Academic literature on the topic 'Frequency pulling'

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Journal articles on the topic "Frequency pulling"

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Unnerstall, T., and A. Rieckers. "Frequency pulling in Josephson radiation." Physical Review B 45, no. 17 (May 1, 1992): 10115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.45.10115.

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Willetts, M., M. Le Gros, A. Kotlicki, G. Eska, C. E. Johnson, and B. G. Turrell. "NMR frequency pulling in magnetic systems." Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 46, S4 (April 1996): 2167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02571075.

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Yokoyama, Shuko, Tsutomu Araki, and Norihito Suzuki. "Intermode beat stabilized laser with frequency pulling." Applied Optics 33, no. 3 (January 20, 1994): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.33.000358.

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Nusinovich, Gregory S., Li Luo, and Pu-Kun Liu. "Linear theory of frequency pulling in gyrotrons." Physics of Plasmas 23, no. 5 (May 2016): 053111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4949762.

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Sancheti, S. "Active antenna top-cover frequency pulling effects." IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation 141, no. 5 (1994): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-map:19941433.

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Kariya, Tsuyoshi, Teruo Saito, Yasuhito Kiwamoto, Haruhisa Gotoh, and Syoichi Miyoshi. "Observation of Frequency Pulling Effect in Gyrotron." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 25, Part 1, No. 4 (April 20, 1986): 654–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.25.654.

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Lindberg, Åsa M. "Mode frequency pulling in He–Ne lasers." American Journal of Physics 67, no. 4 (April 1999): 350–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.19261.

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Herrero, Ramon, and Daniel Hennequin. "Anomalous frequency pulling in the photorefractive oscillators." Physical Review A 60, no. 2 (August 1, 1999): 1679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.60.1679.

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Fujii, Muneaki. "Thermometry below 1K using NMR frequency pulling." Physica B: Condensed Matter 165-166 (August 1990): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(90)80864-f.

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Bize, S., Y. Sortais, C. Mandache, A. Clairon, and C. Salomon. "Cavity frequency pulling in cold atom fountains." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 50, no. 2 (April 2001): 503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/19.918177.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Frequency pulling"

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Shirley, Timothy Earl. "Frequency-pulling effects in microfabricated resonant structures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12344.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1993.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-139).
by Timothy Earl Shirley.
M.S.
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Sobering, Ian David. "Mitigating oscillator pulling due to magnetic coupling in monolithic mixed-signal radio-frequency integrated circuits." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19755.

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Master of Science
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
W. B. Kuhn
An analysis of frequency pulling in a varactor-tuned LC VCO under coupling from an on-chip PA is presented. The large-signal behavior of the VCO's inversion-mode MOS varactors is outlined, and the susceptibility of the VCO to frequency pulling from PA aggressor signals with various modulation schemes is discussed. We show that if the aggressor signal is aperiodic, band-limited, or amplitude-modulated, the varactor-tuned LC VCO will experience frequency pulling due to time-modulation of the varactor capacitance. However, if the aggressor signal has constant-envelope phase modulation, VCO pulling can be eliminated, even in the presence of coupling, through careful choice of VCO frequency and divider ratio. Additional mitigation strategies, including new inductor topologies and system-level architectural choices, are also examined. The analysis is then applied to improve a fully-integrated half-duplex UHF micro- transceiver in which signal coupling between the LO and PA caused frequency pulling that prevented the use of QPSK signaling at certain data rates. We determine that a VCO operating at 4x transmit frequency will be naturally insensitive to pulling from QPSK signals. To validate the proposed solution, a prototype IC containing a pair of QPSK transmitters with integrated 100mW Class-C PAs was designed and fabricated in 0.18um SOI. The transmitters--one utilizing a 2x VCO, one utilizing a 4x VCO-- were designed to closely match the performance of the original microtransceiver when transmitting QPSK data. The transmitter with the 2x VCO experienced frequency pulling from the PA while transmitting QPSK data, but the transmitter with the 4x VCO did not, thereby confirming the analysis in this work. A revision of the microtransceiver was designed in 0.5 [mu]m SOS utilizing an off- chip PA inductor to reduce signal coupling with the VCO. A second revision of the microtransceiver with two prototype transmitters was designed in 0.25 [mu]m SOS uti- lizing 4x VCOs and figure-8 VCO inductors for maximum insensitivity to pulling from QPSK and band-limited modulation, as well as other design improvements that leverage the higher f[subscript]t of the smaller process. Both revisions also include a hardware FSK modulator, a new charge pump, and a redesigned fractional-N synthesizer to attenuate a divided-reference spur in the IF output. These revisions of the radio will enable future researchers to focus on system-level applications where highly-integrated medium-power transceivers with fully-functioning IQ modulation are needed.
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Bebeachibuli, Aida. "Relógio atômico a feixe efusivo de 133Cs: estudo da estabilidade e da acuracia como função do deslocamento da frequência atômica devido ao efeito zeeman de segunda ordem, ao cavity pulling e ao rabi pulling." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76131/tde-12092007-114223/.

