Relevant bibliographies by topics / Frequency dissemination

Academic literature on the topic 'Frequency dissemination'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Frequency dissemination"

1

KURIHARA, Noriyuki. "Dissemination Using Low Frequency Radio Station." Journal of The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan 125, no. 8 (2005): 496–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjournal.125.496.

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Droste, Stefan, Thomas Udem, Ronald Holzwarth, and Theodor Wolfgang Hänsch. "Optical frequency dissemination for metrology applications." Comptes Rendus Physique 16, no. 5 (June 2015): 524–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crhy.2015.03.011.

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Li, Qi, Liang Hu, Jinbo Zhang, Jianping Chen, and Guiling Wu. "Fiber Radio Frequency Transfer Using Bidirectional Frequency Division Multiplexing Dissemination." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 33, no. 13 (July 1, 2021): 660–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2021.3086299.

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Yu, Longqiang, Rong Wang, Lin Lu, Yong Zhu, Chuanxin Wu, Baofu Zhang, and Peizhang Wang. "Stable radio frequency dissemination by simple hybrid frequency modulation scheme." Optics Letters 39, no. 18 (September 3, 2014): 5255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.39.005255.

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Bai, Y., B. Wang, X. Zhu, C. Gao, J. Miao, and L. J. Wang. "Fiber-based multiple-access optical frequency dissemination." Optics Letters 38, no. 17 (August 26, 2013): 3333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.38.003333.

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Gao, C., B. Wang, W. L. Chen, Y. Bai, J. Miao, X. Zhu, T. C. Li, and L. J. Wang. "Fiber-based multiple-access ultrastable frequency dissemination." Optics Letters 37, no. 22 (November 9, 2012): 4690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.37.004690.

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Shkurti, Rexhep, Klementina Puto, and Hajdar Kiçaj. "Frequency of Brucellosis Dissemination on the Southern and Southern-East Region of Albania." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 1 (October 1, 2011): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/jan2014/15.

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Yu Bai, Yu Bai, Bo Wang Bo Wang, Chao Gao Chao Gao, Jing Miao Jing Miao, Xi Zhu Xi Zhu, and Lijun Wang Lijun Wang. "Fiber-based radio frequency dissemination for branching networks with passive phase-noise cancelation." Chinese Optics Letters 13, no. 6 (2015): 061201–61204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201513.061201.

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Hou, Dong, Danian Zhang, Fuyu Sun, Yimei Li, and Jie Tian. "Free-space-based multiple-access frequency dissemination with optical frequency comb." Optics Express 26, no. 15 (July 13, 2018): 19199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.26.019199.

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Quan, Honglei, Wenxiang Xue, Wenyu Zhao, Yan Xing, Haifeng Jiang, Wenge Guo, and Shougang Zhang. "Microwave Frequency Dissemination over a 212 km Cascaded Urban Fiber Link with Stability at the 10−18 Level." Photonics 9, no. 6 (June 6, 2022): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9060399.

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To synchronize standard frequency signals between long-distance laboratories, we carried out a frequency dissemination experiment over a 212 km cascaded urban fiber link. This cascaded link was composed of two 106 km fiber links, in which the fiber noise was compensated by two microwave frequency dissemination systems. The two adjacent frequency dissemination systems used different frequency transmitted signals, preventing the influence of signal crosstalk between the received signal of the previous stage and the transmitted signal of the second stage caused by microwave signal leakage. The frequency dissemination over the cascaded link showed a dissemination fractional frequency instability of 6.2 × 10−15 at 1 s and 6.4 × 10−18 at 40,000 s, which is better than the transfer stability over the same 212 km single-stage link.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Frequency dissemination"

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Lessing, Maurice. "Ultra-low-noise frequency synthesis, comparison and dissemination using femtosecond optical frequency combs." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8514.

