Academic literature on the topic 'Frequency domain approach'

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Journal articles on the topic "Frequency domain approach"

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Morkoc, F., J. W. Biggar, R. H. Shumway, and D. R. Nielsen. "River Quality Modeling: Frequency Domain Approach." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 115, no. 6 (December 1989): 1008–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1989)115:6(1008).

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Kastrinaki, Zafeira, and Paul Stoneman. "Merger Cycles: A Frequency Domain Approach*." Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 75, no. 2 (January 25, 2012): 259–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.2012.00691.x.

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LlU, G. P. "Frequency-domain approach for critical systems." International Journal of Control 52, no. 6 (December 1990): 1507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207179008953607.

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Harrison, J. "A frequency-domain approach to frequency-weighted balanced realization." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications 50, no. 5 (May 2003): 655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2003.811021.

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Qureshi, M. Umar, Mitchel J. Colebank, David A. Schreier, Diana M. Tabima, Mansoor A. Haider, Naomi C. Chesler, and Mette S. Olufsen. "Characteristic impedance: frequency or time domain approach?" Physiological Measurement 39, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 014004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6579/aa9d60.

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Singh, T., and S. R. Vadali. "Robust time-optimal control - Frequency domain approach." Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 17, no. 2 (March 1994): 346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.21204.

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Fong, K. F., A. P. Loh, and W. W. Tan. "A frequency domain approach for fault detection." International Journal of Control 81, no. 2 (February 2008): 264–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207170701536122.

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HANNA, S. A. "Frequency-domain maximum likelihood pitch determination approach." International Journal of Electronics 73, no. 6 (December 1992): 1185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207219208925788.

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Aravena, Jorge L., and Vidya Venkatachalam. "Pseudo-power scale signatures: frequency domain approach." Journal of the Franklin Institute 337, no. 4 (July 2000): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-0032(00)00026-0.

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Marquez, H. J. "A frequency domain approach to state estimation." Journal of the Franklin Institute 340, no. 2 (March 2003): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-0032(03)00017-6.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Frequency domain approach"

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Mui, Chi Seong. "Frequency domain approach to time series analysis." Thesis, University of Macau, 2000. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1446676.

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Ho, C. "Nonlinear vibration control : a frequency domain approach." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5157/.

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A vibration isolator, sometimes called an isolating mount, is the device situating between the vibration source and the sensitive system preventing the transmission of undesired disturbances. The performance is measured by the force or the displacement transmissibility, both functions of frequency. A good vibration isolation system has three main properties - a low resonant peak, a large isolation range and low transmissibility at non-resonant regions. Unfortunately, these characteristics cannot be achieved simultaneously by a simple linear vibration isolation system. The thesis addresses this problem for single-degree-of-freedom (sdof) vibration isolation systems by introducing nonlinear damping and stiffness devices into the system. First, theoretical studies were carried out to rigorously reveal the benefits of the proposed nonlinear vibration isolation systems over linear ones. Next, the performance of these nonlinear systems were analysed by simulations. Then, experimental studies were conducted to verify the theoretical and simulations results. Finally, a systematic approach was developed to design the parameters of the nonlinear damping and stiffness devices in order to satisfy specific vibration isolation requirements. Many vibration isolators can be modelled as a single-degree-of-freedom mass-spring-damper system. Many researchers have attempted to enhance the vibration isolation performance by designing springs with nonlinear stiffness. Others have focused on different types of damping nonlinearities. The new vibration isolation system proposed in the thesis combines both spring and damping nonlinearities in one system to exploit the advantages of both components while avoiding their undesirable effects. The theoretical properties of this proposed nonlinear vibration isolation system were analysed rigorously using the output frequency response function (OFRF) approach, a novel and unique method recently proposed at Sheeld. The stiffness nonlinearity is already a well researched area and can readily be realised in practice. Therefore, the implementation of the proposed nonlinear vibration suppression system focused on the realisation of the nonlinear damping component using commercially available magneto-rheological (MR) dampers which provide a damping force that is dependent on a control current. With feedback control, the force-velocity relationship of an MR damper can be shaped into a designed function. This implementation has been incorporated first in a vibration isolation system by simulation, then in a physical experimental rig which has a moving mass. The simulation and experimental data not only showed the successful realisation of a damping device with a particular nonlinear damping characteristic, but also confirmed the theoretical findings on the beneficial effects of nonlinear damping on a vibration isolation application. The final part of the thesis is devoted to the practical design of the proposed vibration isolation system. Given specific transmissibility requirements at certain critical frequencies, the values of the linear parameters are first designed, then the OFRF approach is applied to determine the nonlinear parameters. This pragmatic method simplifies the design of a complicated nonlinear system, which was traditionally difficult to work with, into a step-by-step guide and, therefore, has significant potential of industrial applications. The thesis has exploited the special effects of two nonlinear components on the performance of a passive sdof vibration isolation system. With the support of theoretical, simulation and experimental studies, the newly proposed configuration has shown substantial benefits to many vibration isolation problems. The simple yet effective design and implementation has significant implications for a wide range of engineering applications such as car suspension designs and building protection against earthquakes.
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Warburton, Niels Jamie. "Frequency domain approach to self-force calculations." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/167481/.

