Academic literature on the topic 'Frequency analysis procedures'
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Journal articles on the topic "Frequency analysis procedures"
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Vieira, T. M. M., L. F. Oliveira, and J. Nadal. "Estimation procedures affect the center of pressure frequency analysis." Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 42, no. 7 (July 2009): 665–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-879x2009000700012.
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Wazneh, H., F. Chebana, and T. B. M. J. Ouarda. "Optimal depth-based regional frequency analysis." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 6 (June 21, 2013): 2281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2281-2013.
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Abstract. Classical methods of regional frequency analysis (RFA) of hydrological variables face two drawbacks: (1) the restriction to a particular region which can lead to a loss of some information and (2) the definition of a region that generates a border effect. To reduce the impact of these drawbacks on regional modeling performance, an iterative method was proposed recently, based on the statistical notion of the depth function and a weight function φ. This depth-based RFA (DBRFA) approach was shown to be superior to traditional approaches in terms of flexibility, generality and performance. The main difficulty of the DBRFA approach is the optimal choice of the weight function ϕ (e.g., φ minimizing estimation errors). In order to avoid a subjective choice and naïve selection procedures of φ, the aim of the present paper is to propose an algorithm-based procedure to optimize the DBRFA and automate the choice of ϕ according to objective performance criteria. This procedure is applied to estimate flood quantiles in three different regions in North America. One of the findings from the application is that the optimal weight function depends on the considered region and can also quantify the region's homogeneity. By comparing the DBRFA to the canonical correlation analysis (CCA) method, results show that the DBRFA approach leads to better performances both in terms of relative bias and mean square error.
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Wazneh, H., F. Chebana, and T. B. M. J. Ouarda. "Optimal depth-based regional frequency analysis." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 1 (January 15, 2013): 519–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-519-2013.
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Abstract. Classical methods of regional frequency analysis (RFA) of hydrological variables face two drawbacks: (1) the restriction to a particular region which can correspond to a loss of some information and (2) the definition of a region that generates a border effect. To reduce the impact of these drawbacks on regional modeling performance, an iterative method was proposed recently. The proposed method is based on the statistical notion of the depth function and a weight function φ. This depth-based RFA (DBRFA) approach was shown to be superior to traditional approaches in terms of flexibility, generality and performance. The main difficulty of the DBRFA approach is the optimal choice of the weight function φ (e.g. φ minimizing estimation errors). In order to avoid subjective choice and naïve selection procedures of φ, the aim of the present paper is to propose an algorithm-based procedure to optimize the DBRFA and automate the choice of φ according to objective performance criteria. This procedure is applied to estimate flood quantiles in three different regions in North America. One of the findings from the application is that the optimal weight function depends on the considered region and can also quantify the region homogeneity. By comparing the DBRFA to the canonical correlation analysis (CCA) method, results show that the DBRFA approach leads to better performances both in terms of relative bias and mean square error.
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Nguyen, Denis D., Ryan T. Judd, Terence E. Imbery, and Michael B. Gluth. "Frequency-Specific Analysis of Hearing Outcomes Associated with Ossiculoplasty Versus Stapedotomy." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 130, no. 9 (January 29, 2021): 1010–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489421990164.
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Objective: Surgery on the ossicular chain may impact its underlying mechanical properties. This study aims to investigate comparative differences in frequency-specific hearing outcomes for ossiculoplasty versus stapedotomy. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on subjects who underwent ossiculoplasty with partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP) or laser stapedotomy with self-crimping nitinol/fluoroplastic piston, and achieved closure of postoperative pure tone average air-bone gap (PTA-ABG) ≤ 15 dB. 45 PORP and 38 stapedotomy cases were included, with mean length of follow-up of 7.6 months. Results: The mean change in PTA-ABG was similar for the 2 procedures (−17.9 dB vs −18.1 dB, P = .98). Postoperative ABG closure for stapedotomy was superior at 1000 Hz (8.9 dB vs 13.9 dB, P = .0003) and 4000 Hz (11.8 dB vs 18.0 dB, P = .0073). Both procedures also had improved postoperative bone conduction (BC) thresholds at nearly all frequencies, but there was no statistical difference in the change in BC at any particular frequency between the 2 procedures. Conclusion: Both procedures achieved a similar mean change in PTA-ABG. Stapedotomy was superior to PORP at ABG closure at 1000 Hz and at 4000 Hz, with 1000 Hz the most discrepant. The exact mechanism responsible for these changes is unclear, but the specific frequencies affected suggest that differences in each procedure’s respective impact on the native resonant frequency and mass load of the system could be implicated.