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Em 1967, a definição do segundo passou a ser baseada nas propriedades atômicas dos átomos de 133Cs. O instrumento utilizado para reproduzir esta definição é um relógio atômico. Neste trabalho iremos apresentar os progressos feitos no programa brasileiro de metrologia científica de tempo e freqüência. A proposta deste trabalho de dissertação é a caracterização do nosso padrão. Nós estudaremos os deslocamentos presentes em um relógio atômico, como o efeito Zeeman Quadrático, Δ ν/ ν0 =5,4×10-13 o ?Cavity Pulling?, Δ ν/ ν0 = 1,27×10-13 e o ?Rabi Pulling?, Δν/ν0 =1,3×10?13 entre outros, que são induzidas na freqüência hiperfina do césio. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho podem ser resumidos da seguinte forma: uma incerteza global de 1,44×10-12 e uma estabilidade a curto prazo dada pela raíz quadrada da variância de Allan 1,8×10-10Τ-0,5. Estes resultados foram medidos após as seguintes mudanças efetuadas em nosso padrão: determinamos a potência ótima injetada na cavidade afim de aumentar o sinal e assegurar que os átomos sofram uma transição π/2; melhoramos o controle do campo magnético estático aplicado ao longo da cavidade de interrogação resultando em um campo magnético mais homogêneo; e, diminuímos a temperatura de operação do forno do relógio tal que a velocidade média dos átomos presente no feixo atômico diminui significativamente. Todas estas mudanças resultaram no ganho de uma ordem de grandeza na acuracia e na estabilidade de nosso relógio.
Since 1967, the definition of the second is based on the atomic properties of the 133Cs atom. The device that realises this definition is an atomic clock. In this work, we present the progress made in the last year on Brazilian scientific time and frequency program. The aim of this dissertation work is the caracterization of our standard. We report the major sifts present in our atomic clock due to Quadratic Zeeman effect, Δν/ν0 =5,4×10-13 Cavity Pulling, Δν/ν0 =1,27×10-13 Rabi Pulling, Δν/ν0 =1,3×10-13 and other ones, which induced a shift in the hiperfine levels frequency of the performances: a global uncertainty of 1,44×10-12 and a short term stability of 1,8×10-10Τ-0,5 .The results were obtained after these changes: we have determined the optimum microwave power injected into the cavity in order to increase the signal and assure that the atoms suffer a π/2 pulse; we have also minimizes the field inhomogeneity by improving the control of the static magntic field along the interaction region; we have decreased the temperature of the clock oven in order to obtain a slower atomic beam. All this changes has increased our accuracy and our stability of about one order.
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Menotti, Enrico. "Time-dependent and three-dimensional phenomena in free-electron laser amplifiers within the integral-equation approach." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/4485.

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Boon-EuSeow and 蕭文佑. "Injection Locking Enhancement and Injection Pulling Mitigation Techniques for Integrated Frequency Synthesizer Front-Ends." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bpvk3s.