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In this thesis, the problem of computing the back-reaction, or self-force, caused by a point particle interacting with its own field is studied. In particular, motivated by the prospect of detecting gravitational waves from extreme mass ratio inspiral systems, we consider the motion of the particle in black hole spacetimes. As a toy model for the most astrophysically relevant scenario of orbits about a rotating black hole we first study the scalar-field self-force (SSF)experienced by a scalar charge moving on a fixed geodesic in Kerr spacetime for a variety of orbits. Our approach is to work in the frequency domain, fully decomposing the scalar field into spheroidal harmonic and frequency modes and numerically solving for the retarded field mode-by-mode. Regularization of the retarded field is performed using the standard mode-sum technique which requires spherical harmonic modes as input, which we obtain by projecting the spheroidal harmonic modes on to a basis of spherical harmonics. We find for circular, equatorial orbits that the black hole spin can have a pronounced effect on the conservative piece of the SSF, causing it to (with respect to the Schwarzschild scalar-field self-force) change sign for certain spins and orbital radii. For eccentric orbits in the equatorial plane, we make use of the recently introduced method of extended homogeneous solutions to overcome the Gibbs phenomenon associated with a naive approach. As an application of our work we compute the shift to the innermost stable circular orbit due to the conservative piece of the scalar-field self-force for a variety of black hole spins. We also present some preliminary results for the SSF along circular, inclined geodesics. As well as studying the toy model SSF, we also consider the gravitational self-force (GSF) problem in the context of orbits around a Schwarzschild black hole. Our approach is again to work in the frequency domain, and we perform a complete decomposition of the metric perturbation in tensor spherical harmonics and frequency modes. The ten metric perturbation fields decouple with respect to the multipole indices but remain coupled within each spherical harmonic mode. We solve the resulting coupled sets numerically with a code set up to run on a computer cluster. Regularization is again performed using the mode-sum technique. Our resulting code is extremely efficient for low eccentricity orbits, and using it we compute the GSF for a great many points in the orbital parameter space. With these results we fit an analytic model to our numerical data and then use a relativistic osculating elements scheme to evolve the orbital inspiral. This allows us, for the first time, to assess the contribution to a complete inspiral from the conservative piece of the gravitational self-force. Finally, as an aside, we investigate the recently discovered phenomenon of isofrequency orbits, whereby it is possible to have pairs of physically distinct bound geodesics about a Kerr black hole that share the same three orbital frequencies.
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Chao, Chi-Shun. "A frequency domain based approach to on-line system identification." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28237.

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Vaudrey, Michael A. "A novel approach to multiple reference frequency domain adaptive control." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08292008-063731/.

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Schamel, Andreas. "A frequency domain approach to the analysis and optimization of valve spring dynamics." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1993. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14724.

