Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Frequency coded'
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1
Ilunga, Lou. "Adaptive, Turbo-coded OFDM." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34578.
Full textAbstract:
Wireless technologies, such as satellite, cellular, and wireless internet are now commercially driven by ever more demanding consumers, who are ready for seamless integration of communication networks from the home to the car, and into the office. There is a growing need to quickly transmit information wirelessly and accurately. Engineers have already combine techniques such as orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (OFDM) suitable for high data rate transmission with forward error correction (FEC) methods over wireless channels.
In this thesis, we enhance the system throughput of a working OFDM system by adding turbo coding and adaptive modulation (AD). Simulation is done over a time varying, frequency selective Rayleigh fading channel. The temporal variations in the simulated wireless channel are due to the presence of Doppler, a sign of relative motion between transmitter and receiver. The wideband system has 48 data sub-channels, each is individually modulated according to channel state information acquired during the previous burst. The end goal is to increase the system throughput while maintaining system performance under a bit error
rate (BER) of 10-2. The results we obtained are preliminary. The lack of resources prevented us from producing detailed graphs of our findings.
Master of Science
2
Gallagher, Daniel. "ULTRA-WIDEBAND ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY CODED SAW CORRELATORS." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3950.
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Ultra–wideband (UWB) communication new technology with ability to share the FCC allocated frequency spectrum, large channel capacity and data rate, simple transceiver architecture and high performance in noisy environments. Such communication advantages have paved the way for emerging wireless technologies such as wireless high definition video streaming, wireless sensor networks and more. This thesis examines orthogonal frequency coded surface acoustic wave (SAW) correlators for use in advanced UWB communication systems. Orthogonal frequency coding (OFC) and pseudo-noise (PN) coding provides a means for UWB spreading of data. The use of OFC spectrally spreads a PN sequence beyond that of CDMA because of the increased bandwidth; allowing for improved correlation gain. The transceiver approach is still very similar to that of the CDMA approach but provides greater code diversity. Use of SAW correlators eliminates many of the costly components that are needed in the IF block in the transmitter and receiver, and reduces much of the signal processing requirements. The OFC SAW correlator device consists of a dispersive OFC transducer and a wideband output transducer. The dispersive filter was designed using seven contiguous chip frequencies within the transducer. Each chip is weighted in the transducer to account for the varying conductance of the chips and to compensate for the output transducer apodization. Experimental correlator results of an OFC SAW correlation filter are presented. The dispersive filter is designed using seven contiguous chip frequencies within the transducer. SAW correlators with fractional bandwidth of approximately 29% were fabricated on lithium niobate (LiNbO3) having a center frequency of 250 MHz and the filter has a processing gain of 49. A coupling of modes (COM) model is used to predict the experimental SAW filter response. Discussion of the filter design, analysis and measurements are presented. Results are shown for operation in a matched filter correlator for use in an UWB communication system and compared to predictions.M.S.E.E.
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
Electrical Engineering MSEE
3
Wilson, William. "Multifunctional Orthogonally-Frequency-Coded Saw Strain Sensor." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3157.
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A multifunctional strain sensor based on Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Orthogonal Frequency Coding (OFC) technology on a Langasite substrate has been investigated. Second order transmission matrix models have been developed and verified. A new parameterizable library of SAW components was created to automate the layout process. Using these new tools, a SAW strain sensor with OFC reflectors was designed, fabricated and tested. The Langasite coefficients of velocity for strain (γS = 1.699) and Temperature (γT = 2.562) were experimentally determined. The strain and temperature characterization of this strain sensor, along with the coefficients of velocity, have been used to demonstrate both the ability to sense strain and the capability for temperature compensation. The temperature-compensated SAW OFC strain sensor has been used to detect anomalous strain conditions that are indicators of fastener failures during structural health monitoring of aircraft panels with and without noise on a NASA fastener failure test stand. The changes in strain that are associated with single fastener failures were measured up to a distance of 80 cm between the sensor and the removed fastener. The SAW OFC strain sensor was demonstrated to act as an impact sensor with and without noise on the fastener failure test stand. The average measured signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 50, is comparable to the 29.1 SNR of an acoustic emission sensor. The simultaneous use of a high pass filter for impact detection, while a low pass filter is used for strain or fastener failure, demonstrates the multifunctional capabilities of the SAW OFC sensor to act as both as a fastener failure detector and as an impact detector.
4
Rice, Michael, and Kenneth Welling. "CODED OFDM FOR AERONAUTICAL TELEMETRY." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606496.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 23-26, 2000 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, CaliforniaThree Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) mapped COFDM systems demonstrating a continuum of complexity levels are simulated over an evolving three ray model of the multipath fading channel with parameters interpolated from actual channel sounding experiments. The first COFDM system uses coherent QPSK and convolutional coding with interleaving in frequency, channel equalization and soft decision decoding; the second uses convolutional coding with interleaving in frequency, Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) and soft decision decoding; the third system uses a quaternary BCH code with DPSK mapping and Error and Erasure Decoding (EED). All three systems are shown to be able to provide reliable data communication during frequency selective fade events. Simulations demonstrate QPSK mapped COFDM with reasonable complexity performs well in a multipath frequency selective fading environment under parameters typically encountered in aeronautical telemetry.
5
Rende, Deniz. "Bit-interleaved space-frequency coded modulation for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0006420.
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XAVIER, GUILHERME BARRETO. "MODULATION SCHEMES FOR FREQUENCY CODED QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=6483@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORA criptografia quântica foi proposta como uma solução para o problema da distribuição de chaves criptográficas com segurança total garantida pelos princípios da mecânica quântica. Através dessa técnica é possível saber se um espião tentou interceptar a transmissão, o que é impossível utilizando técnicas de transmissão clássicas. Nesse trabalho foi feito um breve resumo da teoria de criptografia quântica, de suas técnicas de transmissão e dos problemas tecnológicos enfrentados. Foi analisada em detalhes a técnica de transmissão de qubits utilizando codificação de freqüência e feita uma comparação dos diferentes esquemas de modulação frente aos protocolos BB84 e B92. Foi demonstrado que os dois esquemas de modulação existentes (AM-AM e PM-PM) são na realidade equivalentes e foi proposto um novo esquema, o AM-PM o único que suporta o protocolo BB84 clássico. Medidas foram realizadas classicamente nos formatos AM-AM e AM-PM.
Quantum cryptography has been proposed as a solution to the cryptographic key distribution problem with absolute security guaranteed by the principles of quantum mechanics. Through this scheme it is possible to find out whether a spy tried to eavesdrop on the transmission, which was impossible to discover using classical transmission techniques. In this work a brief review of quantum cryptography theory, transmission techniques and technological problems involved were performed. It was analyzed in detail the transmission technique employing frequency coding, and a comparison was made between the different modulation schemes and the BB84 and B92 protocols. It was demonstrated that the two existing modulation formats (AM-AM and PM-PM) are in fact equivalent and a new format (AM-PM) was proposed, the only one able to accommodate classical BB84. Classical measurements were performed on the AM-AM and AMPM formats.
7
Lee, King F. "Space-time and space-frequency coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transmitter diversity techniques." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14981.
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Pham, Tri. "Soft Detection of Trellis Coded CPM in Frequency-SelectiveChannels." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7178.
