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1

Britton, Joseph C. "Freshwater molluscan biology." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 15, no. 10 (October 2000): 426–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(00)01904-2.

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2

Calabon, MS, KD Hyde, EBG Jones, DF Bao, CS Bhunjun, C. Phukhamsakda, HW Shen, et al. "Freshwater fungal biology." Mycosphere 14, no. 1 (2023): 195–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/14/1/4.

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3

Hall, Greeneville B. "Biology of Freshwater Pollution." Journal of Environmental Quality 23, no. 2 (March 1994): 387–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1994.00472425002300020028x.

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4

Schuster, Guenter A. "Biology of Freshwater Crayfish." Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 132, no. 2 (March 2003): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0407:>2.0.co;2.

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5

Hobbs, Horton H. "Biology of Freshwater Crayfish." Journal of Crustacean Biology 22, no. 4 (November 2002): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1651/0278-0372(2002)022[0969:bofc]2.0.co;2.

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Hobbs, Horton H. "Biology of Freshwater Crayfish." Journal of Crustacean Biology 22, no. 4 (January 1, 2002): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20021975-99990306.

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7

Pinder, L. C. V. "Biology of Freshwater Chironomidae." Annual Review of Entomology 31, no. 1 (January 1986): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.31.010186.000245.

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8

Sutcliffe, David. "Biology of Freshwater Crayfish." Fisheries Research 59, no. 1-2 (December 2002): 297–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-7836(02)00130-3.

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9

Hanrahan, Les. "Freshwater Biology – Alison Pouliot." Ballarat Naturalist (2006:Feb) (February 2006): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.384764.

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10

Danielopol, Dan L. "Freshwater Meiofauna: Biology and Ecology." Freshwater Biology 49, no. 4 (April 2004): 502–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01200.x.

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11

Biggs, Jeremy. "The Biology of Freshwater Wetlands." Freshwater Biology 52, no. 2 (February 2007): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01658.x.

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12

Josileen, Jose. "Freshwater prawns: biology and farming." Crustaceana 84, no. 4 (2011): 509–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/001121611x564020.

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13

HILDREW, ALAN G., and COLIN R. TOWNSEND. "Freshwater Biology ? looking back, looking forward." Freshwater Biology 52, no. 10 (October 2007): 1863–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01847.x.

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14

McClain, W. R. "Freshwater crayfish: Biology, management and exploitation." Fisheries Research 8, no. 3 (January 1990): 296–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(90)90032-q.

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15

Ahmed, Soheil. "Writing Freshwater Biology: Reading Scientific Discourse." International Journal of the Humanities: Annual Review 9, no. 10 (2012): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1447-9508/cgp/v09i10/43344.

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16

Neal, C., S. J. Ormerod, S. J. Langan, T. R. Nisbet, and J. Roberts. "Sustainability of UK forestry: contemporary issues for the protection of freshwaters, a conclusion." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 3 (June 30, 2004): 589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-589-2004.

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Abstract. This paper closes the Special Issue of Hydrology and Earth System Sciences entitled "Sustainability of UK forestry: contemporary issues for the protection of freshwaters" by presenting conclusions from the contributions together with associated research findings. The volume deals largely with issues of upland water quality and biology in the context of environmental research and management. The studies are linked to an array of issues which affect the sustainability of UK forestry in the context of the protection of freshwaters, freshwater ecosystems and freshwater organisms. These issues include atmospheric and climate driven factors (acidification from atmospheric pollutants, critical loads, climate-change and climate variability), forestry practice and hydrobiogeochemical processing both within-catchments and within-rivers. The findings lie within the context of the science and relate to environmental management. Keywords: water quality, forestry, stream ecology, acidification, critical loads, nutrients
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17

Milner, Alexander M. "Biology of Freshwater Pollution. C. F. Mason." Journal of the North American Benthological Society 11, no. 3 (September 1992): 335–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1467655.

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18

Milner, Alexander. "Biology of Freshwater Pollution. C. F. Mason." Journal of the North American Benthological Society 16, no. 4 (December 1997): 861–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1468177.

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19

Schlosser, Isaac J. "Biology of Freshwater Pollution. C. F. Mason." Quarterly Review of Biology 68, no. 2 (June 1993): 291–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/418119.

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20

Hildrew, Alan, and Colin Townsend. "Freshwater Biology- the end of an era." Freshwater Biology 60, no. 8 (July 15, 2015): 1483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12632.