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In this thesis a method is derived and presented, for the efficient analysis of the steady state response of dynamic systems with time variant propenies. The method is especially attractive for the simulation of the steady state response of lightly damped systems with low numbers of degree of freedom which are forced by a periodic excitation. A major feature of the method is that the system non-linearities can be successfully modelled as time variant propenies. An ideal application for this approach is the calculation of the dynamic response of a modal model for progressive valve springs in the frequency domain. The solution method is explained and derived using this example. The differences, drawbacks, and advantages are assessed by comparison with both a linear modal model and a discrete time-domain model; correlation with actual measurement is also shown. The extreme efficiency of the method allows its application in a more general study of the dynamic propenies of valve springs. This analysis is initially discussed and examined using statistical methods. Then the frequency domain solution method is employed to perform an automatic optimization of the spring frequency characteristic for a 16 valve prototype engine application. The spring design obtained from this study has been manufactured and the resulting hardware is discussed. The measured response of this hardware is compared with simulation results for the same configuration, verifying the fmdings from the statistical investigation and the optimization. Finally open issues and further envisaged work in the area of damping mechanisms in valve springs and manufacturing issues are diScussed and an approach for the next steps to take is outlined.
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Jun, Jonathan Ho. "An abductive approach to Design Structure Matrix (DSM) partitioning using frequency domain scoring." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118547.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 65-66).
A key benefit of the DSM representation is that it gives a visual interpretation of relationships between its elements. The array format allows us to sort the elements using clustering algorithms which try to group the relationships into modules which are as independent as possible. There are a number of clustering algorithms available which may each end up sorting the DSMs differently using different objectives, for example, activities in a time-based DSM can be sequenced to reduce iterations or to improve concurrency. However, most of these algorithms take a deductive approach which results in only one 'optimal' output. If an abductive approach is used instead, multiple solutions can be generated for the user to evaluate, some which may provide insight on useful configurations that he or she may have overlooked. In electrical engineering, we often make use of transforms to convert time domain signals into frequency domain signals in order to glean additional information which may not have been initially apparent. In this respect, using a frequency domain transform on a DSM matrix gives us additional insights into the relationships represented. An example of one such insight would be into the sorted-ness of a DSM to which module cuts can be defined. By applying a frequency transform to a pixel representation of the DSM and examining the transform coefficients, we gain an understanding of what image patterns exist in the DSM. Rules pertaining to these coefficients could then be defined which would classify a DSM as well sorted (with the dependencies being grouped up) or being unsorted (with the dependencies being scattered). This thesis demonstrates the above technique to rank each permutation of an 8x8 matrix on their conformance to certain rules or behaviors in order to filter out useful configurations in an abductive approach. When comparing the highest-ranking hypotheses against the optimal result from other clustering and sequencing algorithms, this algorithm performed on par with them to reduce external dependencies and iterations respectively. The frequency based scoring was also shown to be a useful metric when determining the optimal module cut of a system.
by Jonathan Ho Jun.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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MacKay, Cameron. "An optimisation approach to the frequency-domain inverse problem for a nonuniform transmission line." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410242.

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Thein, Christoph Oliver [Verfasser]. "A frequency domain approach to synchronization of filterbank multicarrier systems in practice / Christoph Oliver Thein." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2015. http://d-nb.info/106892425X/34.

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FLADUNG, JR WILLIAM A. "A GENERALIZED RESIDUALS MODEL FOR THE UNIFIED MATRIX POLYNOMIAL APPROACH TO FREQUENCY DOMAIN MODAL PARAMETER ESTIMATION." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin990800667.

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Books on the topic "Frequency domain approach"

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(Johan), Schoukens J., ed. System identification: A frequency domain approach. 2nd ed. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2012.

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G, Chen, ed. Hopf bifurcation analysis: A frequency domain approach. Singapore: World Scientific, 1996.

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Chao, Chi-Shun. A frequency domain based approach to on-line system identification. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1991.

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Nachane, D. M. Measuring variability of monetary policy lags: A frequency domain approach. Florence: European University Institute, Department of Economics, 2001.

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Altshuller, Dmitry. Frequency Domain Criteria for Absolute Stability: A Delay-integral-quadratic Constraints Approach. London: Springer London, 2013.

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O'Halloran, Patrick. A convolution based approach for simulating linear circuit blocks defined in the frequency domain within a nonlinear time domain simulator. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1997.

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Curtain, R. F., A. Bensoussan, and J. L. Lions, eds. Analysis and Optimization of Systems: State and Frequency Domain Approaches for Infinite-Dimensional Systems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0115017.

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F, Curtain Ruth, Benoussan Alain, Lions Jacques Louis, and International Conference on Analysis and Optimization of Systems (10th : 1992 : Sophia-Antipolis, France), eds. Analysis and optimization of systems: State and frequency domain approaches for infinite-dimensional systems : proceedings of the 10th international conference, Sophia-Antipolis, France, June 9-12, 1992. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1993.

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System Identification: A Frequency Domain Approach. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2005.

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System Identification: A Frequency Domain Approach. Wiley-IEEE Press, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Frequency domain approach"

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Bacciotti, Andrea. "Frequency Domain Approach." In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, 139–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02405-5_8.