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博士
國立成功大學
電腦與通信工程研究所
106
This dissertation covers two main research topics. The first main research topic is to study the injection locking enhancement technique in CMOS injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD), which includes the dual-band operation of 30 GHz divide-by-three and 50 GHz divide-by-five ILFD. The ILFD can be applied to the proposed 28 GHz and 47 GHz frequency bands of the 5G mobile communication. The second main topic is to study the injection pulling mitigation technique in CMOS LC voltage-controlled Oscillator using a novel honeycomb-shaped planar inductor. The design of a divide-by-three frequency divider operating at 30 GHz with an injection- switched cross-coupled pair (IS-CPP) technique to enhance the locking range is reported in Chapter 2. A wider locking range as well as a lower operation voltage can be achieved because of this newly proposed topology. The divider is implemented in a 90 nm standard CMOS process. The total locking range of the divider core is 4.5 GHz with a power consumption of 2.85 mW from a supply voltage of 0.5 V. The total power consumption of the buffers is 2.65 mW from a supply voltage of 1.0 V. The measured output phase noise is -141 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset when the input referred signal with a phase noise of -131 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from 30 GHz. The phase-noise difference of 10 dB is close to the theoretical value of 9.5 dB for division-by-three. The total chip size is 0.48 mm2 and the divider core size is only about 0.14 mm2. A CMOS 30 GHz divide-by-three ILFD using the IS-CCP technique can also operate at a divide-by-5 mode. The related experimental results to demonstrate the extra capability of the proposed divider as a 50 GHz divide-by-five ILFD. The total locking range of 2.4 GHz is available at 50 GHz with a total dc power dissipation of 5.5 mW. The measured output phase noise of -143 dBc/Hz is obtained from an input signal of -127 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from 50 GHz. This divider can be applied to a millimeter-wave PLL design for 47 GHz radio band applications, which include the newly proposed frequency band for the 5G mobile communication. The last part of the dissertation presents the injection pulling mitigation technique applied to a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) using a novel honeycomb-shaped planar inductor. Due to the twisted routes of the sub-coils in the proposed inductor, the interference caused by a nearby electromagnetic noise source can be compensated and reduced. By using a 0.18-μm standard CMOS process, the proposed honeycomb-shaped planar inductor and a conventional single-turn spiral inductor in a similar size are integrated into two respective VCO test chips. The injection pulling behaviors of these two oscillators are studied and compared. The experimental results show that the VCO integrated with the proposed honeycomb-shaped planar inductor can significantly mitigate the injection pulling phenomenon as compared to the VCO integrated with a conventional single-turn inductor in a similar size. In this study, the enhancement of mitigation over 15 dB can be achieved.
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Liang-Chung-Lin and 林良俊. "Effects of Combinations of the Back Step Frequency and Length on Team''''s Pulling Force." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87074579881316601201.

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碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系
92
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of various combinations of the step frequency and length in Back Step motion on team''''s pulling force. The subjects were 8 female high school pullers. According to combinations of 4 kinds of step length(5cm/step, 10cm/step, 15cm/step, 20cm/step) and 4 kinds of step frequency (2step/sec, 1step/sec, 0.7step/sec, 0.5step/sec), subjects were asked to drag the pieces of iron on a derrick. One JVC digital camera(60Hz) was synchronized with a load cell(900Hz) that was inserted between the rope and the derrick to record images and the pulling force. The pulling force and images were digitized by Data Acquisition System Laboratory and Ariel Performance Analysis System, and the Microsoft Excel program was used for the basic data statistics. The results of data analysis were: 1.The maximum team''''s pulling force was increasing when the step length was increasing. 2.The minimum team''''s pulling force was decreasing with the decreasing step frequency. 3.The difference between the maximum and minimum team''''s pulling force was increasing when the step length increased and the step frequency decreased. 4.Without the maximum or minimum team''''s pulling force , the force of the right foot was almost greater than the left foot. Therefore, the team’s pulling force was greatly effected by different combinations of back step frequencies and lengths. The 0.7step/sec with 20cm/step and 2step/sec with 5cm/step were suggested to get the better pulling force and keep the attacking advantage for the tug-of-war pullers. Key words : tug of war, Back Step motion, step frequency, step length, team''''s pulling force
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Pandey, Jagadish Narayan. "Low Power LO Generation Based On Frequency Multiplication Technique." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/356.

