Journal articles: 'Freshwater ecosystems'

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Alahuhta, Janne, Tibor Erős, Olli-Matti Kärnä, Janne Soininen, Jianjun Wang, and Jani Heino. "Understanding environmental change through the lens of trait-based, functional, and phylogenetic biodiversity in freshwater ecosystems." Environmental Reviews 27, no. 2 (June 2019): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2018-0071.

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In the era of the Anthropocene, environmental change is accelerating biodiversity loss across ecosystems on Earth, among which freshwaters are likely the most threatened. Different biodiversity facets in the freshwater realm suffer from various environmental changes that jeopardize the ecosystem functions and services important for humankind. In this work we examine how environmental changes (e.g., climate change, eutrophication, or invasive species) affect trait-based, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of biological communities. We first developed a simple conceptual model of the possible relationships between environmental change and these three diversity facets in freshwaters and, secondly, systematically reviewed articles where these relationships had been investigated in different freshwater ecosystems. Finally, we highlighted research gaps from the perspectives of organisms, ecosystems, stressors, and geographical locations. Our conceptual model suggested that both natural factors and global change operating at various spatial scales influence freshwater community structure and ecosystem functioning. The relationships between biodiversity and environmental change depend on geographical region, organism group, spatial scale, and environmental change gradient length. The systematic review revealed that environmental change impacts biodiversity patterns in freshwaters, but there is no single type of biodiversity response to the observed global changes. Natural stressors had different, even contradictory, effects (i.e., multiple, negative, and positive) on biodiversity compared with anthropogenic stressors. Anthropogenic stressors more often decreased biodiversity, although eutrophication and climate change affected freshwater ecosystems in a complex, more multi-dimensional way. The research gaps we identified were related, for example, to the low number of community-based biodiversity studies, the lack of information on true phylogenies for all freshwater organism groups, the missing evaluations whether species traits are phylogenetically conserved, and the geographical biases in research (i.e., absence of studies from Africa, Southern Asia, and Russia). We hope that our review will stimulate more research on the less well-known facets and topics of biodiversity loss in highly vulnerable freshwater ecosystems.

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Northcote, T. G. "Freshwater ecosystems." GeoJournal 28, no. 1 (September 1992): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00216401.

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Dolan, John. "Freshwater Ecosystems." Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin 23, no. 4 (November 2014): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lob.201423490a.

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Higgins, Jonathan, John Zablocki, Amy Newsock, Andras Krolopp, Phillip Tabas, and Michael Salama. "Durable Freshwater Protection: A Framework for Establishing and Maintaining Long-Term Protection for Freshwater Ecosystems and the Values They Sustain." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 1950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041950.

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Long-term protection is needed to secure threatened freshwater ecosystems and the social and biodiversity values they provide. In the face of existing and future pressures, current approaches to freshwater protection are often inadequate for maintaining ecosystem values into the future. While terrestrial and marine ecosystem protection are well recognized and have area-based protection goals in global conventions, freshwater ecosystem characteristics have remained poorly represented in these goals. Freshwater ecosystems are commonly secondary or unaddressed components of area-based terrestrial protection. The design and management for terrestrial-based protection are generally inadequate for addressing freshwater ecosystem processes and attributes critical for maintaining their natural patterns and the values they provide to people and nature. Given that freshwater-dependent species are declining at a faster rate than marine and terrestrial species, and the reliance and use of freshwater ecosystems by people living around such areas, approaches to protect them must balance the needs of people and nature and accommodate these complexities.

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Venohr, Markus, Simone D. Langhans, Oliver Peters, Franz Hölker, Robert Arlinghaus, Lewis Mitchell, and Christian Wolter. "The underestimated dynamics and impacts of water-based recreational activities on freshwater ecosystems." Environmental Reviews 26, no. 2 (June 2018): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2017-0024.

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Recreational activities on, in, and along freshwaters (e.g., boating, bathing, angling) positively contribute to human well-being but can also concurrently stress aquatic ecosystems. While outdoor recreation, aquatic ecosystems, and human well-being form coupled social-ecological systems, inherent fluxes and interactions between these have rarely been properly quantified. This paper synthesizes information on links between water-based recreational activities, effects on freshwater ecosystems integrity and recreational quality, and proposes a novel framework for assessment and integrated management. This framework is based on understanding relationships between recreational quality, demand and use, and recreational use-induced impacts on ecosystem state and function, as well as ecological and social carrying capacities. Current management approaches of freshwater ecosystems addressing economic, environmental, or recreational aspects are poorly linked and harmonized, and are further constrained by inadequate information on the dynamics and densities of recreational uses. Novel assessment and monitoring methods are needed to capture the short-term peak dynamics of water-based recreational uses, and we argue social media could play an increasingly important role here. An integrative recreation ecology management concept combined with peak usage information has great potential to form the basis for next-generation management approaches of freshwater and other ecosystems.

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Lee, Jeounghee. "Report on Eight Unrecorded Species of Freshwater Oligochaetes in Korea." Taxonomy 5, no. 1 (February 17, 2025): 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy5010009.

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Freshwater oligochaetes, belonging to the class Oligochaeta, are vital components of aquatic ecosystems globally, contributing significantly to nutrient cycling, sediment dynamics, and overall ecosystem function. Despite their ecological importance, freshwater oligochaetes in Korea remain relatively understudied compared to other aquatic organisms. This study aimed to enhance our understanding of the diversity and ecological roles of freshwater oligochaetes in Korean aquatic ecosystems. We identified nine species across six genera and two subfamilies from samples collected from various freshwater environments in Korea. This research contributes valuable taxonomic knowledge and highlights the ecological significance of freshwater oligochaetes in Korean aquatic ecosystems.

