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1
Rongre, Yohanis. "Word-Level Translation Techniques in Medical Terms From English into Indonesian." ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 1, no. 1 (May 26, 2018): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/els-jish.v1i1.4183.
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The aim of this study was to describe the use of translation techniques and the impact of the use of translation techniques on the accuracy and acceptability of medical terms in book of the Foundation Module: the midwife in the community. The method used in this research was a mixed method design, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches as it to discuss the quantification of the frequency of translation techniques used by the translator to translate medical terms and the impact of translation techniques applied on the accuracy and acceptability of the medical term translations. The source of data in this study is a book entitled Foundation Module: the midwife in the community and its Indonesian translation and 6 informants as well as a rater to assess the quality of medical terms translation. The results of this study showed that translation of medical terms of total 334 data dominated by naturalized borrowing 32.63%, calque 16.77% and description technique 8.38%. Meanwhile, quality assessment of the accuracy level of the translation showed a highly accurate 80.24% and assessment of acceptability 86.53%. Mostly the techniques used in translating medical terms give a positive influence for the accuracy and acceptability level of translation because the techniques used delivery the same information from the source language into the target language which is accepted linguistically.
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Marco, Josep. "The translation of wordplay in literary texts." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 22, no. 2 (December 31, 2010): 264–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.22.2.05mar.
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The present study aims to analyse wordplay translation on the basis of the three aspects mentioned in the title—wordplay typology, translation techniques and relevant factors. The theoretical framework is eclectic but draws particularly on Delabastita (1996, 1997) and Lladó (2002). Empirical analysis is based on three English source texts and six Catalan translations, and focuses on two main issues: the frequency distribution of pairs of ST + TT segments across translation techniques, and the possible correlation(s) between translation techniques and factors influencing decision-making. It is observed that translators tend to use techniques implying a negative punning balance, i.e. resulting in some degree of loss of punning activity. Moreover, some factors identified in the literature are seen to correlate with the use of particular translation techniques. Finally, in the last section an attempt is made to go beyond description and explanation and to assess wordplay translation techniques in terms of their suitability as translation solutions.
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Alcubilla, Javier Joglar. "Inverse Interpolation Techniques for Temporary Specifications Translation to Frequency Domain." International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology 99 (February 28, 2017): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijast.2017.99.04.
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Pahrul Hadi, Muhammad Zaki, Erwin Suhendra, and Titik Ceriyani Miswaty. "THE USE OF TRANSLATION IDEOLOGY AND TECHNIQUES IN INDONESIAN VERSION OF AGATHA CHRISTIE’S ENDLESS NIGHT NOVEL." Humanitatis : Journal of Language and Literature 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 231–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30812/humanitatis.v6i2.791.
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Abstract
Translation is a process of transfering source text into the target text viewed from the equivalent of meaning, with equvalencies, the message in the translation text will be the same as the target text. Hence, translating is not just the process of tranfering text from the source language into the target language. However, instead of ideas, translation enters compilation, he processes a translation product. The use of appropriate translation techniques also affects the quality of the translation results. This study aims to describe the ideology of translation in Indonesian Version of Agatha Christie’s Endless Night Novel. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data of this study are qualitative based on types of words, phrases and sentences containing translation techniques and ideology taken from the translated novel of Indonesian Version of Agatha Christie’s Endless Night Novel. Based on the analysis of translation techniques and the ideology of translation used in the text, the ideology used in the translation text is foreignization. Based on the analysis, the results of the study show that of the 18 translation techniques, 12 translation techniques were found consisting of; Literal translation (53%), Amplification (11%), Variation (8%), Particularization (6%), Borrowing (6%), Transposition (5%), Reduction (4%), Calque (2%), Compensation (2%). Meanwhile Description, Linguistic Compression, and Established Equivalent occur only in (1%). The result of the study shows that the most dominant technique used in Indonesian version of Agatha Christie’s endless night novel is Literal translation with 82 occurrences frequency or 53%.
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Bondarenko, Kateryna, and Oleksandr Bondarenko. "Translating English slang into Ukrainian: A study of Pulp Fiction and Once Upon a Time in… Hollywood." SHS Web of Conferences 105 (2021): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110504001.
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This research focuses on translation strategies and techniques for rendering slang in Quentin Tarantino’s films “Pulp Fiction” and “Once Upon a Time in Hollywood”. The material of the research was the original scripts for the films and their translations into Ukrainian. Defining translation strategies when transferring English slang into Ukrainian involved: frequency analysis of the slang words; semantic decomposition of the slang words to establish their meanings; and comparison of the words to reveal consistent patterns of translating English slang into Ukrainian. Slang words fucking, fuck, shit, goddamn, motherfucker make up 3.6% of the total wordcount in “Pulp Fiction” and 1.33% in “Once Upon a Time in… Hollywood”. They mainly function as exclamations, nominations for something inferior, as euphony, or to denote a despicable adversary. Literal translation has been registered in 31.73% in “Pulp Fiction” and 30.98% in “Once Upon a Time in Hollywood”, explicitation (6.07% and 26.03%,) substitution (39.75% and 48.8%). Slang words were neutralised in 15.45% and 16.8%, omitted in 21.34% and 21.72%. The study hypothesises that the techniques involved show a correlation between the semantic transparency of the slang word and the strategy chosen.
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Kirmadi, Kirmadi, Erwin Ashari, and Shalehoddin Shalehoddin. "THE STUDY OF TRANSLATION TECHNIQUE ON MANUAL INSTRUCTION OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES." ANGLO-SAXON: Jurnal Ilmiah Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris 12, no. 2 (December 26, 2021): 306–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33373/as.v12i2.3840.
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This study was aimed to analyze translation technique on manual instruction of electronic devices at PT. Philips. The objectives of this study are the first to find out the most dominant of the translation techniques used in translation techniques of manual instruction book ‘Philips’ electronic iron. The second is to identify the translation techniques used in in translation techniques of manual instruction book ‘Philips’ electronic iron in case English to Indonesian language. This study applied descriptive qualitative approach in analyzing of the data obtained. The data based on the text of the instruction manual on the Philip electronic devices. The findings of this study showed that there are 120 data consist of 8 words, 55 phrases and 57 sentences on the manual instruction of Philips electronic iron especially translation in English to Bahasa Indonesia. The techniques Calque was mostly applied in translation with 25 frequencies (18.33%), then the second position is Borrowing with 22 frequencies (18.33%), then third is Establish Equivalent with 16 frequencies (13.33%), the fourth is Particularization with 13 frequencies (10.83%), the next is Literal with 10 frequencies (8.33%), the next is Adaptation with 9 frequencies (7.50%), then the next is Discursive Creation with 9 frequencies (7.50%), Amplification with 7 frequencies (5.83%), Transposition with 4 frequencies (3.33%), Generalization with 4 frequencies (3.33%) and the last is Reduction with 1 frequency (0.83%).. This study could be concluded that the translator tended to translate foreign words or phrases more lexically and structurally rather than other techniques
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Турчин, Юлія, and Наталія Гриців. "LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE TRANSLATION OF POLITICAL DISCOURSE." Молодий вчений, no. 5 (93) (May 31, 2021): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32839/2304-5809/2021-5-93-48.
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The study deals with the issue of lexical and grammatical transformations used by translators in the process of translating the texts of political news from NATO`s official website. In this article, the definition of the term “translator’s transformations” based on the analysis of different scholars’ points of view on this matter was suggested. Various classifications of translation transformations were mentioned. The paper highlights the reasons for using lexical and grammatical transformations in translation, and why these transformations are helpful for translators. The analysis of the use of the features and patterns of translation techniques to achieve the adequacy of translation was performed. In the article transformations in the translation of the texts of political news (from the NATO official website) were examined. The research is focused on the main characteristic features and peculiarities of using grammatical and lexical transformations in the process of translating political texts. The research object is transformations in translation of the texts of political news (from the NATO official website). The research subject is the features and principles of using grammatical and lexical transformations in the process of translating political texts. The results of the research indicate the most characteristic lexical and grammatical transformation in the translation of political news and the frequency of their use.
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Borankulova, Bakitgul, Svetlana Androsova, Gulnar Muratova, Zhanna Abdigaliyeva, and Altinay Kuzyassova. "Medical terminology in an audiovisual product." XLinguae 15, no. 2 (April 2022): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2022.15.02.04.