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Non-linear continuous phase modulation has constant envelope and spectral efficiency, which are desirable for public safety communication systems where both bandwidth and power are limited. A practical design of an innovation based receiver for partial response CPM was recently developed for public
safety applications. It is in the form of a linear predictive demodulator with a coefficient look up table. The demodulator shows great performance over multipath fading channels without channel equalization and promises a significant
contribution to public safety communication.
The work in this thesis is focussed on developing and analyzing modern techniques to improve the receiver performance while maintaining a feasible implementation complexity. Suitable soft output algorithms are incorporated into the demodulator allowing a subsequent convolutional decoder to perform soft
decoding. By modifying the design criteria of the predictive demodulator and introducing a feedback loop, an iterative detection scheme is formed for the concatenated structure of demodulator, deinterleaver and decoder.
Spatial diversity combining techniques are summarized and a very low complexity combining scheme is developed. It selects the best received sample sequence by considering the average energy of each sequence. In addition, the demodulator is extended to have dual coefficient look up tables supporting its
detection by having parallel prediction processes and combining their results. This leads to an improvement in overall demodulator performance. A theoretical proof that only half the number of coefficients need to be stored in memory is also given.
Matlab simulations on a Rayleigh fast fading multipath channel have shown that the proposed techniques significantly improve the overall detection accuracy. Each of them provides a good gain in signal to noise ratio or delay spread and when combined, a significant performance gain is achieved.
9
Rattray, George G. K. "Joint diversity trellis-coded modulation for frequency selective environments." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366060.
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Belezinis, P. "The performance of time-frequency coded spread-spectrum systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/37943.
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Zheng, Jun. "Analysis of coded OFDM system over frequency-selective fading channels." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1137.
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This thesis considers the analysis of system performance and resource allocation for a coded OFDM system over frequency selective fading channels. Due to the inseparable role taken by channel coding in a coded OFDM system, an information theoretical analysis is carried out and taken as the basis for the system performance and throughput.
Based on the results of the information theoretical analysis, the optimal system BER performance of a coded OFDM system is first shown to converge to the outage probability for large OFDM block lengths. Instead of evaluating the outage probability numerically, we provide in this thesis a simple analytical closed form approximation of the outage probability for a coded OFDM system over frequency selective quasi-static fading channels. Simulation results of the turbo-coded OFDM systems further confirm the approximation of the outage probability.
By taking the instantaneous channel capacity as the analytical building block, system throughput of a coded OFDM system is then provided. With the aim to compare the performance difference between adaptive and uniform resource allocation strategies, the system throughput of different allocation schemes under various channel conditions is analyzed. First, it is demonstrated that adaptive power allocation over
OFDM sub-carriers at the transmitter achieves very little gain in terms of throughput over a uniform power distribution scheme. Theoretical analysis is then provided of the throughput increase of adaptive-rate schemes compared with fixed-rate schemes under various situations. Two practical OFDM systems implementing rate-compatible-punctured-turbo-code-based (RCPT-based) hybrid automatic-repeat-request (Hybrid-ARQ) and redundancy incremental Hybrid-ARQ protocols are also provided to verify the analytical results.
12
SILVA, THIAGO FERREIRA DA. "OPTICAL TRANSMISSION OF FREQUENCY-CODED QUANTUM BITS WITH WDM SYNCHRONIZATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11742@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
A criptografia quântica se apresenta como uma área relativamente nova e interdisciplinar que, fundamentada nas leis da mecânica quântica, promete solucionar o grande desafio da criptografia simétrica clássica atual, a distribuição de chaves. A distribuição quântica de chaves provê comunicação absolutamente segura entre duas partes, possibilitando o compartilhamento de um segredo, que será utilizado na posterior encriptação da mensagem. Esta dissertação relata a implementação física experimental de um sistema óptico de distribuição quântica de chaves com codificação em freqüência por dupla-modulação em amplitude e fase e sincronização por multiplexação no domínio do comprimento de onda. São introduzidos os conceitos teóricos básicos necessários ao desenvolvimento do tema e apresentadas medições de caracterização dos principais componentes do sistema, bem como resultados de medidas sistêmicas clássicas e quânticas.
The quantum cryptography rises as a relatively new and interdisciplinary area that, grounded in the quantum mechanics laws, promises to solve the major challenge in the actual symmetric classical cryptography, the key distribution. The quantum key distribution enables absolutely secure communication between two parts, making them able to share a secret that will be used in the posterior message encryptation. This dissertation reports the experimental physical implementation of an optical quantum key distribution system with frequency coding by amplitude and phase double-modulation process and wavelengthdivision multiplexing synchronization. The mean theoretical foundations are briefly introduced and the characterization measurements of the most important devices are shown, as like results from systemic classical and quantum measurements.
13
Welling, Kenneth. "Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing for the Multipath Fading Channel." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608525.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaThis paper presents a mathematical model for Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (COFDM) in frequency selective multipath encountered in aeronautical telemetry. The use of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) for modulation and demodulation is reviewed. Error control coding with interleaving in frequency is able to provide reliable data communications during frequency selective multipath fade events. Simulations demonstrate QPSK mapped COFDM performs well in a multipath fading environment with parameters typically encountered in aeronautical telemetry.
14
Caldera, Manora K. "Combined coding and modulation in frequency-selective mobile communications." Thesis, Curtin University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2493.
Full textAbstract:
Due to constraints on spectrum availability and transmitter power, both bandwidth and power efficient communication techniques are desirable for mobile radio. Continuous phase modulated (CPM) signals have gained attention because of their attractive power spectra (Steele, 1992). It has been shown that the trellis coded modulation (TCM) schemes could provide better bit error rate performances compared to the uncoded schemes (Ungerboeck, 1982). Therefore, the combination of TCM which improves error probability and CPM signals which yield low spectral occupancy is expected to provide good coding and modulation over bandwidth and power limited channels such as the one encountered in mobile radio communications.In this research, a Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM) scheme, which combines convolutional coding and partial response Continuous Phase Modulation (CPM) such as Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK), is investigated. Also, this study concentrates on the use of rate-half convolutional codes, and GMSK (B(subscript)0T=0.3). The latter has been adopted in the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) system.Appropriate codes are selected assuming Maximum Likelihood Sequence Detection (MLSD) based on the Viterbi algorithm using an extensive computer search. The bit-error-rate (BER) performances of the selected trellis coded GMSK schemes are theoretically evaluated in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and frequency-flat fading. In the case of fading, the analysis is simplified to assume only amplitude-fading, and without considering the effect of fading on the phase of the received signal.Computer simulations are used to evaluate the BER performances of the proposed trellis coded GMSK schemes in the presence of AWGN and practical impairments, such as sample timing offset and carrier phase errors. Coding gains of up to 2.2dB at a BER of 10(subscript)-3 are obtained under ideal sample timing and carrier recovery conditions. This has been achieved without increasing the receiver complexity based on the number of states in the Viterbi decoder, compared to the uncoded GMSK scheme. Furthermore, these coded schemes are more tolerant to sample timing and carrier phase impairments.Also, the BER performances of the proposed trellis coded GMSK schemes have been extensively investigated by computer simulations for frequency-flat and frequency-selective fading channels. In the case of frequency-selective fading, the Viterbi decoding is made adaptive to cater for the channel impulse response variations with time. With this adaptive receiver, the irreducible BERs of the coded scheme is found to be lower than that of the uncoded. Performance improvements are obtained with a trellis coded GMSK scheme using a constraint length 2 code with a Viterbi decoder of 16 states compared to the 128 states required for the uncoded scheme. Further, the coded scheme has shown less sensitivity to carrier phase errors, compared to the uncoded.