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Saf, Betül. "Application of Index Procedures to Flood Frequency Analysis in Turkey1." JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 44, no. 1 (February 2008): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00136.x.
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Loganathan, G. V., C. Y. Kuo, and T. C. McCormick. "Frequency Analysis of Low Flows." Hydrology Research 16, no. 2 (April 1, 1985): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1985.0009.
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The transformations (i) SMEMAX (ii) Modified SMEMAX (iii) Power and Probability Distributions (iv) Weibull (α,β,γ) or Extreme value type III (v) Weibull (α,β,0) (vi) Log Pearson Type III (vii) Log Boughton are considered for the low flow analysis. Also, different parameter estimating procedures are considered. Both the Weibull and log Pearson can have positive lower bounds and thus their use in fitting low flow probabilities may not be physically justifiable. A new derivation generalizing the SMEMAX transformation is proposed. A new estimator for the log Boughton distribution is presented. It is found that the Boughton distribution with Cunnane's plotting position provides a good fit to low flows for Virginia streams.
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Guan, Wei, Zuo Jing Su, and Guo Qing Zhang. "Concise Robust Control for MIMO System Based on Frequency Domain Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 278-280 (January 2013): 1555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.1555.
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In this paper, a concise nonlinear robust control scheme based on the frequency domain is proposed. Compared with the arbitrary selection of weighting function in classical H∞ mixed sensitivity robust control design procedures, the CGSA methods gives a relatively more straightforward and concise design procedure for MIMO robust control problem. In the simulations, the CGSA is applied to an integrated rudder and fin control loop to indicate that the integrated rudder and fin CGSA control scheme is very feasible for future practical application.
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Basu, Bidroha, and V. V. Srinivas. "Evaluation of the Index-Flood Approach Related Regional Frequency Analysis Procedures." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 21, no. 1 (January 2016): 04015052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0001264.
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Everstine, G. C. "Prediction of Low Frequency Vibrational Frequencies of Submerged Structures." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 113, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930168.
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Practical numerical techniques are described for calculating the low frequency vibrational resonances of general submerged structures. Both finite element and boundary element approaches for calculating fully-coupled added mass matrices are presented and illustrated. The finite element approach is implemented using existing structural analysis capability in NASTRAN. The boundary element approach uses the NASHUA structural acoustics program in combination with NASTRAN to compute the added mass matrix. The two procedures are compared in application to a submerged cylindrical shell with flat end closures. Both procedures proved capable of computing accurate submerged resonances; the more elegant boundary element procedure is easier to use but may be more expensive computationally.
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Moon, Andrew S., Andrew S. McGee, Harshadkumar A. Patel, Ryan Cone, Gerald McGwin, Sameer Naranje, and Ashish Shah. "A Safety and Cost Analysis of Outpatient Versus Inpatient Hindfoot Fusion Surgery." Foot & Ankle Specialist 12, no. 4 (October 4, 2018): 336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1938640018803699.