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TO achieve high level of integration in order to reduce cost, heterodyne architecture has made way for low-IF and zero-IF (direct conversion) receiver architectures. However, a very serious issue in implementing both zero and low-IF receiver is of local oscillator (LO) pulling. Another challenge is on-chip generation of high-precision quadrature LO signals for image-rejection. We have addressed both these issues in this thesis. Regarding the first problem, we have developed a lowpower frequency multiplication technique which uses a low frequency ring oscillator and multiplies its frequency in power e cient way to generate the desired frequency. We then use this differential LO signal to generate high-precision quadrature phases by using polyphase filter and an injection-locked quadrature oscillator. Design examples are presented for 2.4 GHz band of IEEE 802.15.4 standard which is a low-data rate WPAN standard. The standard o ers relaxed performance specifications in order to help achieve low power of operation. Contributions in the thesis • The problem of local oscillator (LO) pulling can be addressed by running LO at a much reduced frequency and use a frequency multiplier (FM) to generate the desired frequency. Also, use of low-frequency LO saves power in VCO and helps eliminate first few dividers leading to significant power savings. In addition, the entire frequency synthesizer can be run at a lower supply voltage saving additional power. The frequency multiplier involves combining edges from the lower frequency ring oscillator. It improves upon the prior work by proposing a new lower-power edge-combiner. The overall power is reduced by exploiting the relaxed phase noise specification of IEEE 802.15.4 standard. Simulations using SpectreRF show that the circuit consumes only 550 オW of power in 0.13 オm RF-CMOS technology with 1.2 V supply voltage, and provides 950 VP-P sinusoidal output with phase noise of -85.5 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. • An injection-locking based quadrature desensitization circuit is designed for precision quadrature generation. The differential (two phase) output of the frequency multiplier is fed to a polyphase filter to generate nearly quadrature signals. Output of polyphase filter is in turn fed to the desensitizer circuit to obtain high-precision quadrature signals. Designed for 2.4 GHz band in 0.13 µm RF-CMOS technology, it achieves a phase error of 0.5 for 1% mismatch in LC tanks. It achieves a phase noise of -84.3 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz o set and provides quadrature sinusoids of 475 mV amplitude while consuming 1.56 mW of power. • We have analyzed the popular cross-coupled LC-VCOs to generate quadrature sinusoids. In practical LC-oscillators built using low/moderate quality factor on-chip inductors, the actual frequency of oscillation is a little less than 1/2pvLC . This is known as Groszkowski effect. On the other hand, in quadrature oscillator topologies, consisting of two, cross-coupled, negative resistance LC-VCOs using parallel coupling transistors, an upward shift in frequency of oscillation from the free-running frequency of each LC-VCO is observed. This is because in order to satisfy the Barkhausen’s criteria, the LC-tanks have to operate at a frequency away from the frequency of resonance. This e ect called as quadrature detuning effect results in higher phase noise and reduced amplitude. We have shown that the old treatment given in literature is quite inaccurate for practical LC oscillators that are built using low/mo derate Q on-chip inductors. Also the prior work ignores Groszkowski effect which could be significant for low Q LC tanks. We have provided simple, accurate and closed-form expressions of associated frequency-shifts and amplitude of oscillation including both the effects. Our results show excellent match with results obtained from SpectreRF and Matlab simulations.
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Book chapters on the topic "Frequency pulling"

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Qin, Zhaohui, Longzhu Chen, Chunyu Song, and Zhaowei Ding. "Characteristics of Surrounding Soils Influenced by High Frequency Vibratory Pile Pulling." In Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Advances in Soil Dynamics and Foundation Engineering, 120–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0131-5_14.

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Tanabe, Takeshi, Hiroaki Yano, and Hiroo Iwata. "Induced Pulling Sensation by Synthesis of Frequency Component for Voice-Coil Type Vibrators." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 27–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3194-7_7.

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"Injection Pulling of Multiple VCO's as in a Serdes." In Frequency Acquisition Techniques for Phase Locked Loops, 195–97. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118383285.ch19.

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Pachpande, Sandeep, Asha Pachpande, and J. A. Kulkarni. "RANBAXY—The Indian Pharma Giant." In Indian Business Case Studies Volume I, 91–102. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192869371.003.0011.

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Abstract The Indian pharmaceutical industry is considered as one of the vibrant industries of the country. The dynamics of the industry changed with the amendment in the Patents Act in 1972 by which the process patents were introduced. The industry prospered since then. The industry continued to depict a vigorous growth in the post-liberalization era. The turnover of Ranbaxy—The Indian Pharma Giant 93 the industry went up from approximately USD 1 billion in 1990 to over USD 20 billion in 2010. The export turnover in the year 2010 was approximately USD 8 billion. The global ranking of the industry was third in terms of volume and fourteenth in terms of value, as per report by India Brand valuation Report. However the success seems to have led to over confidence and under mining the need for frequent review of operational control product quality and delivery schedules US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2012 notified the company that it was prohibited from manufacturing and distributing active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). This incidence leads several such sanctions from many other major customers of Ran Baxy resulting in its Global alliance the Daichy Pharma from Japan with drawing itself from Ranbaxy and resorting to recovery and legal action through legal suits against Ran Baxy. Today RAN BAXY is in total shambles and unsustainable business pulling down its shutters once having enjoyed global reputation. This Case Study highlights the focus on business acumen and the absolute necessity and importance an organization in a sensitive Industry like Pharma needs to consistently focus rather than getting sunk and spoilt in few initial successes.
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Rose, Jonathan. "Death to Gradgrind." In Readers' Liberation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198723554.003.0011.