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21

Walsh, Todd S., and Bronwyn B. Walsh. "Biology of the giant Tasmanian freshwater lobster Astacopsis gouldi (Clark) and its conservation." Crustacean Research Special2012, no. 7 (2012): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18353/crustacea.special2012.7_95.

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22

Lewis, William M. "Freshwater biology, priorities and development in Danish research." Limnology and Oceanography 43, no. 5 (July 1998): 1019–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1998.43.5.1019.

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23

Smith, C. Lavett. "Modern Comparative Biology and North American Freshwater Fishes." Ecology 75, no. 2 (March 1994): 575–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1939564.

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24

Talevska, Aleksandra, Boris Pejin, Vesna Kojic, Tanja Beric, and Slavisa Stankovic. "A contribution to pharmaceutical biology of freshwater sponges." Natural Product Research 32, no. 5 (April 13, 2017): 568–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2017.1315719.

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25

Whitton, B. A., N. T. W. Ellwood, and B. Kawecka. "Biology of the freshwater diatom Didymosphenia: a review." Hydrobiologia 630, no. 1 (May 14, 2009): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-009-9753-5.

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26

martin, r. aidan. "conservation of freshwater and euryhaline elasmobranchs: a review." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85, no. 5 (October 2005): 1049–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315405012105.

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published data on the diversity, life history, ecology, and status of freshwater and euryhaline elasmobranchs was reviewed in the context of anthropogenic threats and principles of conservation biology. at least 171 species of elasmobranch, representing 68 genera and 34 families, are recorded from fresh or estuarine waters. of these, over half are marginal in estuaries, less than one-tenth are euryhaline, and one-fifth are obligate in fresh water. obligate freshwater elasmobranchs are dominated by myliobatoid stingrays, of which two-thirds are potamotrygonids endemic to atlantic drainages of south america. freshwater and euryhaline elasmobranchs adhere to strongly k-selected life histories and feed at high trophic levels, similar to those of their marine relatives. however, freshwater and euryhaline elasmobranchs are also subject to habitat constraints, notably more limited volume and physicochemical variability than the ocean, that may render them more vulnerable than marine elasmobranchs to the effects of human activities. the greatest diversity and abundance of freshwater and euryhaline elasmobranchs occur in tropical countries with enormous and rapidly increasing human populations, notably south america, west africa, and south-east asia. knowledge of the biology, distribution, ecology, and status of freshwater and euryhaline elasmobranchs is frustrated by unresolved taxonomic problems, which are briefly summarized. to clarify selected issues in the conservation of freshwater and euryhaline elasmobranchs, special attention is given to sharks of the genus glyphis, pristids, and potamotrygonids. to foster live release when possible as well as prevent discard of specimens and loss of data, an illustrated key to differentiate carcharhinus from glyphis sharks is provided. obligate freshwater elasmobranchs with limited geographic ranges are deemed most vulnerable to extinction, but euryhaline elasmobranchs that require access to the sea to breed are also at significant risk. based on the foregoing data and principles of conservation biology, suggested action plans for the conservation of freshwater and euryhaline elasmobranchs and the conservation of freshwater habitats are provided.
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27

Schuler, Matthew S., Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles, William D. Hintz, Brenda Dyack, Sebastian Birk, and Rick A. Relyea. "Regulations are needed to protect freshwater ecosystems from salinization." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1764 (December 3, 2018): 20180019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0019.

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Anthropogenic activities such as mining, agriculture and industrial wastes have increased the rate of salinization of freshwater ecosystems around the world. Despite the known and probable consequences of freshwater salinization, few consequential regulatory standards and management procedures exist. Current regulations are generally inadequate because they are regionally inconsistent, lack legal consequences and have few ion-specific standards. The lack of ion-specific standards is problematic, because each anthropogenic source of freshwater salinization is associated with a distinct set of ions that can present unique social and economic costs. Additionally, the environmental and toxicological consequences of freshwater salinization are often dependent on the occurrence, concentration and ratios of specific ions. Therefore, to protect fresh waters from continued salinization, discrete, ion-specific management and regulatory strategies should be considered for each source of freshwater salinization, using data from standardized, ion-specific monitoring practices. To develop comprehensive monitoring, regulatory, and management guidelines, we recommend the use of co-adaptive, multi-stakeholder approaches that balance environmental, social, and economic costs and benefits associated with freshwater salinization. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects’.
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28

CRANDALL, KEITH A. "APPLICATIONS OF PHYLOGENETICS TO ISSUES IN FRESHWATER CRAYFISH BIOLOGY." Bulletin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture, no. 380-381 (2006): 953–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae:2006034.