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Background. Hindfoot fusion procedures are increasingly being performed in the outpatient setting. However, the cost savings of these procedures compared with the risks and benefits has not been clearly investigated. The objective of this study was to compare patient characteristics, costs, and short-term complications between inpatient and outpatient procedures. Methods. This was a retrospective review of all patients who underwent inpatient and outpatient hindfoot fusion procedures by a single surgeon, at 1 academic institution, from 2013 to 2017. Data collected included demographics, operative variables, comorbidities, complications, costs, and subsequent reencounters. Results. Of 124 procedures, 34 were inpatient and 90 were outpatient. Between procedural settings, with the numbers available, there was no significant increase in complication rate or frequency of reencounters within 90 days. There were no significant differences in the number of patients with reencounters related to the index procedure within 90 days (P = .43). There were 30 reencounters within 90 days after outpatient surgery versus 4 after inpatient surgery (P = .05). The total number of emergency room visits in the outpatient group within 90 days was significantly higher compared with the inpatient group (P = .04). The average cost for outpatient procedures was US$4159 less than inpatient procedures (P < .0001). Conclusion. Outpatient hindfoot fusion may be a safe alternative to inpatient surgery, with significant overall cost savings and similar rate of short-term complications. On the basis of these findings, we believe that outpatient management is preferable for the majority of patients, but further investigation is warranted. Levels of Evidence: Level III
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Frequency analysis procedures"
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Soloviev, Andrey. "Investigation into performance enhancement of integrated global positioning/inertial navigation systems by frequency domain implementation of inertial computational procedures." Ohio : Ohio University, 2002. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1178652218.
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Chvatík, Štěpán. "Asynchronní motor s vnějším rotorem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377075.
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Kiran, K. G. "New Approaches to At-site and Regional Frequency Analysis of Hydrologic Extremes in Peaks Over Threshold Framework." Thesis, 2021. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5752.
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Frequency analysis procedures are widely used to quantify the risk associated with floods that have devastating consequences worldwide. Conventionally, the frequency analysis is performed based on the annual maximum series (AMS) of peak flows extracted from the available streamflow records. Peaks-over-threshold or Partial duration series (PDS) framework is deemed more efficient than AMS in depicting information on extremes. Despite its advantages, the use of PDS is less prevalent than AMS. It is due to the lack of a universally established systematic approach to select an appropriate threshold for PDS extraction. Various issues affect the performance of different methods available for threshold selection. A novel Mahalanobis distance-based automatic threshold selection method is proposed to address those issues, and its potential is demonstrated over four automatic threshold selection methods. Another issue in flood risk assessment at target locations is sparsity or lack of data. In such situations, practitioners opt for regional frequency analysis (RFA) approaches that involve regionalization (locating groups/regions comprising resembling watersheds) and pooling of flood-related information from outlets of the watersheds to estimate desired flood quantile(s) at the target sites. Most RFA approaches are focused on using AMS rather than PDS. This thesis addresses regionalization-related issues and focuses on leveraging the advantages of using PDS in RFA. Regionalization approaches are many, and their choice is ambiguous as none is established to be universally superior. They differ in their underlying assumptions and strategies, and thus yield regions that vary in composition. A new entropy-based fuzzy ensemble clustering approach is proposed to address the uncertainty in regionalization. It forms effective fuzzy meta-regions by ameliorating information from regions derived using different procedures. Error in flood quantile estimates at ungauged sites based on those meta-regions was the least in Monte-Carlo simulation (MCS) experiments and case studies on river basins in peninsular India. One could avert the risk of picking an unsuitable regionalization method by opting for ensemble clustering.