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Keulen, Bert. "Linear quadratic control and frequency domain inequalities." In H∞-Control for Distributed Parameter Systems: A State-Space Approach, 75–100. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0347-6_3.

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Gofman, Yossi, and Nahum Kiryati. "Detecting grey level symmetry: The frequency domain approach." In Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns, 588–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60268-2_349.

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Bergamasco, Marco, and Marco Lovera. "Rotorcraft System Identification: An Integrated Time-Frequency Domain Approach." In Advances in Aerospace Guidance, Navigation and Control, 161–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38253-6_11.

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Jung, Do Hyun, and Sung In Bae. "Automotive Component Fatigue Life Estimation by Frequency Domain Approach." In Key Engineering Materials, 1776–83. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-978-4.1776.

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Prasantha, H. S., H. L. Shashidhara, and K. N. B. Murthy. "Fast Computation of Image Scaling Algorithms Using Frequency Domain Approach." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 201–8. New Delhi: Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0740-5_25.

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Bai, Ping, Young Truong, and Xuemei Huang. "Nonparametric Estimation of Hemodynamic Response Function: A Frequency Domain Approach." In Institute of Mathematical Statistics Lecture Notes - Monograph Series, 190–215. Beachwood, Ohio, USA: Institute of Mathematical Statistics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-lnms5712.

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Zana, Yossi, Roberto M. Cesar-Jr, Rogerio S. Feris, and Matthew Turk. "Face Verification in Polar Frequency Domain: A Biologically Motivated Approach." In Advances in Visual Computing, 183–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11595755_23.

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Goilkar, Suhasini S., and Shashikant S. Goilkar. "Image Enhancement in Frequency Domain Fingerprint Detection and Matching Approach." In Intelligent Cyber Physical Systems and Internet of Things, 185–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18497-0_14.

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Jing, Xingjian, and Ziqiang Lang. "The Alternating Series Approach to Nonlinear Influence in the Frequency Domain." In Understanding Complex Systems, 237–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12391-2_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Frequency domain approach"

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Buss, Arnold. "Future directions for frequency domain approach." In the 19th conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/318371.318611.

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Poncet-Montanges, Adrien, Jonathan E. Cooper, Dorian Jones, Ann Gaitonde, and Yves Lemmens. "Frequency Domain Approach for Transonic Aerodynamic Modelling." In 15th Dynamics Specialists Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-1576.

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Tang, Yu, and Eduardo Fernandez Camacho. "Adaptive Pole Placement: A Frequency Domain Approach." In 1992 American Control Conference. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.1992.4792349.

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Zhang, Wenyi, Alireza Masnadi-Shirazi, and Bhaskar D. Rao. "Insights into the frequency domain ICA approach." In 2011 45th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acssc.2011.6190414.

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Koshkouei, A. Jafari, and A. S. I. Zinober. "Frequency domain approach to sliding mode control." In 1997 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ecc.1997.7082635.

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Walter Jesus Paucar Casas, Saul Camelo, and Cesar Gonçalves dos Reis. "FATIGUE DAMAGE ESTIMATION USING FREQUENCY DOMAIN APPROACH." In 23rd ABCM International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: ABCM Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.20906/cps/cob-2015-2549.

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Baratchart, L., P. Enqvist, A. Gombani, and M. Olivi. "Minimal symmetric Darlington synthesis: a frequency domain approach." In Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2006.377365.

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Pan Chuang, Yonggui Liu, and Huanli Gao. "Autonomous platoon controller design: A frequency-domain approach." In 2013 9th International Conference on Information, Communications & Signal Processing (ICICS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icics.2013.6782850.

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Singh, T., and S. Vadali. "Robust time-optimal control - A frequency domain approach." In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3569.

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Shah, Dharmil, Pietro Falco, Matteo Saveriano, and Dongheui Lee. "Encoding human actions with a frequency domain approach." In 2016 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2016.7759780.

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Reports on the topic "Frequency domain approach"

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Ojeda-Joya, Jair N., Oscar Fernando Jaulín-Méndez, and Juan C. Bustos-Peláez. The interdependence between commodity-price and GDP cycles : a frequency domain approach. Bogotá, Colombia: Banco de la República, November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.913.

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Kammer, Daniel C., and Aaron Nimityongskul. A Frequency Domain Approach to Pretest Analysis Model Correlation and Model Updating for the Mid-Frequency Range. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada495365.