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Audiovisual translation (AVT) from English into other languages is gaining popularity both in the entertainment and professional realms. Besides language difficulties, an interpreter has to face cultural challenges and a lack of professional knowledge of a particular subject field. This paper examines medical AVT from English to Kazakh. Translation issues in this field have rarely been the focus of linguistic studies, with hardly any studies of the matter with Kazakh as a target language. During the Covid-19 pandemic, it is crucial to be aware of cutting-edge technology and treatment techniques that are available in English. The TEDMED oral report “The Wireless Future of Medicine” made by Eric Topol, a distinguished cardiologist and geneticist, and its voice-over translation provided by the Kazakhstan national bureau of translations were chosen as the material for this pilot study. Continuous sampling was used to select 95 terms and term phrases (T-units) in the source text that were further distributed into eight subject field groups. A standard classification was used to identify the translation technique in each case in the target text. As a result, frequency models were built for both subject groups and translation techniques. Groups related to medical procedures, medical devices, anatomy and physiology were the most frequent. There was a clear correlation between the subject field and dominant translation technique: equivalence prevailed in the fields connected with Kazakh medicine from nomadic times, while in other fields, there was an increase of techniques other than the equivalence.
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Nasution, Dewi Kesuma. "Impact of Translation Techniques and Ideology Quality Text Translation in Mantra Jamuan Laut." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (May 8, 2020): 1518–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i2.1024.
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Mantra Jamuan Laut is spells or words used by a sea-handler in the process of Ritual Ceremony among Malay society in Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai, North Sumatra - Indonesia. This study deals with translation technique, ideologies and quality of the translated text of sea repast incantation from Malay language into English. There was 82 clauses of translated text as the data. The source of data is the utterances of a sea-handler and FGD. Descriptive qualitative was applied by using Molina and Albir’s theory to find out the translation techniques meanwhile the theory of Nababan & Machali used to figure out the quality of the translation. Considering the fact that the data which consists of four incantations are translated by five translators, then the results of their translation vary. From the analysis, it was found that there were 11 techniques of 18 applied with literal as the most dominant technique. Thereby the translators embraced foreignization ideology that mainly focuses on the source text. The utilization of foreignization ideology and the use of source language-oriented translation techniques showed that intercultural and thematic knowledge of the translators are insufficient. Since the frequency of literal technique was less than 25%, the quality of translated-text was regarded as ‘fair’.
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Nodia Gustri Somahhida and Imam Makruf. "ANALYSIS OF MUFRODAD'S MANAGEMENT IN TRANSLATING THE LEXICAL OF THE SANTRI BOOK IN DARUSSALAM KARTASURA." JURNAL AL-IHDA : Media Ilmiah Bahasa Arab 10, no. 2 (December 21, 2022): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.58645/alihda.v10i2.247.
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This article aims to analyze vocabulary mastery in translating lexical to determine students' vocabulary mastery in translating books. Arabic has a wealth of vocabulary so that the vocabulary is often different but the meaning is the same in Indonesian. In translating a book, a translator must master several elements related to Arabic translation. Errors in translating will have fatal consequences for the content of the text and others who understand it. This is the cause of the importance of mastering vocabulary in translating lexical books. The boarding house has its own unique method of learning. Translating lexical is one of its own characteristics in the dormitory. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, the object of research is the students of the Ula and Ulya levels which are the second and third levels of the 4 levels of learning at this Islamic boarding school. while the data collection techniques by observation, questionnaires and interviews. The results of the study showed that the mastery of vocabulary in translating lexical was assisted by the students' notes during the learning process. Students write translations of meaning into their respective books. So students can reopen when they forget. Memorization of vocabulary will make it easier in the future and can also increase vocabulary, but the frequency of finding the vocabulary when learning a student will indirectly memorize it by itself
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Boginskaya, Anastasia. "French translations of “Eugene Onegin”: on the conveyance of stylistic patterns." Litera, no. 11 (November 2021): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2021.11.36632.
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This research is dedicated to the topic of multivariate translations. Leaning on the text corpus that contains 16 French translations of A. S. Pushkin's novel “Eugene Onegin”, analysis is conducted on the peculiarities of conveying certain characteristic stylistic patterns in French texts alongside other stylistic techniques of the original, as well as changes in translations depending on the poetic form chosen by the translator. The selected extensive material trace traces the evolution of translators’ approach towards the stylistics of Pushkin's text over time. The article focuses on the chapters III and VIII of the novel. Comparative analysis demonstrates the dependence of the stylistic aspect of translation on the poetic form chosen by the translator. Prose translations provide more accurate stylistic equivalents than translations of the verses. Poetry translations are divided into two groups: 1) accurate compliance with the of Onegin’s verse; 2) departure from the rhyme pattern of the original. The frequency of transmitting stylistic techniques of the original in both groups does not demonstrated significant systematic differences. The author determines the consistencies in conveying certain stylistic patterns in various French translations. Periphrases, comparisons, inversions, and metaphors most of the time receive stylistically accurate equivalents in all translations; while metonymy and polysyndeton with conjunction “and” do not. The scientific novelty lies in examination of the text corpus that contains virtually all existing full translations of the novel “Eugene Onegin”.
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Sapta, Afaf Astria, Azwandi Azwandi, and Arasuli Arasuli. "Translation Strategies Applied by the Fifth-Semester Students of English Education Study Program in Translating English Written Texts into Indonesian Langauge." Journal of English Education and Teaching 4, no. 1 (March 6, 2020): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jeet.4.1.102-114.
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This research attempted to find out translation strategies applied by the fifth-semester students of English Education Study Program in translating English written texts into Indonesian. It was conducted by applying descriptive qualitative and quantitative approach. The subject of the research were 61 pieces of translation task collected from the lecturer into taught translation subject. Data of this research were collected from the students’ assignment about Explanation text given by the lecturer. . The data analysis was done by using translation techniques theory proposed by Suryawinata and Hariyanto (2003). The results of this research revealed that the use of each translation strategy varied in terms of frequency. The translation strategies used by the students from the most dominant to the least dominant respectively were as follows ; 1) Borrowing (56.61%); 2) Omission (29.41%); 3) Synonym (6.80%), 4) Addition (3.49%), 5) and Transposition (3.49%). The applications of reduction and expansion were not found. Among all the five translation strategies found in the students’ translation works, omission, synonym and borrowing were accurately applied. Furthermore, addition and transposition were not accurately and successfully applied by the students.
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Hartono, Edi, and Issy Yuliasri. "Techniques of Translating Adele’s 25 Album into Indonesian and The Naturalness Quality." Rainbow: Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Cultural Studies 8, no. 1 (July 29, 2019): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/rainbow.v8i1.29645.
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This research focuses on analyzing the use of translation techniques and the naturalness of the translated lyrics. The objectives of the study were to investigate the translation techniques used to translate song lyrics and to identify the naturalness in translated lyrics of Adele's 25 album songs. This research was done qualitatively. This research applied the translation technique classification proposed by Molina and Albir (2002:509-511) and the naturalness assessment proposed by Nababan (2012). Data analysis was done by comparing the original language and the translated lyrics version to find out the most used of translation techniques. The rater survey was also done by asking 20 respondents to find out the naturalness level of the translated lyrics. The results of the study showed that there were 276 data of the translated lyrics and 11 translation techniques found in this research. Literal translation technique was the most frequent used, followed by Linguistic compression. Some other translation techniques were used moderately such as, Established equivalent, reduction, and discursive creation. The rest techniques were used in low frequency such as modulation, amplification, compensation, linguistic amplification, transposition, and particularization. In terms of naturalness assessed by twenty respondents found that around 61.95% of the data were considered natural translation, 28.80% were less natural and 9.23% were unnatural. The translation techniques with the highest naturalness were Linguistic amplification technique with a percentage 68.18%, particularization was contributing most to less natural translation with percentage 45%, and the transposition technique was contributing most to unnatural translation with percentage 23%. From the data, it can be concluded that the translated lyrics of Adele's 25 album were mostly natural.
Keywords: Song; Lyric; Translation Techniques; Naturalness
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Mellinger, Christopher D. "Quantitative questions on big data in translation studies." Meta 67, no. 1 (September 7, 2022): 217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1092197ar.