15
Santos, Bianca Maria. "SAW REFLECTIVE TRANSDUCERS AND ANTENNAS FOR ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY CODED SAW SENSORS." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3433.
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Passive sensors that vary its impedance per measured parameter may be used with surface acoustic wave (SAW) reflective transducers (SRT) for wireless acquisition of the measurand. The device is composed of two transducers, where one, which may be attached to an antenna, is used to launch the wave within the device substrate, and the other is where the sensor load is attached to. The latter is able to reflect the incident wave. How much power is reflected is determined by the attached sensor load. Amplitude variations as well as peak frequency variations of the SRT reflectivity response are explored in this thesis. SAW passive temperature sensors with an orthogonal frequency coded (OFC) time response were previously investigated and prove to be ideal for use in harsh environments. Each sensor is distinguishable from the other due to the OFC code embedded within its time response. However, this coding technique poses a difficulty in designing antennas for the sensor due to its inherently wide bandwidth, and capacitive, non-uniform input impedance. This work covers antenna design and testing for the 250MHz wireless temperature acquisition prototype with a 28% fractional bandwidth, and for the 912MHz system which has 10% fractional bandwidth. Apart from the tag, antennas for the transmitter and receiver were designed for 50 Ohm matching with the required bandwidth maintained. Wireless temperature acquisition runs for the 250MHz prototype were successfully performed and show good agreement with measurements made by a thermocouple. Since a transceiver for the 912MHz system is not complete, the performance of the antennas was gauged by observing the signal transmitted wirelessly by the SAW tag and by comparing this with the sensor time response measured directly by a vector network analyzer.M.S.E.E.
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
Electrical Engineering MSEE
16
Pelekanakis, Konstantinos. "Harvesting time-frequency-space diversity with coded modulation for underwater acoustic communications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50587.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-180).
The goal of this thesis is to design a low-complexity, high data-rate acoustic communications system with robust performance under various channel conditions. The need for robust performance emerges because underwater acoustic (UWA) channels have time-varying statistics, thus a coded modulation scheme optimally designed for a specific channel model will be suboptimal when the channel statistics change. A robust approach should use a coded modulation scheme that provides good performance in both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading channels (and, consequently in the Rice fading channel, an intermediate channel model between the latter two). Hence, high data-rate coded modulation schemes should exhibit both large free Euclidean and Hamming distances. In addition, coded modulation is regarded as a way to achieve time diversity over interleaved flat fading channels. UWA channels offer additional diversity gains in both frequency and space; therefore a system that exploits diversity in all three domains is highly desirable. Two systems with the same bit-rate and complexity but different free Euclidean and Hamming distances are designed and compared. The first system combines Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM) based on an 8-PSK signal set, symbol interleaving and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). The second system combines bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM), based on a convolutional code and a 16-QAM signal set, with OFDM.
(cont.) Both systems are combined with specific space-time block codes (STBC) when two or three transmit antennas are used. Moreover, pilot-symbol-aided channel estimation is performed by using a robust 2-D Wiener filter, which copes with channel model mismatch by employing appropriate time and frequency correlation functions. The following result was obtained by testing the aforementioned systems using both simulated and experimental data from RACE '08: the BICM scheme performs better when the UWA channel exhibits limited spatial diversity. This result implies that coded modulation schemes emphasizing higher Hamming distances are preferred when there is no option for many receive/transmit hydrophones. The TCM scheme, on the other hand, becomes a better choice when the UWA channel demonstrates a high spatial diversity order. This result implies that coded modulation schemes emphasizing higher free Euclidean distances are preferred when multiple receive/transmit hydrophones are deployed.
by Konstantinos Pelekanakis.
Ph.D.
17
Caldera, Manora K. "Combined coding and modulation in frequency-selective mobile communications." Curtin University of Technology, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2000. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=9820.
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Due to constraints on spectrum availability and transmitter power, both bandwidth and power efficient communication techniques are desirable for mobile radio. Continuous phase modulated (CPM) signals have gained attention because of their attractive power spectra (Steele, 1992). It has been shown that the trellis coded modulation (TCM) schemes could provide better bit error rate performances compared to the uncoded schemes (Ungerboeck, 1982). Therefore, the combination of TCM which improves error probability and CPM signals which yield low spectral occupancy is expected to provide good coding and modulation over bandwidth and power limited channels such as the one encountered in mobile radio communications.In this research, a Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM) scheme, which combines convolutional coding and partial response Continuous Phase Modulation (CPM) such as Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK), is investigated. Also, this study concentrates on the use of rate-half convolutional codes, and GMSK (B(subscript)0T=0.3). The latter has been adopted in the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) system.Appropriate codes are selected assuming Maximum Likelihood Sequence Detection (MLSD) based on the Viterbi algorithm using an extensive computer search. The bit-error-rate (BER) performances of the selected trellis coded GMSK schemes are theoretically evaluated in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and frequency-flat fading. In the case of fading, the analysis is simplified to assume only amplitude-fading, and without considering the effect of fading on the phase of the received signal.Computer simulations are used to evaluate the BER performances of the proposed trellis coded GMSK schemes in the presence of AWGN and practical impairments, such as sample timing offset and carrier phase errors. Coding gains of up to 2.2dB at a BER of 10(subscript)-3 ++are obtained under ideal sample timing and carrier recovery conditions. This has been achieved without increasing the receiver complexity based on the number of states in the Viterbi decoder, compared to the uncoded GMSK scheme. Furthermore, these coded schemes are more tolerant to sample timing and carrier phase impairments.Also, the BER performances of the proposed trellis coded GMSK schemes have been extensively investigated by computer simulations for frequency-flat and frequency-selective fading channels. In the case of frequency-selective fading, the Viterbi decoding is made adaptive to cater for the channel impulse response variations with time. With this adaptive receiver, the irreducible BERs of the coded scheme is found to be lower than that of the uncoded. Performance improvements are obtained with a trellis coded GMSK scheme using a constraint length 2 code with a Viterbi decoder of 16 states compared to the 128 states required for the uncoded scheme. Further, the coded scheme has shown less sensitivity to carrier phase errors, compared to the uncoded.
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Wavegedara, Kapila Chandika B. "Advanced receivers for space-time block-coded single-carrier transmissions over frequency-selective fading channels." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/620.
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In recent years, space-time block coding (STBC) has emerged as an effective transmit-diversity technique to combat the detrimental effects of channel fading. In addition to STBC, high-order modulation schemes will be used in future wireless communication systems aiming to provide ubiquitous-broadband wireless access. Hence, advanced receiver schemes are necessary to achieve high performance. In this thesis, advanced and computationally-efficient receiver schemes are investigated and developed for single-carrier space-time (ST) block-coded transmissions over frequency-selective fading (FSF) channels.
First, we develop an MMSE-based turbo equalization scheme for Alamouti ST block-coded systems. A semi-analytical method to estimate the bit error rate (BER) is devised. Our results show that the proposed turbo equalization scheme offers significant performance improvements over one-pass equalization. Second, we analyze the convergence behavior of the proposed turbo equalization scheme for Alamouti ST block-coded systems using the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT)-band chart technique.