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This thesis presents research into ultra-low noise photonic microwave synthesis and the development of a novel, frequency comb-based, fibre optic time transfer technique. The focus in the first area is on reducing the noise introduced in the optical-to- electrical conversion process using balanced optical-microwave phase detectors. Two mainly free-space and two mainly fibre-based devices were built and their performance was characterised. The phase noise of the optical-to-electrical conversion of the free-space device was -119 dBc Hz⁻¹ at 1 Hz and -143 dBc Hz⁻¹ at 20 kHz from an 8 GHz carrier which is the best performance reported for a free-space balanced-optical microwave phase detector. The improved fibre-based set-ups demonstrated a state-of-the-art amplitude-to-phase noise suppression of 60 dB and a phase noise of the optical-to-electrical conversion of -131 dBc Hz⁻¹ at 1 Hz and 148 dBc Hz⁻¹ at 20 kHz from an 8 GHz carrier. The novel time transfer technique developed in the second part superimposes timing information onto the optical pulse train of an ITU-channel-filtered frequency comb using an intensity modulation scheme. Time transfer over a 50 km long, delay-stabilised fibre spool produced a state-of-the-art time deviation of 300 fs and an accuracy of approximately 0.01 ns which is close to the best performance achieved using amplitude modulated cw lasers. Using this technique on a 159 km long installed fibre link between NPL and Reading, the same time deviation was achieved and an accuracy of approximately 0.08 ns was obtained, limited by uncertainty of the time interval counter. Using the same fibre link, microwave frequency transfer of the ITU-channel-filtered comb was demonstrated with a fractional frequency instability of 2x10⁻¹⁷ at 5000 s which is approximately at the same level as the best previously reported results which were obtained with a 30 nm wide optical frequency comb.
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Daum, Sebastian [Verfasser], and Fabian [Akademischer Betreuer] Kuhn. "The power of frequency hopping and information dissemination in constrained communication models." Freiburg : Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1119247276/34.

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Pöppe, Thomas [Verfasser], Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Schiereck, and Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Benlian. "Information Asymmetry and Information Dissemination in High-Frequency Capital Markets / Thomas Pöppe. Betreuer: Dirk Schiereck ; Alexander Benlian." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1112142002/34.

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Penrod, Bruce M. "A NEW CLASS OF PRECISION UTC AND FREQUENCY REFERENCE USING IS-95 CDMA BASE STATION TRANSMISSIONS." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605296.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 18-21, 2004 / Town & Country Resort, San Diego, California
A new class of precision timing and frequency reference is introduced that indirectly receives GPS timing and frequency information via TIA/EIA Standard IS-95 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) mobile telecommunications base station transmissions. Like cell phones, these products operate indoors without external antennas and provide accuracy, low cost and ease of installation. The technology fits particularly well in IP network synchronization and quality-of-service monitoring applications where rooftop antenna installation is often impossible. The salient characteristics of the IS-95 CDMA signals that make them suitable for this purpose and a general CDMA timing receiver architecture are described. Performance data versus similar references that use conventional GPS reception are also presented.
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Pöppe, Thomas. "Information Asymmetry and Information Dissemination in High-Frequency Capital Markets." Phd thesis, 2016. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/5354/1/Thomas%20Poeppe%20Dissertation_v1.2_Publikation.pdf.

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This dissertation is concerned with information asymmetry and information dissemination in high-frequency capital markets. At the intersection of information dissemination and asymmetry with market microstructure, this dissertation pursues three major goals. We propose enhancements to market microstructure methodology to be able to empirically conduct research on information dissemination and asymmetry on recent, high-frequency trading data. Second, we empirically evaluate related microstructure methodology to test its robustness and guide researchers in its application. Third, we employ the proposed methodology to evaluate the efficacy of different information channels, both traditional, legislation-based and new, technology-based channels.
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Books on the topic "Frequency dissemination"

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Allum, Peter. Economic data dissemination: What influences country performance on frequency and timeliness? [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, Middle Eastern Department, 2001.

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Pinelli, Thomas E. NASA/DoD aerospace knowledge diffusion research project: summary report to phase 3 faculty and student respondents including frequency distributions. Hampton, VA: Langley Research Center, 1991.

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Pinelli, Thomas E. NASA/DoD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project: Summary report to phase 3 academic library respondents including frequency distributions. Hampton, Va: Langley Research Center, 1991.

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Madar, Heather, ed. Prints as Agents of Global Exchange. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462987906.

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The significance of the media and communications revolution occasioned by printmaking was profound. Less a part of the standard narrative of printmaking’s significance is recognition of the frequency with which the widespread dissemination of printed works also occurred beyond the borders of Europe and consideration of the impact of this broader movement of printed objects. Within a decade of the invention of the printing press, European prints began to move globally. Over the course of the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries, numerous prints produced in Europe traveled to areas as varied as Turkey, India, Persia, Ethiopia, China, Japan and the Americas, where they were taken by missionaries, artists, travelers, merchants and diplomats. This collection of essays explores the transmission of knowledge, both written and visual, between Europe and the rest of the world by means of prints in the early modern period.
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Ciappei, Cristiano, ed. Innovazione e brokeraggio tecnologico. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-983-0.