The index-flood approach and its variants are widely used for the past six decades to perform RFA, though they make several unrealistic assumptions. Consequently, various alternative techniques have been proposed in the literature. However, most of them focus on using AMS, and there is hardly any based on PDS. Against this backdrop, two new RFA techniques based on random forests (RFs), namely generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) based distributional RFs (DRFs) and Multivariate RFs, are proposed for use with PDS. The new DRFs-based technique is shown to outperform two recently proposed techniques and Multivariate RFs through MCS experiments and a case study on the conterminous United States. Investigations were also carried out to identify important/key watershed-related features useful in predicting the scale and shape parameters of GPD. There are no prior attempts in this direction using PDS. Another important fact is that RFA of floods in a multivariate framework is deemed more appropriate, as floods can be better characterized by several correlated variables such as flood peak, volume, duration, and time to peak. However, RFA has received little attention in the multivariate framework. The available literature recommends using a multivariate extension of the index-flood-based approach (considering AMS), even though it has theoretical shortcomings. Against this backdrop, a novel multivariate RFA approach based on the conditional multivariate extreme values model (CEA) is proposed. It facilitates flood risk assessment at sparsely gauged and ungauged locations by predicting the joint distribution of multiple flood-related variables using information pooled from resembling watersheds. The potential of CEA over a recently proposed index-flood-based multivariate RFA approach is demonstrated through MCS experiments and a case study on a flood-prone region of India.
Books on the topic "Frequency analysis procedures"
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Kanda, Motohisa. A radio-frequency power delivery system: Procedures for error analysis and self-calibration. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1985.
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Kanda, Motohisa. A radio-frequency power delivery system: Procedures for error analysis and self-calibration. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1985.
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Kanda, Motohisa. A radio-frequency power delivery system: Procedures for error analysis and self-calibration. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1985.
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Kanda, Motohisa. A radio-frequency power delivery system: Procedures for error analysis and self-calibration. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1985.
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Kanda, Motohisa. A radio-frequency power delivery system: Procedures for error analysis and self-calibration. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1985.
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Kanda, Motohisa. A radio-frequency power delivery system: Procedures for error analysis and self-calibration. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1985.
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Bohn, Michael P. Procedures for the external event core damage frequency analyses for NUREG-1150. Washington, DC: Division of Systems Research, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1990.
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Kuhn, Gerhard. Use of frequency analysis and the extended streamflow prediction procedure to estimate evacuation dates for the joint-use pool of Pueblo Reservoir, Colorado. Denver, Colo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.
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Congendo, Marco, and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Event-Related Potentials. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0039.
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Event-related potentials (ERPs) can be elicited by a variety of stimuli and events in diverse conditions. This chapter covers the methodology of analyzing and quantifying ERPs in general. Basic models (additive, phase modulation and resetting, potential asymmetry) that account for the generation of ERPs are discussed. The principles and requirements of ensemble time averaging are presented, along with several univariate and multivariate methods that have been proposed to improve the averaging procedure: wavelet decomposition and denoising, spatial, temporal and spatio-temporal filtering. We emphasize basic concepts of principal component analysis, common spatial pattern, and blind source separation, including independent component analysis. We cover practical questions related to the averaging procedure: overlapping ERPs, correcting inter-sweep latency and amplitude variability, alternative averaging methods (e.g., median), and estimation of ERP onset. Some specific aspects of ERP analysis in the frequency domain are surveyed, along with topographic analysis, statistical testing, and classification methods.
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Velkushanova, Konstantina, Linda Strande, Mariska Ronteltap, Thammarat Koottatep, Damir Brdjanovic, and Chris Buckley, eds. Methods for Faecal Sludge Analysis. IWA Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781780409122.