Third, burst-wise (BW)-STBC is applied for uplink transmission over FSF channels in block-spread-CDMA systems with multiuser interference-free reception. The performances of different decision feedback sequence estimation (DFSE) schemes are investigated. A new scheme combining frequency-domain (FD) linear equalization and modified unwhitened-DFSE is proposed. The proposed scheme is very promising as the error-floor behavior observed in the existing unwhitened DFSE schemes is eliminated.
Fourth, we develop a FD-MMSE-based turbo equalization scheme for the downlink of ST block-coded CDMA systems. We adopt BW-STBC instead of Alamouti symbol-wise (SW)-STBC considered for WCDMA systems and demonstrate its superior performance in FSF channels. Block spreading is shown to be more desirable than conventional spreading to improve performance using turbo equalization. We also devise approximate implementations (AprxImpls) that offer better trade-offs between performance and complexity. Semi-analytical upper bounds on the BER are derived.
Fifth, turbo multicode detection is investigated for ST block-coded downlink transmission in DS-CDMA systems. We propose symbol-by-symbol and chip-by-chip FD-MMSE-based multicode detectors. An iterative channel estimation scheme is also proposed. The proposed turbo multicode detection scheme offers significant performance improvements compared with non-iterative multicode detection. Finally, the impact of channel estimation errors on the performance of MMSE-based turbo equalization in ST block-coded CDMA systems is investigated.
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Zou, Ding, and Ding Zou. "FPGA-Based LDPC Coded Modulations for Optical Transport Networks." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622985.
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Current coherent optical transmission systems focus on single carrier solutions for 400Gb/s serial transmission to support traffic growth in fiber-optics communications, together with a few subcarriers multiplexed solutions for the 1 Tb/s serial data rates and beyond. With the advancement of analog-to-digital converter technologies, high order modulation formats up to 64-QAM with symbol rate up to 72Gbaud have been demonstrated experimentally with Raman amplification. To enable such high serial data rates, it is highly desirable to implement in hardware low complexity digital signal processing schemes and advanced forward error correction coding with powerful error correction capability. In this dissertation, to enable high-speed optical communications, we first proposed an efficient FPGA architecture of high-performance binary and non-binary LDPC engines that can support throughputs of multiple Gb/s, which have low power consumption, providing high net coding gains at a target bit-error rate of 10-15. Further, we implement a generalized LDPC coding based rate adaptive binary LDPC coding scheme and puncturing based rate adaptive non-binary LDPC coding scheme, where large number of parameters can be reconfigured in order to cope with the time-varying optical channel conditions and service requirements. Based on comprehensive analysis on complexity, latency, and power consumption we demonstrate that the proposed efficient implementation represents a feasible solution for the next generation optical communication networks. Additionally, we investigate the FPGA implementation of rate adaptive regular LDPC coding combined with up to six high-order modulation formats and demonstrate high net coding gain performance and demonstrated a bit loading algorithm for irregular LDPC coding. Lastly, we present the real-time implementation of a direct detection OFDM transceiver with multi Giga symbols/s symbol rates in a back-to-back configuration.
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Ahmed, Maher Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] [Kaiser. "Realistic frequency coded chipless RFID : physically modulated tags and refectarray readers / Maher Ahmed ; Betreuer: Thomas Kaiser." Duisburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1147681341/34.
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Ahmed, Maher Mohamed Khaliel [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Kaiser. "Realistic frequency coded chipless RFID : physically modulated tags and refectarray readers / Maher Ahmed ; Betreuer: Thomas Kaiser." Duisburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1147681341/34.
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Saldanha, Nancy. "Modeling, design and fabrication of orthogonal and psuedo-orthogonal frequency coded SAW wireless spread spectrum RFID sensor tags." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5025.
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Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors offer a wireless, passive sensor solution for use in numerous environments where wired sensing can be expensive and infeasible. Single carrier frequency SAW sensor embodiments such as delay lines, and resonators have been used in single sensor environments where sensor identification is not a necessity. The orthogonal frequency coded (OFC) SAW sensor tag embodiment developed at UCF uses a spread spectrum approach that allows interrogation in a multi-sensor environment and provides simultaneous sensing and sensor identification. The SAW device is encoded via proper design of multiple Bragg reflectors at differing frequencies. To enable accurate device design, a model to predict reflectivity over a wide range of electrode metallization ratios and metal thicknesses has been developed and implemented in a coupling of modes (COM) model. The high coupling coefficient, reflectivity and temperature coefficient of delay (TCD) of YZ LiNbO[sub3] makes it an ideal substrate material for a temperature sensor, and the reflectivity model has been developed and verified for this substrate. A new concept of pseudo-orthogonal frequency coded (POFC) SAW sensor tags has been investigated, and with proper design, the POFC SAW reduces device insertion loss and fractional bandwidth compared to OFC. OFC and POFC sensor devices have been fabricated at 250 MHz and 915 MHz using fundamental operation, and 500 MHz and 1.6 GHz using second harmonic operation. Measured device results are shown and compared with the COM simulations using the enhanced reflectivity model. Additionally, the first OFC devices at 1.05 GHz were fabricated on 128[superscript o] YX LiNbO[sub3] to explore feasibility of the material for future use in OFC sensor applications. Devices at 915 MHz have been fabricated on YZ LiNbO[sub3] and integrated with an antenna, and have then been used in a transceiver system built by Mnemonics, Inc. to wirelessly sense temperature.; The first experimental wireless POFC SAW sensor device results and predictions will be presented.ID: 029809657; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 148-152).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
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Akangol, Mehmet. "Target Detection By The Ambiguity Function Technique And The Conventional Fourier Transform Technique In Frequency Coded Continuous Wave Radars." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606766/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Continuous Wave (CW) radars are preferred for their low probability of intercept by the other receivers. Frequency modulation techniques, the linear frequency modulation (LFM) technique in particular, are commonly used in CW radars to resolve the range and the radial velocity of the detected targets. The conventional method for target detection in a linear FMCW radar makes use of a mixer followed by a low-pass filter whose output is Fourier transformed to get the range and velocity information. In this thesis, an alternative target detection technique based on the use of the Ambiguity Function (AF) will be investigated in frequency modulated CW radars. Results of the AF-based technique and the conventional Fourier-based technique will be compared for different target detection scenarios.
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Roderick, David V. "A coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing simulation of a high data rate, line-of-sight, digital radio for mobile maritime communications." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA333326.
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Betancourt, R. Miguel A. "Coded performance of a fast frequency-hopped noncoherent BFSK ratio statistic receiver over a Rician fading channel with partial-band interference." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23568.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedA frequency-hopping binary frequency shift keying (BSFK) ratio-statistic receiver with multihops per data bit is an effective electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCM) system against partial-band jamming interference. Interference is modeled as Gaussian noise. Orthogonal binary signaling and independent fading diversity is considered over frequency-nonselective, slow fading Rayleigh, Rician, and Gaussian channels. A forward error correcting coding scheme is implemented for a 1/2 rate convolutional code algorithm. The probability of bit error is examined for different levels of diversity, thermal noise, severity of fading, fraction of bandwidth jammed, and jamming power. Uncoded and coded system comparisons are done to determine worst case performance.