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This book is designed to furnish Italian literature with an insight into the significance and the role of knowledge transfer, and in particular of technological brokerage. The idea is that, in the present-day world, dominated by a technology and knowledge available to an increasingly large number of people, enterprises are called upon to reconfigure the concept of innovation, expanding in even geographical terms the quest for solutions that aim at creating an exchange of interdisciplinary knowledge. To respond to the need for the dissemination of knowledge, collaboration between enterprises and the use of brokers appears to be the easiest solution. This can contribute to reducing the inefficacy of the markets and hence to facilitating the technological transactions. In this context the role of the brokers is fundamental in the knowledge markets in general, and in particular in that of technology, spawned by the need for an increasingly complex brokerage of knowledge, between applicant and user. In traditional markets, in effect, transactions can be conducted directly by the enterprises and may deal with current or future technology, but there is also the possibility of indirect transactions, involving the intermediation of specialised brokers. The emergence of these brokers is due to the frequent presence of structural gaps in the real markets which do not permit the normal flow of information: in practice, it is rare for every agent in a market to be connected with all the other agents that may important for him.
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Aga, Mehmet, and Peter Allum. Economic Data Dissemination: What Influences Country Performance on Frequency and Timiliness? International Monetary Fund, 2001.

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Aga, Mehmet, and Peter Allum. Economic Data Dissemination: What Influences Country Performance on Frequency and Timiliness? International Monetary Fund, 2001.

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Aga, Mehmet, and Peter Allum. Economic Data Dissemination: What Influences Country Performance on Frequency and Timiliness? International Monetary Fund, 2001.

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9

Abdulkader, Rita, and Richard A. Watts. Mycobacterial diseases. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0103.

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The main diseases caused by mycobacterial infection are tuberculosis (TB) and leprosy. Despite a fall in the prevalence of these diseases over the last decade, they are still significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Atypical mycobacterial infections are encountered less frequently. Immigration patterns, the frequency of human immunodeficiency infection, and the increased numbers of patients on immunosuppressive treatments render mycobacterial infections relevant not only to physicians in the developing world where they traditionally occurred but also in the developed world. Skeletal TB occurs in 1–3% of cases of TB infection, and is more frequently encountered in the immunocompromised. A high index of suspicion is required, diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical features and radiological, histological, and microbiological tests. Multidrug regimens are required for treatment with surgery in selected cases. Leprosy is caused by M. leprae infection. The disease is still a leading cause of disability worldwide. Diagnosis is usually clinical. The course of the disease is indolent but may be interrupted by acute inflammatory reactions, which contribute to nerve damage and disability. Treatment aims at eliminating the mycobacteria using multidrug regimens, and management of complications including leprosy reactions and long-term nerve damage. Atypical mycobacterial infections affecting bone and joints are uncommon; they usually follow direct inoculation of the pathogen. Haematogenous dissemination is encountered in immunocompromised patients. These microorganisms are not usually susceptible to the same drug regimens used in the treatment of tuberculosis.
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Madar, Heather, ed. Prints as Agents of Global Exchange. Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9789048540013.

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The significance of the media and communications revolution occasioned by printmaking was profound. Less a part of the standard narrative of printmaking's significance is recognition of the frequency with which the widespread dissemination of printed works also occurred beyond the borders of Europe and consideration of the impact of this broader movement of printed objects. Within a decade of the invention of the printing press, European prints began to move globally. Over the course of the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries, numerous prints produced in Europe traveled to areas as varied as Turkey, India, Persia, Ethiopia, China, Japan and the Americas, where they were taken by missionaries, artists, travelers, merchants and diplomats. This collection of essays explores the transmission of knowledge, both written and visual, between Europe and the rest of the world by means of prints in the Early Modern period.
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Book chapters on the topic "Frequency dissemination"

1

Chen, Wei, Dan Xu, Nan Cheng, Qin Liu, Fei Yang, Youzhen Z. Gui, and Haiwen W. Cai. "Fiber Based Radio Frequency Dissemination Scheme to Multiple Users." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 379–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46632-2_33.

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Nkuba, Michael Robert, Raban Chanda, Gagoitseope Mmopelwa, Akintayo Adedoyin, Margaret Najjingo Mangheni, David Lesolle, and Edward Kato. "Indigenous and Scientific Forecasts on Climate Change Perceptions of Arable Farmers: Rwenzori Region, Western Uganda." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1685–703. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_113.

