." Earth Sciences History 12, no. 2 (January 1, 1993): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.12.2.lm6ql05572n38221.
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Joachim Barrande in 1846 recognised the Primordial Silurian fauna as the oldest of three faunas he identified in stratigraphic order in Bohemia. A key point in development of the early Paleozoic stratigraphic column was Barrande's 1850 identification of elements of his Primordial fauna in Great Britain. The link between rocks comprising the Cambrian System and a distinctive fauna was a factor in the eventual acceptance of the validity of the system that Sedwick had named.A decade later, Barrande also recognized the Primordial fauna as occurring in the Taconic System of Emmons in eastern New York and western Massachusetts. Despite arguments from the beginning as to the geologic basis of this system, some geologists used it in a more widespread sense in New England and Canada. William Logan eventually realized that structural complexities near Quebec City provided a spurious sequence of faunas in supposed correlatives of the Taconic. With interpretation of a younger age for the Quebec Group, Logan took this group out of the Taconic and effectively removed "Taconic" fossils from much of Canada, thereby helping restrict usage to the type area.Jules Marcou vigorously defended priority of the Taconic. He repeatedly published that Barrande was essentially ignored or injured by Logan. Correspondence, both published and private, demonstrates that this is not the case; they mutually respected each other's scientific abilities. Marcou, and a small but vocal minority of American geologists, supported the use of Taconic during the 1870's and 1880's, but discovery by Walcott in 1887 of Ordovician fossils in Massachusetts Taconic rocks effectively ended debate as to priority of Cambrian.
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BRAY, RODNEY A., GARTH N. FOSTER, ANDREA WAESCHENBACH, and D. TIMOTHY J. LITTLEWOOD. "The discovery of progenetic Allocreadium neotenicum Peters, 1957 (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) in water beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) in Great Britain." Zootaxa 3577, no. 1 (December 10, 2012): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3577.1.3.
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Progenetic specimens of Allocreadium neotenicum Peters, 1957 are described from water beetles, Hydroporus rufifrons, an endangered species, and Agabus paludosus from northern England and Scotland, and as non-ovigerous metacercariae from Agabus melanarius from southern England. Morphologically, the worms are identical to A. neotenicum described from water beetles in North America. Molecular phylogenetic estimates based on 28S rDNA sequences show these British specimens as more closely related to the North American freshwater fish parasite Allocreadium lobatum Wallin, 1909 than to the European species A. isoporum (Looss, 1894). A. lobatum shows a predilection for progenesis and may be a senior synonym of A. neotenicum. Based on the molecular phylogeny, the genus Pseudallocreadium Yamaguti, 1971 is considered synonymous with Allocreadium and the two species assigned to that genus, P. neotenicum and P. alloneotenicum (Wootton, 1957) are returned to Allocreadium.
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Gupta, Sunita, Parul Kulshreshtha, Divya Aggarwal, and Deuvshree Sharma. "Undergraduate Internship on Yamuna River Exploration: Raising Awareness about SDG6." Sustainability 15, no. 13 (June 30, 2023): 10350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151310350.
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A semester-long internship was designed for undergraduate students at the University of Delhi, India. Teams comprising 30 students from all over the University were trained to carry out field exploration activities on the Yamuna River flowing in Delhi. The students were provided with portable kits to measure the physicochemical parameters at a selected bank of the Yamuna River. Students documented the invertebrate fauna in the riparian zone of the banks. At the same time, they noted the anthropogenic polluting activities on the bank of the Yamuna River. This internship educated students about the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). They all studied Ecology and Environmental Science in their undergraduate curriculum, but they all confessed that they were unaware of the 17 SDGs and the deteriorating health of the Yamuna River in the city. We educated students about the freshwater emergency recovery plan and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list of ecosystems. This internship is a great example of an undergraduate-directed study or research experience that supported student constructivism and inquiry-based learning, and this research article elaborates on student reports and situational interest in freshwater biology to achieve SDG6.
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Imaz-Lamadrid, Miguel, Jobst Wurl, and Ernesto Ramos-Velázquez. "Future of Coastal Lagoons in Arid Zones under Climate Change and Anthropogenic Pressure. A Case Study from San Jose Lagoon, Mexico." Resources 8, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8010057.
