Relevant bibliographies by topics / Freshwater ecosystems

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Freshwater ecosystems'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Freshwater ecosystems"

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Alahuhta, Janne, Tibor Erős, Olli-Matti Kärnä, Janne Soininen, Jianjun Wang, and Jani Heino. "Understanding environmental change through the lens of trait-based, functional, and phylogenetic biodiversity in freshwater ecosystems." Environmental Reviews 27, no. 2 (June 2019): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2018-0071.

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In the era of the Anthropocene, environmental change is accelerating biodiversity loss across ecosystems on Earth, among which freshwaters are likely the most threatened. Different biodiversity facets in the freshwater realm suffer from various environmental changes that jeopardize the ecosystem functions and services important for humankind. In this work we examine how environmental changes (e.g., climate change, eutrophication, or invasive species) affect trait-based, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of biological communities. We first developed a simple conceptual model of the possible relationships between environmental change and these three diversity facets in freshwaters and, secondly, systematically reviewed articles where these relationships had been investigated in different freshwater ecosystems. Finally, we highlighted research gaps from the perspectives of organisms, ecosystems, stressors, and geographical locations. Our conceptual model suggested that both natural factors and global change operating at various spatial scales influence freshwater community structure and ecosystem functioning. The relationships between biodiversity and environmental change depend on geographical region, organism group, spatial scale, and environmental change gradient length. The systematic review revealed that environmental change impacts biodiversity patterns in freshwaters, but there is no single type of biodiversity response to the observed global changes. Natural stressors had different, even contradictory, effects (i.e., multiple, negative, and positive) on biodiversity compared with anthropogenic stressors. Anthropogenic stressors more often decreased biodiversity, although eutrophication and climate change affected freshwater ecosystems in a complex, more multi-dimensional way. The research gaps we identified were related, for example, to the low number of community-based biodiversity studies, the lack of information on true phylogenies for all freshwater organism groups, the missing evaluations whether species traits are phylogenetically conserved, and the geographical biases in research (i.e., absence of studies from Africa, Southern Asia, and Russia). We hope that our review will stimulate more research on the less well-known facets and topics of biodiversity loss in highly vulnerable freshwater ecosystems.
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Dolan, John. "Freshwater Ecosystems." Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin 23, no. 4 (November 2014): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lob.201423490a.

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Northcote, T. G. "Freshwater ecosystems." GeoJournal 28, no. 1 (September 1992): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00216401.

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Higgins, Jonathan, John Zablocki, Amy Newsock, Andras Krolopp, Phillip Tabas, and Michael Salama. "Durable Freshwater Protection: A Framework for Establishing and Maintaining Long-Term Protection for Freshwater Ecosystems and the Values They Sustain." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 1950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041950.

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Long-term protection is needed to secure threatened freshwater ecosystems and the social and biodiversity values they provide. In the face of existing and future pressures, current approaches to freshwater protection are often inadequate for maintaining ecosystem values into the future. While terrestrial and marine ecosystem protection are well recognized and have area-based protection goals in global conventions, freshwater ecosystem characteristics have remained poorly represented in these goals. Freshwater ecosystems are commonly secondary or unaddressed components of area-based terrestrial protection. The design and management for terrestrial-based protection are generally inadequate for addressing freshwater ecosystem processes and attributes critical for maintaining their natural patterns and the values they provide to people and nature. Given that freshwater-dependent species are declining at a faster rate than marine and terrestrial species, and the reliance and use of freshwater ecosystems by people living around such areas, approaches to protect them must balance the needs of people and nature and accommodate these complexities.
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Kosamu, Ishmael Bobby Mphangwe, Rodgers Makwinja, Chikumbusko Chiziwa Kaonga, Seyoum Mengistou, Emmanuel Kaunda, Tena Alamirew, and Friday Njaya. "Application of DPSIR and Tobit Models in Assessing Freshwater Ecosystems: The Case of Lake Malombe, Malawi." Water 14, no. 4 (February 17, 2022): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14040619.

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Inland freshwater shallow lake ecosystem degradation is indistinctly intertwined with human-induced factors and climate variability. Changes in climate and human-induced factors significantly influence the state of lake ecosystems. This study provides evidence of the driver, pressure, state, impact, and response (DPSIR) indicators for freshwater lake ecosystem dynamics, taking Lake Malombe in Malawi as a case study. We used the DPSIR framework and Tobit model to achieve the study’s objectives. The study’s findings indicate that top-down processes gradually erode Lake Malombe’s ecosystem state. The lake resilience is falling away from its natural state due to increasing rates of drivers, pressures, and impacts, indicating the lake ecosystem’s deterioration. The study shows that demographic, socio–economic, climatic drivers, pressures, state, and responses significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the lake ecosystem’s resilience. The study suggests that substantial freshwater ecosystem management under the current scenario requires a long-term, robust, and sustainable management plan. The findings from this study provide a roadmap for short-term and long-term practical policy-focused responses, particularly in implementing a freshwater ecosystem restoration programs in Malawi and Africa more broadly.
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Filipek, Steve. "Sustainable Freshwater Ecosystems." Ecology 85, no. 2 (February 2004): 585–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2004)085[0585:sfe]2.0.co;2.

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Venohr, Markus, Simone D. Langhans, Oliver Peters, Franz Hölker, Robert Arlinghaus, Lewis Mitchell, and Christian Wolter. "The underestimated dynamics and impacts of water-based recreational activities on freshwater ecosystems." Environmental Reviews 26, no. 2 (June 2018): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2017-0024.

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Recreational activities on, in, and along freshwaters (e.g., boating, bathing, angling) positively contribute to human well-being but can also concurrently stress aquatic ecosystems. While outdoor recreation, aquatic ecosystems, and human well-being form coupled social-ecological systems, inherent fluxes and interactions between these have rarely been properly quantified. This paper synthesizes information on links between water-based recreational activities, effects on freshwater ecosystems integrity and recreational quality, and proposes a novel framework for assessment and integrated management. This framework is based on understanding relationships between recreational quality, demand and use, and recreational use-induced impacts on ecosystem state and function, as well as ecological and social carrying capacities. Current management approaches of freshwater ecosystems addressing economic, environmental, or recreational aspects are poorly linked and harmonized, and are further constrained by inadequate information on the dynamics and densities of recreational uses. Novel assessment and monitoring methods are needed to capture the short-term peak dynamics of water-based recreational uses, and we argue social media could play an increasingly important role here. An integrative recreation ecology management concept combined with peak usage information has great potential to form the basis for next-generation management approaches of freshwater and other ecosystems.
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Berger, Elisabeth, Oliver Frör, and Ralf B. Schäfer. "Salinity impacts on river ecosystem processes: a critical mini-review." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1764 (December 3, 2018): 20180010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0010.