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As corpus-based translation studies continues to expand, researchers have employed data analytic techniques from neighbouring disciplines, such as corpus linguistics, to explore a wider variety of research questions. The field has evolved from early frequency-based approaches to corpus-based translation studies to now include more advanced statistical analyses to understand the complex web of variables encapsulated by the translation process. Big data analytic techniques that originated in data analytics and related quantitative fields could be usefully applied to research questions in translation and interpreting studies. To assess their applicability, this article first outlines what distinguishes big data from general corpora in translation and interpreting studies, identifying how data volume, variety, and velocity are applicable properties to be considered in corpus-based translation and interpreting studies research. Then, the article presents three types of big data analysis techniques, namely crosslingual and multilingual data analysis, sentiment analysis, and visual analysis. These analyses are presented in conjunction with potential research areas that would benefit from these complementary analytical approaches. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of big data analytics in corpus translation studies, while charting the trajectory of a more quantitative, corpus-based approach to translation studies.
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Restiana, Ismi Ovianti, and Raden Arief Nugroho. "Translation Techniques of Medical Terms Found in Covid-19 Guidebook." Journal of English Language Teaching and Linguistics 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.21462/jeltl.v6i3.663.
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<p><em>This study </em><em>was conducted </em><em>to find and analyze the use of translation techniques used by translators in translating various medical terms contained in the COVID-19 guidebook</em><em> </em><em>based on the theory from Rask (2008)</em><em>.</em> <em>The categories of medical terms used in this study are</em><em> medical terms, epidemiological terms, </em><em>and </em><em>organizational terms. This </em><em>study</em><em> uses</em><em> the</em><em> descriptive qualitative method.</em><em> The data were obtained through classifying and describing the medical terms in the COVID-19 guidebook according to the types of translation techniques based on Molina & Albir (2002). </em><em>The findings show </em><em>the </em><em>type of</em><em> translation technique, t</em><em>hat has been found in this </em><em>study,</em><em> which gets</em><em> a percentage of </em>63,54% as<em> the highest frequency</em><em> reaching </em>739<em> is</em><em> Established Equivalence in all categories.</em><em> </em><em>Interestingly, it can be seen that translators are very concerned about the use of grammatical structures in the source language. Since the grammatical structure in the source language is different from the target language, translators also tend to use a more common language taken from the dictionary but equivalent to the target language.</em></p>
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Hasanah, Hasyatun. "The Analysis of Noun Clause Translation in the Novel of The Kill Order." PIONEER: Journal of Language and Literature 9, no. 2 (December 22, 2017): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.36841/pioneer.v9i2.452.
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This research analyzed the noun clause translation in the novel of The Kill Order and its translation novel. The data in this research are in the form of noun clause in The Kill Order novel and its translation novel. The data were collected by reading both novels and taking notes, then the data were analyzed using Spradley’s theory. The data were analyzed through these following steps: domain analysis, taxonomic analysis, componential analysis, and finding cultural value. The result of the research reveals that there were 73 noun clause found in the novel of The Kill Order. This research applied technique of translation theory by Molina and Albir (2002), the researcher found 14 translation techniques with the frequency usage to 133 times. Furthermore, the quality of noun clause translation is qualified with the final assessment of 2.794 by using theory of quality of translation by Nababan et al (2012). The impacts of translation technique to the translation quality are adaptation, amplification, borrowing, compensation, description, discursive creation, established equivalent, linguistic amplification, linguistic compression, literal, modulation, particularization, reduction, and variation are the techniques of translation which produced qualified data of translation. As the follow up, the researcher expects the next researchers to conduct the analysis on translation with other object of research. The researcher also expects the next researchers to identify clause with different relevant theories.
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Damayanti, Iis, M. R. Nababan, and Diah Kristina. "Exploring Two Different ranslation Versions of Culinary Specific Terms the Subtitle of lm 'Chef'." E-Structural 4, no. 02 (January 31, 2022): 162–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/es.v4i02.5030.
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Abstract. This paper attempts to unfold the phenomena of two different translation versions of culinary terms in film ‘Chef’, namely the subtitle version of ‘Siberian’ and of ‘Agent Nas’. The objectives of the study are to describe the translation techniques used in translating the culinary specific terms in each subtitle version and to explain the influence of the translation techniques used towards the accuracy, acceptability, and the readability of the culinary specific term translation. The study is a product, context, and participant-oriented translation research based on qualitative paradigm that employs a case study model. The data collection techniques are document analysis and focus group discussion and the data technique analysis adopt the principles of ethnography manifested in the use of domain, taxonomy, and componential analysis as well as finding cultural values. The result of the study shows that the two subtitlers have different frequency level in using the techniques and that the techniques used affect the quality of the culinary term translation. The most obvious distinction is that Siberian resorts to many pure borrowings compared to Agent Nas. This translates to a good score of accuracy, but potentially reduce the level of acceptability of the translation. In addition, Agent Nas resorts to annotation technique that is meant to improve the understanding of the viewers while Siberian does not. All in all, the overall translation quality of culinary terms produced by the two subtitlers is almost equal with Agent Nas version slightly better than Siberian.Keywords: culinary specific term translation; translation techniques; translation quality; subtitleAbstrak. Penelitian ini berusaha untuk mengungkap fenomena dua versi terjemahan istilah khusus kuliner yang berbeda dalam film ‘Chef’, yakni versi subtitle ‘Siberian’ dan versi ‘Agent Nas’. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkap teknik penerjemahan yang digunakan dalam menerjemahkan istilah khusus kuliner pada masing-masing versi subtitle dan menjelaskan dampak penggunaan teknik penerjemahan tersebut terhadap tingkat keakuratan, keberterimaan, dan keterbacaan terjemahan istilah khusus kuliner. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian penerjemahan yang berorientasi pada produk, konteks, dan partisipan yang berdasarkan pada paradigma kualitatif yang berbentuk studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah analisis dokumen dan diskusi kelompok fokus dan teknik analisis data yang digunakan menerapkan prinsip etnografi dalam bentuk analisis dokumen, taksonomi, komponensial, serta menemukan tema budaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bawha dua penerjemah tersebut memiliki tingkat frekuensi penggunaan teknik penerjemahan yang berbeda dan teknik yang digunakan berdampak pada kualitas terjemahan yang dihasilkan. Perbedaan yang paling mencolok adalah penggunaan teknik peminjaman murni oleh Siberian jauh lebih sering dilakukan dibandingkan dengan Agen Nas. Namun demikian, Agent Nas juga ditemukan menggunakan teknik anotasi yang dimaksudkan untuk memudahkan penonton untuk memahami terjemahan sedangkan Siberian sama sekali tidak menggunakannya. Secara garis besar, kualitas keseluruhan terjemahan istilah khusus kuliner yang dihasilkan oleh kedua versi subtitle hampir sama dengan nilai Agent Nas sedikit lebih tinggi dari Siberian. Kata kunci: terjemahan istilah khusus kuliner; teknik penerjemahan; kualitas terjemahan; subtitle
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Friel, Brian M., and Shelia M. Kennison. "Identifying German–English cognates, false cognates, and non-cognates: methodological issues and descriptive norms." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 4, no. 3 (December 2001): 249–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728901000438.
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We investigated 563 German–English nouns for the purposes of identifying cognates, false cognates and non-cognates. Two techniques for identifying cognates were used and compared: (i) De Groot and Nas's (1991) similarity-rating technique and (ii) a translation-elicitation task similar to that of Kroll and Stewart (1994). The results obtained with English-speaking participants produced 112 cognates, 94 false cognates, and 357 non cognates and indicated that the two techniques yielded similar findings. Rated similarity of German–English translation pairs and translation accuracy were positively correlated. We also investigated whether the presence of German-specific characters and the availability of German pronunciation information influenced similarity ratings and translation accuracy. Ratings for translation pairs in which the German word contained a language-specific character were lower and the word was translated less accurately. Participants provided with pronunciation information rated German–English translation pairs as being more similar and translated German words correctly more often than participants who did not receive pronunciation information. We also report the relationships among word frequency, rated imageability and the performance measures. The resulting database of information is intended to be a resource for researchers interested in cognitive processing in German–English bilinguals.
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Molkov, Georgiy A. "Ways of adapting Greekisms in the Slavic-Russian version of the Euchologion of the Great Church." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 18, no. 1 (2021): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2021.106.