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AbstractDespite the dissemination of climate information from national meteorological systems, arable farmers still have challenges of dealing with climate-related risks. This study investigated the effect of using indigenous knowledge-based forecasts (IFs) and scientific knowledge-based forecasts (SFs) on the climate change perceptions of arable farmers in the Rwenzori region, Western Uganda. Data on socio-economic characteristics, use of forecasts, and climate change perceptions was collected from 580 arable farmers and the probit model was used in the analysis. The findings indicated that use of IFs only increased the likelihood of perceiving increase in the frequency in occurrences of droughts and floods. Using both SFs and IFs had a significant positive effect on perception of unpredictable rains and the increase in drought incidence among arable farmers. Although forecasts are important drivers of perceptions, other factors, such as gender, social capital, and dissemination of climate change information by radio, enhance climate change perceptions. Active participation of arable farmers in the dissemination of forecasts by national meteorological services could improve perceptions of climate related risks.
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Masuda, Yosuke, Takashi Oka, Erika Yoshinari, Takaaki Nishida, and Tadashi Ikeda. "Analysis of the Description of the Multifunctionality of Farmland in the Administrative Plans of Local Municipalities." In Ecological Research Monographs, 487–501. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6791-6_29.

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AbstractFarmland has various beneficial functions, such as flood control, water purification, and habitat provision, in addition to food production. These functions are highly compatible with green infrastructure, and the use of farmland as green infrastructure has been discussed in recent years. In order to utilize these functions of farmland, it is preferable to include their usefulness and utilization measures in administrative plans and link them to actual projects. In this research, we collected eight types of administrative plans from local governments across Japan that could be related to the multifunctionality of farmland and reviewed the extent to which they contain descriptions of the multifunctionality of farmland as basic information for promoting the utilization of the multifunctionality of farmland. As a result, we discovered that farmland’s multifunctionality was incorporated into the plans of many municipalities. Municipalities with a certain population size and a high financial strength index, in particular, tended to mention the multifunctional role of farmland in their plans more frequently. In addition, we found that some of the functions were mentioned less frequently in the plans. While descriptions of “conservation of natural environment” and “landscape/culture formation and recreation” were common in many plans, descriptions of “disaster mitigation and response” and “water and food supply” in times of disaster were less common. Finally, we drew some recommendations that can be used as a reference for future planning and project promotion, including dissemination of knowledge and information of farmland’s multifunctionality to government and citizens.
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"Time Scales and Time Dissemination." In Frequency Standards, 387–420. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527605991.ch12.

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"The Frequency and Dissemination of ‮כָּבוֹד‬‎." In The Kābôd of Yhwh in the Old Testament, 52–117. BRILL, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004307650_004.

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Seoane, Fernando, Ramón Bragos, Kaj Lindecrantz, and Pere Riu. "Current Source Design for Electrical Bioimpedance Spectroscopy." In Encyclopedia of Healthcare Information Systems, 359–67. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-889-5.ch047.

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The passive electrical properties of biological tissue have been studied since the 1920s, and with time, the use of Electrical Bioimpedance (EBI) in medicine has successfully spread (Schwan, 1999). Since the electrical properties of tissue are frequency-dependent (Schwan, 1957), observations of the bioimpedance spectrum have created the discipline of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), a discipline that has experienced a development closely related to the progress of electronic instrumentation and the dissemination of EBI technology through medicine.
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Stephen, G. "Utilization of ICT-Based Resources and Services in Engineering College Libraries." In Literacy Skill Development for Library Science Professionals, 318–42. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7125-4.ch014.

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Application of ICT in libraries has helped librarians and information specialists and researchers improve their information products and services through enhanced search outcomes in terms of specificities of documents retrieval, provision/dissemination, and use of requisite information retrieved or generated. The study shows the gender distribution of respondents' frequency of using ICT-based resources and services. It is evident that 57.43% male and 42.57% female respondents using ICT-based resources and services on a daily basis, and 54.67% male and 45.33% female respondents were using 2-3 times in a week.
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Stephen, G. "Utilization of ICT-Based Resources and Services in Engineering College Libraries." In Research Anthology on Collaboration, Digital Services, and Resource Management for the Sustainability of Libraries, 926–44. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8051-6.ch051.