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In arid and semiarid zones, groundwater plays a key role in the ecology and availability of freshwater. Coastal lagoons in arid zones have great importance as a refuge for species of flora and fauna, as a source of freshwater, and for recreational purposes for local communities and tourism. In addition, as environments under natural stress, they are suffering pressure from anthropogenic activities and climate change, especially in zones with intense touristic development as in the case of the Baja California Peninsula in northwest Mexico. In this paper, we analyze the future of a coastal lagoon impacted by climate change and anthropogenic pressures. We constructed a groundwater MODFLOW-SWI2 model to predict changes in freshwater–saltwater inputs and correlated them with the geospatial analysis of the distribution and evolution of the water body and surrounding vegetation. The methodology was applied to the San Jose lagoon, one of the most important wetlands in the Baja California peninsula, which had been affected by anthropogenic activities and endangered by climate change. According to our water balance, the deficit of the San Jose aquifer will increase by 2040 as a result of climate change. The water table north of the lagoon will drop, affecting the amount of freshwater inflow. This reduction, together with an increase of evapotranspiration and the sea-level rise, will favor an increase of mineralization, reducing the surface water and groundwater quality and in consequence affecting the vegetation cover. Without proper management and adequate measures to mitigate these impacts, the lagoon may disappear as a freshwater ecosystem. Results of this research indicate that the use of a groundwater flow model, together with a geospatial analysis provide effective tools to predict scenarios for the future of coastal lagoons, and serve as a basis for land planning, nature conservation, and sustainable management of these ecosystems.
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Davidian, E. M., and P. Rispin. "New data on the aphidiid-wasp (Hymenoptera, Aphidiidae) fauna of Great Britain based on the collection of the Manchester Museum." Entomological Review 96, no. 1 (January 2016): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0013873816010085.
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Welch, R. Colin. "Invertebrates of Scottish sand dunes." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 96 (1989): 267–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000010976.
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SynopsisThe first comparative study in Britain of the invertebrate fauna of a large number of coastal sites was carried out in Scotland in 1976/77. Fifty-eight sites were selected at fifty-four locations in four geographic areas: East Coast, Moray Firth, North & North-west Coast and the Outer Hebrides. Lepidoptera were collected in MV light traps, while Coleoptera, Araneae, Mollusca and Diplopoda were caught in pitfall traps. The results are analysed to show the relationships between the faunal elements of each region and how species distribution correlates with latitude and is affected by climate. Examples are given to illustrate the great range of distribution patterns of selected species in the five major invertebrate groups studied. Some priority areas for site conservation are listed and recommendations made for a different approach to dune management.
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Pearson, R. G., P. C. Godfrey, A. H. Arthington, J. Wallace, F. Karim, and M. Ellison. "Biophysical status of remnant freshwater floodplain lagoons in the Great Barrier Reef catchment: a challenge for assessment and monitoring." Marine and Freshwater Research 64, no. 3 (2013): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12251.
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We investigated the biophysical environment, invertebrate fauna and ecosystem health of lagoons on the Tully–Murray floodplain in the Queensland Wet Tropics bioregion. These wetlands are biologically rich but have declined in area and condition with agricultural development and are poorly protected, despite being located between two World Heritage areas. Lagoons varied in size, habitats and water quality, with increasing signatures of agriculture (e.g. elevated nutrient concentrations) from the upper to lower floodplain. Zooplankton were abundant, but not diverse, and correlated variously with environmental variables, so were not useful in assessing lagoon condition. Benthic macroinvertebrates were abundant and diverse and correlated strongly with riparian condition, habitats, water quality and degree of agriculture in the catchment, but gradients in assemblage structure were not strong because the flow regime, with multiple annual floods, maintains higher water quality than in some tropical systems. The absence of pristine reference lagoons and the limited availability of replicate sites hamper the development of monitoring systems. Nevertheless, we show that appropriate sampling, analysis and knowledge of comparable systems allow inferences to be drawn regarding ecological condition. This is important because environmental managers need best available and timely advice whatever the opportunities for rigorous study design.