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In many dry parts of the world, salinization of water resources threatens freshwater biodiversity and the livelihood of people. However, ecological impact studies remain scarce. Here, we review field-observations of salinity impacts on ecosystem processes such as leaf decomposition, metabolism, biomass production and nutrient cycling, with a special emphasis on dryland ecosystems. In addition, we discuss the potential linkages of these processes to ecosystem service delivery—the benefits that humans derive from ecosystems—as additional nature conservation arguments and the challenges associated with this endeavour. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects'.
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GJONI, VOJSAVA, STAMATIS GHINIS, MAURIZIO PINNA, LUCA MAZZOTTA, GABRIELE MARINI, MARIO CIOTTI, ILARIA ROSATI, FABIO VIGNES, SERENA ARIMA, and ALBERTO BASSET. "Patterns of functional diversity of macroinvertebrates across three aquatic ecosystem types, NE Mediterranean." Mediterranean Marine Science 20, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.19314.

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This study is focused on investigating the variation patterns of macroinvertebrate guilds functional structure, in relation to the taxonomic one, across aquatic ecosystem types along the salinity gradient from freshwater to marine and the resulting implications on guild organization and energy flows. Synoptic samplings have been carried out using the leaf-pack technique at 30 sites of the aquatic ecosystems of the Corfu Island (Greece), including freshwater, lagoon, and marine sites. Here, we analyzed the macroinvertebrate guilds of river, lagoon, and marine ecosystems, as: i. taxonomic composition and population abundance ii. trophic guilds composition and relative abundance; and iii. body size spectra and size patterns. The following variation patterns across the three ecosystem types were observed: a. trophic guild composition and body size spectra were more conservative than taxonomic composition within and among ecosystem types, where, trophic guild and size spectra composition were more similar between river and lagoon ecosystem types than with marine ones; b. a dominance on resource exploitation of large species over smaller ones was inferred at all sites; and, c. higher body size-specific density of individuals was consistently observed in lagoon than in freshwater and marine ecosystems. Results extend previous findings suggesting a common hierarchical organization of benthic macroinvertebrate guilds in aquatic ecosystems and showing that lagoon ecosystems have higher energy density transferred to benthic macroinvertebrates than both freshwater and marine ecosystem types.
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Bănăduc, Doru, Vladica Simić, Kevin Cianfaglione, Sophia Barinova, Sergey Afanasyev, Ahmet Öktener, Grant McCall, Snežana Simić, and Angela Curtean-Bănăduc. "Freshwater as a Sustainable Resource and Generator of Secondary Resources in the 21st Century: Stressors, Threats, Risks, Management and Protection Strategies, and Conservation Approaches." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 9, 2022): 16570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416570.

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This paper is a synthetic overview of some of the threats, risks, and integrated water management elements in freshwater ecosystems. The paper provides some discussion of human needs and water conservation issues related to freshwater systems: (1) introduction and background; (2) water basics and natural cycles; (3) freshwater roles in human cultures and civilizations; (4) water as a biosphere cornerstone; (5) climate as a hydrospheric ‘game changer’ from the perspective of freshwater; (6) human-induced stressors’ effects on freshwater ecosystem changes (pollution, habitat fragmentation, etc.); (7) freshwater ecosystems’ biological resources in the context of unsustainable exploitation/overexploitation; (8) invasive species, parasites, and diseases in freshwater systems; (9) freshwater ecosystems’ vegetation; (10) the relationship between human warfare and water. All of these issues and more create an extremely complex matrix of stressors that plays a driving role in changing freshwater ecosystems both qualitatively and quantitatively, as well as their capacity to offer sustainable products and services to human societies. Only internationally integrated policies, strategies, assessment, monitoring, management, protection, and conservation initiatives can diminish and hopefully stop the long-term deterioration of Earth’s freshwater resources and their associated secondary resources.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Freshwater ecosystems"

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Saunders, Darla L. "Nitrogen retention in freshwater ecosystems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq64444.pdf.

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Madhuri, Sumeda. "Polyamine Transformation by Bacterioplankton in Freshwater Ecosystems." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent150114771851742.

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Benejam, Vidal Lluís. "Fish as ecological indicators in Mediterranean freshwater ecosystems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7873.

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L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és contribuir a l'ús dels peixos continentals com a indicadors de l'estat ecològic a la conca Mediterrània. En el primer treball es va detectar que encara que tots els índex biològics estaven correlacionats significativament, els peixos integren i expressen els estressos de manera i a una escala diferents, aportant una informació complementària als altres índexs. Al segon article es van estudiar els cabals de sis conques catalanes. S'ha mostrat que els règims hídrics estan alterats amb una tendència a la disminució del cabal i del nivell dels aqüífers. S'ha detectat quatre mètriques de peixos que es troben significativament afectades en zones més castigades per manca d'aigua degut a l'activitat humana. Es discuteix la necessitat de conèixer en profunditat el règim hídric de cada conca abans d'utilitzar els índex biològics. Al tercer article es va detectar que la composició d'espècies capturades va variar significativament al llarg del buidat amb un augment de l'alburn (A. alburnus) a les aigües pelàgiques durant els dies de pitjor qualitat de l'aigua, confirmant que l'alburn és més tolerant a la mala qualitat de l'aigua que la madrilleta vera (R. rutilus) i suggereix el seu potencial com a bioindicador. La condició d'aquestes dues espècies va canviar significativament al llarg del buidat de manera molt estreta amb la qualitat de l'aigua. Al quart capítol es va estudiar la biologia dels peixos d'un embassament altament contaminat (Flix). El percentatge de DELT anomalies i la presència de paràsits externs era major en la zona impactada que als punts de control i els valors més alts de pes eviscerat i pes del fetge estaven als punts de control. Les respostes van ser diferents per cada espècie i la carpa va ser la que va mostrar més clarament els impactes.
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The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the use of freshwater fish as ecological indicators in the Mediterranean basin. In the first article we found that although most biological indices were correlated, fish reflected different ecological aspects due to their particular features. In the second article the stream flow regimes of six Mediterranean basins were studied. A decrease of streamflow and aquifer levels was detected, despite no observed decrease of rainfall precipitation. Of the thirty metrics tested to detect sites impacted by water abstraction, we detected four significant fish metrics. Furthermore, the role of biotic indices when the river is artificially dry is discussed. In the third article we found that species composition in the pelagic zone varied significantly during the drawdown with higher proportion of bleak (A. alburnus) during the days of worst water quality, confirming that bleak is more tolerant than roach (R. rutilus) to poor water quality. The weight-length relationship of roach and bleak also varied significantly during the drawdown with close relationship between water quality and fish condition. In the fourth article the condition and fecundity of freshwater fishes were assessed in a highly polluted reservoir (Flix reservoir). We have shown significant increases of DELT anomalies and ectoparasite prevalences and decreases in condition and fecundity of several freshwater fish at the impacted area. The responses to the pollutants were species-specific and common carp was the species that showed more markedly the effects.
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Venâncio, Cátia Alexandra Ribeiro. "Salinization effects on coastal terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22806.

