Journal articles: 'Frequency dependent transmission line emulation'

1

Gustavsen, B. "Validation of Frequency-Dependent Transmission Line Models." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 20, no. 2 (April 2005): 925–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2004.837676.

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Gustavsen, B. "Frequency-dependent transmission line modeling utilizing transposed conditions." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 17, no. 3 (July 2002): 834–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2002.1022812.

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Gustavsen, B. "Frequency Dependent Transmission Line Modeling Utilizing Transposed Conditions." IEEE Power Engineering Review 22, no. 5 (May 2002): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.2002.4312226.

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4

Castellanos, F., and J. R. Marti. "Full frequency-dependent phase-domain transmission line model." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 12, no. 3 (1997): 1331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.630478.

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Yang, Jian Wei, Ping Chen, Yu Zhang, Zhu Ma Yu, and Xin Long Liu. "Study of Breeze Vibration of Overhead Transmission Lines with Dampers Using FEM Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 940 (June 2014): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.940.65.

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The vertical, steady-state breeze vibration of transmission line with dampers attached are studied using FEM analysis. The lines are simulated by cable element, the dampers by mass element and beam element. The parameters of FEM emulation mode such as breeze vibration force, the conductor self-damping and dampers damping are emphasized by the energy equivalent theory. The breeze vibration force induced by vortex is educed by wind power curve, the hysteresis damping and friction damping of conductor and damper are translated into viscous damping. Results of the FEM emulation show the calculation accuracy of natural frequency of dampers, and prove that it can effectively restrain breeze vibration of transmission lines by installing dampers. The method lays foundation for further research on protecting breeze vibration of transmission lines.

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Huang, F. "Frequency dependent transmission line loss in quasitransversal microwave filters." IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation 141, no. 5 (1994): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-map:19941259.

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Mishra, Arbind Kumar, Naoto Nagaoka, and Akhihiro Ametani. "A frequency dependent transmission line model for a counterpoise." IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering 1, no. 1 (2006): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tee.20005.

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Mishra, Arbind Kumar, Naoto Nagaoka, and Akhihiro Ametani. "A frequency dependent transmission line model for a counterpoise." IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering 1, no. 1 (2006): v—vi. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tee.20014.

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Mazumdar, Sushmit, and Kaushik Basu. "Hardware Emulation of Energization of a Long Transmission Line by High-Frequency Power Electronic Converter." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 35, no. 9 (September 2020): 9267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2020.2973543.

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Guo, Jing, Gui Shu Liang, and Xin Liu. "Frequency-Dependent Transmission Line Fractional Model and its Solution Based on Skin Effect." Applied Mechanics and Materials 457-458 (October 2013): 1208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.457-458.1208.

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Due to the continuous increasing of operating frequency in the power system and the transmission speed, under the high frequencies of the transmission line calculation and simulation process, it is necessary to consider the frequency-dependent properties. At present, the frequency-dependent transmission line modeling has a variety of methods, but in the modeling and calculation of frequency variable term, processing is relatively complicated. This article will introduce transmission line equation of fractional calculus, intuitive representation of frequency varying parameters, and by a time-domain fractional solution, simplify the operation, improve the computational efficiency. Application of this algorithm for fractional differential equations can be obtained the voltage and current responses at any point in the transmission line. Thesis also by comparison with actual example, confirmed the validity and feasibility of the algorithm. At the same time, proposed algorithm can be extended to the multiple conductor transmission lines of fractional order model, also has certain applicability.

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KIM, Jiseong, Eakhwan SONG, Jeonghyeon CHO, Yujeong SHIM, Gawon KIM, and Joungho KIM. "Frequency-Dependent Transmission Line Model of a Stranded Coaxial Cable." IEICE Transactions on Electronics E93-C, no. 1 (2010): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transele.e93.c.112.

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12

Fernandes, A. B., and W. L. A. Neves. "Phase-Domain Transmission Line Models Considering Frequency-Dependent Transformation Matrices." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 19, no. 2 (April 2004): 708–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2003.822536.

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de Lima, Antonio Carlos Siqueira, and Carlos Portela. "Inclusion of Frequency-Dependent Soil Parameters in Transmission-Line Modeling." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 22, no. 1 (January 2007): 492–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2006.881582.

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Naidu, S. R., and F. N. de Lima. "A frequency-dependent transmission line model for electromagnetic transient studies." IEE Proceedings C Generation, Transmission and Distribution 132, no. 6 (1985): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-c.1985.0049.