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The Slavic-Russian translation of the Euchologion of the Great Church, made at the end of the 14th century by scribes from the circle of Metropolitan Cyprian, contains a large layer of exotic vocabulary. The purpose of this article is to describe the specifics of the adaptation of Greek vocabulary, borrowings, in this translation within the framework of Greek influence, which are known from the South Slavic translations of the 14th century. The article describes the differences concerning the degree of their morphological development, the relationship with their Slavic equivalent and with each other. Different ways of adapting the exoticisms are associated with their semantic heterogeneity in translation. The least ordered is the use of common noun vocabulary, denoting mainly objects of church use: each word that occurs repeatedly has its own set of declination variants. Proper names (or common nouns in the function of proper ones), as well as the names of heretical movements, were more consistently adapted. The frequency of such vocabulary in the Euchologion contributed to the development of typified means of its transmission. Along with techniques traditional for the 14th century for the Slavic tradition (glossing, deliberate use of unadapted foreign words), the translator also uses some new ways of adaptation, which can be considered as signs of the new wave of Greek influence. The new methods include cases of semantization of a variant of Greekism that differs from the traditional one, as well as methods of morphological and morphophonological adaptation of borrowings not known in the previous tradition.
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TAN, Xiaoyan. "A Study of Essay Translation Under the Guidance of Werner Koller’s Equivalence Theory: Take Texts in the First Volume of Selected Modern Chinese Essays by Zhang Peiji as Examples." International Journal of Social Science Research 10, no. 2 (April 28, 2022): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijssr.v10i2.19815.
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As an important part of Chinese literature, Chinese essay plays an essential role in spreading Chinese culture. However, compared with other literary translations, studies of essay translations have been far left behind than those of others. Under this background, this thesis, leveraging qualitative analysis and based on Koller’s equivalence theory, will deeply analyze some translated texts from Zhang Peiji’s first set of Selected Modern Chinese Essays, including the following aspects: the translated texts presenting the original content corresponding to denotative and connotative equivalence; re-appearing of the original style to text-normative equivalence; transferring the original forms and aesthetics to formal equivalence and achieving communicative effect to pragmatic equivalence. In so doing, this thesis will further delve into the features of Koller’s equivalence theory, present more perspectives on analyzing essay translations and try to shed some light on the future essay translation.Finally, this thesis concludes that Koller’s equivalence theory is very helpful in guiding the analysis of translated essays and bringing enlightenment to essay translation. The analysis finds that in his translations, Mr. Zhang Peiji not only has faithfully conveyed the original texts’ contents, but also has maintained the original style and in some cases even represented the source text’s aesthetics. Besides, he has also taken target readers into consideration as a way to achieve better communicative effect. What should be noticed is that the functions, frequency and usages among different aspects of equivalence are varied. Therefore, translators are supposed to adopt different translation strategies and techniques in accordance with specific situations so as to achieve better equivalence effect and improve translation quality.
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Goldschmidtboeing, Frank, Uwe Pelz, Karen Claire-Zimmet, Michael Wolf, Ralf Goerlach, and Peter Woias. "Bristle Motion, Forces, and Related Vertical Translation for a Novel Electric Toothbrush Design." Strojniški vestnik – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 66, no. 9 (September 15, 2020): 505–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2020.6665.
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This paper presents a combination of theoretical and experimental techniques applied to characterize the bristle motion, forces, and related vertical translation for a novel electric toothbrush design with a linear drive system. Results of the theoretical description, based on a single filament, were successfully compared with laboratory-based investigations: force measurements and high-speed video analysis, and tracking the toothbrush motion. This work describes the vertical translation induced in the toothbrush head, of up to 250 μm, when the toothbrush bristles are applied against a contact surface at brushing loads of approximately 1 N to 2.5 N. Using these techniques, including Fast-Fourier transform analysis, it is shown that the vertical motion of the head is composed of the driving frequency and its harmonics.
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Budi, Wahyu. "Analysis of Category Shifts Translation: Case Study of Harry Potter and The Sorcerer's Stone Novel Translation from English to Indonesian." Journal of Economics and Business Letters 2, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55942/jebl.v2i2.156.
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This study aims to determine the category shift that occurs in the English-Indonesian text in the novel Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, and to find out what category shift is dominant. This study will also explain why a category shift occurs in the English-Indonesian text in the novel Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone. This research is a qualitative descriptive research using content analysis method. The data source is the text of the novel Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone in English-Indonesian language. Data analysis used content analysis techniques. The researcher analysed the occurrence of category shift in the novel. From the findings, the four types of category shifts occur in the English-Indonesian text in the novel Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone. They are structure shift, class shift, unit shift, and intra system shift. Unit shift has the highest frequency, which is 122 cases out of 257 cases or 47.85%. Structural shifts have the lowest frequency, which is 39 cases out of 257 category shifts or 15.17%. Class shift occurred 53 times out of 257 cases or 20.62%. Intra-system shift occurred 42 times out of 257 cases or 16.35%
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Choiriyah, Nurul Aini, M. Yunus Anis, Syed Nurulakla Bin Syed Abdullah, and Nor Azuwan Yaakob. "Translation Quality of Arabic Directive Speech Acts in Pandemic’s Book: An Attempt to Delve into Covid-19." Arabiyat : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/a.v9i1.25459.
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This study aimed to describe the types of directive speech acts, the use of translation techniques, and the quality of the Indonesian translation of the book Badzl al-Mâ'ûn fi Fadhl ath-Thâ'ûn. This research used descriptive analysis to describe the findings; the qualitative was chosen as the method of this study. Consequently, the data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman's and Spradley's models. The results of this study stated that there were 60 data consisting of eight directive speech act types, where the frequency of using the technique was found 527 times for 15 techniques. Of the 60 data, 32 were translated accurately, acceptably, and with a high degree of readability and fell into the 'good' category. The average score for translation quality was 2.69. The study's contribution was to analyze Arabic texts translated into Indonesian using pragmatic models and measure their quality so that readers can quickly grasp the pandemic study from the perspective of the Arabic text.
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Winberg, Taylor B., Daniel R. Martel, Thomas B. Hoshizaki, and Andrew C. Laing. "Evaluation of amplitude- and frequency-based techniques for attenuating inertia-based movement artifact during surface translation perturbations." Gait & Posture 86 (May 2021): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.03.024.
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Szczęsny, Anna. "Nazwy kościołów jako problem w tłumaczeniu z języka polskiego na rosyjski." Acta Neophilologica 2, no. XXIV (June 30, 2022): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/an.7807.
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This paper discusses problematic ecclesionyms in translation from Polish into Russian. The first part provides an overview of selected names of Catholic churches in Russia. These names are analyzed as potential recognized equivalents, taking into account their frequency, variants, and compliance with the Catholic tradition. The second part reviews bilingual dictionaries and discusses equivalents for the heorthonym Wniebowzięcie (Assumption) presented in them. In conclusion, translation techniques applicable in the case of ecclesionyms are listed, depending on their main function in the text. Attention is drawn to the need for an interdisciplinary approach to these proper names.
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Kulikova, M. N. "Translation Strategies for Speech Features of Characters in Fictional Texts (a Case Study of Speech of Upper Class Representatives)." Discourse 6, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2020-6-1-129-137.
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Introduction. The paper analyses different means used for conveying the phonetic features of the speech of upper class representatives in English fiction, in particular in the works of Charles Dickens and John Galsworthy. The author focuses on functions of phonographic stylisation of the aristocratic speech and discusses the techniques and strategies for rendering this phenomenon into the Russian language.Methodology and sources. When selecting examples for analysis, we used the method of corpus analysis, which made it possible to establish the frequency of using a particular phonographic means, as well as the continuous sampling method used to analyse a specific technique of phonographic stylisation. Methods of linguistic, sociolinguistic and translation analysis were used to analyse specific examples of phonographic stylisation and their translations into the Russian language. The novels by Charles Dickens and John Galsworthy were used to carry out the research.Results and discussion. When translating the speech of upper class representatives into the Russian language, phonographic means can be rendered only in those cases when they perform a parody function. Otherwise, phonographic means are not conveyed but might be substituted or compensated by lexical and syntactical means, which can be considered a natural consequence because of the difference in the traditions of representing the speech of aristocrats in English and Russian literary traditions.Conclusion. Phonographic means and phonographic stylisation are the most important component of the artistic representation of character’s speech in general, and the speech of upper class representatives in particular. Consequently, this phenomenon is a multifaceted linguistic problem in the theory of translation. This study outlines the main directions of analysis of phonographic stylisation while rendering the speech of aristocrats, but this problem is far from being solved. Other cases of using phonographic stylisation may be the subject of further research into contrasting and translation aspects.