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Gray, Andrew, Meera Srinivasan, Marvin Simon, and Tsun-Yee Yan. "FLEXIBLE ALL-DIGITAL RECEIVER FOR BANDWIDTH EFFICIENT MODULATIONS." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608745.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaAn all-digital high data rate parallel receiver architecture developed jointly by Goddard Space Flight Center and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory is pre- sented. This receiver utilizes only a small number of high speed components along with a majority of lower speed components operating in a parallel fre- quency domain structure implementable in CMOS, and can process over 600 Mbps with numerous varieties of QPSK modulation, including those incorpo- rating precise pulse shaping for bandwidth eÆcient modulation. Performance results for this receiver for bandwidth eÆcient QPSK modulation schemes such as square-root raised cosine pulse shaped QPSK and Feher’s patented QPSK are presented, demonstrating the great degree of exibility and high performance of the receiver architecture.
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Friedrich, Konrad Jens. "Development of an active SONAR platform for AUV applications in a closed environment." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20026.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In recent years Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) have become interesting for harbor mapping and protection. AUVs require a SONAR sensor for observing their surroundings, thus enabling them to perform collision avoidance manoeuvres and scanning their operating environment for intruders or foreign objects, e.g. mines. To perform such actions the SONAR sensor is required to supply very fine range resolution for target imaging, as well as providing information about possible target velocity. Basic SONAR theory is discussed, as well as different approaches to signal design and processing techniques, for achieving the required resolution in range and target velocity. Two of the discussed approaches are selected for processing range and target velocity, respectively. Both approaches are simulated for their validity before being tested by using a custom-built platform. The platform is highly configurable and designed for capacity of testing a variety of SONAR signals and set ups. Furthermore, the platform is built by using off-the-shelf components to minimize development costs. The results of simulations and practical tests are presented. A high correlation between theory and practice is achieved. The knowledge and the platform presented form the stepping stone for further SONAR sensor developments.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die laaste jare het outonome onderwater voertuie (OOV) toenemend belangrik geword vir die kartografie en beskerming van hawens. OOV’s vereis SONAR sensore wat hulle in staat stel, om hulle omgewing waar te neem en sodoende botsing vermydings take te verrig en ook om hul werksomgewing noukeurig te skandeer om indringers of vreemde voorwerpe, bv. myne, op te spoor. Om sulke werk te verrig, word van die SONAR sensor vereis, om baie fyn afstand oplossings vir teiken te verskaf, insluitend die moontlike snelheid van die teiken. Basiese SONAR teorie word bespreek, en dan verskeie benaderings van sein ontwerp en verwerkings tegnieke. Twee van die bespreekte benaderings word gekies om afstand en teiken snelheid onderskeidelik te verwerk. Altwee benaderings word gesimuleer om hul geldigheid vas te stel, voor dat hulle getoets word op ’n pasmaat vervaardigde platform. Die platform is hoogs aanpasbaar en is ontwerp vir sy vermoë om ’n verskeidenheid SONAR seine en verwerkings te hanteer. Verder is die platform vervaardig met standard rakonderdele om ontwikkelingskoste so laag as moontlik te hou. Die uitslae van die simulerings en praktiese toetse word voorgestel. ’n Hoë mate aan korrelasie is bereik tussen teorie en praktyk. Die kennis en die platvorm, wat hier voorgestel word, vorm die eerste trappie vir toekomstige SONAR sensor ontwikkeling.
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Saleh, Mahdi. "Contributions to High Range Resolution Radar Waveforms : Design of Complete Processing Chains of Various Intra-Pulse Modulated Stepped-Frequency Waveforms." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0024.
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Dans divers systèmes radar, un grand intérêt a été porté à la sélection d’une forme d’onde et à la conception d’une chaîne de traitement complète, de l’émetteur au récepteur, afin d’obtenir un profil distance haute résolution (HRRP, acronyme de High Range Resolution Profile en anglais). Au cours des dernières décennies, les concepteurs d’algorithmes de traitement du signal radar ont concentré leur attention sur différentes formes d’onde telles que les techniques de compression d’impulsion et les systèmes à bande synthétique (SF acronyme de stepped frequency, en anglais).D’une part, trois types de formes d’onde de compression d’impulsions large bande ont été proposés dans la littérature : la forme d’onde modulée linéairement en fréquence (Linear Frequency Modulation), celle à codes de phase (Phase Coded) et la forme d’onde modulé non linéairement en fréquence (Non Linear Frequency Modulation). Ces approches sont très populaires, mais elles requièrent une fréquence d’échantillonnage généralement élevée au niveau du récepteur, et par voie de conséquence un convertisseur analogique-numérique coûteux. De plus, les formes d’onde PC et NLFM peuvent être préférables dans certaines applications à haute résolution, car elles conduisent à de meilleurs PSLR et ISLR que ceux obtenus avec la forme d’onde LFM.D’autre part, lorsqu’il s’agit de schémas SF, une fréquence d’échantillonnage moins élevée peut être envisagée, ce qui permet d’utiliser un CAN meilleur marché.Ces deux approches peuvent être combinées pour tirer avantage des deux familles. Bien que la combinaison standard mène à l’exploitation d’un CAN bon marché, les performances en termes de PSLR et ISLR ne sont pas nécessairement adaptées. Comme le PSLR et l’ISLR ont une grande influence sur la probabilité de détection et la probabilité de fausse alarme, notre objectif est de trouver des solutions alternatives. Ainsi, notre contribution dans ce mémoire de thèse consiste à proposer deux nouvelles chaînes de traitement, de l’émetteur au récepteur :1) Dans la première approche, le spectre de la forme d’onde à large bande est décomposé en un nombre prédéterminé de portions. Puis, les versions temporelles de ces dernières sont successivement transmises. Le signal reçu est alors traité soit en utilisant un algorithme FD (pour Frequency domain en anglais) modifié, soit un algorithme de reconstruction de forme d’onde réalisé directement dans le domaine temporel (TWR pour time wave reconstruction). Dans cette thèse, les formes d’ondes PC et NLFM ont été sélectionnées. Une étude comparative est alors menée entre les différentes chaînes de traitement, de l’émetteur au récepteur, que l’on peut constituer. Nos simulations montrent que les performances obtenues à partir de l’algorithme TWR sont le plus souvent meilleures que celles de l’algorithme FD modifié. La contre-partie est une augmentation du coût calculatoire. De plus, que ce soit avec une forme d’onde PC ou NLFM, l’approche présentée fournit de meilleurs résultats en termes de PSLR et ISLR que les formes d’onde SF classiques.2) La seconde démarche proposée consiste à approximer une forme d’onde NLFM à large bande par une forme d’onde LFM par morceaux, puis de la combiner avec une approche de type SF. Cela donne lieu à une forme d’onde combinant SF et un train d’impulsions LFM ayant différentes durées et largeurs de bande. La sélection des paramètres de cette forme d’onde est faite en minimisant un critère multi-objectif, tenant compte du PSLR, de l’ISLR et de la résolution distance. Cette estimation est opérée par algorithmes génétiques. Selon les poids utilisés dans le critère multi-objectif et le nombre d’impulsions LFM pris en compte, les performances des les formes d’onde résultantes varient.Une annexe est en outre fournie qui présente des travaux complémentaires sur la comparaison de modèles à partir de la divergence de JeffreysIn various radar systems, a great deal of interest has been paid to selecting a waveformand designing a whole processing chain from the transmitter to the receiver toobtain the high range resolution profile (HRRP). For the last decades, radar designershave focused their attentions on different waveforms such as the pulse compressionwaveforms and the stepped frequency (SF) waveform:On the one hand, three different types of wide-band pulse compression waveforms havebeen proposed: the linear frequency modulation (LFM) waveform, the phase coded(PC) waveform, and the non-linear frequency modulation (NLFM) waveform. They arevery popular but the sampling frequency at the receiver is usually large. This hence requiresan expensive analog-to-digital convertor (ADC). In addition, the PC and NLFMwaveforms may be preferable in some high range resolution applications since they leadto peak sidelobe ratio (PSLR) and integrated sidelobe ratio (ISLR) better than the onesobtained with the LFM waveform.On the other hand, when dealing with SF waveforms, a small sampling frequency canbe considered, making it