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Kosamu, Ishmael Bobby Mphangwe, Rodgers Makwinja, Chikumbusko Chiziwa Kaonga, Seyoum Mengistou, Emmanuel Kaunda, Tena Alamirew, and Friday Njaya. "Application of DPSIR and Tobit Models in Assessing Freshwater Ecosystems: The Case of Lake Malombe, Malawi." Water 14, no. 4 (February 17, 2022): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14040619.

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Inland freshwater shallow lake ecosystem degradation is indistinctly intertwined with human-induced factors and climate variability. Changes in climate and human-induced factors significantly influence the state of lake ecosystems. This study provides evidence of the driver, pressure, state, impact, and response (DPSIR) indicators for freshwater lake ecosystem dynamics, taking Lake Malombe in Malawi as a case study. We used the DPSIR framework and Tobit model to achieve the study’s objectives. The study’s findings indicate that top-down processes gradually erode Lake Malombe’s ecosystem state. The lake resilience is falling away from its natural state due to increasing rates of drivers, pressures, and impacts, indicating the lake ecosystem’s deterioration. The study shows that demographic, socio–economic, climatic drivers, pressures, state, and responses significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the lake ecosystem’s resilience. The study suggests that substantial freshwater ecosystem management under the current scenario requires a long-term, robust, and sustainable management plan. The findings from this study provide a roadmap for short-term and long-term practical policy-focused responses, particularly in implementing a freshwater ecosystem restoration programs in Malawi and Africa more broadly.

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Filipek, Steve. "Sustainable Freshwater Ecosystems." Ecology 85, no. 2 (February 2004): 585–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2004)085[0585:sfe]2.0.co;2.

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Bănăduc, Doru, Vladica Simić, Kevin Cianfaglione, Sophia Barinova, Sergey Afanasyev, Ahmet Öktener, Grant McCall, Snežana Simić, and Angela Curtean-Bănăduc. "Freshwater as a Sustainable Resource and Generator of Secondary Resources in the 21st Century: Stressors, Threats, Risks, Management and Protection Strategies, and Conservation Approaches." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 9, 2022): 16570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416570.

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This paper is a synthetic overview of some of the threats, risks, and integrated water management elements in freshwater ecosystems. The paper provides some discussion of human needs and water conservation issues related to freshwater systems: (1) introduction and background; (2) water basics and natural cycles; (3) freshwater roles in human cultures and civilizations; (4) water as a biosphere cornerstone; (5) climate as a hydrospheric ‘game changer’ from the perspective of freshwater; (6) human-induced stressors’ effects on freshwater ecosystem changes (pollution, habitat fragmentation, etc.); (7) freshwater ecosystems’ biological resources in the context of unsustainable exploitation/overexploitation; (8) invasive species, parasites, and diseases in freshwater systems; (9) freshwater ecosystems’ vegetation; (10) the relationship between human warfare and water. All of these issues and more create an extremely complex matrix of stressors that plays a driving role in changing freshwater ecosystems both qualitatively and quantitatively, as well as their capacity to offer sustainable products and services to human societies. Only internationally integrated policies, strategies, assessment, monitoring, management, protection, and conservation initiatives can diminish and hopefully stop the long-term deterioration of Earth’s freshwater resources and their associated secondary resources.

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Berger, Elisabeth, Oliver Frör, and Ralf B. Schäfer. "Salinity impacts on river ecosystem processes: a critical mini-review." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1764 (December 3, 2018): 20180010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0010.

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In many dry parts of the world, salinization of water resources threatens freshwater biodiversity and the livelihood of people. However, ecological impact studies remain scarce. Here, we review field-observations of salinity impacts on ecosystem processes such as leaf decomposition, metabolism, biomass production and nutrient cycling, with a special emphasis on dryland ecosystems. In addition, we discuss the potential linkages of these processes to ecosystem service delivery—the benefits that humans derive from ecosystems—as additional nature conservation arguments and the challenges associated with this endeavour. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects'.

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GJONI, VOJSAVA, STAMATIS GHINIS, MAURIZIO PINNA, LUCA MAZZOTTA, GABRIELE MARINI, MARIO CIOTTI, ILARIA ROSATI, FABIO VIGNES, SERENA ARIMA, and ALBERTO BASSET. "Patterns of functional diversity of macroinvertebrates across three aquatic ecosystem types, NE Mediterranean." Mediterranean Marine Science 20, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.19314.

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This study is focused on investigating the variation patterns of macroinvertebrate guilds functional structure, in relation to the taxonomic one, across aquatic ecosystem types along the salinity gradient from freshwater to marine and the resulting implications on guild organization and energy flows. Synoptic samplings have been carried out using the leaf-pack technique at 30 sites of the aquatic ecosystems of the Corfu Island (Greece), including freshwater, lagoon, and marine sites. Here, we analyzed the macroinvertebrate guilds of river, lagoon, and marine ecosystems, as: i. taxonomic composition and population abundance ii. trophic guilds composition and relative abundance; and iii. body size spectra and size patterns. The following variation patterns across the three ecosystem types were observed: a. trophic guild composition and body size spectra were more conservative than taxonomic composition within and among ecosystem types, where, trophic guild and size spectra composition were more similar between river and lagoon ecosystem types than with marine ones; b. a dominance on resource exploitation of large species over smaller ones was inferred at all sites; and, c. higher body size-specific density of individuals was consistently observed in lagoon than in freshwater and marine ecosystems. Results extend previous findings suggesting a common hierarchical organization of benthic macroinvertebrate guilds in aquatic ecosystems and showing that lagoon ecosystems have higher energy density transferred to benthic macroinvertebrates than both freshwater and marine ecosystem types.

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González-Bergonzoni, Ivan, Kasper L. Johansen, Anders Mosbech, Frank Landkildehus, Erik Jeppesen, and Thomas A. Davidson. "Small birds, big effects: the little auk ( Alle alle ) transforms high Arctic ecosystems." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1849 (February 22, 2017): 20162572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2572.