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Rambousky, R., J. Nitsch, and H. Garbe. "Matching the termination of radiating non-uniform transmission-lines." Advances in Radio Science 11 (July 4, 2013): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-11-259-2013.

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Abstract. In this contribution a concept of matching the termination of radiating non-uniform transmission-lines is proposed. Using Transmission-Line Super Theory, position and frequency dependent line parameters can be obtained. Therefore, a characteristic impedance can be determined which is also position and frequency dependent. For a single wire transmission-line it could be shown that the maximum value of that characteristic impedance is an optimal termination in the sense of minimizing the variation of the current on the line. This indicates that matching is not a local effect at the position of the concentrated load but a cooperative process including the whole non-uniform transmission-line. In addition this choice of termination minimizes the variation of the radiated power over frequency.

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Challa, Kiran Kumar, and Gurunath Gurrala. "Development of an Experimental Scaled-Down Frequency Dependent Transmission Line Model." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 64639–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3075906.

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17

Semlyen, A., and A. Deri. "Time Domain Modeling of Frequency Dependent Three-Phase Transmission Line Impedance." IEEE Power Engineering Review PER-5, no. 6 (June 1985): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1985.5526662.

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Naidu, S. R., and F. N. de Lima. "Erratum: A frequency-dependent transmission line model for electromagnetic transient studies." IEE Proceedings C Generation, Transmission and Distribution 133, no. 1 (1986): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-c.1986.0012.

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19

AL-GHUWAINEM, S. M. "TIME-DOMAIN MODELING OF FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT THREE-PHASE TRANSMISSION LINE RESISTANCE." Electric Machines & Power Systems 19, no. 1 (January 1991): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07313569108909507.

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Semlyen, A., and A. Deri. "Time Domain Modelling of Frequency Dependent Three-Phase Transmission Line Impedance." IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems PAS-104, no. 6 (June 1985): 1549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpas.1985.319171.

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21

Lyachin, V. S. "Estimating transmission line mismatch under thermal exposure conditions." Journal of «Almaz – Antey» Air and Space Defence Corporation, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.38013/2542-0542-2021-2-15-20.

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The paper introduces a methodology for and the results of estimating transmission line mismatch when carrying out measurements of frequency-dependent parameters of radio and electronic equipment of military-purpose complexes and systems under climatic testing conditions.

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22

Gu, G., Y. E. Yang, and J. A. Kong. "Transient Analysis of Frequency-Dependent Transmission Line Systems Terminated with Nonlinear Loads." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 3, no. 3 (January 1, 1989): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156939389x00430.

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23

Coperich, K. M., J. Morsey, V. I. Okhmatovski, A. C. Cangellaris, and A. E. Ruehli. "Systematic development of transmission-line models for interconnects with frequency-dependent losses." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 49, no. 10 (2001): 1677–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/22.954771.

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Shengtao Fan, Yunhua Li, Xiaqing Li, and Luyan Bi. "A Method for the Calculation of Frequency-Dependent Transmission Line Transformation Matrices." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 24, no. 2 (May 2009): 552–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2009.2016381.

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25

Marti, Jose R., and Arash Tavighi. "Frequency-Dependent Multiconductor Transmission Line Model With Collocated Voltage and Current Propagation." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 33, no. 1 (February 2018): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2017.2691343.

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26

Tian, Qiaoling, Xiaoting Chen, Xiaoning Zhao, Zhongqiang Wang, Ya Lin, Ye Tao, Haiyang Xu, and Yichun Liu. "Temperature-modulated switching behaviors of diffusive memristor for biorealistic emulation of synaptic plasticity." Applied Physics Letters 122, no. 15 (April 10, 2023): 153502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0142742.

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Temperature is known as an important factor in biological synaptic transmission. In this study, temperature-modulated switching behaviors are reported in an amorphous carbon (a-C) diffusive memristor device to emulate biorealistic synaptic plasticity. The devices exhibit memory switching and threshold switching behaviors depending on the compliance current and ambient temperature. As confirmed by conducting atomic force microscopy, the thermal effect can promote the electrochemical formation of a stable metallic conductive filament. A series of timing-controlled pulse experiments are carried out to study the temperature effect on the switching characteristics, and the device shows second-order memristive behaviors. Frequency-dependent synaptic plasticity and timing-controlled spike-time-dependent plasticity are demonstrated in the device, which are analogous to the synaptic strength in a biological synapse at elevated temperatures. As a proof of concept, the forgetting behavior of numerical images learned at different temperatures and different pulse durations is conceptually emulated with synaptic device arrays. It is expected the present device with second order memristive behaviors provides alternatives for biorealistic synaptic applications.