possible to use a cheap ADC.Pulse compression and SF waveforms can be combined to take advantage of both. Althoughthe standard combination of PC or NLFM with SF leads to the exploitation ofa cheap ADC, the performance of the PC waveform or NLFM waveform in terms ofPSLR and ISLR cannot be attained. As the PSLR and the ISLR have a great influenceon the probability of detection and probability of false alarm, our purpose in the PhDdissertation is to present two new processing chains, from the transmitter to the receiver:1) In the first approach, the spectrum of a wide-band pulse compression pulse is splitinto a predetermined number of portions. Then, the time-domain transformedversions of these various portions are transmitted. At the receiver, the receivedechoes can be either processed with a modified FD algorithm or a novel timewaveformreconstruction (TWR) algorithm. A comparative study is carried outbetween the different processing chains, from the transmitter to the receiver, thatcan be designed. Our simulations show that the performance in terms of PSLRand ISLR obtained with the TWR algorithm is better than that of the modified FDalgorithm for a certain number of portions. This comes at the expense of an additionalcomputational cost. Moreover, whatever the pulse compression used, the approach we present outperforms the standard SF waveforms in terms of PSLRand ISLR.2) In the second approach, we suggest approximating the wide-band NLFM by apiecewise linear waveform and then using it in a SF framework. Thus, a variablechirp rate SF-LFM waveform is proposed where SF is combined with a train ofLFM pulses having different chirp rates with different durations and bandwidths.The parameters of the proposed waveform are derived from the wide-band NLFMwaveform. Then, their selection is done by considering a multi-objective optimization issue taking into account the PSLR, the ISLR and the range resolution.The latter is addressed by using a genetic algorithm. Depending on the weightsused in the multi-objective criterion and the number of LFM pulses that is considered, the performance of the resulting waveforms vary.An appendix is finally provided in which additional works are presented dealing withmodel comparison based on Jeffreys divergence
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Al-Ghadhban, Samir Naser. "Multi-layered Space Frequency Time Codes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29498.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation focuses on three major advances on multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The first studies and compares decoding algorithms for multi-layered space time coded (MLSTC) systems. These are single user systems that combine spatial multiplexing and transmit diversity. Each layer consists of a space time code. The detection algorithms are based on multi-user detection theory. We consider joint, interference nulling and cancellation, and spatial sequence estimation algorithms. As part of joint detection algorithms, the sphere decoder is studied and its complexity is evaluated over MIMO channels. The second part contributes to the field of space frequency time (SFT) coding for MIMO-OFDM systems. It proposes a full spatial and frequency diversity codes at much lower number of trellis states. The third part proposes and compares uplink scheduling algorithms for multiuser systems with spatial multiplexing. Several scheduling criteria are examined and compared.
The capacity and error rate study of MLSTBC reveals the performance of the detection algorithms and their advantage over other open loop MIMO schemes. The results show that the nulling and cancellation operations limit the diversity of the system to the first detected layer in serial algorithms. For parallel algorithms, the diversity of the system is dominated by the performance after parallel nulling. Theoretically, parallel cancellation should provide full receive diversity per layer but error propagations as a result of cancellation prevent the system from reaching this goal. However, parallel cancellation provides some gains but it doesn't increase the diversity. On the other hand, joint detection provides full receive diversity per layer. It could be practically implemented with sphere decoding which has a cubic complexity at high SNR.
The results of the SFT coding show the superiority of the IQ-SFT codes over other codes at the same number of sates. The IQ-SFT codes achieve full spatial and frequency diversity at much lower number of trellis states compared to conventional codes. For V-BLAST scheduling, we propose V-BLAST capacity maximizing scheduler and we show that scheduling based on optimal MIMO capacity doesn't work well for V-BLAST. The results also show that maximum minimum singularvalue (MaxMinSV) scheduling performs very close to the V-BLAST capacity maximizing scheduler since it takes into account both the channel power and the orthogonality of the channel.Ph. D.
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Nikolakopoulos, Xenofon. "Optimum codes for FFH." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA331918.
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Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, March 1997.Thesis advisors, Tri T. Ha, R. Clark Robertson. AD-A331 918. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-70). Also available online.
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Ekinci, Umut Utku. "Code Aided Frame Synchronization For Frequency Selective Channels." Thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611951/index.pdf.
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Frame synchronization is an important problem in digital communication systems. In frame synchronization, the main task is to find the frame start given the flow of the communication symbols. In this thesis, frame synchronization problem is investigated for both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels and frequency selective channels. Most of the previous works on frame synchronization consider the simple case of AWGN channels. The algorithms developed for this purpose fail in frequency selective channels. There is limited number of algorithms proposed for the frequency selective channels. In this thesis, existing frame synchronization techniques are investigated for both AWGN and frequency selective channels. Code-aided frame synchronization techniques are combined with the methods for frequency selective channels. Mainly two types of code-aided frame synchronization schemes are considered and two new system structures are proposed for frame synchronization. One of the proposed structures performs better than the alternative methods for frequency selective channels. The overall system for this new synchronizer is composed of a list synchronizer which generates the possible frame starts, a channel estimator, a soft output MLSE equalizer, and a soft output Viterbi decoder. A mode separation algorithm is used to generate the statistics for the selection of the true frame start. Several experiments are done and the performance is outlined for a variety of scenarios.
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Ong, Chong Tean. "Asynchronous hopping and code diversity in frequency-hopped code division multiple access systems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25130.pdf.
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Guan, Karen Min 1978. "Quadrature amplitude modulated codes for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing applications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87226.
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Matrakidis, Chris. "Error control coding for constrained channels." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324963.
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Persson, Simon. "The correlation between code coverage, cyclomatic complexity and fault frequency." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119748.
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The quality of software gets more and more important as software is introduced to systems that are important to the infrastructure of modern society. This thesis studies one such code base developed at Ericsson AB, that is a vital piece of software for our infrastructure. With an increased need for quality in software, it is important that we have quantifiable metrics that can be used to steer the development of software in a direction that leads to fewer faults. We look at the software metrics cyclomatic complexity and variations of code coverageand analyse how these metrics correlate to faults in the code. We find that code coverage has a weak negative correlation at best, but can have a weak positive correlation at worst (such that faults increase as coverage increases). The cyclomatic complexity metric has not been found to have any correlation at all to software faults.
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Chu, Alice Pin-Chen. "High-Rate Space-Time Block Codes in Frequency-Selective Fading Channels." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10360.
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The growing popularity of wireless communications networks has resulted in greater bandwidth contention and therefore spectrally efficient transmission schemes are highly sought after by designers.