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29

Keiper, Joe B., William E. Walton, and Benjamin A. Foote. "Biology and Ecology of Higher Diptera from Freshwater Wetlands." Annual Review of Entomology 47, no. 1 (January 2002): 207–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145159.

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30

Dudgeon, David. "Freshwater Biology- sustaining excellence in a world of change." Freshwater Biology 60, no. 9 (August 14, 2015): 1737–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12631.

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31

Guerrero, H. Y., E. Cardillo, G. Poleo, and D. Marcano. "Reproductive biology of freshwater fishes from the Venezuelan floodplains." Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 35, no. 1 (August 24, 2008): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10695-008-9249-7.

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32

RESH, VINCENT H. "Periodical citations in aquatic entomology and freshwater benthic biology." Freshwater Biology 15, no. 6 (December 1985): 757–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1985.tb00247.x.

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33

Reddick, Yvonne. "“Icthyologue”: Freshwater Biology in the Poetry of Ted Hughes." Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 22, no. 2 (September 30, 2014): 264–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isle/isu108.

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34

Howells, G. "G. Howells (Book Review) On “Biology of Freshwater Pollution”." Chemistry and Ecology 13, no. 2 (December 1996): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02757549608035525.

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35

Low, Chen-Fei, Mohd Radzi Md Yusoff, Giva Kuppusamy, and Nur Farahiyah Ahmad Nadzri. "Molecular biology ofMacrobrachium rosenbergiinodavirus infection in giant freshwater prawn." Journal of Fish Diseases 41, no. 12 (October 1, 2018): 1771–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12895.

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36

Kaczmarek, Łukasz. "Final Note of Special Issue “Tardigrades Taxonomy, Biology and Ecology”." Diversity 12, no. 5 (April 25, 2020): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12050169.

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Tardigrada (water bears) are microscopic invertebrates inhabiting aquatic (freshwater and marine) and terrestrial habitats. They are thriving in almost all Earth ecosystems from deepest oceans to highest mountains, from tropics to polar regions. Water bears are probably most famous for their cryptobiotic abilities, which allow them to survive a broad spectrum of extreme environmental conditions. The Special Issue on tardigrades was launched to popularize research on these fascinating microinvertebrates. The published papers were focused on (a) marine and terrestrial tardigrades diversity, (b) interpopulation variability of Antarctic eutardigrade Paramacrobiotus fairbanksi, (c) encystment in freshwater eutardigrade Thulinius ruffoi and (d) use of a metabarcoding approach to community structures studies in microenvironments.
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37

Weyl, Olaf, Albert Chakona, and Ian Harrison. "Journal of Fish Biology Special Issue on Biology and Ecology of African Freshwater Fishes." Journal of Fish Biology 93, no. 1 (July 2018): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13754.

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38

Greenwood, P. Humphry, C. Lévêque, M. N. Bruton, G. W. Ssentongo, and C. Leveque. "Biologie et Écologie des Poissons d'eau Douce Africains (Biology and Ecology of African Freshwater Fishes)." Copeia 1991, no. 2 (May 16, 1991): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1446612.

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39

Pelster, Bernd, Adalberto L. Val, and Reinhard Dallinger. "Recent advances in biology and physiology of tropical freshwater fish." Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological and Integrative Physiology 335, no. 9-10 (October 18, 2021): 721–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.2552.

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40

Potter, I. C., and F. W. H. Beamish. "The freshwater biology of adult anadromous Sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus." Journal of Zoology 181, no. 1 (May 6, 2010): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1977.tb04573.x.

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41

Lameiras, Juliana Luiza Varjão, Oscar Tadeu Ferreira da Costa, and Maria Cristina Dos-Santos. "Neotropical freshwater stingrays (Chondrichthyes – Potamotrygoninae): biology, general features and envenomation." Toxin Reviews 39, no. 4 (January 28, 2019): 333–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2018.1542406.

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42

Abell, Robin. "Conservation Biology for the Biodiversity Crisis: a Freshwater Follow-up." Conservation Biology 16, no. 5 (October 2002): 1435–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.01532.x.