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27

Rambousky, R., J. Nitsch, and S. Tkachenko. "Application of transmission-line super theory to classical transmission lines with risers." Advances in Radio Science 13 (November 3, 2015): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-13-161-2015.

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Abstract. By applying the Transmission-Line Super Theory (TLST) to a practical transmission-line configuration (two risers and a horizontal part of the line parallel to the ground plane) it is elaborated under which physical and geometrical conditions the horizontal part of the transmission-line can be represented by a classical telegrapher equation with a sufficiently accurate description of the physical properties of the line. The risers together with the part of the horizontal line close to them are treated as separate lines using the TLST. Novel frequency and local dependent reflection coefficients are introduced to take into account the action of the bends and their radiation. They can be derived from the matrizant elements of the TLST solution. It is shown that the solution of the resulting network and the TLST solution of the entire line agree for certain line configurations. The physical and geometrical parameters for these corresponding configurations are determined in this paper.

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28

Gholinejhad, J., R. Shariatinasab, and K. Sheshyekani. "Probabilistic Assessment of Lightning Related Risk of Transmission Lines Based on Frequency Dependent Modeling of Tower-Footing Grounding System." Advanced Electromagnetics 7, no. 1 (February 10, 2018): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v7i1.613.

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This paper presents a probabilistic evaluation, based on Monte-Carlo method, for the estimation of insulation risk of failure of overhead transmission lines (TLs). The proposed method takes into account the wide-band model of tower-footing grounding system. The wide-band model of grounding system in frequency domain is obtained by the method of moment solution to the governing electrical field integral equations. The electrical parameters of soil are considered to be either constant or frequency dependent. The time-domain representation of the grounding system is inferred through pole-zero characterization of its associated frequency response. The case of a typical 400-kV transmission line is modelled in EMTP_RV with the tower-footing grounding system integrated with the transmission line (TL) system. The results of the paper show that the failure risk of transmission lines is affected by the grounding system model. This effect is more pronounced when the soil electrical parameters are assumed to be frequency dependent.

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Tavares, M. C., J. Pissolato, and C. M. Portela. "Quasi-modes three-phase transmission line model — comparison with existing frequency dependent models." Electric Power Systems Research 56, no. 2 (November 2000): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7796(00)00096-1.

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30

Semlyen, A., and A. Deri. "Correction to "Time Domain Modelling of Frequency Dependent Three- Phase Transmission Line Impedance"." IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems PAS-104, no. 9 (September 1985): 2577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpas.1985.319022.

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31

Peres, Pedro L. D., Carlos R. de Souza, and Ivanil S. Bonatti. "ABCD Matrix: A Unique Tool for Linear Two-Wire Transmission Line Modelling." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 40, no. 3 (July 2003): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijeee.40.3.5.

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The aim of this note is to show that all the behaviour of a two-wire transmission line can be directly derived from the application of ABCD matrix mathematical concepts, avoiding the explicit use of differential equations. An important advantage of this approach is that the transmission line modelling arises naturally in the frequency domain. Therefore the consideration of frequency-dependent parameters can be carried out in a simple way compared with the time-domain. Some standard examples of transmission lines are analysed through the use of ABCD matrices and a case study of a balun network is presented.

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32

Leon Colqui, Jaimis Sajid Leon, Rodolfo Antônio Ribeiro de Ribeiro de Moura, Marco Aurélio De Oliveira De Oliveira Schroeder, José Pissolato Filho, and Sérgio Kurokawa. "The Impact of Transmission Line Modeling on Lightning Overvoltage." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 27, 2023): 1343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031343.