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Faecal sludge management is recognized globally as an essential component of city-wide inclusive sanitation. However, a major gap in developing appropriate and adequate management and monitoring for faecal sludge is the ability to understand and predict the characteristics and volumes of accumulated faecal sludge, and correlations to source populations. Since standard methods for sampling and analysing faecal sludge do not currently exist, results are not comparable, the actual variability is not yet fully understood, and the transfer of knowledge and data between different regions and institutions can be challenging and often arbitrary. Due to this lack of standard analytical methods for faecal sludge, methods from other fields, such as wastewater management, and soil and food science are frequently applied. However, these methods are not necessarily the most suitable for faecal sludge analysis, and have not been specifically adapted for this purpose. Characteristics of faecal sludge can be different than these other matrices by orders of magnitude. There is also a lack of standard methods for sampling, which is complicated by the difficult nature of in situ sampling, the wide range of onsite sanitation technologies and potential sampling locations, and the diverse heterogeneity of faecal sludge within onsite containments and within cities. This illustrates the urgent need to establish common methods and procedures for faecal sludge characterisation, quantification, sampling, and modelling. The aim of this book is to provide a basis for standardised methods for the analysis of faecal sludge from onsite sanitation technologies, for improved communication between sanitation practitioners, and for greater confidence in the generated data. The book presents background information on types of faecal sludge, methods for sample collection, health and safety procedures for handling, case studies of experimental design, an approach for estimating faecal sludge at community to city-wide scales, modelling containment and treatment processes, recipes for simulants, and laboratory methods for faecal sludge analysis currently in use by faecal sludge laboratories. This book will be beneficial for researchers, laboratory technicians, academics, students and sanitation practitioners. ISBN13: 9781780409115 eISBN: 9781780409122
Book chapters on the topic "Frequency analysis procedures"
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Krajewski, W., A. Lepschy, S. Miani, and U. Viaro. "Robustness Analysis of Frequency-Domain PI Controller Design Procedures." In AMST’02 Advanced Manufacturing Systems and Technology, 585–92. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2555-7_67.
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Banerjee, Amal. "Radio Frequency Power Amplifier (Narrow Band, Distributed) Design Fundamentals: Design Procedures and Analysis." In Practical RF Amplifier Design and Performance Optimization with SPICE and Load- and Source-pull Techniques, 7–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62512-2_2.
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Henriques, Carla, and Clara Viseu. "Are ERDF Devoted to Boosting ICT in SMEs Inefficient? Insights Through Different DEA Models." In Springer Proceedings in Political Science and International Relations, 29–42. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18161-0_2.
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AbstractWe evaluated the execution of operational programs (OPs) targeted at increasing the adoption of information and communication technologies (ICT) in small and midsize enterprises (SMEs). As a result, we employed two different data envelopment analysis (DEA) models to evaluate 51 OPs from 16 countries, contemplating data provided to the European Union (EU). All in all, we observed that almost 20% of the OPs (10) achieved efficient procedural outcomes, with the slack-based method (SBM) and with the weighted Russel Directional Distance model (WRDDM), respectively. Two of the OPs most frequently viewed as benchmarks were in Spain (the country that uses “vouchers” simplifying processes), remaining robustly efficient for data perturbations of 5% and 10%. The ‘number of operations supported’ is the metric that necessitates more consideration according to both models. Overall, these findings show the robustness of results with both methods, highlighting a higher discriminatory power of the second method, particularly for inefficient OPs. Finally, the unsuccessful findings attained might be linked to bureaucratic procedures and SMEs’ incapacity to deal with the complicated processes involved in obtaining and implementing European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) proposals. As a result, it is critical to provide the extra help that reduces managerial requirements while also meeting the demands of SMEs.
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Hron, Igor. "(Un)Clean Hands in International Investment Arbitration: Some Cleaning Required?" In Cofola International 2021, 213–34. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-8.
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The aim of the paper is to examine the so-called doctrine of clean hands frequently utilized as a defence in Investor-State arbitration procedures under international investment agreements in cases, where the law of the host State has been violated. The paper thus provides a historical and comparative context of the doctrine at hand stemming from the common law tradition. Furthermore, it scrutinizes the status of the doctrine under contemporary international law by analysing the scholar views, as well as the jurisprudence of international bodies.
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Chatterton, Steven, Paolo Pennacchi, Andrea Vania, and Pietro Borghesani. "A Novel Procedure for the Selection of the Frequency Band in the Envelope Analysis for Rolling Element Bearing Diagnostics." In Proceedings of the 9th IFToMM International Conference on Rotor Dynamics, 421–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06590-8_33.