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Wiyatasari, Reny. "TEKNIK PENERJEMAHAN TINDAK TUTUR DIREKTIF DALAM CERPEN DOKTOR SIHIR KARYA IWAYA SAZANAMI DAN LARILAH MELOS KARYA DAZAI OSAMU." IZUMI 4, no. 2 (March 17, 2016): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/izumi.4.2.42-55.
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This paper aims to identify the technique translation of directive speech act that used in two Japanese stories of Mahou Hakushi by Iwaya Sazanami and Hashire Merosu by Dazai Osamu. Those stories are two translation works of Japanese literature in the book of Antologi Kesusastraan Anak Jepang (Nihon Jidou bungaku Senshuu). This book contains children’s literature that translated from Japanese to Indonesian by Antonius Pujo. Those two stories selected because there are many speech act in that, and the directive is considered as most interesting speech act than the other ones. This paper used descriptive qualitative method. The total number of the collected data are 50. The result show there are seven types of translation technique with total usage frequency 72 times. Those techniques are as follow : amplification 18 times, linguistic amplification 16 times, estabilsh equivalent 15 times, literal translation 11 times, reduction 5 times, modulation 5 times, transposition 2 times.
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Sun, Haozhi, Jianzhe Qin, and Yashi Li. "Exploring Pedagogical Approach in EFL Courses Based on Bilingual Parallel Corpus." Communications in Humanities Research 3, no. 1 (May 17, 2023): 779–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/3/20220638.
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This paper is to examine the feasibility of bilingual parallel corpus as a data-driven approach targeting to comprehensively enhance English competence of EFL (English as a foreign language) learners. In particular, corpus turns out to be functional of assisting EFL learners in acquiring high-frequency words and the collocation and colligation, indicating that corpus can be considered to be optional in pedagogy, as well. Bilingual parallel corpus, more importantly, provides learners with an ideal tool to focus on the translation techniques based on the function of comparing the same words or similar conceptions in corpora of two languages, providing authentic texts to expound translation theories, terminologies and techniques. In addition, corpus implies the use of improving learners comprehension of original texts, further the reading proficiency. It also helps to extend the scope of reading based on the large quantity of authentic materials.
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Stikhina, Irina Alexandrovna. "UPDATING THE PARADIGM OF CORRESPONDENCES TO GERMAN COMPOUND WORDS IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE." Russian Journal of Multilingualism and Education 14 (December 28, 2022): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2500-0748-2022-14-58-68.
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In Russian linguistics, there is a categorisation of equivalents to German compound words in Russian. The article discusses the features of the existing approach and suggests refinements based on the conducted analysis. The relevance of the article lies in the fact that it complements the existing criteria and expands the ideas concerning possible correspondences to German compound 66 words in Russian, which is a contribution both to the study of compound words in German, and to the comparative study of German and Russian languages, in general. Compound words in the German language as a specific phenomenon in the word formation of this language present the object of the study, and its subject is the categorisation of correspondences between compound nouns in German and their equivalents in Russian. The method of comparison includes correlating German compound nouns with their equivalents in Russian, identifying the frequency of using certain models when translating German compound nouns into Russian on the basis of an excerpt from the original text and its translation. The purpose of the article is to systematise the correspondences of German compound nouns in Russian on the example of a certain literary text. The author’s task is to update the categorisation of correspondences for compound nouns in German and their equivalents in Russian, suggested in previous studies, in the process of identifying the predominant type of correspondences on a specific literary material. The following methods were used: a continuous sampling method, the component analysis, a descriptive method, a comparative analysis of the original and translation, and the method of quantitative analysis. The study combines the comparative (proper linguistic) aspect and the translational one. The main models of correspondences to German compound nouns in Russian found confirmation within the analysed material, while the author suggested some additions, which present the novelty of the research. The following results were noted: in terms of frequency the model of “an adjective plus a noun” takes the first place among correspondences to German compound nouns in Russian; the second place is taken by root and derivative words of the Russian language; the third place occupies a group of translation transformations, supplemented by the author; the fourth place is taken by a model of “a noun plus another noun in the genitive case”; the fifth place goes to prepositional word combinations. Two small groups - compound nouns of the Russian language and set expressions - are added by the author. In the identified group of transformations, the use of various translation techniques is noted, for example: adding and omitting lexical units, replacing parts of speech, generalisation, concretisation, semantic development, holistic transformation, replacement of one syntactic construction with another.
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Halim, Indira Wijayanti, Abdul Asib, and Sujoko Sujoko. "An Error Analysis on the Use of Past Tense in Narrative Text Translation of SMA Students." English Education 5, no. 1 (September 29, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/eed.v5i1.36153.
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<p>This article describes the errors that students committed on the use of<strong> </strong>past tense in narrative text translation. The purpose is to reveal the common errors in using past tense in narrative translation made by the eleventh grade students at one of state senior high school in Surakarta. In this research, the researcher used descriptive method. The study focused on the difficulty in using past tense in narrative text translation. The techniques of collecting the data used in this research are using test and questionnaire. The qualitative data were analyzed by identifying the data of errors, describing the errors and classifying into the types of errors, explaining the errors based on the error sources, and evaluating the errors. Based on the result of the research, the total error is 465 errors. First, the errors based on the indicators are: error on the use of V2, error of time marker, error of modal auxiliaries, and error of helping verb. The highest frequency of error is error on the use of V2 (390/ 83.87%). Then the lowest frequency of error is error of time marker (1/ 0.22%). Second, the errors based on the causes of errors are omission (absence of an item that must appear in a well-formed utterance), addition (characterized the presence of an item, which must not appear in a well-formed utterance), and overgeneralization (the learner creates a deviant structure on the basis of other structures).The highest frequency of error is omission (104/ 56.52%), and the lowest frequency of error is addition (36/ 19.57%).</p>
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Ilango, S. Sudhakar, and V. Seenivasagam. "Wavelet Based Image Compression Using Soft Computing Techniques." Applied Mechanics and Materials 573 (June 2014): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.573.477.
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The Wavelet Transform is a multi-resolution transform, that is, it allows a form of time–frequency analysis (or translation–scale in wavelet speak). When using the Fourier transform the result is a very precise analysis of the frequencies contained in the signal, but no information on when those frequencies occurred. The wavelet based image compression algorithms are used widely compared with other conventional compression algorithms. The wavelet coding based on the coefficient selection and sub band level. In this paper we have used two wavelets such as spherical and geometric wavelets. The spherical representation is a hierarchical description of how total energy gets distributed within each wavelet sub band.In the proposed method, we used fuzzy quantization technique for coefficient selection in the spherical wavelet. The other scheme introduces binary space partitioning scheme and geometric wavelet, where the existing pruning method of binary space partitioning is replaced by the genetic algorithm. We had another experiment with geometric wavelet with Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm. The experimental results for all the three methods are discussed in this paper. The advantages of these methods are the improved PSNR values at high and medium bit rates.
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Tseregorodtseva, Polina S., Kirill E. Buiankin, Boris P. Yakimov, Armais A. Kamalov, Gleb S. Budylin, and Evgeny A. Shirshin. "Single-Fiber Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy and Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging in Surgery Guidance: A Study on Optical Phantoms." Materials 14, no. 24 (December 7, 2021): 7502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14247502.
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Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and imaging are increasingly being used in surgical guidance for tumor margin detection during endoscopic operations. However, the accuracy of the boundary detection with optical techniques may depend on the acquisition parameters, and its evaluation is in high demand. In this work, using optical phantoms with homogeneous and heterogeneous distribution of chromophores mimicking normal and pathological bladder tissues, the accuracy of tumor margin detection using single-fiber diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and spatial frequency domain imaging was evaluated. We also showed how the diffuse reflectance response obtained at different spatial frequencies with the spatial frequency domain imaging technique could be used not only to quantitatively map absorption and scattering coefficients of normal tissues and tumor-like heterogeneities but also to estimate the tumor depth localization. The demonstrated results could be helpful for proper analysis of the DRS data measured in vivo and for translation of optical techniques for tumor margin detection to clinics.