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There has always been a “reading crisis,” at least for the last two hundred years. Up to the end of the nineteenth century critics fretted over the spread of mass literacy, which (they anticipated) would degrade the quality of literature. And then, at various points over the twentieth century, critics warned that the Book-of-the-Month Club, or middlebrow literature, or paperbacks, or the Great Books of the Western World, or Oprah Winfrey would mean the end of serious reading. As documented here, none of these irrational fears had any basis in reality. But even if others frequently cried wolf in the past, there are real and present threats to reading, and often (ironically) they come from the very quarters that warn that reading is in a crisis that must be addressed. Perhaps the most deeply troubling development on the reading instruction front is Common Core, a set of educational standards that promises “career and college readiness.” It has been adopted by most of the fifty states in the US, though several are having second thoughts and pulling back. The Gates Foundation has heavily promoted Common Core, donating a total of $150 million to teachers’ unions, universities, foundations, state departments of education, and think tanks that support the program. What Bill Gates prefers to call “ philanthropy” was in this case more like an investment, given that the Common Core would require much greater use of computers in classrooms. Likewise, publishing giant Pearson stood ready to corral a huge and largely captive market for textbooks oriented to Common Core. (Historians of textbooks know that, because they are usually sold to a government monopsony, opportunities for corruption are enormous.) Championed as well by Education Secretary Arne Duncan and many state governors, Common Core thus involves the takeover of school reading instruction not by capitalism, but by crony capitalism, cutting out both teachers and parents in shaping educational policy. Pearson was awarded contracts that effectively ensured that the company would be the only qualified bidder. In a 28 February 2014 meeting, Pearson CEO John Fallon and CFO Robin Freestone discussed the company’s long-term profitability with eight market analysts.
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Conference papers on the topic "Frequency pulling"

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Bashir, Imran, R. Bogdan Staszewski, Oren Eliezer, Khurram Waheed, Vasile Zoicas, Nir Tal, Jaimin Mehta, Meng-Chang Lee, Poras T. Balsara, and Bhaskar Banerjee. "An EDGE transmitter with mitigation of oscillator pulling." In 2010 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rfic.2010.5477247.

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Heidari, M. Esmaeil, and A. A. Abidi. "Behavioral models of frequency pulling in oscillators." In 2007 IEEE International Behavioral Modeling and Simulation Workshop. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmas.2007.4437533.

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Shi, Junru, Jingya Chen, Yang Guan, Jun Ruan, Xinliang Wang, Dandan Liu, Yang Bai, Fan Yang, and Shaugang Zhang. "The Study of Ramsey and Rabi Frequency Pulling Shift." In 2018 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fcs.2018.8597457.

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Sorger, V. J., R. F. Oulton, T. Zentgraf, C. Gladden, G. Bartal, R. Ma, Lun Dai, and X. Zhang. "Giant Frequency-Pulling in Sub-Wavelength Plasmon Lasers." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2009.pdpb7.

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Shirley, J. H., T. P. Heavner, and S. R. Jefferts. "First-order sideband pulling in atomic frequency standards." In 2008 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpem.2008.4574652.

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Shirley, Jon H. "Alternative variables for computing sideband pulling in atomic frequency standards." In 2011 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control and the European Frequency and Time Forum (FCS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fcs.2011.5977751.

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Rossetto, N., F. X. Esnault, D. Holleville, J. Delporte, M. Lours, and N. Dimarcq. "Dick effect and cavity pulling on HORACE compact cold atom clock." In 2011 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control and the European Frequency and Time Forum (FCS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fcs.2011.5977902.

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Menyuk, Curtis R., Jared K. Wahlstrand, John T. Willits, Ryan P. Smith, Thomas R. Schibli, and Steven T. Cundiff. "Gain dynamics and frequency pulling in mode-locked lasers." In 2007 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/qels.2007.4431483.

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Menyuk, Curtis R., Jared K. Wahlstrand, John T. Willits, Ryan P. Smith, Thomas R. Schibli, and Steven T. Cundiff. "Gain Dynamics and Frequency Pulling in Mode-Locked Lasers." In CLEO 2007. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleo.2007.4453706.

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An, Kyungwon. "Spectrum of the cavity-QED microlaser: Quantum frequency pulling." In 2012 14th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icton.2012.6253784.

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