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Doutoramento em Biologia
The projections made by the International Panel on Climate Changes (IPCC) until the year 2100 foresee scenarios of increased sea level rise and extreme weather events. As a consequence of these changes it is anticipated that coastal ecosystems (both terrestrial and freshwater) will suffer from seawater (SW) intrusions and, consequently, become impacted with salinization. Such salinization, caused by SW intrusion, may occur through surface flooding (for example due to violent storms, which may lead to pulses of SW intrusion with high peaks of salinity that, most probably, will cause lethal effects on biota) and/or groundwater intrusion (which may occur more gradually, and, most likely starts by inducing sublethal effects in the ecological receptors). In this context, the present work intended to evaluate the adverse effects that salinization, due to SW intrusion, may cause to coastal ecosystems. For this, several specific goals were identified: (i) to determine if sodium chloride (NaCl) may be used as a surrogate of SW at early stages of ecological risk assessment frameworks. This possibility would be advantageous since many toxicity data exist for NaCl and, therefore, it would reduce the number of toxicity assays needed to be carried out; (ii) to identify the ecological receptors most sensitive to salinization, by using standard approaches; (iii) to establish if biota is capable of acquire an increased tolerance to low levels of salinization through mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity; (iv) to assess the effects of increased salinity on interspecies relationships; and (v) to identify the effects of salinization for freshwater and soil communities under realistic exposure scenarios. These objectives were addressed along seven chapters by using standard and non-standard ecotoxicological approaches from the individual (by exposing organisms, from species belonging to different trophic levels, to increased salinity levels) to the community level (by performing multispecies exposures under more realistic scenarios of exposure). Obtained results revealed that, in general, NaCl exerted a similar or higher toxicity than SW, both to freshwater and terrestrial species. These results, suggest that NaCl could be used as a surrogate of SW at early stages of ecological risk assessment of salinization caused by SW intrusion. However, caution must be taken since there were a few species for which SW revealed higher toxicity, and multigenerational exposures showed an increase in the sensitivity to SW for microalgae species. Within the freshwater compartment, cladocerans and rotifers were the two taxonomic groups exhibiting the highest sensitive to salinization (both for NaCl and SW) while fish and macrophytes showed to be the most tolerant groups. Ecotoxicity data obtained for terrestrial plants and fungi (generated in the present work) was integrated with data obtained from literature, allowing to identify microinvertebrates (Folsomia candida and Enchytraeus crypticus) as the most sensitive group to salinization while fungi and plants were the most tolerant ones. The toxicity data generated from standard assays (or in part compiled from literature for terrestrial species) was used to compute the hazard concentrations that allowed protecting 95% of species (HC5), on the basis of species sensitive distribution curves. The values of HC5 were computed for freshwater and terrestrial species and for NaCl and SW; all of these values were very low (HC5 ≤ 2.26 mScm-1) when compared to the conductivity of natural seawater (≈ 52 mScm-1), foreseeing that coastal ecosystems will be at a high risk due to salinization. Experiments involving a pre-short and long-term (multigerational) exposure to low levels of salinity, overall, did not caused a change in the tolerance of biota to this stressor. However, some species revealed an increased tolerance (either associated with physiological acclimation or other mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity) to salinity after short (the amphibian species Pelophylax perezi) and multigenerational exposure (the cyanobacteria Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and the cladoceran Daphnia longispina) to low levels of salinity. Contrarily to this, it was also observed that a few species revealed a higher sensitivity to salinization after multigenerational exposure (the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata and the macrophyte Lemna minor). These diverse results may be due to differences in the intensity of salinity stress and to the duration of the periods of exposure to low levels of salinization. To more accurately understand the influence of prolonged exposure to low levels of salinity in biota tolerance to this stressor, further studies should be carried out involving multigenerational exposure to sublethal levels of salinization. Regarding the specific objective (iv), the obtained results revealed that sublethal salinization levels influenced interspecific relationships. For freshwater microalgae, it was observed that, at low levels of salinity, a shift in the competition between the two microalgae species occurred. Adding to the direct effect that these changes will caused in the structure of microalgae community, indirect effects on other species (e.g. cladoceran species that feed on them) are also foresee. For terrestrial plants in the absence of salinization, a lower productivity was registered for some tested plants when exposure occurred under polyculture conditions comparatively to monoculture conditions. However, exposure to the salinity threshold of 4 mScm-1 under such conditions seemed not to alter the pattern of responses. Finally, exposure under more realistic scenarios (outdoor mesocosms) suggested a much lower toxicity of salinization to freshwater ecosystems than that predicted from standard approaches, suggesting a higher resilience of communities to salinization under more complex and relevant scenarios of exposure. These results suggest that risk of salinization to freshwater ecosystems may be overestimated when using standard methodologies and that ecologically relevant scenarios at higher stages of ecological risk assessment for this stressor should be considered.
Os relatórios de avaliação do Painel Intergovernamentl para as Alterações Climáticas (IPCC) baseados nas últimas décadas preveem, até 2100, cenários de contínua subida do nível médio da água do mar e eventos climatéricos extremos. Como consequência destas alterações prevê-se a ocorrência de intrusões de água do mar e subsequente salinização destes ecossistemas costeiros (tanto terrestres como dulçaquícolas). A salinização destas regiões costeiras pode ocorrer diretamente por inundações de superfície pela água do mar, por exemplo, devido a tempestades costeiras violentas (provavelmente, causando sobretudo efeitos letais), mas também pode ocorrer por intrusão de água do mar nos sistemas subterrâneos de água doce (o que pode ocorrer de forma mais gradual, provavelmente causando efeitos subletais). Tendo em conta estes aspectos, o presente trabalho pretendeu avaliar os efeitos adversos que tal salinização pode causar nos ecossistemas costeiros. Para tal, foram delineados os seguintes objectivos específicos: (i) determinar se o cloreto de sódio (NaCl) pode ser utilizado como substituto da água do mar, em avaliações preliminares de risco ecológico. Esta alternativa seria vantajosa uma vez que existem muitos dados de toxicidade para NaCl e, portanto, reduziria o número de ensaios de toxicidade que seria necessário realizar; (ii) identificar quais os receptores ecológicos mais sensíveis à salinização, utilizando protocolos padronizados; (iii) estabelecer se a biota é capaz de aumentar a sua tolerância a baixos níveis de salinização através de mecanismos de plasticidade fenotípica; (iv) avaliar os efeitos do aumento da salinidade nas relações interespecíficas; e (v) identificar os efeitos de salinização nas comunidades dulçaquícolas e terrestres em cenários de exposição mais realistas. Estes objetivos foram abordados ao longo de sete capítulos, recorrendo a abordagens ecotoxicológicas padronizadas e não padronizadas desde o nível de organização biológica indivíduo (expondo organismos, de espécies pertencentes a diferentes níveis tróficos, a níveis de salinidade crescentes) até ao nível da comunidade (realizando exposições com várias espécies em cenários mais realistas de exposição). Os resultados obtidos revelaram que, de um modo geral, o NaCl exerceu uma toxicidade similar ou superior à provocada pela água do mar, quer nas espécies dulçaquícolas quer nas terrestres. Esses resultados sugerem que o NaCl pode ser usado como substituto da água do mar nos primeiros estágios de avaliação do risco ecológico de salinização causada pela intrusão de água do mar. No entanto, o seu uso deve ser cauteloso, uma vez que houve algumas espécies para as quais a água do mar apresentou maior toxicidade, e no caso de exposições multigeracionais de espécies de microalgas, estas mostraram um aumento na sensibilidade à agua do mar. No compartimento dulçaquícola, os cladóceros e os rotíferos foram os dois grupos taxonómicos que apresentaram maior sensibilidade à salinização (tanto para NaCl como para água do mar), enquanto que os peixes e as macrófitas mostraram ser os grupos mais tolerantes. Os dados de ecotoxicidade obtidos para plantas terrestres e fungos (gerados no presente trabalho) foram integrados com dados recolhidos da literatura, permitindo identificar os microinvertebrados terrestres (Folsomia candida e Enchytraeus crypticus) como o grupo mais sensível à salinização, enquanto que os fungos e as plantas demonstraram ser os mais tolerantes. Os dados de toxicidade gerados a partir de ensaios padronizados (ou em parte compilados a partir de literatura para espécies terrestres) possibilitaram calcular as concentrações de risco que permitem proteger 95% das espécies num ecossistema (HC5), com base em curvas de distribuição de sensibilidade das espécies. Os valores de HC5 foram calculados para espécies dulçaquícolas e terrestres e para NaCl e água do mar; todos esses valores revelaram-se muito baixos (HC5 ≤ 2,26 mScm-1) quando comparados com a condutividade da água do mar natural (≈ 52 mScm-1), o que faz prever que os ecossistemas costeiros estarão em alto risco devido a salinização. De um modo geral, a pré-exposição a curto e a longo (multigeracional) prazo a baixos níveis de salinidade, não causou uma alteração significativa na tolerância da biota à salinização. No entanto, algumas espécies revelaram uma maior tolerância (associada à aclimatação fisiológica ou outros mecanismos de plasticidade fenotípica) à salinidade após curta exposição (espécie de anfíbio Pelophylax perezi) e exposição multigeracional (a cianobactéria Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii e o cladócero Daphnia longispina) a baixos níveis de salinidade. Contrariamente, observou-se também que algumas espécies apresentavam uma maior sensibilidade à salinização após exposição multigeracional (a microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata e a macrófita Lemna minor). Estes resultados diversos podem ser devidos a diferenças na intensidade de salinidade e à duração dos períodos de exposição a baixos níveis de salinização. Para compreender com maior exactidão a influência da exposição prolongada a baixos níveis de salinidade na tolerância da biota à salinidade, devem ser realizados estudos adicionais que envolvam exposição multigeracional a níveis subletais de salinização. Em relação ao objetivo específico (iv), os resultados obtidos revelaram que os níveis de salinização subletal influenciaram as relações interespecíficas. Para as microalgas dulçaquícolas, observou-se que, a baixos níveis de salinidade, ocorreu uma alteração na competição entre as duas espécies estudadas. Adicionando ao efeito direto que estas alterações irão provocar na estrutura da comunidade de microalgas, também se preveem efeitos indiretos em outras espécies (por exemplo, espécies de cladóceros que se alimentam delas). Para as plantas terrestres, na ausência de salinização, foi registada uma menor produtividade para algumas plantas testadas quando as mesmas se apresentavam num cenário de policultura comparativamente às condições de monocultura. A exposição ao limiar de salinidade de 4 mScm-1 pareceu não alterar este padrão de respostas. Finalmente, a exposição em cenários mais realistas (mesocosmos) sugeriu uma toxicidade inferior da salinização nos ecossistemas dulçaquícolas do que aquela prevista através de abordagens padronizadas, sugerindo uma maior resiliência das comunidades à salinização em cenários de exposição mais complexos e relevantes. Esses resultados sugerem que o risco de salinização para os ecossistemas dulçaquícolas pode ser sobrestimado quando se utilizam metodologias padrão e que cenários ecologicamente relevantes devem ser considerados em estágios avançados do processo de avaliação do risco ecológico para salinização.
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Hughes, Stephen Robert. "Occurrence and effects of pharmaceuticals in freshwater ecosystems." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5283/.