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In most of the work that investigates the backflashover phenomenon due to direct lightning strikes, using EMT-type simulators, transmission lines are represented by the J. Marti model and the ground effect is computed employing J. R. Carson’s formulations. Thus, the ground displacement current is neglected, the line voltage definition corresponds to the wire potential formulation, and soil resistivity is considered frequency-independent. These considerations can lead to erroneous measurements of the occurrences of the backflashover phenomenon in the insulator strings of transmission line. In this sense, this paper presents a systematic sensitivity analysis study of lightning overvoltage in insulator strings considering more physically consistent models of the transmission line, which consider the displacement current, ground admittance correction, rigorous voltage definition, and frequency-dependent soil parameters. According to the results, for the case study, transmission line parameters modeling can present a maximum percentual difference of around 71.54%, considering the frequency range of first strokes. This difference leads to a percent difference of around 5.25% in the maximum overvoltage across the insulator strings. These differences confirm that the occurrence or not of backflashover in the insulator strings, including the disruption time, are sensitive to the line model considered.

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Leon Colqui, Jaimis Sajid, Luis Timaná, Pablo Torrez Caballero, José Pissolato Filho, and Sérgio Kurokawa. "Implementation of an Alternative Frequency-Dependent Three-Phase Transmission Line Model Based on the Folded Line Equivalent Model in MatLab-Simulink." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 9302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249302.

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This paper proposes an alternative multiconductor transmission line model that combines the folded line equivalent with the modal transformation. The folded line equivalent decomposes the nodal admittance matrix of a transmission line into its open-circuit and short-circuit contributions. These contributions are fitted to rational functions, which are associated with Norton equivalent circuits based on their state space models. The proposed model uses an orthogonal matrix to transform voltages and currents from the phase domain to the folded line equivalent domain and vice versa. Because the transformation matrix is orthogonal, we represent it using ideal transformers in simulation software. First, we use a circuit representation of Clarke’s matrix to decompose a transmission line into its modes. Then, each mode is decomposed into its open-circuit and short-circuit contributions using a circuit implementation of the proposed matrix. The proposed approach can accurately represent short lines in simulations with time steps equal to or greater than the propagation time of the transmission line. We compare the results obtained with the proposed approach to those obtained with power systems computer-aided design/electromagnetic transients including the DC universal line model.

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34

Lebedev, V. D., N. V. Kuzmina, and G. A. Filatova. "Study of mathematical approaches to determine frequency-dependent impedance of over-head power transmission line." Vestnik IGEU, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.3.024-034.

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Mathematical modeling of a power transmission line (PTL) is an important issue for a wide range of tasks in the electric power industry. Mathematical modeling is necessary when studying the transient processes in electric power systems. Analytical expressions that allow modeling power transmission lines in a wide frequency range, including low frequencies and direct current, make it possible to study the operation of relay protection and automation devices in various modes and improve the accuracy of devices of fault location. It is important not only to obtain analytical expressions to determine the frequency dependences of the resistance, but also to verify these expressions in comparison with more accurate methods based on the finite elements method (FEM). The study has been carried out using a mathematical tools based on cylindrical Bessel functions. To develop formulas, it is necessary to determine the constants of integration based on boundary conditions. To verify the obtained expressions, modeling has been performed in the COMSOL Multiphysics software package, which is based on the FEM. The article presents a study of the internal resistance of the wires of power transmission line using the example of AC 185/24 wire. An analytical expression has been obtained to determine the internal complex resistance of a bimetallic wire. The reliability of the obtained expressions is confirmed by the convergence of the simulation results in comparison with the results of simulation modeling in Comsol software and mathematical modeling using known analytical expressions. The proposed approach to determine the internal resistance of a wire makes it possible to get more accurate analytic definition of characteristics of an overhead power transmission line. And thus, to design more qualitative models to analyze transient processes in power transmission lines and investigate the operation of relay protection devices. The wire models developed in Comsol software can be considered as more accurate in a wide range of frequencies.

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LAZARIDES, NIKOS, VASSILIS PALTOGLOU, and G. P. TSIRONIS. "NONLINEAR MAGNETOINDUCTIVE TRANSMISSION LINES." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 21, no. 08 (August 2011): 2147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127411029689.