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In some arctic areas, marine-derived nutrients (MDN) resulting from fish migrations fuel freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems, increasing primary production and biodiversity. Less is known, however, about the role of seabird-MDN in shaping ecosystems. Here, we examine how the most abundant seabird in the North Atlantic, the little auk ( Alle alle ), alters freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems around the North Water Polynya (NOW) in Greenland. We compare stable isotope ratios ( δ 15 N and δ 13 C) of freshwater and terrestrial biota, terrestrial vegetation indices and physical–chemical properties, productivity and community structure of fresh waters in catchments with and without little auk colonies. The presence of colonies profoundly alters freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems by providing nutrients and massively enhancing primary production. Based on elevated δ 15 N in MDN, we estimate that MDN fuels more than 85% of terrestrial and aquatic biomass in bird influenced systems. Furthermore, by using different proxies of bird impact (colony distance, algal δ 15 N) it is possible to identify a gradient in ecosystem response to increasing bird impact. Little auk impact acidifies the freshwater systems, reducing taxonomic richness of macroinvertebrates and truncating food webs. These results demonstrate that the little auk acts as an ecosystem engineer, transforming ecosystems across a vast region of Northwest Greenland.

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Bogardi, Janos J., Jan Leentvaar, and Zita Sebesvári. "Biologia Futura: integrating freshwater ecosystem health in water resources management." Biologia Futura 71, no. 4 (August 5, 2020): 337–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42977-020-00031-7.

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AbstractSustainable water use implies the simultaneous protection of water quality and quantity. Beyond their function to support human needs such as drinking water provision, transportation and recreation freshwater bodies are also habitats. Conceiving them as water users on their own with respective biological, physico-chemical and morphological requirements could help maintaining their healthy state. Healthy freshwater ecosystems are also attractive for high-value human uses. Dwindling per capita availability of water, increasing demands, human well-being and climate change lead to competition for, and pressures on freshwater ecosystems. This has been conceptualized through the modification of the drivers–pressures–state–impacts–responses framework. This distinguishes between pressures, associated with the achievement of human well-being, and stressors, which are defined as the negative effect of excessive pressures or combination thereof on aquatic ecosystems. Guidelines usually specify threshold values to classify water bodies as appropriate for certain utilitarian uses. However, only few guidelines focus on freshwater ecosystem health. Eight guidelines for monitoring of freshwater ecosystem health were analysed in the UNEP-funded project “International Water Quality Guidelines for Ecosystems”. Based on this review, general benchmark values are proposed for key physico-chemical indicators. Furthermore, adaptive pathways towards improved monitoring and protection of the health of freshwater ecosystems are recommended. In this paper, we review the main findings of the report and also review its recent uptake. Water quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems cannot be conceived without societal consensus and vision. Different climatic, geographical and socioeconomic contexts are to be considered too. Their development is embedded in an adaptive cycle. Its multiple phases and steps indicate a long-term approach including reassessment and potential revisions.

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Lin, Qiaoyan, Yu Song, Yixin Zhang, Jian Li Hao, and Zhijie Wu. "Strategies for Restoring and Managing Ecological Corridors of Freshwater Ecosystem." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 29, 2022): 15921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315921.

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Along with accelerating urbanization and associated anthropogenic disturbance, the structure and function of freshwater ecosystems worldwide are substantially damaged. To improve ecosystem health, and thus enhance the ecosystem security of the urban ecosystem, numbers of management approaches and engineering projects have been applied to mitigate the degradation of freshwaters. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of comprehensive and systematic research on the ecological corridor restoration of freshwater ecosystems; especially for Suzhou Grand Canal, one section of the world’s longest and ancient Grand Canal which is inclined to severe ecosystem degradation. Through investigating the adjacent land use characteristics, habitat quality, vegetation cover, instream water quality, and habitat composition, we aimed to: (i) assess the water quality of the Suzhou Grand Canal; (ii) evaluate the ecological characteristics of the canal ecosystem; (iii) develop strategic countermeasures to restore the ecological corridors for the mitigation of ecological problems. The results demonstrated: a large built area, a smaller ecological zone, a low habitat quality and habitat connectivity, and a high degree of habitat fragmentation within the canal corridor, also a simplified instream habitat composition, and greater nutrient and COD concentrations in the surface water—especially in the upstream and midstream canal. All urbanization-induced multiple stressors, such as land use changes, altered hydrology, and the simplified riparian zone et al., contributed synergistically to the degradation of the canal ecosystem. To alleviate the ecosystem deterioration, three aspects of recommendations were proposed: water pollution control, watershed ecosystem restoration, and ecological network construction. Basically, building a comprehensive watershed ecological network—on the basis of associated ecosystem restoration, and the connection of multi-dimensional ecological corridors—would dramatically increase the maintenance of aquatic–terrestrial system biodiversity, and improve the regional ecological security pattern and watershed resilience toward stochastic future disturbances. This study contributes to the understanding of the ecological challenges and related causes of the canal ecosystem. The integrated strategy introduced in this study provides policymakers, water resource managers, and planners with comprehensive guidelines to restore and manage the ecological corridor of the canal ecosystem. This can be used as a reference in freshwater ecosystems elsewhere, to improve ecosystem stability for supporting the sustainable development of urban ecosystems.

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Lapointe, Nicolas W. R., Steven J. Cooke, Jack G. Imhof, Daniel Boisclair, John M. Casselman, R. Allen Curry, Otto E. Langer, et al. "Principles for ensuring healthy and productive freshwater ecosystems that support sustainable fisheries." Environmental Reviews 22, no. 2 (June 2014): 110–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2013-0038.