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Over the last 10-15 years pharmaceuticals have been identified as a widespread pollutant in freshwater systems having entered the environment predominantly via the domestic sewage system where removal by treatment systems is often poor. This thesis provides detailed reviews and meta-analyses of existing data regarding pharmaceutical pollutants, examines the occurrence of five pharmaceuticals in semi-rural and urban catchments of West Yorkshire and their effects on freshwater ecosystems using both laboratory and field experiments. A critical review and meta-analysis of 155 published pharmaceutical papers found 204 pharmaceuticals were present in rivers across large parts of Europe, North America and Asia. However, spatial and methodological gaps were identified in the research body with almost no research evident in Africa, South America, the Middle East and large parts of Asia. Furthermore, research effort was focused around a small number of commonly studied compounds often employing poorly representative grab sampling techniques. Treated and untreated effluent of sewage treatment plants, combined sewer overflows and their receiving freshwaters were monitored for five pharmaceuticals (diclofenac, erythromycin, ibuprofen, mefenamic acid and propranolol). All compounds were detected at very high frequencies across all samples confirming them as a ubiquitous and widespread pollutant in freshwaters. Data showed pronounced seasonal (winter maxima) and diurnal (late morning and late evening) peaks in concentrations. Periods of high flow were characterised by reduced concentrations, possibly due to dilution within receiving waters. No appreciable attenuation of pharmaceuticals was observed across an intensively sampled 5 km study reach of the River Aire in Leeds suggesting the pollution burden placed on rivers by pharmaceuticals extends well downstream of individual waste water point sources. Laboratory experiments revealed significant increases in mortality of the freshwater shrimp Gammarus pulex were observed during extended exposures to environmental levels of erythromycin and when combined in mixture with propranolol. A first application of 1H NMR environmental metabolomics to the study of pharmaceutical effects on freshwater biota was coupled with this experiment highlighting its potential use in ecotoxicological research. Sublethal, metabolic changes associated with energy storage and metabolism were observed with potential future applications for biomarker development centred on the osmolyte TMAO. The pharmaceuticals studied here were found to pose no detectable risk to leaf litter decomposition in streams although a further experiment demonstrated a reduction in organic matter processing of freshwater sediments, coupled with some complex stimulatory and inhibitory effects on respiration and nutrient cycling at environmentally relevant concentrations. Taken as a whole this work has added substantial knowledge to this growing research area and has allowed the construction of a conceptual framework that links measured environmental concentrations with effects at the sublethal and individual organism level mediated to the ecosystem and functional level via complex interactions between macroinvertebrates and microbial communities. Overall, this body of research has demonstrated that pharmaceuticals should be treated as a widespread pollutant of on-going major concern capable of eliciting significant effects on freshwater ecosystems. Therefore, they require substantial further research and scrutiny from regulators and policy makers if the negative consequences of their presence in rivers are to be avoided or mitigated.
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Rudman, Seth Michael. "The ecological consequences of evolutionary change in freshwater ecosystems." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58641.