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Breves, André, Gilberto Pereira, and M. Teresa Girão Da Cruz. "António da Costa Paiva (Barão de Castelo de Paiva) (1806–1879): his malacological collection from Madeira in Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal." Archives of Natural History 49, no. 2 (October 2022): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2022.0793.
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The Museu da Ciência da Universidade de Coimbra (MCUC) (Science Museum of the University of Coimbra) hosts an important historical collection of land and freshwater snails from the Madeira Archipelago. This collection of 1,768 specimens (120 recent taxa within 20 families) was recently catalogued and digitized. Specimens in MCUC collections were recognized as being provided by António da Costa Paiva (Barão de Castelo de Paiva). This Portuguese nobleman also donated other mollusc collections to different scientific institutions and natural history museums in Portugal and abroad in the mid nineteenth-century. The study of the origin of the MCUC mollusc collection, beyond the data associated with the specimens, is important to the research on the endangered fauna of the Madeira Archipelago. This work precedes a comprehensive study ongoing in MCUC regarding the species occurrence and the systematic review on a great number of species hosted in the museum collection.
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Streb, christoppher. "Adapting floating wetland design to advance performance in urban waterfronts." Wetland Science & Practice 36, no. 2 (April 2019): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/ucrt083-231.
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The great cities of the Mid-Atlantic, from Washington, DC to New York City, were strategically placed along the fall line where the Piedmont physiographic province transitions to the Coastal Plain. Situated at the head of the tide, this landscape position held important attributes for city building, including safe harbor for ships, local stone for construction, and proximity to steep streams suitable to run mills. But the head of tide is also an important ecological landscape threshold, where carbon, sediment and nutrients are delivered from the uplands by streams and rivers and deposited in tidal freshwater and brackish marsh systems. In undisturbed landscapes, those marshes uptake and transform pollutants in the water while providing refugia for aquatic fauna, spawning habitat for fish, and feeding grounds for migrating waterfowl. As human development has displaced these ecosystems, the connection facilitated by the beneficial ecosystem services of the tidal marsh systems has been severed.
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Ingram, Travis, Ludovic Dutoit, Pavel Mikheev, Samiullah Khan, and Marc Schallenberg. "Phenotypic, ecological, and genomic variation in common bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianus) populations along depth gradients in New Zealand’s southern Great Lakes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 77, no. 10 (October 2020): 1678–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2020-0015.
Full textAbstract:
Depth gradients in lakes are often key drivers of population divergence and speciation in fishes. New Zealand has many deep lakes but no known profundal specialist fishes or cases of intralacustrine speciation. We sampled a native benthic fish, the common bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianus), from 5 to 90 m depth in four South Island lakes to test for morphological, ecological, or genetic differentiation associated with depth. Deeper fish consistently had narrower bodies, while other morphological traits showed variable relationships with depth. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values of fish increased with depth, largely tracking isotopic trends with depth of benthic invertebrate prey. Genotyping-by-sequencing showed some genome-wide differentiation between two of the lakes, but no evidence for within-lake genetic structuring along depth gradients. These results indicate that individual bullies associate with shallower or deeper habitats within their lifetimes, but we found no evidence of progress toward genetic divergence within lakes. The apparent lack of intralacustrine genetic divergence in New Zealand’s fishes may be explained by a combination of environmental factors and constraints intrinsic to its marine-derived freshwater fish fauna.
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Russell, G. "Some Anatomical and Physiological Differences in Chorda Filum from Coastal Waters of Finland and Great Britain." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 65, no. 2 (May 1985): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400050463.
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A comparative study of Chorda filum populations from the British Isles (S 34‰) and the Baltic coast of Finland (S 6‰) has revealed differences in response by live adult thalli to treatment for 2 h with sea water of different salinities. Water uptake and loss by thalli differed significantly in salinities of х o‚ х 1/6, х ⅓ and х 1 ( = 34‰). British material showed severe cell disruption in freshwater whereas Finnish material did not. Killed thalli also behaved differently, British material showing little response to salinity treatment but Finnish plants continuing to react much as live tissues.Anatomical differences between populations were also observed, cortical cells in Finnish plants being significantly smaller than their British counterparts. Diaphragms traversing lumens of British material were simple, entire structures, but those in Finnish plants were deeply dissected and complex in organization.It is postulated that Baltic Chorda may have undergone a process of evolutionary divergence in response to its changed saline environment.INTRODUCTIONChorda filum (L.) Stackh. is one of several species of north Atlantic Phaeophyceae to be found in the inner Baltic Sea and Gulf of Bothnia; its geographical limit being associated with sea water salinity of approximately 4‰, (Waern, 1952; Hällfors et al. 1981). This species has been studied by Norton & South (1969) and South (1966) who traced the development of gametophytes and early sporophytes in culture media of different salinites. Although their cultures had been established from British material only, they felt able to argue from their results that the Baltic population did not constitute ‘… a different physiological strain specially adapted to the extreme environmental conditions prevailing there’.
