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1

Ramaswamy, Ramkumar. On the characteristic frequency of a filter. Norwich, N.Y.]: Knovel, 2011.

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2

Chakraborty, D. R. Estimation of nonlinear heat and momentum transfer in the frequency domain by the use of frequency co-spectra and cross-bispectra. Pune: Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, 2002.

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3

Zhang, H. Analysing the transfer functions of nonlinear systems in the frequency domain. Sheffield: University of Sheffield, Dept. of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, 1992.

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4

Miller, R. L. Dynamic modelling of an electromechanical valve using frequency response data. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1986.

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5

Q, Pan J., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Frequency analysis via the method of moment functionals. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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6

Pinelli, Thomas E. NASA/DoD aerospace knowledge diffusion research project: summary report to phase 3 faculty and student respondents including frequency distributions. Hampton, VA: Langley Research Center, 1991.

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7

S, Melis Theodore, United States. Bureau of Reclamation., and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Magnitude and frequency data for historic debris flows in Grand Canyon National Park and vicinity, Arizona. Tucson, Ariz: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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8

M, Wang C., and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. Calibration service of optoelectronic frequency response at 1319 nm for combined photodiode/RF power sensor transfer standards. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1999.

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9

Zink, L. R. NO?□heterodyne frequency measurements with a tunable diode laser, a CO laser transfer oscillator, and CO?□laser standards. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1987.

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10

Zink, L. R. NOb2s heterodyne frequency measurements with a tunable diode laser, a CO laser transfer oscillator, and COb2s laser standards. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1987.

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11

Center, Langley Research, ed. Comparison of thermal coefficients for two microwave detectors: Diode/voltage-to-frequency converter and flash analog-to-digital converter. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 2001.

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12

United, States Congress Senate Committee on Commerce Science and Transportation Subcommittee on Communications. Communications Transfer Fee Act of 1987: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Communications of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, second session on S. 1935 ... April 27, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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13

Schuring, J. Design and experimental verification of a calculation method for frequency response analysis of digital control systems in a continuous environment. Amsterdam: National Aerospace Laboratory, 1985.

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14

Karl, Owen A., United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., and U.S. Army Research Laboratory., eds. Forced response testing of an axi-centrifugal turboshaft engine. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, 1997.

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15

Pinelli, Thomas E. NASA/DoD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project: Summary report to phase 3 academic library respondents including frequency distributions. Hampton, Va: Langley Research Center, 1991.

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16

Haukås, Åsta. Frequenz, Transfer und/oder Grammatikunterricht?: Der L2-Erwerb des deutschen hypothetischen Konditionalgefüges aus kognitiv linguistischer Sicht. Tübingen: Stauffenburg Verlag, 2011.

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17

Hughes, Sarah Jane, Stephen T. Middlebrook, and Candace M. Jones. RFIDs, near-field communications, and mobile payments: A guide for lawyers. Edited by American Bar Association. Cyberspace Task Force. Chicago, Illinois: American Bar Association, Section of Business Law, 2013.

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18

Ciappei, Cristiano, ed. Innovazione e brokeraggio tecnologico. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-983-0.

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This book is designed to furnish Italian literature with an insight into the significance and the role of knowledge transfer, and in particular of technological brokerage. The idea is that, in the present-day world, dominated by a technology and knowledge available to an increasingly large number of people, enterprises are called upon to reconfigure the concept of innovation, expanding in even geographical terms the quest for solutions that aim at creating an exchange of interdisciplinary knowledge. To respond to the need for the dissemination of knowledge, collaboration between enterprises and the use of brokers appears to be the easiest solution. This can contribute to reducing the inefficacy of the markets and hence to facilitating the technological transactions. In this context the role of the brokers is fundamental in the knowledge markets in general, and in particular in that of technology, spawned by the need for an increasingly complex brokerage of knowledge, between applicant and user. In traditional markets, in effect, transactions can be conducted directly by the enterprises and may deal with current or future technology, but there is also the possibility of indirect transactions, involving the intermediation of specialised brokers. The emergence of these brokers is due to the frequent presence of structural gaps in the real markets which do not permit the normal flow of information: in practice, it is rare for every agent in a market to be connected with all the other agents that may important for him.
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19

Terra, Osama. Ultrastable Frequency Transfer over Optical Fibers. Independently Published, 2017.