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Freshwater ecosystems and the fisheries they support are increasingly threatened by human activities. To aid in their management and protection, we outline nine key principles for supporting healthy and productive ecosystems based on the best available science, including laws of physics and chemistry apply to ecology; population dynamics are regulated by reproduction, mortality, and growth; habitat quantity and quality are prerequisites of fish productivity; connectivity among habitats is essential for movements of fishes and their resources; freshwater species and their habitats are tightly linked to surrounding watersheds; biodiversity can enhance ecosystem resiliency and productivity; global processes affect local populations; anthropogenic stressors have cumulative effects; and evolutionary processes can be important. Based on these principles, we provide general recommendations for managing and protecting freshwater ecosystems and the fisheries they support, with examples of successful implementation for each strategy. Key management strategies include engage and consult with stakeholders; ensure that agencies have sufficient capacity, legislation, and authority to implement policies and management plans; define metrics by which fisheries resources and management success or failure will be measured; identify and account for threats to ecosystem productivity; adopt the precautionary approach to management; embrace adaptive management; implement ecosystem-based management; account for all ecosystem services provided by aquatic ecosystems; protect and restore habitat as the foundation for fisheries; and protect biodiversity. Ecosystems are complex with many intertwined components and ignoring linkages and processes significantly reduces the probability of management success. These principles must be considered when identifying management options and developing policies aiming to protect productive freshwater ecosystems and sustainable fisheries.

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Schuler, Matthew S., Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles, William D. Hintz, Brenda Dyack, Sebastian Birk, and Rick A. Relyea. "Regulations are needed to protect freshwater ecosystems from salinization." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1764 (December 3, 2018): 20180019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0019.

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Anthropogenic activities such as mining, agriculture and industrial wastes have increased the rate of salinization of freshwater ecosystems around the world. Despite the known and probable consequences of freshwater salinization, few consequential regulatory standards and management procedures exist. Current regulations are generally inadequate because they are regionally inconsistent, lack legal consequences and have few ion-specific standards. The lack of ion-specific standards is problematic, because each anthropogenic source of freshwater salinization is associated with a distinct set of ions that can present unique social and economic costs. Additionally, the environmental and toxicological consequences of freshwater salinization are often dependent on the occurrence, concentration and ratios of specific ions. Therefore, to protect fresh waters from continued salinization, discrete, ion-specific management and regulatory strategies should be considered for each source of freshwater salinization, using data from standardized, ion-specific monitoring practices. To develop comprehensive monitoring, regulatory, and management guidelines, we recommend the use of co-adaptive, multi-stakeholder approaches that balance environmental, social, and economic costs and benefits associated with freshwater salinization. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects’.

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Zou, Yang, and Dehua Mao. "Simulation of Freshwater Ecosystem Service Flows under Land-Use Change: A Case Study of Lianshui River Basin, China." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 10, 2022): 3270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063270.

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The service function of freshwater ecosystem is of great significance for ensuring the water security and the sustainable development of the social economy. However, it is vague how land-use change can influence freshwater ecosystem service flows. In this paper, we analyzed the land-use changes in the Lianshui River Basin from 2000 to 2018, built an ecosystem service flow model, and quantified the supply, demand, and flow of freshwater ecosystems under land-use change. The most intensified shifts of land-use change were the transfer of woodland to arable land and the transfer of arable land to built-up land. Urbanization and deforestation have increased water output by 0.06 billion m3, but water demand has increased by 2.42 billion m3, resulting in a 6% reduction in the flow of freshwater ecosystem services. Our study provides detailed information on freshwater ecosystem services flow from providers to beneficiaries within a watershed, showing how land-use change and ecosystem service flows can be integrated at the watershed scale to provide information for land-use management and the availability of freshwater ecosystems. Sustained development provides a scientific basis.

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Bury, Gwendolynn W., Rebecca Flitcroft, Mark D. Nelson, Ivan Arismendi, and Evan B. Brooks. "Forest-Associated Fishes of the Conterminous United States." Water 13, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 2528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13182528.

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Freshwaters are important, interconnected, and imperiled. Aquatic ecosystems, including freshwater fishes, are closely tied to the terrestrial ecosystems they are embedded within, yet available spatially explicit datasets have been underutilized to determine associations between freshwater fishes and forested areas. Here, we determined the spatial co-occurrence between freshwater fish distributions and forests within 2129 watersheds of the conterminous United States. We identified 21% of freshwater fishes as associated with forested areas, and 2% as strictly present only in highly forested areas (75–100% forested). The northern coasts and southeast regions, both heavily forested, showed the largest numbers of forest-associated fishes in highly forested areas and fish species richness. Fish associated with low-forested areas occurred in the southwest and central plains. Imperiled fishes were relatively evenly distributed among percent forest categories, which was distinctly different from patterns for all fishes. The identification of forest-associated fishes provides insights regarding species-specific landscape contexts. Determining these large-scale patterns of freshwater biodiversity is necessary for conservation planning at regional levels, especially in highly impacted freshwater ecosystems.

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Chai, Xeai Li, H. Rohasliney, and I. S. Kamaruddin. "Evaluating the Tropical Reservoir Health by using the Index of Biotic Integrity as a Management Tool for Resource Conservation Planning." Sains Malaysiana 51, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 3897–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5112-03.

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Biotic Integrity index (IBI) is widely utilized for biomonitoring in aquatic ecosystems, especially in assessing aquatic ecosystem health worldwide. Environmental changes significantly impact the aquatic ecosystem’s health of Subang Reservoir, which consequently affects the aquatic biodiversity. This study was conducted to determine its ecosystem’s health by assessing the IBI of freshwater fish in Subang Reservoir. In this study, thirty-four metrics were firstly selected as candidate metrics, and later, these thirty-four metrics underwent several statistical tests such as range, responsiveness, redundancy, and metrics scoring to screen and select the most appropriate metrics. A final eight metrics were selected after the statistical analysis, and a total score of 24 indicated that the Subang Reservoir’s ecosystem shows some stress due to an imbalanced fish guild. This showed that the ecosystem’s health of Subang Reservoir is in fair condition. This is because of the limitation of fish entering Subang Reservoir. The implementation of biomonitoring can be improved by modifying and selecting the most appropriate techniques, and the usage of biomonitoring can be increased in Malaysia’s freshwater ecosystems. The result reported in this study can be used as a scientific base data for implementing biomonitoring.