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Evolutionary change has largely been ignored in ecology because it has traditionally been considered too gradual a process to alter ecological patterns. Recent evidence that evolution can occur rapidly has challenged this notion. Understanding when evolution is likely to alter ecological processes and how evolution changes ecological dynamics could improve our understanding of community and ecosystem ecology and lead to greater predictability. In chapter 2 I present the results of an experiment investigating how local adaptation in two species alters community structure and ecosystem function. I found that intraspecific variation between these two taxa can interact to alter both the ecological community and some ecosystem functions. In chapter 3 I focus on understanding how rapid evolution from introgressive hybridization alters ecology in both a mesocosm experiment and a comparative field study. I found that introgressive hybridization lead to a phenotypic shift and predictable changes in community structure and ecosystem function based on trophic cascade theory. In chapter 4 I detail the findings from a large-scale piscivorous fish trophic cascade experiment. In this study I found that the addition of a piscivore alters the movement of invertebrates from aquatic environments to terrestrial environments. In addition, the results support previous findings that non-consumptive effects of predators may play an important role in determining the strength of the trophic cascade in the aquatic system. In chapter 5 I explore the role of rapid evolution in enhancing and maintaining ecosystem services. I create a quantitative criteria for assessing the importance of rapid evolution to ecosystem services, review cases where rapid evolution may already be playing an important role, and suggest ways to manage for the conservation of ecosystem services.
Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
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7

Chará-Serna, Ana M. "Cumulative effects of multiple agricultural stressors on freshwater ecosystems." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/64138.

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Agriculture is the primary cause of sedimentation, nutrient enrichment, and insecticide contamination of freshwater ecosystems. Despite the widespread co-occurrence of these ecological stressors, little is known about their potential interactive effects. I conducted three experiments manipulating combinations of these stressors in order to evaluate their cumulative effects on freshwater ecosystems at different scales of biological organization (community, ecosystem, meta-ecosystem). First, I evaluated stream invertebrate community responses to sedimentation, nutrient enrichment, and the insecticide chlorpyrifos using laboratory microcosms with distinct microhabitats. I demonstrated that chlorpyrifos can interact non-additively with fine sediment (reversal) and nutrients (antagonism), with potentially deleterious impacts on small-sized invertebrates. Furthermore, invertebrates in gravel microhabitats were more severely affected than those in leaf packs. Second, I manipulated levels of nutrients, sediment, and the insecticide imidacloprid in experimental pond ecosystems. I demonstrated these stressors had antagonistic effects on pelagic and benthic invertebrate diversity. Moreover, the results suggested imidacloprid increased ecosystem metabolism indirectly, through negative effects on invertebrate consumers. Finally, I explored processes at the scale of the river network meta-ecosystem. Using a network of experimental channels, I investigated how multiple-stressor interactions within tributaries affected downstream ecosystems. My results indicated that complex nutrient-sediment interactions within tributaries could strongly alter the flux of organisms from tributaries to downstream ecosystems. Furthermore, I observed that at small spatial scales, these alterations of within-network migration patterns could be more influential than the transport of the stressors from headwaters to recipient ecosystems. My research contributes novel evidence suggesting that complex interactions among nutrient enrichment, sedimentation, and insecticide contamination are frequent in freshwater ecosystems, and have distinct mechanisms operating at different scales. In particular, these findings underscore the importance of considering multiple-stressor interactions in insecticide environmental risk assessments; even at low concentrations, interactions with other stressors may result in unexpected negative effects for aquatic biota and ecosystem processes.
Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
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Schäfer, Ralf Bernhard [Verfasser]. "Effects of toxicants on freshwater ecosystems / Ralf Bernhard Schäfer." Landau : Universitätsbibliothek Landau, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1037753488/34.

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David, Gwendoline. "Spatio-temporal structuring of microbial communities in freshwater ecosystems." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL049.

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Les microorganismes constituent la forme de vie la plus abondante et diverse sur Terre et ils présentent une grande diversité phylogénétique et métabolique. Ils sont donc impliqués dans les cycles biogéochimiques et les réseaux trophiques, ce qui en fait des acteurs clés du fonctionnement des écosystèmes. Pour décrypter l'écologie des microorganismes, il est essentiel de prendre en compte les échelles spatiales, temporelles et taxonomiques. Bien que des paramètres abiotiques et biotiques aient été identifiés comme influençant la composition des communautés microbiennes dans les écosystèmes aquatiques (e.g. la température, la prédation), des études complémentaires sont nécessaires pour mieux comprendre la structure des communautés microbiennes. Cependant, l'étude des interactions biotiques entre microorganismes est difficile en raison de leur petite taille, de la grande diversité et du peu d’individus cultivés. Cette thèse de doctorat vise à décrire la diversité microbienne au sein de deux types d'écosystèmes d'eau douce encore peu étudiés, et à identifier les facteurs qui déterminent la composition de leurs communautés microbiennes. La première partie de cette thèse vise à décrire la distribution spatiale (horizontale et verticale) des protistes planctoniques du lac Baïkal (Sibérie, Russie). Nous nous sommes intéressés à des échantillons collectés en été 2017 le long d'un transect de ~600 km couvrant les trois bassins du lac, de la surface aux profondeurs (~1500 m) et du littoral au pélagique. Les trois autres parties présentent une étude de huit ans de la composition et de la dynamique temporelle des communautés microbiennes des trois domaines du vivant, à la surface de cinq petits écosystèmes d'eau douce (sud-ouest de Paris, France). Les échantillons ont été collectés à deux fréquences, mensuelle (2011-2013) et saisonnière (2011-2019). Les communautés planctoniques ont été caractérisées par le séquençage des gènes ARNr 16S et 18S. Dans tous les écosystèmes, les communautés microbiennes sont très diverses, couvrant tous les super-groupes eucaryotes et procaryotes connus. Elles incluent des lignées typiquement marines (e.g. diplonémide, MAST), ce qui suggère que la frontière entre le marin et l'eau douce pourrait être plus fine que prévu. Des taxons encore peu connus ont aussi été détectés, tels que des bactéries du Candidate Phyla Radiation. Des analyses multivariées ont montré que seule une faible fraction de la variance des communautés peut être expliquée par les paramètres abiotiques étudiés. Pour les variations spatiales, nous avons constaté une faible variabilité des communautés du lac Baïkal dans les différents bassins, mais avec une forte stratification le long de la colonne d'eau. La profondeur, qui traduit les variations environnementales (e.g. la lumière) dans la colonne d'eau, semble influencer significativement les communautés. Les petits écosystèmes abritent différentes communautés microbiennes malgré leur proximité géographique. Pour les variations temporelles, deux dynamiques ont été identifiées. À l'échelle intra-annuelle, les communautés sont caractérisées par une forte saisonnalité. Cependant, moins de 2% des unités taxonomiques opérationnelles présentent une récurrence saisonnière. Cela suggère que les écosystèmes ont un fonctionnement saisonnier, malgré des dynamiques individuelles imprévisibles. À l'échelle interannuelle, les communautés microbiennes sont de plus en plus différentes au cours des huit années, indiquant des changements continus dans leur composition. Enfin, l’inférence des interactions microbiennes grâce aux réseaux de cooccurrence reflète les variations spatio-temporelles précédemment observées. En effet, les communautés sont plus complexes à la surface du lac Baïkal qu'en profondeur. De plus, les petits écosystèmes partagent des topologies similaires pour chaque saison. Cela souligne l'importance des interactions écologiques chez les communautés microbiennes, dans l'espace et le temps
Microorganisms are the most abundant and diverse forms of life on Earth and are characterized by high phylogenetic and metabolic diversities. They are thus involved in biogeochemical cycles and trophic webs, which make them key players in ecosystem functioning. To decipher the ecology of microorganisms, it is crucial to include spatial, temporal and taxonomic scales. Although several abiotic and biotic parameters have been identified as drivers of microbial community composition in aquatic ecosystems (e.g. temperature, orthophosphate concentration, predation, symbiosis), more investigations are needed to better understand how microbial community structure is shaped. However, investigating biotic interactions involving microbes is challenging because of microbial features (e.g. small size, high diversity, low cultivation efficiency). This PhD thesis aims at describing the microbial diversity inside two overlooked types of freshwater ecosystems and at identifying the factors driving microbial community composition. The first section of this thesis aims at comprehensively describing the spatial distribution (horizontal and vertical) of planktonic microbial eukaryotes in Lake Baikal (Siberia, Russia). We focus on samples collected in summer 2017 along a transect of ~600 km across the three basins of the lake, from the surface to the deepest areas (~1500 m) and from littoral to open waters. The three other sections present an eight-year investigation of the composition and temporal dynamics of microbial communities belonging to the three domains of life at the surface of five small freshwater ecosystems (located in the South West of Paris, France). Samples were collected at two different frequencies, monthly (2011-2013) and seasonally (2011-2019). The composition of planktonic communities was assessed by the sequencing of the phylogenetic marker genes 16S and 18S rRNA. In all the ecosystems studied, the microbial communities were diverse, covering all eukaryotic and prokaryotic supergroups. Moreover, they included typically marine lineages, especially in Lake Baikal, (e.g. diplonemid, MAST) which suggested that the frontiers between marine and freshwater systems may be thinner than previously thought. They also included taxa that remain enigmatic, such as bacteria of the Candidate Phyla Radiation. Multivariate analysis showed that only a low fraction of the variance can be explained by the measured physico-chemical parameters. In terms of spatial variations, there was a weak variability of communities in Lake Baikal in summer across sampling basins, but a strong stratification along the water column. Depth, which is a proxy and a summary of the variations of the environmental conditions (e.g. light) along the water column, appeared to be a major driver of community composition. The small freshwater ecosystems harbored different microbial communities despite their geographic proximity. In terms of temporal variations, two types of patterns were detected. At the intra-annual scale, global communities were characterized by a strong seasonality. However, at the Operational Taxonomic Unit level, less than 2% of the community were characterized by recurrent seasonal patterns. This suggests that ecosystems have a yearly seasonal functioning, despite the presence of some unpredictable microbial dynamics. At the inter-annual scale, microbial communities experienced an increase of dissimilarities over the eight years, indicating turnovers in community composition. Finally, the structure of the communities studied through co-occurrence network inference reflected the spatio-temporal variations previously observed. Indeed, communities were more connected at the surface of Lake Baikal compared to the bottom. Moreover, ecosystems shared similar structural properties at each season. This underlines the importance of ecological interactions in the composition of microbial community over space and time
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Pan, Yuan. "Using an ecosystem services approach to protect freshwater ecosystems : linking ecology, ecotoxicology and cultural values." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19656/.