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20

Antar, Yahia M. M., Taimoor Khan, and Nasimuddin Nasimuddin. Elements for Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting and Wireless Power Transfer Applications. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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21

Nasimuddin, Taimoor Khan, and Yahia M. M. Antar. Elements of Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting and Wireless Power Transfer Systems. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429283918.

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22

Elements for Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting and Wireless Power Transfer Applications. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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23

Antar, Yahia M. M., Taimoor Khan, and Nasimuddin Nasimuddin. Elements of Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting and Wireless Power Transfer Systems. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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24

Antar, Yahia M. M., Taimoor Khan, and Nasimuddin Nasimuddin. Elements for Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting and Wireless Power Transfer Applications. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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25

Antar, Yahia M. M., Taimoor Khan, and Nasimuddin Nasimuddin. Elements for Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting and Wireless Power Transfer Applications. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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26

The Frequency Response, Impulse Response, and Transfer Function of an Ocean Waveguide. Storming Media, 2004.

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27

US GOVERNMENT, Senate, United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Congress, Science, and Transportation . Subcommittee on Communications , and Subcommittee on Communications. Communications Transfer Fee Act of 1987: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on ... U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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28

Track structure model for radial distributions of electron spectra and event spectra from high-energy ions. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1998.

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29

Ellis, Nick. Construction Grammar and Second Language Acquisition. Edited by Thomas Hoffmann and Graeme Trousdale. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195396683.013.0020.

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This chapter analyzes second language acquisition in the context of Construction Grammar. It provides evidence for the psychological reality of constructions in a second language and presents a psychological analysis of the effects of form, function, frequency, and contingency that are common to both first and second language construction learning following statistical learning processes which relate input and learner cognition. The chapter also considers crosslinguistic transfer effects and possible future directions for research into constructional approaches to second language acquisition.
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30

Eidaks, Jānis. RF Powering of Autonomous Wireless Sensor Network Nodes. RTU Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/9789934227868.

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The Thesis is dedicated to the experimental study of RF powering of autonomous wireless sensor network nodes. The impact of powering signal properties on the RF-DC conversion efficiency and wireless power transfer performance is investigated. The impact of average input power level, peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) level, different modulation types, spectral properties of signals, numbers of sub-carriers, and bandwidth are examined. The most popular RF-DC converter topologies and off-the-shelf solutions in the sub-GHz frequency range have been studied in detail.
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31

Matsuo, M., E. Saitoh, and S. Maekawa. Spin-Mechatronics—mechanical generation of spin and spin current. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787075.003.0025.

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This chapter discusses interconversion phenomena between spin and mechanical angular momtum. In moving objects, the spin gauge fields emerge from inertial effects and produce angular momentum transfer between mechanical motion and spin. Such spin-mechanial effects are predicted by quantum theory in non-inertial frames, and confirmed by recent experiments including the resonance frequency shift in NMR, the stray field measurement of rotating metals, and the inverse spin Hall voltage generation in liquied metals. These spin-mechanical effects that arise via the spin-gauge fields open a new field of spintornics, where spin and mechanical motion couple harmoniously.
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32

Prusin, Alexander. Nation-Building and Moving People. Edited by Nicholas Doumanis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199695669.013.31.

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At the end of the Second World War, the victorious Allies and the Eastern European states initiated the greatest forced population transfer in human history. It varied in scope, duration, and intensity, and affected and disrupted the lives of millions of people. An important role in these processes was played by ‘historical places’—defined spatial dimensions where the aspirations of titular majorities and the governing polities frequently collided with target groups. This essay examines the situation in western Poland, Slovakia, and the Adriatic coast of Yugoslavia, where the post-war population transfers of minority groups served as tools for nation-building and political homogeneity.
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33

Solymar, L., D. Walsh, and R. R. A. Syms. Artificial materials or metamaterials. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829942.003.0015.