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Marazzi, Luca, Evelyn Gaiser, Maarten Eppinga, Jay Sah, Lu Zhai, Edward Castañeda-Moya, and Christine Angelini. "Why Do We Need to Document and Conserve Foundation Species in Freshwater Wetlands?" Water 11, no. 2 (February 3, 2019): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020265.

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Foundation species provide habitat to other organisms and enhance ecosystem functions, such as nutrient cycling, carbon storage and sequestration, and erosion control. We focus on freshwater wetlands because these ecosystems are often characterized by foundation species; eutrophication and other environmental changes may cause the loss of some of these species, thus severely damaging wetland ecosystems. To better understand how wetland primary producer foundation species support other species and ecosystem functions across environmental gradients, we reviewed ~150 studies in subtropical, boreal, and temperate freshwater wetlands. We look at how the relative dominance of conspicuous and well-documented species (i.e., sawgrass, benthic diatoms and cyanobacteria, Sphagnum mosses, and bald cypress) and the foundational roles they play interact with hydrology, nutrient availability, and exposure to fire and salinity in representative wetlands. Based on the evidence analyzed, we argue that the foundation species concept should be more broadly applied to include organisms that regulate ecosystems at different spatial scales, notably the microscopic benthic algae that critically support associated communities and mediate freshwater wetlands’ ecosystem functioning. We give recommendations on how further research efforts can be prioritized to best inform the conservation of foundation species and of the freshwater wetlands they support.

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Robarts, R. D. "DECOMPOSITION IN FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS." Journal of the Limnological Society of Southern Africa 12, no. 1-2 (January 1986): 72–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03779688.1986.9639399.

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Hamilton, E. I. "Phosphorous in freshwater ecosystems." Science of The Total Environment 92 (March 1990): 291–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(90)90351-t.

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Den Hartog, C. "Periphyton of freshwater ecosystems." Aquatic Botany 22, no. 1 (June 1985): 98–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(85)90038-5.

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T. Kingsford, Richard, and Jon Nevill. "Urgent need for a systematic expansion of freshwater protected areas in Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 12, no. 1 (2006): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc060007.

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Freshwater ecosystems (including inland saline wetlands and mound springs) are among the more imperilled ecosystems in the world. Australia is no exception, but their protection has lagged behind programmes of terrestrial protection. Freshwater protected areas are an essential component of biodiversity conservation programmes, but a systematic approach to their development in Australia has been slow, and hindered by incomplete ecosystem inventories at State and national levels. We examine this problem and suggest avenues for action. Further, while there is no shortage of relevant legislation and policy for protecting freshwater aquatic systems in Australia, some protective mechanisms have not yet been used, many years after their development. In some places "protection" has been only partially applied without regard to important issues of hydrologic connectivity ? with species extinction as a direct consequence. The most urgent priority is to identify those aquatic ecosystems most at risk. A comprehensive national assessment of the conservation status of freshwater ecosystems should be undertaken immediately. Such an assessment would provide both a platform and an impetus for the systematic expansion of the nation's freshwater protected areas. Political will is then essential for effective conservation, utilizing the plethora of conservation and management tools available.

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Debeljak, Pavla, and Federico Baltar. "Fungal Diversity and Community Composition across Ecosystems." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 5 (April 25, 2023): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9050510.

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Fungi have shaped the biosphere since the development of life on Earth. Despite fungi being present in all environments, most of the available fungal research has focused on soils. As a result, the role and composition of fungal communities in aquatic (marine and freshwater) environments remain largely unexplored. The use of different primers to characterise fungal communities has additionally complicated intercomparisons among studies. Consequently, we lack a basic global assessment of fungal diversity across major ecosystems. Here, we took advantage of a recently published 18S rRNA dataset comprising samples from major ecosystems (terrestrial, freshwater, and marine) to attempt a global assessment of fungal diversity and community composition. We found the highest fungal diversities for terrestrial > freshwater > marine environments, and pronounced gradients of fungal diversity along temperature, salinity, and latitude in all ecosystems. We also identified the most abundant taxa in each of these ecosystems, mostly dominated by Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, except in freshwater rivers where Chytridiomycota dominated. Collectively, our analysis provides a global analysis of fungal diversity across all major environmental ecosystems, highlighting the most distinct order and ASVs (amplicon sequencing variants) by ecosystem, and thus filling a critical gap in the study of the Earth’s mycobiome.

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Emmerton, Craig A., Vincent L. St. Louis, Igor Lehnherr, Jennifer A. Graydon, Jane L. Kirk, and Kimberly J. Rondeau. "The importance of freshwater systems to the net atmospheric exchange of carbon dioxide and methane with a rapidly changing high Arctic watershed." Biogeosciences 13, no. 20 (October 26, 2016): 5849–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5849-2016.