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Books on the topic "Freshwater ecosystems"

1

1958-, Arts Michael Theodore, and Wainman Bruce, eds. Lipids in freshwater ecosystems. New York: Springer, 1999.

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Mushtaq, Basharat, Suhaib A. Bandh, Shahid A. Wani, and Mohammad Farooq Mir. Biodiversity of Freshwater Ecosystems. Boca Raton: Apple Academic Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003277125.

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Arts, Michael T., and Bruce C. Wainman, eds. Lipids in Freshwater Ecosystems. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0547-0.

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Jones, Roger I., and Veijo Ilmavirta, eds. Flagellates in Freshwater Ecosystems. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3097-1.

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Persson, Gunnar, and Mats Jansson, eds. Phosphorus in Freshwater Ecosystems. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3109-1.

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Bailey, Robert C., Richard H. Norris, and Trefor B. Reynoldson. Bioassessment of Freshwater Ecosystems. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8885-0.

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I, Jones R., and Ilmavirta V, eds. Flagellates in freshwater ecosystems. Dordrecht: Dr. W. Junk, 1988.

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8

Dar, Gowhar Hamid, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Mohammad Aneesul Mehmood, and Humaira Qadri. Freshwater Pollution and Aquatic Ecosystems. New York: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003130116.

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Ouboter, Paul E., ed. The Freshwater Ecosystems of Suriname. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2070-8.

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Albrecht, Gnauck, ed. Freshwater ecosystems: Modelling and simulation. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Freshwater ecosystems"

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Archibold, O. W. "Freshwater ecosystems." In Ecology of World Vegetation, 354–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0009-0_11.

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Smith, Ian R. "Freshwater Ecosystems." In Hydroclimate, 215–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2906-0_8.

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Hellawell, J. M. "Freshwater Ecosystems." In Biological Indicators of Freshwater Pollution and Environmental Management, 10–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4315-5_2.

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Spieles, Douglas J. "Freshwater Ecosystems." In Protected Land, 129–42. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6813-5_9.

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Forrest, Shaun A., Madelaine P. T. Bourdages, and Jesse C. Vermaire. "Microplastics in Freshwater Ecosystems." In Handbook of Microplastics in the Environment, 1–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10618-8_2-1.

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Schindler, James E. "Freshwater Ecosystems: A Perspective." In Concepts of Ecosystem Ecology, 57–74. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3842-3_4.

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Bailey, Robert C., Richard H. Norris, and Trefor B. Reynoldson. "Bioassessment of Freshwater Ecosystems." In Bioassessment of Freshwater Ecosystems, 1–15. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8885-0_1.

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Ravera, O. "Cadmium in freshwater ecosystems." In Cadmium in the Environment, 75–87. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7238-6_10.

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Forrest, Shaun A., Madelaine P. T. Bourdages, and Jesse C. Vermaire. "Microplastics in Freshwater Ecosystems." In Handbook of Microplastics in the Environment, 235–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39041-9_2.

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Dgebuadze, Yury Yu. "Fishery and freshwater ecosystems of Russia." In Freshwater Fisheries Ecology, 120–33. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118394380.ch9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Freshwater ecosystems"

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Roy, James W., Greg Bickerton, and John Spoelstra. "GROUNDWATER CHLORIDE EXPOSURE TO URBAN FRESHWATER (ENDO)BENTHIC ECOSYSTEMS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-316889.

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Moreira, Cristiana, Vitor Vasconcelos, and Agostinho Antunes. "Cyanotoxins Dynamics on Portuguese Freshwater Ecosystems on Current Global Changes." In The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014030.

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Schmeller, Dirk. "People, pollution and pathogens – Global change impacts in mountain freshwater ecosystems." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107857.

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VanMensel, Danielle, Ian Droppo, and Christopher Weisener. "The symbiotic relationship of suspended sediment and pathogenicity in freshwater ecosystems." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.6296.