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The difference between natural and artificial materials is explained. The equivalent plasma frequency of wire media is derived. A list of metamaterial resonators is presented. The possibility of achieving negative refraction and its significance are discussed. It is shown that under certain circumstances it is possible to produce a perfect lens that could transfer evanescent waves aswell. Themulti-layer lens is shown to have advantages over the single-layer lens. The operation of a SiC lens based on the negative dielectric constant due to optical phonons is discussed. Detectors for magnetic resonance imaging, relying on the resonance of magnetoinductive waves are shown to be a potential application.
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34

Wiltshire, Caroline R. Emergence of the Unmarked in Indian Englishes with Different Substrates. Edited by Markku Filppula, Juhani Klemola, and Devyani Sharma. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199777716.013.007.

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This study uses data from Indian English as a second language, spoken by speakers of five first languages, to illustrate and evaluate the role of the emergence of the unmarked (TETU) in phonological theory. The analysis focusses on word-final consonant devoicing and cluster reduction, for which the five Indian first languages have various constraints, while Indian English is relatively unrestricted. Variation in L2 Indian Englishes results from both transfer of L1 phonotactics and the emergence of the unmarked, accounted for within Optimality Theory. The use of a learning algorithm also allows us to test the relative importance of markedness and frequency and to evaluate the relative markedness of various clusters. Thus, data from Indian Englishes provides insight into the form and function of markedness constraints, as well as the mechanisms of Second Language Acquisition (SLA).
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35

Baumann, Nicole, and Jean-Claude Turpin. Metachromatic Leukodystrophy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0052.

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Metachromatic leukodystrophy can be observed in infantile, juvenile, and adult cases. It is due to deficiency of the enzyme sulfatide sulfatase arylsulfase A. The adult form includes two types—one characterized by predominantly central nervous system motor signs (mainly pyramidal and/or cerebellar) and a peripheral neuropathy, and the other presenting with behavioral abnormalities and progressive mental deterioration. Homozygosity for the P426L mutation is very frequent in motor forms of adult MLD and heterozygosity for the I179S is very frequently found in psychiatric forms. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or bone marrow transplantation is the only presently available therapy that attempts to treat the primary central nervous system manifestation of MLD, but substantial risk is involved and long-term effects are not clear. Potential therapeutic application of hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy and intracerebral gene transfer (brain gene therapy) are explored in infantile forms of patients with MLD.
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36

Wendling, Fabrice, Marco Congendo, and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. EEG Analysis. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0044.

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This chapter addresses the analysis and quantification of electroencephalographic (EEG) and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals. Topics include characteristics of these signals and practical issues such as sampling, filtering, and artifact rejection. Basic concepts of analysis in time and frequency domains are presented, with attention to non-stationary signals focusing on time-frequency signal decomposition, analytic signal and Hilbert transform, wavelet transform, matching pursuit, blind source separation and independent component analysis, canonical correlation analysis, and empirical model decomposition. The behavior of these methods in denoising EEG signals is illustrated. Concepts of functional and effective connectivity are developed with emphasis on methods to estimate causality and phase and time delays using linear and nonlinear methods. Attention is given to Granger causality and methods inspired by this concept. A concrete example is provided to show how information processing methods can be combined in the detection and classification of transient events in EEG/MEG signals.
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37

Henry G, Burnett, and Bret Louis-Alexis. Part II Key Risks and Disputes Associated with International Mining Projects, 7 Purchase and Joint Venture Disputes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198757641.003.0007.

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This chapter discusses mineral rights and joint-venture disputes. The sale and purchase of an individual mining project will generally come down to the transfer of mineral rights. Disputes arising in connection with the transfer of mineral rights usually concern the validity and extent of the rights sold and, in particular, the conveyance of the surface rights associated with the project. Such disputes are often contractual in nature, and can be resolved through domestic or international arbitration. Joint ventures involve a relationship between two or more parties, one of which (the operator) will manage the joint venture for the benefit of its co-venturers. Disputes may arise in connection with the operations and management of the joint venture, particularly in purely contractual joint ventures. A frequent matter of contention is the definition of annual work programs and budget and their approval. Disputes may also emerge in connection with the buy-out and valuation of minority interests.
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38

Burton, Derek, and Margaret Burton. Perception and sensation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785552.003.0012.