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da Silva Brito, Maiara Tábatha, Leidiane Pereira Diniz, Ully M. Pozzobom, Victor Lemes Landeiro, and Francisco Diogo R. Sousa. "Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) from the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil." Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology 56 (2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/limn/2020005.
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Studies on Cladocera biodiversity in Brazilian freshwater ecosystems are intensifying. However, the fauna of some hydrographic regions is still poorly known. We investigated the richness and species composition of cladocerans in lakes of the Pantanal from the state of Mato Grosso (Paraguay hydrographic region), Brazil. In addition, we cataloged the known cladoceran species in each hydrographic region of the state. Occurrence data were obtained from the literature and samples collected from 50 lakes in the northern Pantanal. We recorded 120 cladoceran species from eight families in the state of Mato Grosso. The occurrence of these species was recorded in the Amazon and Paraguay hydrographic regions. We are unaware of studies on cladocerans conducted in the Tocantins-Araguaia hydrographic region. We reported 17 new records in the Pantanal samples (Paraguay hydrographic region). Overall, richness estimates reveal that 72.6% of the state's cladoceran fauna is already known, while for the Paraguay hydrographic region this estimate is 72.2%. In general, the cladocerans from the Amazon and Paraguay regions did not differ. Our findings allow us to infer the need for further studies in the different hydrographic regions found in Mato Grosso in order to improve the knowledge of cladoceran biodiversity. We suggest a greater sampling effort, particularly in the littoral zone of aquatic ecosystems in this state, which can harbor great biodiversity.
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SERRA, FERNANDA, GUILLERMO L. ALBANESI, GLADYS ORTEGA, and STIG M. BERGSTRÖM. "Biostratigraphy and palaeoecology of Middle–Late Ordovician conodont and graptolite faunas of the Las Chacritas River section, Precordillera of San Juan, Argentina." Geological Magazine 152, no. 5 (January 29, 2015): 813–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756814000752.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractA conodont-graptolite biostratigraphic study was carried out on the top strata of the San Juan, Las Chacritas and Las Aguaditas formations in the La Trampa Range, Precordillera of San Juan in western Argentina. Significant conodont records in the San Juan and Las Chacritas formations allow for the recognition of the Yangtzeplacognathus crassus, Eoplacognathus pseudoplanus (Microzarkodina hagetiana and M. ozarkodella subzones) and Eoplacognathus suecicus zones of Darriwilian age. Index species and co-occurrences of graptolites and conodonts were recorded in the Las Aguaditas Formation allowing the identification of the Nemagraptus gracilis and the Pygodus anserinus zones, which represent the Sandbian Stage. These data indicate a hiatus between the Las Chacritas and the Las Aguaditas formations, corresponding to the Pygodus serra Zone and the Pterograptus elegans and Hustedograptus teretiusculus zones (upper Darriwilian). A total of 7287 identifiable conodont elements were recorded from the study section. The species frequency registered for each zone shows that Periodon and Paroistodus are the most abundant taxa, which are indicative of open marine environments. The records of particular conodont taxa, such as Histiodella, Periodon, Microzarkodina, Eoplacognathus and Baltoniodus, allow a precise global correlation with other regions such as south-central China, Baltoscandia, North America, Great Britain, Southern Australia and New Zealand. The graptolite fauna identified here are recognized worldwide in equivalent strata in the Baltic region, Great Britain, North America, China, southern Australia and New Zealand. The presence of graptolites in the ribbon limestones of the Las Chacritas Formation is documented for the first time.