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Đuretanović, Simona, Tijana Veličković, Aleksandra Milošković, Milena Radenković, Marijana Nikolić, Ivana Maguire, and Vladica Simić. "PRELIMINARY RESULTS REGARDING PHYLOGENY OF THE NOBLE CRAYFISH (DECAPODA, ASTACIDAE, „ASTACUS ASTACUS“) IN SERBIA." In 1st INTERNATIONAL Conference on Chemo and BioInformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac,, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi21.222dj.

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The noble crayfish is one of the three autochthonous species that inhabit the freshwater ecosystems of Serbia, along with stone and Danube crayfish. The noble crayfish has a complex historical and genetic status shaped by geological events, habitat loss, pollution, translocations, and reintroductions of both autochthonous and allochthonous crayfish species. That led to the disruption of the species genetic structure, mixing, and loss of populations across Europe. According to recent data, its populations in the freshwater ecosystems of Serbia are significantly reduced, so it has the status of a "strictly protected species". The genetic structure of the species must be known for endangered species conservation. Unfortunately, there is lack of such data for the territory of Serbia, which due to its position on the Balkan Peninsula, was an important refuge during the glaciation period. In this paper, the genetic structure of seven crayfish populations in freshwater ecosystems of Serbia was examined. Analyzes were performed on the COI and 16S rRNA genes of mitochondrial DNA. The study results showed a significant diversity of COI and 16S rRNA haplotypes compared to already described haplotypes. Three haplotypes were detected, of which Hap26 is the most common and was detected in five studied populations. Haplotypes Hap47 and Hap49 were detected in one and two populations, respectively. The results obtained in this study, together with previously published morphometric data, represent a good starting point for further genetic and population research, which are the basis for the proposal of conservation measures.
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Aleksandrov, Sergey, Sergey Aleksandrov, Julia Gorbunova, and Julia Gorbunova. "CLIMATE CHANGE: HOW DOES THIS INFLUENCE ON ECOSYSTEM HEALTH IN THE LAGOON OF THE BALTIC SEA?" In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93942cc882.47943475.

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Lagoons are one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to impacts of natural environmental and anthropogenic factors. The Curonian and Vistula Lagoons are one of the largest lagoons of Europe. The Curonian Lagoon is choke mostly freshwater, while the Vistula Lagoon is restricted brackish water. Hydrological, chemical and biological researches were carried out monthly since 1991 to 2014. Reductions of nutrients loading in 1990s did not result in improvement of the ecological situation. Hydrological and chemical parameters are the main factors that influence on the algal blooms and ecosystem health in these lagoons. The Curonian Lagoon may be characterized as hypertrophic water body with "poor" water quality. Climate change in 1990s-2010s combined with other factors (freshwater, slow-flow exchange, high nutrients concentrations) creates conditions for Cyanobacteria “hyperblooms”. Harmful algal blooms result in deterioration of the water chemical parameters and death of fish. "Hyperblooms" is the most dangerous for coastal towns and tourist resorts (UNESCO National Park "Curonian Spit"). Climate change in 1990s-2000s have been also observed in Vistula Lagoons (mean annual temperature increased by 1.4°C for 40 years), but brackish water prevent harmful algal hyperblooms. After the invasion of the filter-feeding mollusk Rangia water quality was significantly improved in 2011-2014, but ecosystem productivity remained at a stable long-term level.
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Aleksandrov, Sergey, Sergey Aleksandrov, Julia Gorbunova, and Julia Gorbunova. "CLIMATE CHANGE: HOW DOES THIS INFLUENCE ON ECOSYSTEM HEALTH IN THE LAGOON OF THE BALTIC SEA?" In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4316a72251.

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Lagoons are one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to impacts of natural environmental and anthropogenic factors. The Curonian and Vistula Lagoons are one of the largest lagoons of Europe. The Curonian Lagoon is choke mostly freshwater, while the Vistula Lagoon is restricted brackish water. Hydrological, chemical and biological researches were carried out monthly since 1991 to 2014. Reductions of nutrients loading in 1990s did not result in improvement of the ecological situation. Hydrological and chemical parameters are the main factors that influence on the algal blooms and ecosystem health in these lagoons. The Curonian Lagoon may be characterized as hypertrophic water body with "poor" water quality. Climate change in 1990s-2010s combined with other factors (freshwater, slow-flow exchange, high nutrients concentrations) creates conditions for Cyanobacteria “hyperblooms”. Harmful algal blooms result in deterioration of the water chemical parameters and death of fish. "Hyperblooms" is the most dangerous for coastal towns and tourist resorts (UNESCO National Park "Curonian Spit"). Climate change in 1990s-2000s have been also observed in Vistula Lagoons (mean annual temperature increased by 1.4°C for 40 years), but brackish water prevent harmful algal hyperblooms. After the invasion of the filter-feeding mollusk Rangia water quality was significantly improved in 2011-2014, but ecosystem productivity remained at a stable long-term level.
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Chen, Hao, and Tiejun Wang. "Coupling physically-based modeling and deep learning for long-term global freshwater availability monitoring and prediction." In Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology XXIII, edited by Christopher M. Neale and Antonino Maltese. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2600200.

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Palhemus, Dan A. "Riffle bugs of Madagascar (Heteroptera: Veliidae): An insular radiation in freshwater lotic ecosystems." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94073.

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Wingard, G., and Bethany L. Stackhouse. "ASSESSING PALEOSALINITY, SHORELINE POSITION, AND FRESHWATER INFLUX IN COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS USING MOLLUSCAN FAUNA." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-354190.

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Reports on the topic "Freshwater ecosystems"

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Myers, Bonnie. Drought in the U.S. Caribbean: Impacts on Freshwater Ecosystems. USDA Caribbean Climate Hub, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2019.6886313.ch.

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Blaylock, B. (The effects of ionizing radiation on terrestrial and freshwater organisms and ecosystems). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5650530.

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Rai, R., S. Ranabhat, R. Bhandari, S. Lamichhane, K. Timalsina, S. Wahid, and L. D. Bhatta. Freshwater ecosystems of the Koshi River basin, Nepal: A rapid assessment; ICIMOD Working Paper 2019/6. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.752.

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Rai, R., S. Ranabhat, R. Bhandari, S. Lamichhane, K. Timalsina, S. Wahid, and L. D. Bhatta. Freshwater ecosystems of the Koshi River basin, Nepal: A rapid assessment; ICIMOD Working Paper 2019/6. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.752.

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Adelekan, Ibidun, Anton Cartwright, Winston Chow, Sarah Colenbrander, Richard Dawson, Matthias Garschagen, Marjolijn Haasnoot, et al. Climate Change in Cities and Urban Areas: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/supsv209.2022.