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Application of ICT in libraries has helped librarians and information specialists and researchers improve their information products and services through enhanced search outcomes in terms of specificities of documents retrieval, provision/dissemination, and use of requisite information retrieved or generated. The study shows the gender distribution of respondents' frequency of using ICT-based resources and services. It is evident that 57.43% male and 42.57% female respondents using ICT-based resources and services on a daily basis, and 54.67% male and 45.33% female respondents were using 2-3 times in a week.
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Palmini, André, and Eliseu Paglioli. "The Irritative Zone and Seizure Onset Zone in Acute ECOG: The Quest for Relevant Epileptogenic Tissue." In Invasive Studies of the Human Epileptic Brain, edited by Samden D. Lhatoo, Philippe Kahane, and Hans O. Lüders, 120–30. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198714668.003.0010.

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Acute intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) is a time-honoured technique to identify the relevant epileptogenic tissue (RET) and hence guide cortical resection to control medically refractory seizures. ECoG identifies the RET through careful analysis of pattern, morphology, frequency, and localization of interictal spikes recorded directly from the exposed cortical surface. Because the development and dissemination of chronic intracranial EEG recording techniques has put emphasis on ictal recordings (thus defining an ictal onset zone), acute ECoG is often considered unnecessary in surgical planning. The chapter describes limitations and advantages of acute ECoG to define the RET in comparison with more costly and risky procedures, particularly subdural grid and SEEG recording. Specifically, it shows how the integration of lesion type and sequentially recorded ECoG spikes during operation may provide a highly cost-effective approach to successful epilepsy surgery.
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Abdulkader, Rita, and Richard A. Watts. "Mycobacterial diseases." In Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology, 788–93. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0103_update_001.

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The main diseases caused by mycobacterial infection are tuberculosis (TB) and leprosy. Despite a fall in the prevalence of these diseases over the last decade, they are still significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Atypical mycobacterial infections are encountered less frequently. Immigration patterns, the frequency of human immunodeficiency infection, and the increased numbers of patients on immunosuppressive treatments render mycobacterial infections relevant not only to physicians in the developing world where they traditionally occurred but also in the developed world. Skeletal TB occurs in 1–3% of cases of TB infection, and is more frequently encountered in the immunocompromised. A high index of suspicion is required, diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical features and radiological, histological, and microbiological tests. Multidrug regimens are required for treatment with surgery in selected cases. Leprosy is caused by M. leprae infection. The disease is still a leading cause of disability worldwide. Diagnosis is usually clinical. The course of the disease is indolent but may be interrupted by acute inflammatory reactions, which contribute to nerve damage and disability. Treatment aims at eliminating the mycobacteria using multidrug regimens, and management of complications including leprosy reactions and long-term nerve damage. Atypical mycobacterial infections affecting bone and joints are uncommon; they usually follow direct inoculation of the pathogen. Haematogenous dissemination is encountered in immunocompromised patients. These microorganisms are not usually susceptible to the same drug regimens used in the treatment of tuberculosis.
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Conference papers on the topic "Frequency dissemination"

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Zhao, Cuichen, Wenyu Zhao, Lulu Yan, Yanyan Zhang, Pan Zhang, Wenxiang Xue, Shougang Zhang, and Haifeng Jiang. "Microwave Frequency Dissemination at NTSC." In 2019 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium anEuropean Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF/IFC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fcs.2019.8855998.

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Grosche, G., O. Terra, S. M. F. Raupach, U. Sterr, H. Schnatz, A. Pape, J. Friebe, et al. "Frequency dissemination at the 19th decimal place." In 2012 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eftf.2012.6502416.

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Clivati, C., D. Calonico, F. Levi, A. Mura, G. Bolognini, S. Faralli, and N. Poli. "Distributed Raman Amplification for long-haul optical frequency dissemination." In 2013 Joint European Frequency and Time Forum & International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eftf-ifc.2013.6702168.

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Lopez, O., B. Chanteau, V. Roncin, F. Kefelian, Ch Chardonnet, A. Amy-Klein, H. Jiang, A. Haboucha, and G. Santarelli. "Multiplexed optical link for ultra-stable frequency dissemination." In 2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (FCS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/freq.2010.5556252.

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Tseng, Wen-Hung, Sammy Siu, Shinn-Yan Lin, and Chia-Shu Liao. "Precise UTC dissemination through future telecom synchronization networks." In 2015 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium & the European Frequency and Time Forum (FCS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fcs.2015.7138937.

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Bai, Y., B. Wang, C. Gao, W. L. Chen, J. Miao, X. Zhu, and L. J. Wang. "Fiber-based multiple-access ultrastable radio and optical frequency dissemination." In 2013 Joint European Frequency and Time Forum & International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eftf-ifc.2013.6702187.