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Abstract. A warming climate is rapidly changing the distribution and exchanges of carbon within high Arctic ecosystems. Few data exist, however, which quantify exchange of both carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) between the atmosphere and freshwater systems, or estimate freshwater contributions to total catchment exchange of these gases, in the high Arctic. During the summers of 2005 and 2007–2012, we quantified CO2 and CH4 concentrations in, and atmospheric exchange with, common freshwater systems in the high Arctic watershed of Lake Hazen, Nunavut, Canada. We identified four types of biogeochemically distinct freshwater systems in the watershed; however mean CO2 concentrations (21–28 µmol L−1) and atmospheric exchange (−0.013 to +0.046 g C–CO2 m−2 day−1) were similar between these systems. Seasonal flooding of ponds bordering Lake Hazen generated considerable CH4 emissions to the atmosphere (+0.008 g C–CH4 m−2 day−1), while all other freshwater systems were minimal emitters of this gas (< +0.001 g C–CH4 m−2 day−1). When using ecosystem-cover classification mapping and data from previous studies, we found that freshwaters were unimportant contributors to total watershed carbon exchange, in part because they covered less than 10 % of total area in the watershed. High Arctic watersheds are experiencing warmer and wetter climates than in the past, which may have implications for moisture availability, landscape cover, and the exchange of CO2 and CH4 of underproductive but expansive polar semidesert ecosystems.

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Ekinadose Orose, Edafe Odioko, and Okechukwu Kenneth Wokeh. "Catalogue of Some Saltwater and Freshwater Fish Species of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 9, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 056–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.9.3.0075.

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The study was done to review some saltwater and freshwater fish species in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The Niger Delta is one of the most prominent regions in Nigeria, endowed with several water bodies that are distributed as freshwater like rivers, lakes, streams and creeks. These freshwater ecosystems in the region, are abundantly endowed with fish species such as Clarias gariepinus, Pila ovate, Labeo coubie, Synodontis budgetti and Synodontis eupterus. Apart from the freshwaters, the region also has vast marine ecosystem with abundance of fish species such as Elops lacerta, Mugil cephalus, Thais coronata, Periophthalmus papilio, Tympanotonus fuscatus, and Sardinella maderensis. Unfortunately, many of these fish species are endangered due to constant pollution in the Niger delta regional coastal environment. As a result, it is important to document some available freshwater and marine water fish species which will serve as a reference material for both academics and research institutions, should any of the fish species go into extinction.

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Di Lorenzo, Tiziana, Grant C. Hose, and Diana M. P. Galassi. "Assessment of Different Contaminants in Freshwater: Origin, Fate and Ecological Impact." Water 12, no. 6 (June 24, 2020): 1810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061810.

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Freshwater ecosystems cover over 15% of the world’s surface and provide ecosystem services that are pivotal in sustaining human society. However, fast-growing anthropogenic activities have deleterious impacts on these ecosystems. In this Special Issue, we collect ten studies encompassing five different factors of freshwater contamination: landfill leaks, nutrients, heavy metals, emerging organic contaminants and marble slurry. Using different approaches, the studies detailed the direct and indirect effects that these contaminants have on a range of freshwater organisms, from bacteria to vertebrates. Although the papers covered here focused on specific case studies, they exemplify common issues that are expanding in groundwaters, hyporheic zones, streams, lakes and ponds around the world. All the aspects of these issues are in dire need of being continuously discussed among scientists, end-users and policy-makers. To this end, the Special Issue presents a new free software suite for the analysis of the ecological risk and conservation priority of freshwater ecosystems. The software can support local authorities in the preparation of management plans for freshwater basins pursuant to the Water Directives in Europe.

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Ndukwe, N. N., and H. I. Ibrahim. "ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE GENES IN FRESHWATER ENVIRONMENT: SOURCES, FATE, ECOLOGICAL IMPACT AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 8, no. 6 (December 31, 2024): 217–33. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0806-3094.

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Global public health is seriously threatened by antibiotic resistance, making the identification of environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) a crucial area of study. Freshwater ecosystems are particularly important for the spread of ARGs because of the intricate interactions between diverse microbial populations, human activities, and various antibiotic contamination sources. This review aims to offer a thorough understanding of the origin, progression, environmental impact, and medical significance of ARGs in freshwater environment. ARGs enter freshwater systems through various means, including the release of treated and untreated wastewater, agricultural drainage, and discharge of antibiotics and their byproducts. Once introduced, ARGs can endure freshwater environments through processes, such as horizontal gene transfer, co-selection, and biofilm formation. Moreover, the presence of ARGs in freshwater ecosystems has significant ecological consequences, affecting microbial diversity, ecosystem functions, and biogeochemical processes. The clinical relevance of ARGs in freshwater environments is a matter of concern. These genes can be transmitted to disease-causing bacteria, resulting in treatment failure and proliferation of infections that are resistant to multiple drugs. Additionally, the potential for ARGs to contaminate drinking water supplies raises concerns regarding human health. To develop effective strategies for combating the proliferation of antibiotic resistance, it is crucial to understand the behavior of ARGs in freshwater ecosystems. This review emphasizes the necessity of enhanced wastewater treatment technologies, responsible antibiotic usage, and sustainable farming practices to decrease the release and persistence of ARGs in freshwater ecosystems, ultimately protecting public health and maintaining the ecological balance of these vital habitats.

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Chen, Amanda. "Impact of Microplastic Pollution on Freshwater Ecosystems and Effective Mitigation Measures in Canada." European Journal of Physical Sciences 5, no. 2 (May 3, 2023): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ejps.1442.

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Purpose: This study investigates the impact of microplastic pollution on freshwater ecosystems and effective mitigation measures in Canada. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low-cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The literature review and research findings demonstrate that microplastic pollution is significantly impacting freshwater ecosystems in Canada. Microplastics can accumulate in water, biota, and sediments, leading to water quality changes, ecological disruptions, and potential risks to human health. The study also highlights the ecological and societal impacts of microplastic pollution, such as changes in habitat structure, alterations in food webs, and potential health risks. Various mitigation measures, including source reduction, wastewater treatment, education and awareness, policy and regulatory measures, and ecosystem-based approaches, are effective in reducing microplastic pollution in freshwater environments. Recommendations: This study contributes to the understanding of microplastic pollution's impact on freshwater ecosystems and effective mitigation measures in Canada. The research advances knowledge in environmental science, freshwater ecology, and pollution management, providing insights into sources, pathways, and impacts of microplastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems, and the effectiveness of various mitigation measures. The findings have practical implications for policymakers, environmental managers, and stakeholders involved in freshwater management and pollution control, highlighting the need for interdisciplinary approaches, stakeholder engagement, and evidence-based policy and management strategies to mitigate the negative effects of microplastic pollution on freshwater ecosystems and safeguard their health and sustainability.