Space-time block codes (STBCs) in multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) systems are able to increase channel capacity as well as reduce error rate. A general linear space-time structure known as linear dispersion codes (LDCs) can be designed to achieve high-data rates and has been researched extensively for flat fading channels. However, very little research has been done on frequency-selective fading channels. The combination of ISI, signal interference from other transmitters and noise at the receiver mean that maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) requires high computational complexity. Detection schemes that can mitigate the signal interference can significantly reduce the complexity and allow intersymbol interference (ISI) equalization to be performed by a Viterbi decoder.
In this thesis, detection of LDCs on frequency-selective channels is investigated. Two predominant detection schemes are investigated, namely linear processing and zero forcing (ZF). Linear processing depends on code orthogonality and is only suited for short channels and small modulation schemes. ZF cancels interfering signals when a sufficient number of receive antennas is deployed. However, this number increases with the channel length. Channel decay profiles are investigated for high-rate LDCs to ameliorate this limitation. Performance improves when the equalizer assumes a shorter channel than the actual length provided the truncated taps carry only a small portion of the total channel power.
The LDC is also extended to a multiuser scenario where two independent users cooperate over half-duplex frequency-selective channels to achieve cooperative gain. The cooperative scheme transmits over three successive block intervals. Linear and zero-forcing detection are considered.
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So, Daniel Ka Chun. "MIMO wireless communications in frequency selective fading channels /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202003%20SO.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-144). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Purle, David J. "Frequency hopped code division multiple access techniques for future wireless communications." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281833.
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Karaoglu, Bulent. "A comparison of frequency offset estimation methods in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FKaraoglu.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 2004.Thesis Advisor(s): Roberto Cristi, Murali Tummala. Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-46). Also available online.
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雷靜 and Jing Lei. "Frequency synchronization methods for digital broadband receivers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31244427.
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Yu, Shu-mei, and 游淑媚. "Noncoherent Multistage Space-Frequency Coded MIMO-OFDM." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11858280079422321776.
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碩士國立中央大學
通訊工程研究所
97
In 2005, a noncoherent space-frequency coded MIMO-OFDM scheme was proposed. But its complexity is very high if the number of tones is not small. In this thesis, we modify this scheme by using multistage decoding. All tones are divided into several groups. In each decoding stage, one group is decoded with the information of previously decoded groups and the corresponding received signals. At the transmitter, the power is also adjusted for decreasing error rates. In addition, trellis coding is utilized for further enhancing the error performance.
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Botha, P. R. (Philippus Rudolph). "Iterative decoding of space-time-frequency block coded mimo concatenated with LDPH codes." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/33344.
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In this dissertation the aim was to investigate the usage of algorithms found in computer
science and apply suitable algorithms to the problem of decoding multiple-input multipleoutput
(MIMO) space-time-frequency block coded signals. It was found that the sphere
decoder is a specific implementation of the A* tree search algorithm that is well known in
computer science. Based on this knowledge, the sphere decoder was extended to include
a priori information in the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) joint decoding of the
STFC block coded MIMO signals. The added complexity the addition of a priori information
has on the sphere decoder was investigated and compared to the sphere decoder without
a priori information. To mitigate the potential additional complexity several algorithms that
determine the order in which the symbols are decoded were investigated. Three new algorithms
incorporating a priori information were developed and compared with two existing
algorithms. The existing algorithms compared against are sorting based on the norms of the
channel matrix columns and the sorted QR decomposition.
Additionally, the zero forcing (ZF) and minimum mean squared error (MMSE) decoderswith and without decision feedback (DF) were also extended to include a priori information.
The developed method of incorporating a priori information was compared to an existing
algorithm based on receive vector translation (RVT). The limitation of RVT to quadrature
phase shift keying (QPSK) and binary shift keying (BPSK) constellations was also shown in
its derivation. The impact of the various symbol sorting algorithms initially developed for
the sphere decoder on these decoders was also investigated. The developed a priori decoders
operate in the log domain and as such accept a priori information in log-likelihood ratios
(LLRs). In order to output LLRs to the forward error correcting (FEC) code, use of the
max-log approximation, occasionally referred to as hard-to-soft decoding, was made.
In order to test the developed decoders, an iterative turbo decoder structure was used together
with an LDPC decoder to decode threaded algebraic space-time (TAST) codes in a Rayleigh
faded MIMO channel. Two variables that have the greatest impact on the performance of the
turbo decoder were identified: the hard limit value of the LLRs to the LDPC decoder and the
number of independently faded bits in the LDPC code.Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
unrestricted
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Akol, Roseline Nyongarwizi. "Residue number system coded differential space-time-frequency coding." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1542.
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The rapidly growing need for fast and reliable transmission over a wireless channel motivates the development of communication systems that can support high data rates at low complexity. Achieving reliable communication over a wireless channel is a challenging task largely due to the possibility of multipaths which may lead to intersymbol interference (ISI). Diversity techniques such as time, frequency and space are commonly used to combat multipath fading. Classical diversity techniques use repetition codes such that the information is replicated and transmitted over several channels that are sufficiently spaced. In fading channels, the performance across some diversity branches may be excessively attenuated, making throughput unacceptably small. In principle, more powerful coding techniques can be used to maximize the diversity order. This leads to bandwidth expansion or increased transmission power to accommodate the redundant bits. Hence there is need for coding and modulation schemes that provide low error rate performance in a bandwidth efficient manner. If diversity schemes are combined, more independent dimensions become available for information transfer. The first part of the thesis addresses achieving temporal diversity through employing error correcting coding schemes combined with interleaving. Noncoherent differential modulation does not require explicit knowledge or estimate of the channel, instead the information is encoded in the transitions. This lends itself to the possibility of turbo-like serial concatenation of a standard outer channel encoder with an inner modulation code amenable to noncoherent detection through an interleaver. An iterative approach to joint decoding and demodulation can be realized by exchanging soft information between the decoder and the demodulator. This has been shown to be effective and hold hope for approaching capacity over fast fading channels. However most of these schemes employ low rate convolutional codes as their channel encoders. In this thesis we propose the use of redundant residue number system codes. It is shown that these codes can achieve comparable performance at minimal complexity and high data rates. The second part deals with the possibility of combining several diversity dimensions into a reliable bandwidth efficient communication scheme. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been used to combat multipaths. Combining OFDM with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems to form MIMO-OFDM not only reduces the complexity by eliminating the need for equalization but also provides large channel capacity and a high diversity potential. Space-time coded OFDM was proposed and shown to be an effective transmission technique for MIMO systems. Spacefrequency coding and space-time-frequency coding were developed out of the need to exploit the frequency diversity due to multipaths. Most of the proposed schemes in the literature maximize frequency diversity predominantly from the frequency-selective nature of the fading channel. In this thesis we propose the use of residue number system as the frequency encoder. It is shown that the proposed space-time-frequency coding scheme can maximize the diversity gains over space, time and frequency domains. The gain of MIMO-OFDM comes at the expense of increased receiver complexity. Furthermore, most of the proposed space-time-frequency coding schemes assume frequency selective block fading channels which is not an ideal assumption for broadband wireless communications. Relatively high mobility in broadband wireless communications systems may result in high Doppler frequency, hence time-selective (rapid) fading. Rapidly changing channel characteristics impedes the channel estimation process and may result in incorrect estimates of the channel coefficients. The last part of the thesis deals with the performance of differential space-time-frequency coding in fast fading channels.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2007.