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43

Sharifian, Sana, Ehsan Kamrani, and Mohsen Dehghani. "Reproductive biology of Sodhiana iranica (Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from Southern Iran." Revista de Biología Tropical 65, no. 1 (November 1, 2016): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v65i1.23242.

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Freshwater crab, Sodhiana iranica, is an endemic gecarcinucid crab that has been recently reported from Southern Iran. This research examined some reproductive aspects of S. iranica from Eelood freshwater spring, Southern Iran. Crabs were haphazardly sampled from April 2012 to April 2013, on a bimonthly basis. Measurements of Gonado-Somatic Index (GSI), Hepato-Somatic Index (HSI), oocyte diameter, and other aspects such as carapace width (CW) and total body weight (TW) were made in the captured specimens. Results showed a single seasonal reproductive cycle. Maturation and spawning occurred from December 2012 to April 2013 during the study period. The peaks of HSI were observed in April 2012 and February 2013. The oocyte diameter showed its most significant increase between August 2012 and February 2013. Considering the single seasonal breeding of S. iranica, a correct management, during the reproductive cycle, is necessary to support a healthy stock of this crab.
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44

Rodríguez, Gilberto, and Célio Magalhães. "Recent advances in the biology of the Neotropical freshwater crab family Pseudothelphusidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura)." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 22, no. 2 (June 2005): 354–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752005000200009.

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Pseudothelphusidae is a well diversified group of Neotropical freshwater crabs currently comprising 40 genera and at least 255 species and subspecies. The biology of these crabs has been an active field of research in the last 20 years. The aim of the present contribution is to discuss the significance of the new knowledge on the biology of these freshwater crabs after September 1992, to stress the interconnection of the diverse lines of research and at the same time to suggest promising new lines of investigation. All taxa described from September 1992 to October 2004 are listed, including one genus, one subgenus, 62 species and five subspecies. The implications of this new knowledge on the taxonomy, systematic and biogeography of the family are commented.
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45

Cañedo-Argüelles, Miguel, Ben Kefford, and Ralf Schäfer. "Salt in freshwaters: causes, effects and prospects - introduction to the theme issue." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1764 (December 3, 2018): 20180002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0002.

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Humans are globally increasing the salt concentration of freshwaters (i.e. freshwater salinization), leading to significant effects at the population, community and ecosystem level. The present theme issue focuses on priority research questions and delivers results that contribute to shaping the future research agenda on freshwater salinization as well as fostering our capacity to manage salinization. The issue is structured along five topics: (i) the estimation of future salinity and evaluation of the relative contribution of the different drivers; (ii) the physiological responses of organisms to alterations in ion concentrations with a specific focus on the osmophysiology of freshwater insects and the responses of different organisims to seawater intrusion; (iii) the impact of salinization on ecosystem functioning, also considering the connections between riparian and stream ecosystems; (iv) the role of context in moderating the response to salinization. The contributions scrutinise the role of additional stressors, biotic interactions, the identify of the ions and their ratios, as well as of the biogeographic and evolutionary context; and (v) the public discourse on salinization and recommendations for management and regulation. In this paper we introduce the general background of salinization, outline research gaps and report key findings from the contributions to this theme issue. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects’.
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46

Stefano, Bovero, and Trovò Paola Viviana. "Into the Deep: Diving Record for the Dice Snake Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768) in Lake Orta, NW Italy." IgMin Research 2, no. 5 (May 2, 2024): 299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.61927/igmin179.

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Many snakes live close to water, with several groups displaying morphological, physiological, or behavioral adaptions to aquatic environments. Although marine snakes have been found at depths beyond 200 m, freshwater snakes are rarely reported at depths larger than a few meters. Here we report freshwater depth records for the dice snake Natrix tessellata, an aquatic snake belonging to the family Natricidae. Dice snake was observed at depths down to 17 m, including in habitats below the thermocline, in Lake Orta (Northern Italy). These observations open new perspectives related to the biology and physiology of Palearctic freshwater snakes belonging to the family Natricidae.
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47

Goddard, Kathryn. "Microplastics, Marine Copepods & Freshwater Cladocerans." American Biology Teacher 84, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2022.84.4.223.