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Miller, Eric L. A Unified Approach to the Processing and Fusion of Time and Frequency Domain EMI Data for UXO Discrimination. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada480474.

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Warren, Nancy, Pia Mingkwan, Caroline Kery, Meagan Meekins, Thomas Bukowski, and Laura Nyblade. Identifying and Classifying COVID-19 Stigma on Social Media. RTI Press, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2023.op.0087.2305.

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Since the introduction of COVID-19 in early 2020, COVID-19 stigma has persisted on social media. Stigma, a social process where individuals or groups are labeled, stereotyped, and separated, can result in misinformation, discrimination, and violence. The body of research on COVID-19 stigma is growing, but addressing stigma on social media remains challenging because of the enormous volume and diversity of rapidly changing content. This three-part methodology offers a standardized approach for generating (1) a relevant and manageable social media sample for stigma identification and research, (2) a categorization process to organize the sample, and (3) a systematic coding method for classifying stigma within the sample. An application of the methodology generated a curated sample of 138,998 posts from Twitter and Reddit, organized according to key stigma domain, key terms, frequency of terms, and hashtag occurrence. A subset of 711 posts were selected for the content analysis and analyzed based on the key stigma domains, distinguishing between intentional and unintentional stigma. This methodology has the potential to facilitate comprehensive social media stigma research through simplified sample generation and stigma identification processes and offers the possibility of adaptation to address other types of social media stigma, beyond COVID-19.
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Rannenberg, Kai, Sebastian Pape, Frédéric Tronnier, and Sascha Löbner. Study on the Technical Evaluation of De-Identification Procedures for Personal Data in the Automotive Sector. Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.63413.

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The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate different de-identification techniques that may be used in several mobility-related use cases. To do so, four use cases have been defined in accordance with a project partner that focused on the legal aspects of this project, as well as with the VDA/FAT working group. Each use case aims to create different legal and technical issues with regards to the data and information that are to be gathered, used and transferred in the specific scenario. Use cases should therefore differ in the type and frequency of data that is gathered as well as the level of privacy and the speed of computation that is needed for the data. Upon identifying use cases, a systematic literature review has been performed to identify suitable de-identification techniques to provide data privacy. Additionally, external databases have been considered as data that is expected to be anonymous might be reidentified through the combination of existing data with such external data. For each case, requirements and possible attack scenarios were created to illustrate where exactly privacy-related issues could occur and how exactly such issues could impact data subjects, data processors or data controllers. Suitable de-identification techniques should be able to withstand these attack scenarios. Based on a series of additional criteria, de-identification techniques are then analyzed for each use case. Possible solutions are then discussed individually in chapters 6.1 - 6.2. It is evident that no one-size-fits-all approach to protect privacy in the mobility domain exists. While all techniques that are analyzed in detail in this report, e.g., homomorphic encryption, differential privacy, secure multiparty computation and federated learning, are able to successfully protect user privacy in certain instances, their overall effectiveness differs depending on the specifics of each use case.
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Hajarizadeh, Behzad, Jennifer MacLachlan, Benjamin Cowie, and Gregory J. Dore. Population-level interventions to improve the health outcomes of people living with hepatitis B: an Evidence Check brokered by the Sax Institute for the NSW Ministry of Health, 2022. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/pxwj3682.