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Rader, A. A., C. M. Oman, and D. M. Merfeld. "Motion Perception During Variable-Radius Swing Motion in Darkness." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 4 (October 2009): 2232–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00116.2009.
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Using a variable-radius roll swing motion paradigm, we examined the influence of interaural ( y-axis) and dorsoventral ( z-axis) force modulation on perceived tilt and translation by measuring perception of horizontal translation, roll tilt, and distance from center of rotation (radius) at 0.45 and 0.8 Hz using standard magnitude estimation techniques (primarily verbal reports) in darkness. Results show that motion perception was significantly influenced by both y- and z-axis forces. During constant radius trials, subjects' perceptions of tilt and translation were generally almost veridical. By selectively pairing radius (1.22 and 0.38 m) and frequency (0.45 and 0.8 Hz, respectively), the y-axis acceleration could be tailored in opposition to gravity so that the combined y-axis gravitoinertial force (GIF) variation at the subject's ears was reduced to ∼0.035 m/s2 – in effect, the y-axis GIF was “nulled” below putative perceptual threshold levels. With y-axis force nulling, subjects overestimated their tilt angle and underestimated their horizontal translation and radius. For some y-axis nulling trials, a radial linear acceleration at twice the tilt frequency (0.25 m/s2 at 0.9 Hz, 0.13 m/s2 at 1.6 Hz) was simultaneously applied to reduce the z-axis force variations caused by centripetal acceleration and by changes in the z-axis component of gravity during tilt. For other trials, the phase of this radial linear acceleration was altered to double the magnitude of the z-axis force variations. z-axis force nulling further increased the perceived tilt angle and further decreased perceived horizontal translation and radius relative to the y-axis nulling trials, while z-axis force doubling had the opposite effect. Subject reports were remarkably geometrically consistent; an observer model-based analysis suggests that perception was influenced by knowledge of swing geometry.
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Franzoni, Valentina. "Cross-domain synergy: Leveraging image processing techniques for enhanced sound classification through spectrogram analysis using CNNs." Journal of Autonomous Intelligence 6, no. 3 (August 28, 2023): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/jai.v6i3.678.
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<p>In this paper, the innovative approach to sound classification by exploiting the potential of image processing techniques applied to spectrogram representations of audio signals is reviewed. This study shows the effectiveness of incorporating well-established image processing methodologies, such as filtering, segmentation, and pattern recognition, to enhance the feature extraction and classification performance of audio signals when transformed into spectrograms. An overview is provided of the mathematical methods shared by both image and spectrogram-based audio processing, focusing on the commonalities between the two domains in terms of the underlying principles, techniques, and algorithms. The proposed methodology leverages in particular the power of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to extract and classify time-frequency features from spectrograms, capitalizing on the advantages of their hierarchical feature learning and robustness to translation and scale variations. Other deep-learning networks and advanced techniques are suggested during the analysis. We discuss the benefits and limitations of transforming audio signals into spectrograms, including human interpretability, compatibility with image processing techniques, and flexibility in time-frequency resolution. By bridging the gap between image processing and audio processing, spectrogram-based audio deep learning gives a deeper perspective on sound classification, offering fundamental insights that serve as a foundation for interdisciplinary research and applications in both domains.</p>
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Xiu, Yang, Xinyi Zheng, Linlin Sun, and Zhuohao Fang. "FreMix: Frequency-Based Mixup for Data Augmentation." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (April 14, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5323327.
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Deep learning models have attracted tremendous attention in computer vision in recent years, while most of them heavily rely on massive data for training. As one of the solutions to the sparse data problem, data augmentation techniques, such as image translation and rotation, can substantially increase the model’s generalization ability and performance. However, on one hand, these approaches primarily work under the pixel domain, which is limited to fully mining and fusing picture data from the frequency viewpoint. On the other hand, the fusion weighting factors are primarily modified in a manual fashion, which increases the application costs in practice. To this end, we propose a novel method termed as frequency-based Mixup (FreMix) that allows images to be fused in the frequency domain and to improve the efficiency of data augmentation by adaptively adjusting the weighting coefficients in this paper. In FreMix, first, a fast Fourier transformation (FFT) is performed on the input image, such that the frequency information rather than raw pixel information can be extracted for further augmentation. Besides, an exploration-exploitation training paradigm is exploited, such that the FreMix can be trained periodically to facilitate learning and avoid manually hyperparameter settings. We conduct comparing experiments on three benchmark datasets including CIFAR, ImageNet, and ILSVRC2015, and the experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Kiessling, Michael K. H. "The unbounded two-dimensional guiding-centre plasma." Journal of Plasma Physics 54, no. 1 (August 1995): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800018328.
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The thermal mean-field equilibrium of a translation-invariant, unbounded one- component guiding-centre plasma is studied by analytical techniques. A variational principle is constructed. It is shown that only radial symmetric, decreasing density profiles occur. Prescribing the total number of gyro centres N ∈ (0, ∞), the energy E ∈ (E0, ∞) and the canonical angular momentum M ∈ (0, ∞]) uniquely determines a profile. Metastable or unstable profiles do not exist. A simple algebraic relation between N, M, the guiding-centre temperature β−1 and the characteristic Larmor frequency ω is derived. This explains Williamson's computer-based observations.
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Pilling, Michael J., Alex Henderson, Benjamin Bird, Mick D. Brown, Noel W. Clarke, and Peter Gardner. "High-throughput quantum cascade laser (QCL) spectral histopathology: a practical approach towards clinical translation." Faraday Discussions 187 (2016): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fd00176e.
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Infrared microscopy has become one of the key techniques in the biomedical research field for interrogating tissue. In partnership with multivariate analysis and machine learning techniques, it has become widely accepted as a method that can distinguish between normal and cancerous tissue with both high sensitivity and high specificity. While spectral histopathology (SHP) is highly promising for improved clinical diagnosis, several practical barriers currently exist, which need to be addressed before successful implementation in the clinic. Sample throughput and speed of acquisition are key barriers and have been driven by the high volume of samples awaiting histopathological examination. FTIR chemical imaging utilising FPA technology is currently state-of-the-art for infrared chemical imaging, and recent advances in its technology have dramatically reduced acquisition times. Despite this, infrared microscopy measurements on a tissue microarray (TMA), often encompassing several million spectra, takes several hours to acquire. The problem lies with the vast quantities of data that FTIR collects; each pixel in a chemical image is derived from a full infrared spectrum, itself composed of thousands of individual data points. Furthermore, data management is quickly becoming a barrier to clinical translation and poses the question of how to store these incessantly growing data sets. Recently, doubts have been raised as to whether the full spectral range is actually required for accurate disease diagnosis using SHP. These studies suggest that once spectral biomarkers have been predetermined it may be possible to diagnose disease based on a limited number of discrete spectral features. In this current study, we explore the possibility of utilising discrete frequency chemical imaging for acquiring high-throughput, high-resolution chemical images. Utilising a quantum cascade laser imaging microscope with discrete frequency collection at key diagnostic wavelengths, we demonstrate that we can diagnose prostate cancer with high sensitivity and specificity. Finally we extend the study to a large patient dataset utilising tissue microarrays, and show that high sensitivity and specificity can be achieved using high-throughput, rapid data collection, thereby paving the way for practical implementation in the clinic.
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Reser, David, Margaret Simmons, Esther Johns, Andrew Ghaly, Michelle Quayle, Aimee L. Dordevic, Marianne Tare, Adelle McArdle, Julie Willems, and Tyson Yunkaporta. "Australian Aboriginal techniques for memorization: Translation into a medical and allied health education setting." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): e0251710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251710.