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Li, Q., D. Wu, and W. Gao. "Insights into the Size Effect of the Dynamic Characteristics of the Perovskite Solar Cell." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 353–57. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3330-3_37.
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AbstractDriven by government policy and incentives, solar power production has soared in the past decade and become a mainstay during the worldwide clean-power transition process. Among the various next-generation photovoltaic technologies, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are the most important emerging area of research due to their outstanding power conversion efficiency and affordable scale-up operation. We adopted the nonlocal strain gradient theory and the first-order shear deformation plate theory to investigate the size-dependent free vibration behavior of PSCs. The size-dependency in the nanostructure of the PSCs was captured by coupling the nonlocal and strain gradient parameters. In accordance with the Hamilton principle, the governing equations set was derived. Subsequently, the Galerkin procedure was applied to address the dynamic characteristics analysis of PSCs with simply supported and clamped edges. Compared with the size-insensitive traditional continuum plate model, the current multiscale framework revealed a size effect on the free vibration of the PSC. Moreover, some parametric experiments were conducted to explore the impacts of scale length parameter, nonlocal parameter, and boundary conditions on the natural frequency of the PSC.
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Shah, Milap, B. M. Zeeshan Hameed, Amelia Pietropaolo, and Bhaskar K. Somani. "Use of Drugs to Reduce the Morbidity of Ureteral Stents." In Urinary Stents, 73–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04484-7_7.
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AbstractDouble ureteral stents are amongst the commonest procedures performed in urology. However, there are complications such as infection, and encrustation associated with its use, together with uncomfortable lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The latter are known as stent related symptoms (SRS) and are commonly reported in the scientific literature. SRS mentioned in literature are urgency, frequency, dysuria, haematuria, pain in the suprapubic and flank region. These can result in decreased sexual activity, reduced work performance, as well as decreased quality of life (QoL) in more than two-third of the patients. Drugs still hold the key in reducing the morbidity related to the ureteral stents.In terms of monotherapy, Alpha blockers as well as Antimuscarinics are effective in reducing SRS. Role of Mirabegron in the field is currently gaining importance. However, combination therapy reaches better outcomes than monotherapy alone while in cases with sexual dysfunction along with stent related symptoms, PDE5-I are better than other options. The role of complementary therapy for SRS with natural remedies is promising but needs to be assessed further. More randomized studies and laboratory trials are necessary to analyse possible alternative treatments for SRS that can heavily affects patients’ quality of life.
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Harbaugh, John W., and Johannes Wendebourg. "Risk Analysis Of Petroleum Prospects." In Computers in Geology - 25 Years of Progress. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195085938.003.0012.
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Risk analysis of an oil or gas prospect requires a probability distribution with two components, a dry-hole probability plus a distribution of oil or gas volumes if there is a discovery. While these components should be estimated objectively, risk analysis as currently practiced is mostly guesswork. Geologists assign outcome probabilities without appropriate procedures or data for objective estimation. Valid estimates require frequency data on regional exploratory drilling-success ratios, frequency distributions of oil and gas field volumes, and systematic tabulations of geological variables on a prospect-by-prospect basis. Discriminant functions can be used to analyze relationships between geological variables and hydrocarbons, leading to outcome probabilities conditional on discriminant scores. These probabilities can be incorporated in risk-analysis tables to yield risk-weighted financial forecasts. Computers are required for all procedures. Prior to drilling a petroleum prospect, the likelihood of good outcomes must be weighed against the bad to obtain a risked financial estimate that combines all possibilities. Some oil operators simply contrast the value of discovery that is expected, versus the cost of a dry hole. A cashflow projection yields an estimate of the revenue that will be received if a discovery is made. This assumes an initial producing rate and an ultimate cumulative production for the operator's net revenue interest, and an oil price. When the stream of revenue is discounted and costs for the lease, the completed well, and operating expenses and taxes are subtracted, the net present value is obtained. If the hole is dry, its cost is readily estimated. Only two monetary estimates coupled with an intuitive guess about the likelihood of a producer versus a dry hole form the basis for a decision. A great deal of oil has been found by both independent operators and major oil companies using such simple decision systems. Oil companies generally use more advanced methods at present. Many require their geologists to supply probability estimates for a spectrum of outcomes for each individual prospect, ranging from the probability of a dry hole through the probability of a small discovery, a medium-sized discovery, and various magnitudes of large discoveries.