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Microplastic particles (MPs) less than 5 mm in size swirl and bob in freshwaters and seas around the world. To familiarize college biology students with the pressing issue of microplastic pollution and designing their own experiments, I assigned investigatation into whether marine copepods (Tigriopus californicus) or freshwater cladocerans (Daphnia magna) ingest MPs in the laboratory. Groups of students produced a title, hypothesis, and annotated bibliography. They developed their experiments in a project planning table. They carried out three weeks of experiments. Students wrote papers or gave poster presentations. They wrote reflections that revealed expected gains, such as recognition of the importance of sample size, and more nuanced gains, such as developing personal views on working with live organisms. The students found that 20 μm of blue MPs could be seen within the digestive tract and released fecal pellets of Tigriopus californicus within 24 hours. And, 20 μm of red MPs accumulated in the digestive tract of Daphnia magna within two days. The ingestion did not increase death rates over controls (in keeping with much published research on this topic). Students had the opportunity to see and reflect on the direct interaction of organisms with plastic pollution.
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48

Weyl, Olaf LF, and Albert Chakona. "Journal of Fish Biology special issue on The Biology and Ecology of African Freshwater Fishes." Journal of Fish Biology 96, no. 5 (May 2020): 1075–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14362.

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49

LAMELAS-LÓPEZ, LUCAS, PEDRO MIGUEL RAPOSEIRO, PAULO A. V. BORGES, and MARGARITA FLORENCIO. "Annotated checklist of aquatic beetles (Coleoptera) and true bugs (Heteroptera) in the Azores Islands: new records and corrections of colonization status." Zootaxa 4353, no. 1 (November 22, 2017): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4353.1.7.

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In comparison with other Macaronesian archipelagos, Azorean freshwater macroinvertebrates are characterized by a smaller list of species at the archipelago regional scale. Although knowledge of the freshwater fauna of the Azores has improved in recent years through the implementation of the "Water Framework Directive", we are still far from having a complete inventory and even further from knowing the precise distribution and biology of each species. The lack of knowledge about Azorean freshwater species is coupled with the vulnerability of their habitats to anthropogenic disturbances and the introduction of non-native species. In contributing to overcome Wallacean and Hutchinsonian biodiversity shortfalls, we here provide expanded knowledge on the distribution and biology of the freshwater species of Coleoptera and Heteroptera in the Azores. We compile data from various fieldwork performed between 2006 and 2014, encompassing four islands in the archipelago. We detected new records of two aquatic Heteroptera species (belonging to the families Corixidae and Notonectidae) and six of aquatic Coleoptera (belonging to the families Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydrophilidae and Hydraenidae) in these islands, and also a new record (Enochrus fuscipennis) for the Azorean archipelago. We also suggest that the introduced colonization status of three Coleoptera species of the family Hydrophilidae should be reformulated as possibly native, with implications for conservation.
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50

Kaushal, Sujay S., Gene E. Likens, Michael L. Pace, Shahan Haq, Kelsey L. Wood, Joseph G. Galella, Carol Morel, et al. "Novel ‘chemical cocktails' in inland waters are a consequence of the freshwater salinization syndrome." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1764 (December 3, 2018): 20180017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0017.

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Widespread changes in water temperatures, salinity, alkalinity and pH have been documented in inland waters in North America, which influence ion exchange, weathering rates, chemical solubility and contaminant toxicity. Increasing major ion concentrations from pollution, human-accelerated weathering and saltwater intrusion contribute to multiple ecological stressors such as changing ionic strength and pH and mobilization of chemical mixtures resulting in the freshwater salinization syndrome (FSS). Here, we explore novel combinations of elements, which are transported together as chemical mixtures containing salts, nutrients and metals as a consequence of FSS. First, we show that base cation concentrations have increased in regions primarily in North America and Europe over 100 years. Second, we show interactions between specific conductance, pH, nitrate and metals using data from greater than 20 streams located in different regions of the USA. Finally, salinization experiments and routine monitoring demonstrate mobilization of chemical mixtures of cations, metals and nutrients in 10 streams draining the Washington, DC–Baltimore, MD metropolitan regions. Freshwater salinization mobilizes diverse chemical mixtures influencing drinking water quality, infrastructure corrosion, freshwater CO 2 concentrations and biodiversity. Most regulations currently target individual contaminants, but FSS requires managing mobilization of multiple chemical mixtures and interacting ecological stressors as consequences of freshwater salinization. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects’.
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