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Major features of tetrapod sensory structures are well developed in fish which also have lateral lines, and some have electroreceptors and possibly magnetoreceptors. Receptors may be categorized according to the type of stimulus to which they respond: photoreceptors, chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, temperature receptors and nociceptors. Adaptations to aquatic habitats are described for examples from each category. Each type of receptor has the capacity to transduce (transform) its specific sensory stimulus into receptor potentials which initiate or modulate activity in sensory neurons to the brain. Although each type of receptor responds to a specific stimulus type, this is not an attribute of the nerve impulses generated, recognition of stimulus type depending on the area of the brain receiving the neural input. However, variations in stimulus intensity are recognized as change in input impulse frequency.
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39

Rantanen, Jorma H. A Global Perspective on Occupational Health and Safety. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190662677.003.0040.

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Occupational hazards as well as occupational injuries and diseases are frequent and serious problems not only in industrialized high-income countries, but also in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In high-income countries, the occurrence of occupational injuries and chemically-related disorders has decreased while psychosocial problems and issues for disabled, aging, and other vulnerable workers have increased. In the LMICs, “traditional” occupational hazards and related injuries and diseases are still a major concern. Globalization, while providing some benefits to workers, has presented many negative effects, such as transfer of hazardous technologies and substances to LMICs, widening of income gaps, and worsening of working conditions and worker income, especially for agricultural workers, those with little education, and informal workers. The chapter provides a global overview of work and workers as well occupational health and safety hazards and related challenges.
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40

Raghavan, Pallavi. Establishing the Ministry of External Affairs. Edited by David M. Malone, C. Raja Mohan, and Srinath Raghavan. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743538.013.6.

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This chapter argues that the decision to retain the institutional wisdom of the old External Affairs Department, as well as its predecessors, was taken quite deliberately, with a clear understanding of the problems this posed, as well as the advantages. The author argues that the arguments for retaining this structure were often advanced most persuasively by those who had the highest stakes in its continuance: bureaucrats and officials of the Indian Civil Service. These institutional memories continued to shape the foundational assumptions about both the conduct, as well as content, of Indian foreign policy, well after the transfer of power. Finally, it is argued, it is important to differentiate the various strands of political thought that went into constituting the often monolithically understood ‘Nehruvian foreign policy’: this was constructed by a variety of officials, politicians, and political lobbies who frequently differed with Nehru on the best approach to India’s foreign policy.
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41

Ossowski, Rolando, and Håvard Halland. The Economics of Sovereign Wealth Funds. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803720.003.0018.

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Many countries have set up sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) as vehicles for public saving and wealth management. The majority are in resource-exporting countries; frequently stated objectives are macroeconomic and fiscal stabilization, intertemporal transfer of wealth, and national development. Some resource funds hold assets equivalent to several multiples of GDP, but many funds are relatively small. The evidence shows that the design and operation of an SWF can help or encumber economic management and wealth preservation. Poorly designed stabilization and saving funds without operational flexibility can be costly and interfere with wealth objectives. Many SWFs conduct domestic operations; this creates opportunities but also potentially serious risks to public wealth that must be addressed. Strong SWF governance and transparency are key to achieving sustainable performance and preventing political capture and misuse of public resources. While a number of funds have made progress in these areas, in others much remains to be done.
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42

Taylor, Matthew. The Global Spread of Football. Edited by Robert Edelman and Wayne Wilson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199858910.013.8.

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This chapter offers new ways of conceptualizing the spread of association football across the world from the late nineteenth century. It rejects “diffusion,” a term that implies a unidirectional and uncomplicated journey and disregards the bumps and barriers that football faced and the twisted routes it actually took. Drawing instead on notions of cultural transfer, exchange, and circulation and using examples from Europe, Latin America, Africa, Asia, and Australasia, it argues that the spread of the game was frequently the result of a range of cross-cultural influences. Critiquing the assumed primacy of the British in existing accounts, this chapter also stresses the role of mobile individuals and groups and members of migrant or transnational communities in spreading the game. It suggests that the numerous and contorted paths along which the game traveled complicates the linear explanations of diffusion that have dominated nation-based histories.
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43

Montgomery, Erwin B. Oscillator Basics. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259600.003.0016.