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The second volume in the Summary for Urban Policymakers (SUP) series, Climate Change in Cities and Urban Areas: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, offers a concise and accessible distillation of the IPCC Working Group II Report. Cities are places of high risks from climate change, resulting from the interaction of climate change hazards, the exposure of infrastructure, people and ecosystems, the vulnerability of exposed elements and communities, and the negative or unintended effects of responses to climate change to people and ecosystems. This report assesses the feasibility and effectiveness of different adaptation options but highlights that adaptation has limits and can even lead to maladaptation, triggering unintended effects which increase risk, emissions and lock-ins. It synthesises the latest evidence on the necessary urban-led transformation, as well as evidence on operationalizing the five simultaneous system transitions across land, coastal, ocean and freshwater ecosystems; cities, regions, and infrastructure; energy and industrial systems, accelerated by societal choices. Cities and urban areas have a critical role to play in the climate resilient development needed to meet goals of climate change, human wellbeing, and ecosystem health challenges.
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6

Lonsdale, Whitney R., Wyatt F. Cross, Charles E. Dalby, Sara E. Meloy, and Ann C. Schwend. Evaluating Irrigation Efficiency: Toward a Sustainable Water Future for Montana. The Montana University System Water Center, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/mwc202011.

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Water is our most valuable natural resource, and is used to support the demands of industry, agriculture, hydroelectric power generation, and municipalities. Water also sustains Montana’s booming recreation and tourism economy and maintains the diverse freshwater ecosystems that provide natural goods and services and promote human well-being. As our population continues to grow, and the collective demand for water increases, it is imperative that we carefully assess how our water is used, as well as how changes in water distribution, management, and governance are likely to influence its availability in the future. This is especially important in the context of a changing climate.
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7

Tronstad, Lusha. Aquatic invertebrate monitoring at Agate Fossil Beds National Monument: 2019 data report. National Park Service, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2293128.

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Monitoring ecosystems is vital to understanding trends over time and key to detecting change so that managers can address perturbations. Freshwater streams are the lifeblood of the surrounding landscape, and their health is a measure of the overall watershed integrity. Streams are the culmination of upland processes and inputs. Degradation on the landscape as well as changes to the stream itself can be detected using biota living in these ecosystems. Aquatic invertebrates are excellent indicators of ecosystem quality because they are relatively long-lived, sessile, diverse, abundant and their tolerance to perturbation differs. Aquatic invertebrates were monitored at three sites along the Niobrara River at Agate Fossil Beds National Monument in 2019 completing 23 years of data using Hester-Dendy and Hess samplers. Hess samplers are artificial multi-plate samplers suspended in the water column to allow invertebrates to colonize and Hess samples collect invertebrates in a known area on natural substrate and vegetation. We identified 45 invertebrate taxa from four phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Nematoda) using both samplers in the Niobrara River (Appendix A and B). Hester-Dendy samplers collected 4 taxa not found in Hess samples and Hess samples collected 17 taxa not collected with Hester-Dendy samplers. Hess samples captured more (91%) than Hester-Dendy samples (62%). Crustacea, Diptera and Ephemeroptera were the most abundant groups of invertebrates collected in the Niobrara River. The proportion of Insecta, Annelida, Trichoptera and Diptera differed between Hester-Dendy and Hess samples (p < 0.05). EPT richness, proportion EPT taxa and Hilsenhoff’s Biotic Index (HBI) (p < 0.0001) differed between sampler types, but taxa richness, taxa diversity and evenness (p > 0.29) did not. We collected the highest density of invertebrates at the Agate Middle site. Agate Spring Ranch had the lowest taxa richness and HBI, and the highest proportion of EPT taxa. HBI at the sites ranged from 4.0 to 6.3 (very good to fair from Hilsenhoff 1987) using the Hester-Dendy and 5.2 to 6.9 (good to fairly poor from Hilsenhoff 1987) using the Hess sampler.
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8

McKay, S. Is mean discharge meaningless for environmental flow management? Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45381.

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River ecosystems are highly dependent on and responsive to hydrologic variability over multiple time scales (e.g., hours, months, years). Fluctuating river flows present a key challenge to river managers, who must weigh competing demands for freshwater. Environmental flow recommendations and regulations seek to provide management targets balancing socio-economic outcomes with maintenance of ecological integrity. Often, flow management targets are based on average river conditions over temporal windows such as days, months, or years. Here, three case studies of hydrologic variability are presented at each time scale, which demonstrate the potential pitfalls of mean-based environmental flow criteria. Each case study shows that the intent of the environmental flow target is not met when hydrologic variability is considered. While mean discharge is inadequate as a single-minded flow management target, the consequences of mean flow prescriptions can be avoided in environmental flow recommendations. Based on these case studies, a temporal hierarchy of environmental flow thresholds is proposed (e.g., an instantaneous flow target coupled with daily and monthly averages), which would improve the efficacy of these regulations.
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Bowles, David, Michael Williams, Hope Dodd, Lloyd Morrison, Janice Hinsey, Tyler Cribbs, Gareth Rowell, Michael DeBacker, Jennifer Haack-Gaynor, and Jeffrey Williams. Protocol for monitoring aquatic invertebrates of small streams in the Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network: Version 2.1. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284622.

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The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) is a component of the National Park Service’s (NPS) strategy to improve park management through greater reliance on scientific information. The purposes of this program are to design and implement long-term ecological monitoring and provide information for park managers to evaluate the integrity of park ecosystems and better understand ecosystem processes. Concerns over declining surface water quality have led to the development of various monitoring approaches to assess stream water quality. Freshwater streams in network parks are threatened by numerous stressors, most of which originate outside park boundaries. Stream condition and ecosystem health are dependent on processes occurring in the entire watershed as well as riparian and floodplain areas; therefore, they cannot be manipulated independently of this interrelationship. Land use activities—such as timber management, landfills, grazing, confined animal feeding operations, urbanization, stream channelization, removal of riparian vegetation and gravel, and mineral and metals mining—threaten stream quality. Accordingly, the framework for this aquatic monitoring is directed towards maintaining the ecological integrity of the streams in those parks. Invertebrates are an important tool for understanding and detecting changes in ecosystem integrity, and they can be used to reflect cumulative impacts that cannot otherwise be detected through traditional water quality monitoring. The broad diversity of invertebrate species occurring in aquatic systems similarly demonstrates a broad range of responses to different environmental stressors. Benthic invertebrates are sensitive to the wide variety of impacts that influence Ozark streams. Benthic invertebrate community structure can be quantified to reflect stream integrity in several ways, including the absence of pollution sensitive taxa, dominance by a particular taxon combined with low overall taxa richness, or appreciable shifts in community composition relative to reference condition. Furthermore, changes in the diversity and community structure of benthic invertebrates are relatively simple to communicate to resource managers and the public. To assess the natural and anthropo-genic processes influencing invertebrate communities, this protocol has been designed to incorporate the spatial relationship of benthic invertebrates with their local habitat including substrate size and embeddedness, and water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and turbidity). Rigid quality control and quality assurance are used to ensure maximum data integrity. Detailed standard operating procedures (SOPs) and supporting information are associated with this protocol.
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Herman, Brook, William Slack, and Todd Swannack. Developing conceptual models for assessing benefits and impacts of USACE activities on freshwater mussel communities. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42161.

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In this report, we describe how aspects of existing freshwater mussel indices of biological integrity can be modified to fit within the planning paradigm established for developing and certifying ecological models for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ planning purposes. Herein, we present examples of using freshwater mussels for biological monitoring, how to calculate their associated IBIs specific to their region of origin and their potential use in ecosystem restoration planning. Additionally, we present general conceptual models that may be used in ecological model development and environmental benefits analysis for projects that focus on freshwater mussel habitat restoration.
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