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Background Writing and digital storage have largely replaced organic memory for encoding and retrieval of information in the modern era, with a corresponding decrease in emphasis on memorization in Western education. In health professional training, however, there remains a large corpus of information for which memorization is the most efficient means of ensuring: A) that the trainee has the required information readily available; and B) that a foundation of knowledge is laid, upon which the medical trainee builds multiple, complex layers of detailed information during advanced training. The carefully staged progression in early- to late- years’ medical training from broad concepts (e.g. gross anatomy and pharmacology) to in-depth, specialised disciplinary knowledge (e.g. surgical interventions and follow-on care post-operatively) has clear parallels to the progression of training and knowledge exposure that Australian Aboriginal youths undergo in their progression from childhood to adulthood to Tribal Elders. Methods As part of the Rural Health curriculum and the undergraduate Nutrition and Dietetics program in the Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, we tested Australian Aboriginal techniques of memorization for acquisition and recall of novel word lists by first-year medical students (N = 76). We also examined undergraduate student evaluations (N = 49) of the use of the Australian Aboriginal memory technique for classroom study of foundational biomedical knowledge (the tricarboxylic acid cycle) using qualitative and quantitative analytic methods drawing from Bloom’s taxonomy for orders of thinking and learning. Acquisition and recall of word lists were assessed without memory training, or after training in either the memory palace technique or the Australian Aboriginal narrative technique. Results Both types of memory training improved the number of correctly recalled items and reduced the frequency of specific error types relative to untrained performance. The Australian Aboriginal method resulted in approximately a 3-fold greater probability of improvement to accurate recall of the entire word list (odds ratio = 2.82; 95% c.i. = 1.15–6.90), vs. the memory palace technique (odds ratio = 2.03; 95% c.i. = 0.81–5.06) or no training (odds ratio = 1.5; 95% c.i. = 0.54–4.59) among students who did not correctly recall all list items at baseline. Student responses to learning the Australian Aboriginal memory technique in the context of biomedical science education were overwhelmingly favourable, and students found both the training and the technique enjoyable, interesting, and more useful than rote memorization. Our data indicate that this method has genuine utility and efficacy for study of biomedical sciences and in the foundation years of medical training.
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Darmawan, D., D. Yatimah, K. Sasmita, and R. Syah. "Analysis of Non-Formal Education Tutor Capabilities in Exploring Assessment for Science Learning." Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v9i2.24025.
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This study aims to explore cognitive assessment techniques based on teaching experience. The method in this study uses a descriptive survey with data collection techniques using purposive sampling of tutors who have taught at PKBM for 5 years. The population in this study were PKBM (Pusat Kegiatan Masyarakat or Community Learning Center) tutors in Jakarta at Package A, Package B, and Package C, namely 158 tutors with details as follows; Package A 45 tutors, Package B 53 Tutors, and Package C 60 tutors. Data collection was done by using question forms and data analysis used descriptive translation to obtain an average frequency of learning assessment techniques. The statistical analysis used Confirmatory Factor Analysis, so that it can be seen directly and indirectly. The results showed that the dominant assessment technique used in non-formal science tutors was a written test that averaged 32 times in one semester. A group of tutors with 5 to 10 years of teaching experience using a variety of assessment techniques. Descriptively, it can be said that the use of the frequency spectrum of cognitive assessment techniques is coupled with experienced tutors with a tendency in written tests. In this study, the results show that the preparation of assessment in non-formal education there is an influence between the preparation of the assessment of the implementation of the assessment. So it is necessary to improve tutor assessment preparation.
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M, Abhinaya, and A. Umamakeswari. "A Robust Image Watermarking Method based on Contourlet Transform for Correcting Geometric Attacks." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.24 (April 25, 2018): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.24.11992.
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A watermarking technique is proposed using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) techniques to implement information hiding. Embedding can be done by dividing the host image into four rectangular segments which are non-overlapping called sub-images using hybrid scheme. Redundancy reduces cropping attack. The main aim is to reduce the effect of geometric bouts, such as rotation, translation, and affine translation using synchronization technique. Watermarks can be a binary random sequence of different lengths. Data replication and hamming code are two error modification methods utilized in the proposed scheme. Achieved results show comparable robustness against geometric attacks and signal processing. Contourlet transform can be used to improve the visual feature of the image. After embedding the image or data, contourlet transform is applied in the frequency domain to improve robustness. The optimal mapping function is obtained using contourlet transform which increases Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and hiding capacity with low distortion.
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Ratcliffe, M. J., and N. A. J. Lieven. "Measuring Rotational Degrees of Freedom Using a Laser Doppler Vibrometer." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 122, no. 1 (May 1, 1997): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.568432.
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Many model updating and dynamic coupling techniques require the response of a structure to be defined at all degrees of freedom. Standard experimental techniques do not routinely allow the measurement of rotational DoFs. Also time constraints do not permit measurement over a dense grid. A laser system has been developed which enables rotations to be extracted by a simple plane-fitting technique, which is described in this paper. A finite element model-based parametric study is presented, which has shown that the performance of the technique is dependent on the amount of corruption present on translation data. A semi-empirical technique is developed, using second derivatives to exacerbate temporarily the noise corruption, which quantifies accurately the equivalent Gaussian noise on the response data. An experimental study is also presented which shows the considerable promise of these procedures. Finally, a brief description of a model updating case study is presented for illustrative purposes. Terminology: In order to avoid a verbose sentence construction, the coordinate at which it is desired to measure the rotational frequency response functions (FRFs) is hereafter referred to as the rotation point. In addition, the distance between the measured translation FRFs and the rotation point is referred to as the measurement radius. [S0739-3717(00)00401-3]
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Cheng, Chunfu, Zehao Chen, Yiwen Ou, and Jiaxuan Chen. "Multipoint Fiber Loop Ringdown Sensors for Large Strain Measurement Using Frequency-Shifted Interferometry." Sensors 19, no. 13 (July 1, 2019): 2907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19132907.
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A novel multipoint fiber loop ringdown (FLRD) strain sensing system using frequency-shifted interferometry (FSI) is proposed and experimentally validated. Compared to conventional multipoint FLRD techniques, this scheme measures the decay rate of the continuous wave (CW) light in the space domain and thus greatly reduces the cost without the requirement of expensive devices. A serial dual-point strain sensing system was experimentally constructed and a biconical tapered multimode fiber (MMF) as the sensor head was used for obtaining the large measuring range. By applying different strains on the sensor heads through translation stages, a linear response between strain and additional loss induced by strain sensor was obtained, and the static strain sensitivities of 0.13676 dB/mε and 0.19665 dB/mε were achieved, corresponding to the detection limit of 0.0123 dB and 0.0360 dB, respectively. Moreover, a large measuring range of approximately 6 mε was achieved for both strain sensors. The experimental results indicate that our proposed method offers a promising multipoint strain sensor which has the advantages of low cost, a simple sensing structure and a large measuring range.
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Rubets, Maria Vladimirovna. "Specificities of translation of some terms of the Russian religious philosophy of the XXI century into Chinese language." Философская мысль, no. 10 (October 2020): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8728.2020.10.33977.
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This article reviews the translation of some terms of the Russian religious philosophy of the XXI century into Chinese language. The goal consists in determination of the fundamental principles used by the Chinese translators in compiling the borrowed terminology in the indicated field. The article explores the Chinese analogues of some terms of the Russian religious philosophy. Special attention is turned to the terms of God and soul. Analysis is conducted on the translated texts of the lectures of S. S. Khoruzhiy “Synergistic Anthropology and Russian Philosophy" on the subject of the frequency of using 神 и 上帝as Chinese analogues of the term of God. An important role in the research is played by the interview with the researcher and translator of theRussian religious philosophy Professor Zhang Baichun on translation of the terms of God, soul, etc. into Chinese languahe, as well nuances of application of Chinese analogues of isolated terms from the perspective of the native Chinese speaker. It is demonstrated that Chinese analogues of the terms of God and soul in religious texts do not fully coincide with such in the philosophical texts. Namely, the Orthodox translators recommend the use上帝for nomination of God, while Chinese translators of the Russian religious philosophy allow using both versions depending on personal preferences and linguistic habits. For the translators of philosophical texts, the equivalent versions of the terms soul in the Glossary of Orthodox Terminology 灵魂 и 心灵 are divided into religious and secular analogues. The article also indicates other terms of Russian philosophy, which are translated using the techniques of transcription, calquing, and semantic translation.
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Raiman, Marcin. "Brazylijskie nazwy miejscowe i ich adaptacje w języku Polonii brazylijskiej (na podstawie opublikowanych w 1930 roku numerów „Gazety Polskiej w Brazylii” i „Ludu”)." Słowo. Studia językoznawcze 11 (2020): 128–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/slowo.2020.11.8.