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Hsiao, Wen-Son, and 蕭萬松. "Modified Coded Frequency/Phase Modulation in the Fading Channel." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91056602813486973416.
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碩士中原大學
電子工程學系
82
We introduce trellis-coded modulation(TCM),used for data communication with the purpose of gaining noise immunity over uncoded transmision without altering the data rate. TCM is a combined coding and modulation scheme for improving the reliability of a digital transmission system without in increasing the transmitted power or the required bandwith. In a power-limited enviroment,the desired system performance should be achived with the smallest possible power.One solution is the use of error-correcting codes,which increase the power efficiency by adding extra bits to the transmitted symbol sequence. FPM is a scheme which combine FSK and PSK modulation and use of trellis coding and Viterbi decoding to improve error performance over uncoded modulation.The coding gain is a function of the amount of memory introduced by the encoder,i. e., the constrant length,and of signal positioning of the signal point in the signal space,i.e.,the signal constellation. FPM is so enlarge the intra-distrance of signal constellation so as to enhance coding gain. MTCM is implemented by an encoder with b binary input bits ans s binary output bits that are mapped into k M-ary symbols in each transmission interval.The parameter k is reference to as the multiplicity of the code since it represents the number of M-ary symbols allocated to each branch in the trellis diagram. The throughput is r=b/k bits/s/Hz,which,depending on the choice of b and k,may or may not be integer-valued. It is interesting to investigate,the value of trellis multiplicty k which enlarge the distance d2 as to improve coding gain. MTCM/FPM is a new scheme. It is combined two adventages which described for improved performance on the AWGN and Fading channel.
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Wu, Cheng-Lung, and 吳政龍. "Space-Time-Frequency 3-Dimensional Complementary Coded CDMA Systems." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27794907435738195888.
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Chang, Feng-Yu, and 張豐裕. "Performance of Orthogonal Coded QPSK in Frequency Transmit Diversity over Frequency-selective Fading Channel." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65245350437213474860.
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碩士國立海洋大學
導航與通訊系碩士班
91
This paper presents a QPSK performance utilizing Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor technique and Frequency Diversity Transmits over Frequency-selective fading channel. The coherence bandwidth measured from Power Delay Profile with 3GPP Vehicular multipath channel was defined as the frequency separation between two carriers. It shows that OVSF coded QPSK with two-frequency diversity transmits (down-link) has significant improvement of BER in terms of Eb/No using MRC-Rake receiver. In addition, this orthogonal channel coding scheme can substantially mitigate the effects of co-channel interference .
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Li, Yu-Tung, and 李雨桐. "Optimization of High Frequency Ultrasonic Needle Transducer System Using Coded Excitation." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61069182755802466920.
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碩士國立陽明大學
生醫光電研究所
102
Epidural anesthesia (EA) is one of the most widely used anesthesia methods, common used on regional anesthesia, painless labor, and post-operation analgesia. The insertion of the epidural needle into the epidural space fully depends on anesthesiologist’s experience. In conducting epidural anesthesia, the epidural needle is inserted from the back of the patient, through 3-5 cm blind insertion, then pushed into the narrow epidural space. If the needle was inserted too deep, dural puncture would happen and result in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) leakage. The risk in conducting EA is even higher in obesity, pregnant, pediatric, post-spinal surgery, and for patients with unusual spinal column structure. We have developed an integrated high-frequency ultrasound needle transducer, which is able to provide guiding and positioning for EA insertion. The way to conduct this is to place the ultrasound needle transducer in the epidural needle, in order to provide positioning function in real-time. In this research, the ultrasound needle transducer has been optimized. The sensitivity of the needle transducer has increased up to 2 V. In another hand, use Field II to simulate a pair of coded signal, pass through matched filter to make pulse compressed. The SNR of the system is increased, and it is also been concert by test in a FPGA ultrasound pulser-receiver.
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Lu, Chih-Wen, and 呂志文. "Design of Non-coherent Inner Convolutional Codes for Turbo-Coded OFDM System Over Frequency-Selective Fading Channels." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96729848607977822608.
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碩士國立交通大學
電信工程研究所
101
In frequency-selective fading channels with unknown channel coefficients, channel estimation and equalization become infeasible. In this thesis, based on the cumulative distance functions of codes, we propose a simple method to select an inner convolutional code to co-work with an outer turbo code, which acts implicitly as a channel estimator and equalizer. Since the codeword length of the selected convolutional code is short, an exhaustive decoder based on the GLRT criterion can be implemented at the receiver end. Simulation results show that the concatenated coding system that use the convolutional codes of rate 1/2 performs well but may have rooms for improvement when the inner code rate increase to 2/3. In comparison with the tradition system that employs a least square (LS) estimator for the outer turbo code, our proposal can result in better performances and hence can be a good candidate design in a blind frequency-selective fading environment.
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Oluwafemi, Ilesanmi Banjo. "Super-orthogonal space-time turbo coded OFDM systems." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8505.
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The ever increasing demand for fast and efficient broadband wireless communication
services requires future broadband communication systems to provide a high data rate,
robust performance and low complexity within the limited available electromagnetic
spectrum. One of the identified, most-promising techniques to support high
performance and high data rate communication for future wireless broadband services
is the deployment of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna systems with
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The combination of MIMO and
OFDM techniques guarantees a much more reliable and robust transmission over a
hostile wireless channel through coding over the space, time and frequency domains.
In this thesis, two full-rate space-time coded OFDM systems are proposed. The first
one, designed for two transmit antennas, is called extended super-orthogonal space-time
trellis coded OFDM (ESOSTTC-OFDM), and is based on constellation rotation. The
second one, called super-quasi-orthogonal space-time trellis coded OFDM (SQOSTTCOFDM),
combines a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code with a trellis code to
provide a full-rate code for four transmit antennas. The designed space-time coded
MIMO-OFDM systems achieve a high diversity order with high coding gain by
exploiting the diversity advantage of frequency-selective fading channels.
Concatenated codes have been shown to be an effective technique of achieving reliable
communication close to the Shannon limit, provided that there is sufficient available
diversity. In a bid to improve the performance of the super orthogonal space-time
trellis code (SOSTTC) in frequency selective fading channels, five distinct
concatenated codes are proposed for MIMO-OFDM over frequency-selective fading
channels in the second part of this thesis. Four of the coding schemes are based on the
concatenation of convolutional coding, interleaving, and space-time coding, along
multiple-transmitter diversity systems, while the fifth coding scheme is based on the
concatenation of two space-time codes and interleaving. The proposed concatenated
Super-Orthogonal Space-Time Turbo-Coded OFDM System I. B. Oluwafemi 2012 vii
coding schemes in MIMO-OFDM systems achieve high diversity gain by exploiting
available diversity resources of frequency-selective fading channels and achieve a high
coding gain through concatenations by employing the turbo principle. Using computer
software simulations, the performance of the concatenated SOSTTC-OFDM schemes is
compared with those of concatenated space-time trellis codes and those of conventional
SOSTTC-OFDM schemes in frequency-selective fading channels. Simulation results
show that the concatenated SOSTTC-OFDM system outperformed the concatenated
space-time trellis codes and the conventional SOSTTC-OFDM system under the
various channel scenarios in terms of both diversity order and coding gain.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.
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Ojha, Anuj Raj. "Trellis coding on multi-amplitude continuous phase frequency shift keying /." 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1453189151&sid=12&Fmt=2&clientId=10361&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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