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Narbonneau, F., M. Lours, O. Lopez, C. Daussy, S. D. Chambon, S. Bize, A. A. Klein, C. Chardonnet, A. Clairon, and G. Santarelli. "Ultra-stable ground frequency dissemination via optical fibres." In 18th European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF 2004). IEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20040853.

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Giunta, D., G. Busca, A. Della Torre, M. Vitta, V. De Perini, R. Grimoldi, X. Stehlin, and P. Rochat. "Recent developments in time & frequency dissemination systems." In 18th European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF 2004). IEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20040922.

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Lopez, O., A. Amy-Klein, H. Jiang, B. Chanteau, A. Haboucha, V. Roncin, F. Kefelian, Ch Chardonnet, and G. Santarelli. "Multiplexed optical link for ultra-stable frequency dissemination." In EFTF-2010 24th European Frequency and Time Forum. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eftf.2010.6533647.

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Niculescu, A., and M. Angelescu. "Time dissemination via telephone lines using commercial modems." In 18th European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF 2004). IEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20040847.

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Reports on the topic "Frequency dissemination"

1

Davidson, Irit, Hsing-Jien Kung, and Richard L. Witter. Molecular Interactions between Herpes and Retroviruses in Dually Infected Chickens and Turkeys. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7575275.bard.

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Abstract:
Tumors in commercial poultry are caused mainly by infection with avian herpes and retroviruses, the herpesvirus Marek's disease virus (MDV) and the retroviruses, reticuloendotheliosis (REV), lymphoid leukosis, subgroups A-I and J (ALV and ALV-J) in chickens, or Iymphoprolipherative disease (LPDV) in turkeys. Infection with one virus aggravates the clinical outcome of birds that are already infected by another oncogenic virus. As these viruses do not interfere for infection, MDV and one or more retroviruses can infect the same flock, the same bird and the same cell. While infecting the same cell, herpes and retroviruses might interact in at least three ways: a) Integration of retrovirus genomes, or genomic fragments (mainly the LTR) into MDV;b) alteration of LTR-driven expression of retroviral genes by MDV immediate- early genes, and c) by herpesvirus induced cellular transcriptional factors. The first type of molecular interaction have been demonstrated to happen efficiently in vitro by Dr. Kung, in cases multiple infection of cell cultures with MDV and REV or MDV and ALV. Moreover, Dr. Witter showed that an in vitro-created recombinant, RM1, had altered in vitro replication and in vivo biological properties. A more comprehensive characterization of RM1 was carried out in the present project. We sought to highlight whether events of such integrations occur also in the bird, in vivo. For that, we had first to determine the prevalence of dually-infected individual birds in commercial flocks, as no systematic survey has been yet reported. Surprisingly, about 25% of the commercial flocks infected with avian oncogenic viruses had a multiple virus infection and 5% of the total samples ana lysed had multiple virus sequences. Then, we aimed to evaluate and characterize biologically and molecularly the resulting recombinants, if formed, and to analyse the factors that affect these events (virus strains, type and age of birds and time interval between the infection with both viruses). The perception of retrovirus insertions into herpesviruses in vivo is not banal, as the in vivo and in vitro systems differ in the viral-target cells, lymphocytes or fibroblasts, in the MDV-replicative type, transforming or productive, and the immune system presence. We realized that previous methods employed to study in vitro created recombinant viruses were not adequate for the study of samples taken directly from the bird. Therefore, the Hot Spot-combined PCR was developed based on the molecularly known RM1 virus. Also, the PFGE that was used for tissue cultured-MDV separation was inefficient for separating MDV from organs, but useful with feather tips as a source of bird original MDV. Much attention was dedicated now to feathers, because if a recombinant virus would be formed in vivo, its biological significance would be evident by horizontal dissemination through the feathers. Major findings were: a) not only in vitro, but also in vivo MDV and retrovirus co-infections lead to LTR integrations into MDV. That was shown by the detection of chimeric molecules. These appeared in low quantities and as quasispecies, thus interfering with sequence analysis of cloned gel-purified chimeric molecules. Mainly inserts were located in the repeat long MDV fragments. In field birds chimeric molecules were detected at a lower frequency (2.5%) than in experimentally infected birds (30-50%). These could be transmitted experimentally to another birds by inoculation with chimeric molecules containing blood. Several types of chimeric molecules were formed, and same types were detected in birds infected by a second round. To reproduce viral integrations, in vivo infection trials were done with field inoculate that contained both viruses, but the chimeric molecule yield was undetectable.
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