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The aim of this paper is to present the names of brazilian localities and different types of adaptation used by the members of the Polish community in Brazil in two Polish-language newspapers published in Curitiba: „Gazeta Polska w Brazylii” and „Lud”. The study focuses on the names found in the issues published in 1930 and shows that 87% of the gathered material is used in its original form. The remaining material consists of adapted names that are divided according to various adaptation techniques, among them translation. The author describes the frequency of the analyzed adaptations and provides comments on their use in different types of texts and by different authors.
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Poling, Gayla L., Brittany Vlosich, and Laura E. Dreisbach. "Emerging Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission Techniques to Identify Preclinical Warning Signs of Basal Cochlear Dysfunction Due to Ototoxicity." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (August 2, 2019): 3132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153132.
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Hundreds of medications commonly prescribed for anticancer treatments and some infections are known to cause hearing damage, referred to as ototoxicity. Preventing or minimizing ototoxicity is critical in order to preserve quality of life for patients receiving treatment and to reduce the societal burden of hearing loss. Current clinical evaluations are restricted to a limited frequency range (≤8 kHz); however, this approach does not permit the earliest detection of ototoxicity, most likely to be observed at the highest frequencies (9–20 kHz). Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) offer a noninvasive, objective approach to monitor cochlear health in those unable to respond via conventional methods. The current report analyzes different DPOAE paradigms used in patients undergoing chemotherapy treatments with various platinum derivatives. Individualized serial monitoring protocols were completed at the highest frequencies with measurable DPOAEs. This allowed the exploration of potential clinical translation opportunities for further quantification of the earliest signs of underlying cochlear damage, which may go undetected with conventional methods. Clinical practice has the potential to be enhanced by emerging DPOAE applications, including targeted monitoring protocols and high-frequency stimuli to assess cochlear function, especially at the highest frequencies, and advanced calibration techniques to ensure the stability of serial measurements.
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Menakadevi, T., J. Arivudainambi, and M. Sulochana. "Multi-Resolution Transforms Based Robust Image Enhancement for High Frequency Colour Images." Advanced Materials Research 933 (May 2014): 762–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.933.762.
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An Image Resolution Enhancement Technique based on Interpolation of the high frequency sub-band of colour images obtained by Discrete Wavelet Transform and the input colour image is proposed in this paper. Interpolation determines the intermediate values on the basis of observed values. One of the commonly used interpolation technique is Bicubic Interpolation. The edges are enhanced by introducing an intermediate stage by using Stationary Wavelet Transform. It is designed to overcome the lack of Translation-Invariance of Discrete Wavelet Transform. This is widely used in Signal Denoising and Pattern Recognition. Discrete Wavelet Transform is applied in order to decompose an input colour image into different sub-bands. Then the high frequency sub-bands as well as the input colour image are interpolated separately. The interpolated high frequency sub-bands and the Stationary Wavelet Transform high frequency sub-bands have the same size which means they can be added with each other. The new corrected high frequency sub-bands can be interpolated further for higher enlargement. Then all these sub-bands are combined with interpolated input image for new high resolution image by using Inverse Discrete Wavelet Transform. This has been done by MATLAB. The Peak Signal-Noise Ratio was obtained upto 5dB greater than the conventional and state-of-art image resolution enhancement techniques.
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Alharbi, Bader. "Self-Reported Writing Difficulties of Saudi English Majors at Qassim University College of Sciences and Arts: A Survey and Analysis." Journal of English Language and Literature 9, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 806–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/jell.v9i2.355.
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This study explored students' own perspectives on their writing challenges. A mixed methods research design combining a quantitative questionnaire with a series of semi-structured qualitative interviews was used. Therefore, the triangulation of data collection techniques was applied in this research. The study was conducted in the Department of English and Translation at Qassim University. 55 students filled 32 items questionnaire and ten were selected for the interview. For the questionnaire data, the descriptive statistics for ordinal Likert-type data include frequency, median, and mode were used. For the qualitative data analysis, the thematic coding was used for analyzing the interview. The obtained results showed that there are different types of writing problems among English language and translation major students at Qassim University. Findings suggest that some difficulties and perspectives are broadly shared by Saudi English students, e.g. struggles with irregularity and the non-phonemic nature of English. Other difficulties tend to evolve as students proceed in their studies. The lack of research into Saudi perspectives on English writing difficulties is emphasized, and further scholarly attention is strongly advised.
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Bakumenko, Olga N. "Names of colour in V.Nabokov’s bilingual worldview (based on the original and self-translated texts of the novel Lolita)." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 20, no. 1 (2023): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2023.101.
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The article is devoted to the current problem of studying bilingual authors’ idiolects in colour aspect. This research aims to identify the features of Vladimir Nabokov’s lingua-colour worldview associated with the use of English and Russian in self-translation. Lists of colouremes of the original and translated Lolita are made; their part-of-speech facet is analyzed; dominant coloronyms are identified and compared; structural peculiarities of the selected colours in both lists are studied. The novelty of the work lies in the creation of English and Russian lexicons and frequency dictionaries of representatives of Nabokov’s color worldview, which gives objective data about the linguistic personality basing on idiolect. Along with quantitative method, the work uses the method of systematic scientific description, via which the multidimensional systematization of empirical material is conducted and the comparative method implemented in observation, comparison and interpretation techniques for the received language data. The article notes both common and specific features in the two color lexicons. With a comparable number of English and Russian colouremes, the translation language is more coloristic. Part-of-speech differences of colours are noted. In complete lists chromatic designations predominate, they are more frequent in Russian. Among the dominants achromatic colors outweigh, English achromatisms prevail. Numerous hapaxes and complex coloremes, rarely equivalent, contribute to the palette diversity. The main causes of inconsistencies are identified. The author comes to the conclusion that the ways of lexicalizing the color perceptions of the bilingual writer-translator are modified when switching to the target language that indicates differences in Nabokov’s worldview.
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Fkih, Fethi, and Mohamed Nazih Omri. "Information Retrieval from Unstructured Web Text Document Based on Automatic Learning of the Threshold." International Journal of Information Retrieval Research 2, no. 4 (October 2012): 12–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijirr.2012100102.
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Collocation is defined as a sequence of lexical tokens which habitually co-occur. This type of information is widely used in various applications such as Information Retrieval, document indexing, machine translation, lexicography, etc. Therefore, many techniques are developed for the automatic retrieval of collocations from textual documents. These techniques use statistical measures based on a joint frequency calculation to quantify the connection strength between the tokens of a candidate collocation. The discrimination between relevant and irrelevant collocations is performed using a priori fixed threshold. Generally, the discrimination threshold estimation is performed manually by a domain expert. This supervised estimation is considered as an additional cost which reduces system performance. In this paper, the authors propose a new technique for the threshold automatic learning to retrieve information from web text document. This technique is mainly based on the usual performance evaluation measures (such as ROC and Precision-Recall curves). The results show the ability to automatically estimate a statistical threshold independently of the treated corpus.
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Gurrera, R. "Sex and age factors in neuroleptic malignant syndrome diagnosis frequency." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S753—S754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1406.
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IntroductionIt is not known whether sex and age are risk factors for neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS).ObjectivesTo examine sex and age distributions in NMS patients based on a systematic review of the literature.AimsEstimate the sex-specific relative risk of an NMS diagnosis.MethodsEMBASE and PubMed databases were searched in November 2014 using broad, unrestricted criteria to identify any published observation of NMS. Any physically (online or hard copy) accessible and interpretable (using language translation software) report published from January 1, 1998 through November 1, 2014 was considered for inclusion. Secondary sources (e.g., reviews) were included when primary sources could not be accessed. All cases for which the patient's sex or the sample's sex distribution was provided were included, except for redundant reports and cases in which NMS was not the most likely clinical diagnosis. Sex ratio and age distributions were examined using standard graphical techniques and measures of association.ResultsTwenty-eight independent NMS sex ratio estimates were included. Most sex ratio estimates (75%) indicated male preponderance, with a median of 1.47 (95% CI: 1.20–1.80). NMS incidence peaked at age 20–25 years and declined steadily thereafter; males consistently outnumbered females at all age intervals. Major study limitations are the heterogeneity of case ascertainment procedures and the potential for publication bias.ConclusionsNMS patients are 50% more likely to be males, and NMS is most likely to occur in young adulthood. Men, and all young adults, appear to be at increased risk for NMS.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.