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Koreivienė, Judita, Olga Belous, and Jūratė Kasperovičienė. "Variations of microcystins in freshwater ecosystems." Botanica Lithuanica 19, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/botlit-2013-0017.

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Abstract Koreivienė J., Belous O., Kasperovičienė J., 2012: Variations of microcystins in freshwater ecosystems [Mikrocystinai gėlavandenėse ekosistemose]. - Bot. Lith., 19(2): 139-148 Increased frequency, severity of harmful algae blooms and their extent worldwide have become a global challenge due to the production of toxins that are released to the water. Cyanotoxins are detected in 25-75% of blooms. Hazardous hepatotoxin-microcystin potential producers, spatial and temporal variations of toxins as well as their variations depending on environmental variables are discussed in this overview. The most common species among microcystin producers belong to the genera Dolichospermum and Microcystis. Variations of the amount of microcystins detected through the bloom are associated with the dominant cyanobacteria species or its genotype. The abundance of toxic cyanobacteria genotype and cyanotoxin values increase with the rise of water temperature and nutrient concentrations in the freshwaters. On the seasonal basis, cell-bound microcystin concentrations increase with bloom development, whereas extracellular cyanotoxin values rise with the senescing of bloom after cyanobacterial cell lysis.

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Gell, Peter. "Wetland management: preparing for climate and coastal change using adaptation pathways." E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020201004.

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Freshwater ecosystems are among the most threatened in the world. The list of threatened species in freshwater ecosystems is greater than that in terrestrial or marine systems and freshwater vertebrates are particularly at risk. Freshwater wetlands have evolved in coastal zones protected from tidal influence by barrier dune systems. Similarly, estuaries have supported zones of low salinity diluted by flows from land, but water resource development has limited these flows and driven ecological change in estuarine systems. These historical uses of river flows, and the impacts of catchment development on water quality and yields, have combined to threaten coastal wetland ecosystems. They are now under increasing threat through climate change driven alterations to hydroclimatic conditions, as well an rising sea levels which risk inundation of low lying coastal regions, including wetlands. Coastal freshwater systems offer considerable ecosystem services to human systems and host significant biodiversity assets. These have been subjected to increased risk through catchment and coastal development, but are now acutely threatened through changed river flows and elevated sea levels that result from climate change. Managing these systems requires an adaptation pathways approach that accommodates human needs, and society’s obligations to global biodiversity.

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Torkar, Gregor, and Petra Mohar. "Educational outcomes from summer camps on conservation of freshwater ecosystems." Acta Biologica Slovenica 56, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/abs.56.1.15551.

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the educational outcomes of different activities organized through summer camps concerning the conservation of freshwater ecosystems. The six-day duration camps were organised in three different locations across Slovenia. The camps were attended by 15 males and 27 females, aged 11 to 18 years. Educational outcomes were measured on the fifth and sixth day of each camp, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Results showed that participants greatly enjoyed attending the camps. The respondents reported that they learned much about freshwater ecosystems, fauna and flora, different research methods and handling research equipment. They also showed a high awareness andunderstanding of problems related to freshwater ecosystem conservation.

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Quenta-Herrera, Estefania, Verónica Crespo-Pérez, Bryan G. Mark, Ana Lía Gonzales, and Aino Kulonen. "Mountain freshwater ecosystems and protected areas in the tropical Andes: insights and gaps for climate change adaptation." Environmental Conservation 49, no. 1 (December 2, 2021): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892921000382.

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SummaryAlthough protected areas (PAs) play an important role in ecosystem conservation and climate change adaptation, no systematic information is available on PA protection of high-elevation freshwater ecosystems (e.g., lakes and watersheds with glaciers), their biodiversity and their ecosystem services in the tropical Andes. We therefore combined a literature review and map analysis of PAs of International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and national systems of PAs and freshwater ecosystems. We found that seven national parks were created for water resources protection but were not designed for freshwater conservation (i.e., larger watersheds). High-value biodiversity sites have not been protected, and new local PAs were created due to water resource needs. We quantified 31 Ramsar sites and observed that PAs cover 12% of lakes, 31% of glacial lakes and 12% of the total stream length in the tropical Andes. Additionally, 120 watersheds (average area 631 km2) with glaciers and 40% of the total glacier surface area were covered by PAs. Future research into the role of PAs in ecosystem services provision and more detailed freshwater inventories within and around PAs, especially for those dependent on glacier runoff, will fill key knowledge gaps for freshwater conservation and climate change adaptation in the tropical Andes.

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Jacobus, Luke M., Craig R. Macadam, and Michel Sartori. "Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) and Their Contributions to Ecosystem Services." Insects 10, no. 6 (June 14, 2019): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10060170.