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Power transmission in one-dimensional nonlinear magnetic metamaterials driven at one end is investigated numerically and analytically in a wide frequency range. The nonlinear magnetic metamaterials are composed of varactor-loaded split-ring resonators which are coupled magnetically through their mutual inductances, forming thus a magnetoiductive transmission line. In the linear limit, significant power transmission along the array only appears for frequencies inside the linear magnetoinductive wave band. We present analytical, closed form solutions for the magnetoinductive waves transmitting the power in this regime, and their discrete frequency dispersion. When nonlinearity is important, more frequency bands with significant power transmission along the array may appear. In the equivalent circuit picture, the nonlinear magnetoiductive transmission line driven at one end by a relatively weak electromotive force, can be modeled by coupled resistive-inductive-capacitive (RLC) circuits with voltage-dependent capacitance. Extended numerical simulations reveal that power transmission along the array is also possible in other than the linear frequency bands, which are located close to the nonlinear resonances of a single nonlinear RLC circuit. Moreover, the effectiveness of power transmission for driving frequencies in the nonlinear bands is comparable to that in the linear band. Power transmission in the nonlinear bands occurs through the linear modes of the system, and it is closely related to the instability of a mode that is localized at the driven site.

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36

Zhou, Yinghui, Zhengyu Huang, Lihua Shi, and Shangchen Fu. "Analysis of frequency-dependent field-to-transmission line coupling with Associated Hermite FDTD method." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 49, no. 4 (December 23, 2015): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-150020.

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37

Ino, Tomoatsu, and Chikasa Uenosono. "An Approximation Method of Frequency Dependent Effect in Phase Frame for Unbalanced Transmission Line." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 113, no. 12 (1993): 1446–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes1990.113.12_1446.

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38

Chrysochos, Andreas I., Theofilos A. Papadopoulos, and Grigoris K. Papagiannis. "Robust Calculation of Frequency-Dependent Transmission-Line Transformation Matrices Using the Levenberg–Marquardt Method." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 29, no. 4 (August 2014): 1621–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2013.2284504.

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39

De Conti, Alberto, and Maique Paulo S. Emídio. "Extension of a modal-domain transmission line model to include frequency-dependent ground parameters." Electric Power Systems Research 138 (September 2016): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2016.02.032.

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40

Huangfu, Youpeng, Luca Di Rienzo, and Shuhong Wang. "Frequency-Dependent Multi-Conductor Transmission Line Model for Shielded Power Cables Considering Geometrical Dissymmetry." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 54, no. 3 (March 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2017.2751958.

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41

Liang, Guishu, Shiqiang Gao, Yanchao Wang, Ying Zang, and Xin Liu. "Fractional transmission line model of oil-immersed transformer windings considering the frequency-dependent parameters." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 11, no. 5 (March 30, 2017): 1154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2016.0877.

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Ye, P., B. Gore, and P. Huray. "Applying the Retarded Solutions of Electromagnetic Fields to Transmission Line RLGC Modeling." Advanced Electromagnetics 6, no. 1 (March 11, 2017): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v6i1.420.

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The RLGC model, and its variations, is one of the most common techniques to simulate Transmission Lines. The RLGC model uses circuit network elements consisting of Resistance R, Inductance L, Conductance G and Capacitance C (per unit length) to represent a small segment of the Transmission Line, and then cascades multiple segments to simulate the Transmission Line of arbitrary length. Typically the parameters in RLGC model are extracted from the propagation constant and characteristic impedance of the transmission line, which are found using numerical simulation methods. These resulting RLGC parameters for multi-GHz signaling are usually frequency-dependent. This paper introduces an analytical approach to extract RLGC parameters to simulate transmission line, which results in a different model, the RLGC(p) model.

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Challa, Kiran Kumar, Gurunath Gurrala, and Pritam Mukherjee. "An algorithm for fitting passive equivalent circuits for lumped parameter frequency dependent transmission line models." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 15, no. 15 (March 18, 2021): 2226–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.12172.

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Liu, Liang, Ronghong Jin, Xianling Liang, Haijun Fan, Xudong Bai, Han Zhou, Junping Geng, and Weiren Zhu. "A Generalized Approach for Multifrequency Transmission Line Transformer With Frequency-Dependent Complex Source and Load." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 67, no. 9 (September 2019): 3603–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2019.2926250.

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45

St. Leger, Aaron, Valentina Cecchi, Megha Basu, Karen Miu, and Chika Nwankpa. "Automated system for determining frequency dependent parameter model of transmission line in a laboratory environment." Measurement 92 (October 2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2016.05.064.

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46

Ametani, A., N. Nagaoka, T. Noda, and T. Matsuura. "A simple and efficient method for including frequency-dependent effects in transmission line transient analysis." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 19, no. 4 (May 1997): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-0615(96)00033-6.