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This chapter uses metaphors to help programmers picture the basic concepts of oscillators. At the least, DBS can be considered as oscillatory stimulation of the nervous system and increasingly, it is likely that the nervous system operates on the bases of neuronal and neural oscillators. Thus, a fundamental understanding of oscillators, particularly their features, is important. The defining feature of oscillatory activity is the recurrence or repetition of a phenomenon, such as the repetitive flashing of a light at a railroad crossing. This chapter uses the metaphor of a racecar circling on a racetrack that become increasing more complicated. The metaphors provide an appreciation of the features and properties of oscillators, such as amplitude, frequency, phase, period, and reasonance. The metaphors also provide an intuitive understanding of the methods used to decompose and analyze complex oscillators such as the Fourier Transform.
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44

Hoffmann, George. The Devotional Force of Incredulity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808763.003.0004.

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Geographic foreignness (more often imagined than not) could also transform into temporal alienation to the degree that reformers’ ideal of resuscitating the primitive Church of apostolic times implied they belonged to another time. Temporal estrangement frequently figured itself as “incredulousness” at the mores of contemporary France. Though at times seeming skeptical in spirit, this incredulity proved one of “holy horror.” Thus, the Reformation’s sense of historical detachment did not lead to modern disenchantment. Although the religious conflicts could drive away some French sympathizers (Rabelais proves particularly instructive in this regard), Reformation attacks on credulity aimed at the traditional understanding of religion as an exchange of debts and did not harbor hidden secular impulses.
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45

McNeill, J. R. Biological Exchanges in World History. Edited by Jerry H. Bentley. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199235810.013.0019.

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One important way in which people have altered environments, and thereby altered their own ecological contexts and their own history, is through biological exchange. Biological exchange can refer to any number of things. In this article, it means above all else the long-distance transfers of crops, domesticated animals, and disease-causing microbes, or pathogens. This choice is intended to emphasize biological exchanges that carried the greatest and most direct historical significance. The article aims to explore the role of the most important biological exchanges for human history. Biological exchange was sometimes carried out intentionally and sometimes accidentally. Faster and more frequent transport and travel continue to promote biological exchange. The long-term process of biological globalization continues, and will inevitably continue. In biological history, four or five centuries is the merest flash. In the long run, strange and unforeseen things will happen.
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46

Lazardzig, Jan, and Hole Rößler, eds. Technologies of Theatre. Klostermann, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783465142591.

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Baroque theatre spectacles are frequently celebrated for their overwhelming effects and marvelous technologies. However, little is known about how the mechanical knowledge for elaborate stage machineries was actually acquired by architects and engineers, and how it disseminated throughout European theatre cultures with regard to specific religious, social, political as well as economical contexts. So far unnoticed by historians of theatre and performance, the early seventeenth-century codex iconographicus 401 (Bavarian State Library) offers new insight to the transfer of mechanical knowledge and theater technology. This manuscript can now be attributed to Joseph Furttenbach (1591-1667), building master of the Swabian city of Ulm, today best known for his numerous publications on architectural theory. The codex incorporates technical drawings and descriptions of the theatrical machineries invented and designed by Giulio Parigi for the epoch-making festivals at the Medici court in Florence. The invention and construction of theatrical machineries was taught at Parigi’s Florentine academy of art and engineering, which Furttenbach attended. Besides an English translation of Furttenbach’s manuscript (originally written in German language), this volume collects studies at the intersection of theater, architecture, and technology, proposing an innovative approach to the historiography of early modern theater.
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47

Moodie, Deonnie. Resisting Middle-Class Modernizing Projects. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190885267.003.0005.

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Middle-class modernizers frame their projects at Kālīghāṭ as being in the best interests of the Hindu public in Kolkata. However, so many who frequently worship at the temple or who live and work on temple grounds do not share the desire to transform the temple so that it represents Indian modernity. Lower-class men and women are successful in resisting modernizing projects because they employ tactics that make state control difficult or impossible. These include protests, the formation of political organizations, as well as obstinacy and deception. This chapter demonstrates that while middle-class actors may use the tools of civil society to gain state support for their projects, they are not guaranteed success. Even informal and non-legal tools of what Partha Chatterjee calls “political society” are effective in blocking the enactment of modernizing projects.
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48

Hughes, Kerry C., and Jeffrey L. Metzner. Suicide risk management. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0043.