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Almudena, González, Santapau Manuel, and González Julián Jesús. "EEG Analysis during Music Perception." In Electroencephalography [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94574.
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This review presents the most interesting results of electroencephalographic studies on musical perception performed with different analysis techniques. In first place, concepts on intra-musical characteristics such as tonality, rhythm, dissonance or musical syntax, which have been object of further investigation, are introduced. Most of the studies found use listening musical extracts, sequences of notes or chords as an experimental situation, with the participants in a resting situation. There are few works with participants performing or imagining musical performance. The reviewed works have been divided into two groups: a) those that analyze the EEGs recorded in different cortical areas separately using frequency domain techniques: spectral power, phase or time domain EEG procedures such as potentials event related (ERP); b) those that investigate the interdependence between different EEG channels to evaluate the functional connectivity between different cortical areas through different statistical or synchronization indices. Most of the aspects studied in music-brain interaction are those related to musical emotions, syntax of different musical styles, musical expectation, differences between pleasant and unpleasant music and effects of musical familiarity and musical experience. Most of the works try to know the topographic maps of the brain centers, pathways and functions involved in these aspects.
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Gubicza, Jenő. "Practical Applications of X-Ray Line Profile Analysis." In Materials Science and Engineering, 1094–132. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1798-6.ch043.
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In the previous chapters, the theory and the main methods of diffraction peak profile analysis were presented. Additionally, the specialties in the measurement and the evaluation of line profiles in the cases of thin films and single crystals were discussed. In this chapter, some practical considerations are given in order to facilitate the evaluation of peak profiles and the interpretation of the results obtained by this method. For instance, the procedures for instrumental correction are overviewed. Additionally, how the prevailing dislocation slip systems and twin boundary types in hexagonal polycrystals can be determined from line profiles is shown. Besides the dislocation density, the vacancy concentration can also be obtained by the combination of electrical resistivity, calorimetric, and line profile measurements. The crystallite size and the twin boundary frequency determined by X-ray peak profile analysis are compared with the values obtained by the direct method of transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the limits of line profile analysis in the determination of crystallite size and defect densities are given. Finally, short overviews on the results obtained by peak profile analysis for metals, ceramics, and polymers are presented.
Conference papers on the topic "Frequency analysis procedures"
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Ilstad, Trygve, Tore So̸reide, and Finn Gunnar Nielsen. "Frequency Proximity for Multi-Mode VIV Interaction." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92252.
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Uneven seabed and seabed intervention may introduce free-spans in pipelines where interaction between VIV responses of several modes occurs, including longer single spans and moderate length multiple spans. A series of model tests were performed within the Ormen Lange project to study the phenomenon of multi-mode behaviour. While for a beam controlled single span the modes are well separated, the multi-span modes are closer in frequency, and a clear reduction of response amplitude is observed. For single mode response the maximum cross flow amplitude may be 1.3 times the pipeline diameter, whereas in the case of mode interaction the amplitude is restricted to below 0.8 of diameter. To benefit of the test results in detail design a general procedure is implemented into fatigue analysis where frequency proximity is implemented as a criterion for deciding cross flow amplitude. In the case of cross flow modes occurring with small frequency distance, as for multiple spans and for longer single spans, the response amplitude in cross flow direction is reduced from the maximum 1.3 of diameter. The use of frequency as a parameter instead of mode shape evaluation procedure has proven simple to implement into existing fatigue analysis schemes. The paper demonstrates the applicability of the updated analysis scheme and comparisons are made with the test cases where predicted curvatures are compared with measured data for cross flow responses. Similar analyses are also performed by procedures based on existing guideline procedures, and the effect on allowable free spans from the present update is illustrated.