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47

Mejdoub, Youssef, Hicham Rouijaa, and Abdelilah Ghammaz. "Optimization circuit model of a multiconductor transmission line." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 6, no. 6 (February 28, 2014): 603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078714000129.

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This paper presents an optimization circuit model of multiconductor transmission lines in the time domain. Several methods allow calculation of the currents and the tensions distributed on the uniform transmission line. Most of these methods are limited to lines with constant losses, and only for linear loads. The macro-model we propose, using Pade approximant, employs more variables and allows it to reduce the necessary cells' number in modelization than the traditional cells cascade method. This macro-model, using the Modified Nodal Analysis method (MNA), is suitable for an inclusion in circuit simulator, such as Esacap, Spice, and Saber. The MNA method offers an efficient means to discretize transmission lines on real and complex cells compared to the conventional lumped discretization. In addition, the model can directly handle frequency-dependent line parameters in the time domain. An example, with experimental measures taken from literature, is presented to validate the model we propose, and show its importance. It is necessary for assuring the results validity obtained from Pade macro-model to study its stability and passivity.

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Iracheta-Cortez, Reynaldo, Norberto Flores-Guzman, and Rogelio Hasimoto-Beltran. "Implementation of the frequency dependent line model in a real-time power system simulator." Ingeniería e Investigación 37, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v37n3.62271.

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In this paper is described the implementation of the frequency-dependent line model (FD-Line) in a real-time digital power system simulator. The main goal with such development is to describe a general procedure to incorporate new realistic models of power system components in modern real-time simulators based on the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP). In this procedure are described, firstly, the steps to obtain the time domain solution of the differential equations that models the electromagnetic behavior in multi-phase transmission lines with frequency dependent parameters. After, the algorithmic solution of the FD-Line model is implemented in Simulink environment, through an S-function programmed in C language, for running off-line simulations of electromagnetic transients. This implementation allows the free assembling of the FD Line model with any element of the Power System Blockset library and also, it can be used to build any network topology. The main advantage of having a power network built in Simulink is that can be executed in real-time by means of the commercial eMEGAsim simulator. Finally, several simulation cases are presented to validate the accuracy and the real-time performance of the FD-Line model.

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Nuricumbo-Guillén, Cortés, Gómez, and Martínez. "Computation of Transient Profiles along Nonuniform Transmission Lines Including Time-Varying and Nonlinear Elements Using the Numerical Laplace Transform." Energies 12, no. 17 (August 21, 2019): 3227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173227.

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Electromagnetic transients are responsible for overvoltages and overcurrents that can have a negative impact on the insulating elements of the electrical transmission system. In order to reduce the damage caused by these phenomena, it is essential to accurately simulate the effect of transients along transmission lines. Nonuniformities of transmission line parameters can affect the magnitude of voltage transients, thus it is important to include such nonuniformities correctly. In this paper, a frequency domain method to compute transient voltage and current profiles along nonuniform multiconductor transmission lines is described, including the effect of time-varying and nonlinear elements. The model described here utilizes the cascade connection of chain matrices in order to take into consideration the nonuniformities along the line. This technique incorporates the change of parameters along the line by subdividing the transmission line into several line segments, where each one can have different electrical parameters. The proposed method can include the effect of time-dependent elements by means of the principle of superposition. The numerical Laplace transform is applied to the frequency-domain solution in order to transform it to the corresponding time-domain response. The results obtained with the proposed method were validated by means of comparisons with results computed with ATP (Alternative Transients Program) simulations, presenting a high level of agreement.

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SHMAVONYAN, SVETLANA, and ARAM PAPOYAN. "INTENSITY-DEPENDENT FEATURES IN HYDROGEN-BUFFERED CESIUM SPECTRA." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 15 (January 2012): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512007064.

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We report the observation of a spectral feature, namely a dip (peak) in transmission (fluorescence) excitation spectra of a room temperature cesium cell with addition of 20 Torr of H 2 appearing between Doppler-broadened F g =3 - F e =2,3,4 and F g =4 - F e =3,4,5 hyperfine transition groups of Cs D 2 line when laser radiation intensity exceeds 10 mW/cm2. In the experiment we have implemented frequency modulation of the diode laser radiation with lock-in detection of the transmission and fluorescence signals. Spectra taken at different intensities are presented and compared with the spectra without the buffer gas. Possible physical mechanisms responsible for the observed distinction are discussed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Frequency dependent transmission line emulation'

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