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There are many risks associated with incarceration, and a substantial one is suicide. Virtually every completed suicide generates litigation. Prevalence, demographics, trends, screening and assessment of suicide risk, and recognition of the key factors associated with increased risk and managing that risk safely and appropriately in jails is presented. The factors relating to increasing suicide risk in prisons are often quite distinct from other correctional settings. Issues such as restrictive housing, facility transfers, loss of community social supports, and chronic management all play potential roles. Proactive recognition of such concerns and active management is critical to effective risk reduction. This chapter discusses such factors in the context of changing prison dynamics and trends. Following completed suicides, a formal protocol is often followed to assist staff in understanding the events that led to the suicide and specifically intervening to address staff feelings that follow such a trauma. Such a process assists quality improvement initiatives, whether in the form of a root cause analysis or other format. Best practice approaches to post-mortem review and staff intervention/ support have been developed and are in use in many facilities. Working to eliminate or reduce the frequency of suicide attempts absolutely requires a staff culture committed to continued learning and improving of both knowledge and skills. This chapter presents a review of the current standards of suicide risk reduction training.
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49

Hughes, Kerry C., and Jeffrey L. Metzner. Suicide risk management. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0043_update_001.

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There are many risks associated with incarceration, and a substantial one is suicide. Virtually every completed suicide generates litigation. Prevalence, demographics, trends, screening and assessment of suicide risk, and recognition of the key factors associated with increased risk and managing that risk safely and appropriately in jails is presented. The factors relating to increasing suicide risk in prisons are often quite distinct from other correctional settings. Issues such as restrictive housing, facility transfers, loss of community social supports, and chronic management all play potential roles. Proactive recognition of such concerns and active management is critical to effective risk reduction. This chapter discusses such factors in the context of changing prison dynamics and trends. Following completed suicides, a formal protocol is often followed to assist staff in understanding the events that led to the suicide and specifically intervening to address staff feelings that follow such a trauma. Such a process assists quality improvement initiatives, whether in the form of a root cause analysis or other format. Best practice approaches to post-mortem review and staff intervention/ support have been developed and are in use in many facilities. Working to eliminate or reduce the frequency of suicide attempts absolutely requires a staff culture committed to continued learning and improving of both knowledge and skills. This chapter presents a review of the current standards of suicide risk reduction training.
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50

Steinkogler, Cordula. Austrian National Space Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190647926.013.96.

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This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Encyclopedia of Planetary Science. Please check back later for the full article.The Austrian Outer Space Act, which entered into force in December 2011; and the Austrian Outer Space Regulation, which has been in force since February 2015, form the legal framework for Austrian national space activities. The elaboration of national space legislation became necessary to ensure compliance with Austria’s obligations as State Party to the five United Nations Space Treaties when the first two Austrian satellites were launched in 2012 and Austria became a launching state on its own. The legislation comprehensively regulates legal aspects related to space activities, such as authorization, supervision, and termination of space activities; registration and transfer of space objects; recourse of the government against the operator; as well as implementation of the law and sanctions for its infringement. One of the main purposes of the law is to ensure the authorization of national space activities. The Outer Space Act sets forth the main conditions for authorization, which inter alia refer to the expertise of the operator; requirements for orbital positions and frequency assignments; space debris mitigation, insurance requirements, and the safeguard of public order; public health; national security as well as Austrian foreign policy interests; and international law obligations. The Austrian Outer Space Regulation complements these provisions by specifying the documents the operator must submit as evidence of the fulfillment of the authorization conditions, which include the results of safety tests, emergency plans, and information on the collection and use of Earth observation data. Particular importance is attached to the mitigation of space debris. Operators are required to take measures in accordance with international space debris mitigation guidelines for the avoidance of operational debris, the prevention of on-orbit break-ups and collisions, and the removal of space objects from Earth orbit after the end of the mission. Another specificity of the Austrian space legislation is the possibility of an exemption from the insurance requirement or a reduction of the insurance sum, if the space activity is in the public interest. This allows support to space activities that serve science, research, and education. Moreover, the law also provides for the establishment of a national registry for objects launched into outer space by the competent Austrian Ministry. The first two Austrian satellites have been entered into this registry after their launch in 2012. The third Austrian satellite, launched in June 2017, will be the first satellite authorized under the Austrian space legislation.
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