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This work is intended as a general and concise overview of Ephemeroptera biology, diversity, and services provided to humans and other parts of our global array of freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. The Ephemeroptera, or mayflies, are a small but diverse order of amphinotic insects associated with liquid freshwater worldwide. They are nearly cosmopolitan, except for Antarctica and some very remote islands. The existence of the subimago stage is unique among extant insects. Though the winged stages do not have functional mouthparts or digestive systems, the larval, or nymphal, stages have a variety of feeding approaches—including, but not limited to, collector-gatherers, filterers, scrapers, and active predators—with each supported by a diversity of morphological and behavioral adaptations. Mayflies provide direct and indirect services to humans and other parts of both freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. In terms of cultural services, they have provided inspiration to musicians, poets, and other writers, as well as being the namesakes of various water- and aircraft. They are commemorated by festivals worldwide. Mayflies are especially important to fishing. Mayflies contribute to the provisioning services of ecosystems in that they are utilized as food by human cultures worldwide (having one of the highest protein contents of any edible insect), as laboratory organisms, and as a potential source of antitumor molecules. They provide regulatory services through their cleaning of freshwater. They provide many essential supporting services for ecosystems such as bioturbation, bioirrigation, decomposition, nutrition for many kinds of non-human animals, nutrient cycling and spiraling in freshwaters, nutrient cycling between aquatic and terrestrial systems, habitat for other organisms, and serving as indicators of ecosystem health. About 20% of mayfly species worldwide might have a threatened conservation status due to influences from pollution, invasive alien species, habitat loss and degradation, and climate change. Even mitigation of negative influences has benefits and tradeoffs, as, in several cases, sustainable energy production negatively impacts mayflies.

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Joy, Mike. "New Zealand’s freshwater disaster." New Zealand Science Review 71, no. 4 (November 22, 2023): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/nzsr.v71.8643.

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Freshwater ecosystems in New Zealand have been under considerable and increasing stress since European colonisation. The draining of ninety per cent of wetlands and the removal of a similar amount of indigenous vegetation cover has placed much strain on the health of freshwater bodies. These changes wrought massive impacts through the loss of the crucial hydrologic and biological functions performed by intact wetland and forest ecosystems. These impacts have been exacerbated by the more recent intensification of farming, with the concomitant addition of excess nutrients and sediment to water as well as the effects of urbanisation and introductions of exotic fish species. The cumulative impacts of all these changes can be seen with declining water physicochemical measures and the biological status of freshwater ecosystems. The most obvious impacts are revealed by biological indicators, with seventy-four per cent of the native freshwater fish species listed as threatened, and ninety per cent of lowland waterways and sixty-two per cent of all waterways failing bathing standards. Lowland lakes are under immense pressure; forty-four per cent of monitored lakes are eutrophic or worse and they are mostly the lowland lakes. The legislative response from central and local government to the obvious declines has failed to halt or even slow the deterioration. In contrast, government initiatives to increase farming intensification mean there is no chance of improvement, and further declines will be the future for New Zealand freshwaters.

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Clews, Esther, Yijun Lin, and Esther Clews. "Biomonitoring of Singapore’s Freshwater Ecosystems." CITYGREEN 01, no. 5 (2012): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/s201009811500064x.

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Alvarez-Cobelas, Miguel. "Eutrophication in Spanish freshwater ecosystems." Limnetica 8, no. 1 (June 15, 1992): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.23818/limn.08.26.

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Voronin, L. V. "Zoosporic fungi in freshwater ecosystems." Inland Water Biology 1, no. 4 (October 2008): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1995082908040056.

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Rieradevall, M., and J. Cambra. "Urban freshwater ecosystems in Barcelona." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 25, no. 3 (January 1994): 1369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1992.11900396.

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OGUNSEITAN, OLADELE A. "Genetic transduction in freshwater ecosystems." Freshwater Biology 53, no. 6 (June 2008): 1228–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01857.x.

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ORMEROD, S. J., M. DOBSON, A. G. HILDREW, and C. R. TOWNSEND. "Multiple stressors in freshwater ecosystems." Freshwater Biology 55 (January 2010): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02395.x.

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Wetzel, Robert G. "Freshwater ecosystems, modelling and simulation." Aquatic Botany 31, no. 3-4 (August 1988): 373–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(88)90027-7.

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Mitsch, William J. "Freshwater Ecosystems: Modelling and simulation." Ecological Modelling 35, no. 3-4 (March 1987): 310–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(87)90118-9.

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Carpenter, Stephen R., Stuart G. Fisher, Nancy B. Grimm, and James F. Kitchell. "Global Change and Freshwater Ecosystems." Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 23, no. 1 (November 1992): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.23.110192.001003.

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Kuemmerlen, Mathias, Thomas Petzoldt, and Sami Domisch. "Ecological models in freshwater ecosystems." Fundamental and Applied Limnology / Archiv für Hydrobiologie 186, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/fal/2015/0746.

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Crossland, N. O. "Hazard assessment in freshwater ecosystems." Toxicology Letters 64-65 (December 1992): 511–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(92)90226-a.

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Power, Mary E. "Tropical freshwater ecosystems in transition." Environmental Biology of Fishes 20, no. 3 (November 1987): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00004958.

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Gwynfryn Jones, J. "Freshwater Ecosystems—Structure and Response." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 50, no. 2 (October 2001): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/eesa.2001.2079.

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Khatiwada, Janak Raj, Jagan Nath Adhikari, Deepak Rijal, and Lila Nath Sharma. "Freshwater biodiversity in western Nepal: A review." Nepalese Journal of Zoology 5, no. 1 (July 6, 2021): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njz.v5i1.38290.

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Western Nepal is known for its rich freshwater resources that support diverse flora and fauna. Freshwater ecosystems of western Nepal provide multitudes of ecosystem goods, services (irrigation, hydroelectricity, drinking water) to humans, and provide breeding and feeding grounds for many wetland-dependent flora and fauna. But these wetlands are under tremendous pressure mainly due to anthropogenic activities. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the freshwater biodiversity, distributions of wetlands and their status in western Nepal. From this review, we found that western Nepal is rich in freshwater resources and supports diverse flora and fauna. The biologically significant Karnali River is the home of a globally endangered species, the South Asian river dolphin. We also discuss the conservation history of wetlands, identify the gaps, and further suggest priority hotspots for the formulation of future conservation strategies for these ecosystems.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Freshwater ecosystems'

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