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Abstract:
Background An estimated 292 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection globally, including 223,000 people in Australia. HBV diagnosis and linkage of people living with HBV to clinical care is suboptimal in Australia, with 27% of people living with HBV undiagnosed and 77% not receiving regular HBV clinical care. This systematic review aimed to characterize population-level interventions implemented to enhance all components of HBV care cascade and analyse the effectiveness of interventions. Review questions Question 1: What population-level interventions, programs or policy approaches have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B; and that may not yet be fully rolled out or evaluated in Australia demonstrate early effectiveness, or promise, in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B? Question 2: What population-level interventions and/or programs are effective at reducing disease burden for people in the community with hepatitis B? Methods Four bibliographic databases and 21 grey literature sources were searched. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the study population included people with or at risk of chronic HBV, and the study conducted a population-level interventions to decrease HBV incidence or disease burden or to enhance any components of HBV care cascade (i.e., diagnosis, linkage to care, treatment initiation, adherence to clinical care), or HBV vaccination coverage. Studies published in the past 10 years (since January 2012), with or without comparison groups were eligible for inclusion. Studies conducting an HBV screening intervention were eligible if they reported proportion of people participating in screening, proportion of newly diagnosed HBV (participant was unaware of their HBV status), proportion of people received HBV vaccination following screening, or proportion of participants diagnosed with chronic HBV infection who were linked to HBV clinical care. Studies were excluded if study population was less than 20 participants, intervention included a pharmaceutical intervention or a hospital-based intervention, or study was implemented in limited clinical services. The records were initially screened by title and abstract. The full texts of potentially eligible records were reviewed, and eligible studies were selected for inclusion. For each study included in analysis, the study outcome and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated. For studies including a comparison group, odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95%CIs were calculated. Random effect meta-analysis models were used to calculate the pooled study outcome estimates. Stratified analyses were conducted by study setting, study population, and intervention-specific characteristics. Key findings A total of 61 studies were included in the analysis. A large majority of studies (study n=48, 79%) included single-arm studies with no concurrent control, with seven (12%) randomised controlled trials, and six (10%) non-randomised controlled studies. A total of 109 interventions were evaluated in 61 included studies. On-site or outreach HBV screening and linkage to HBV clinical care coordination were the most frequent interventions, conducted in 27 and 26 studies, respectively. Question 1 We found no studies reporting HBV incidence as the study outcome. One study conducted in remote area demonstrated that an intervention including education of pregnant women and training village health volunteers enhanced coverage of HBV birth dose vaccination (93% post-intervention, vs. 81% pre-intervention), but no data of HBV incidence among infants were reported. Question 2 Study outcomes most relevant to the HBV burden for people in the community with HBV included, HBV diagnosis, linkage to HBV care, and HBV vaccination coverage. Among randomised controlled trials aimed at enhancing HBV screening, a meta-analysis was conducted including three studies which implemented an intervention including community face-to-face education focused on HBV and/or liver cancer among migrants from high HBV prevalence areas. This analysis demonstrated a significantly higher HBV testing uptake in intervention groups with the likelihood of HBV testing 3.6 times higher among those participating in education programs compared to the control groups (OR: 3.62, 95% CI 2.72, 4.88). In another analysis, including 25 studies evaluating an intervention to enhance HBV screening, a pooled estimate of 66% of participants received HBV testing following the study intervention (95%CI: 58-75%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 17-98%; I-square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV screening strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing participants with on-site HBV testing, the proportion receiving HBV testing (80%, 95%CI: 72-87%) was significantly higher compared to the studies referring participants to an external site for HBV testing (54%, 95%CI: 37-71%). In the studies implementing an intervention to enhance linkage of people diagnosed with HBV infection to clinical care, the interventions included different components and varied across studies. The most common component was post-test counselling followed by assistance with scheduling clinical appointments, conducted in 52% and 38% of the studies, respectively. In meta-analysis, a pooled estimate of 73% of people with HBV infection were linked to HBV clinical care (95%CI: 64-81%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 28-100%; I-square: 99.2%). A stratified analysis by study population demonstrated that in the studies among general population in high prevalence countries, 94% of people (95%CI: 88-100%) who received the study intervention were linked to care, significantly higher than 72% (95%CI: 61-83%) in studies among migrants from high prevalence area living in a country with low prevalence. In 19 studies, HBV vaccination uptake was assessed after an intervention, among which one study assessed birth dose vaccination among infants, one study assessed vaccination in elementary school children and 17 studies assessed vaccination in adults. Among studies assessing adult vaccination, a pooled estimate of 38% (95%CI: 21-56%) of people initiated vaccination, with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 0.5-93%; I square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV vaccination strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing on-site vaccination, the uptake was 78% (95%CI: 62-94%), significantly higher compared to 27% (95%CI: 13-42%) in studies referring participants to an external site for vaccination. Conclusion This systematic review identified a wide variety of interventions, mostly multi-component interventions, to enhance HBV screening, linkage to HBV clinical care, and HBV vaccination coverage. High heterogeneity was observed in effectiveness of interventions in all three domains of screening, linkage to care, and vaccination. Strategies identified to boost the effectiveness of interventions included providing on-site HBV testing and vaccination (versus referral for testing and vaccination) and including community education focussed on HBV or liver cancer in an HBV screening program. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of more novel interventions (e.g., point of care testing) and interventions specifically including Indigenous populations, people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, and people incarcerated.
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