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Pandey, Ajit K., Isaac Chang, Matthew R. Myers, and Rupak K. Banerjee. "Finite Element Analysis of Radio-Frequency Ablation in a Reconstructed Realistic Hepatic Geometry." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32046.
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Radio-frequency (RF) ablation is a minimally invasive procedure that has the potential for widespread use in hepatic cancer therapy. In the procedure, RF current is applied to the tissue, resulting in the conversion of electrical to heat energy and thus, a rise in temperature, with the goal of eventual tumor necrosis. Potential complications from the procedure include insufficient heating of large tumors, resulting in tumor recursion, as well as excessive thermal damage to healthy tissue. Mathematical models are valuable in predicting the temperature rise within the organ during RF ablation, thereby enhancing the success rate of the procedure. Eventually, models can be used to guide ablation procedures, by predicting the optimal set of operational parameters e.g., catheter probe geometry and placement, given patient-specific information. The present study focuses on the analysis of temperature rise within a reconstructed model of a realistic three-dimensional (3D) section of a porcine liver during RF ablation. This study calculates the effect of blood flow through arteries as well as perfusion through the liver on the time-dependent temperature distribution near the RF ablation probe (Figure 1). For a time duration of 30 min of an ablation procedure, a temperature of about 80°C could be achieved over a diameter of about 4 cm with the present RF probe. As an initial step, the present study includes isotropic hepatic tissue and blood properties.
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Christopherson, J., and G. Nakhaie Jazar. "Frequency Response of a Base Excited System With Hydraulic Mount." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42440.
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This paper investigates the frequency response analysis of a hydraulic suspension system undergoing base excitation. The nonlinearity of the hydraulic suspension due to the decoupler action is taken into account and the effects of utilizing an inertia track in the design of the hydraulic mount are also considered. The analysis focuses on the development of the equations of motion for a three degree of freedom system, and the development of an appropriate model based on the equations of motion for the system, which is essential for utilization is an optimization procedure. The analysis was conducted using common numerical procedures such that the nonlinear effects of the model may be reasonably approximated.
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Askari, Behrooz, and George Yadigaroglu. "An Advanced Frequency-Domain Code for BWR Stability Analysis and Design." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65245.
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Density Wave Oscillations in BWRs are coupled with the reactor kinetics. A new analytical, frequency-domain tool that uses the best available models and methods for modeling BWRs and analyzing their stability is described. The steady state of the core is obtained first in 3D with two-group diffusion equations and spatial expansion of the neutron fluxes in Legendre polynomials. The time-dependent neutronics equations are written in terms of flux harmonics (nodal-modal equations) for the study of “out-of-phase” instabilities. Considering separately all fuel assemblies divided into a number of axial segments, the thermal-hydraulic conservation equations are solved (drift-flux, non-equilibrium model). The thermal-hydraulics are iteratively fully coupled to the neutronics. The code takes all necessary information from plant files via an interface. The results of the steady state are used for the calculation of the transfer functions and system transfer matrices using extensively symbolic manipulation software (MATLAB). The resulting very large matrices are manipulated and inverted by special procedures developed within the MATLAB environment to obtain the reactor transfer functions that enable the study of system stability. Applications to BWRs show good agreement with measured stability data.
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Webster, Mason J., Derek M. Herbert, Peter T. Pascoal, and Justin C. Smith. "Analysis of Electrode Degradation Through the Use of Synthetic Tissue Analog." In ASME 2009 4th Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2009-83004.
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RF Ablation Efficacy Testing: Modern surgical techniques utilize radio frequency ablation tools in minimally invasive procedures around the world today. The safety and efficacy of these tools must be verified before being used in human trials. This verification is typically performed on bovine, ovine, or porcine tissues which simulate clinical use.
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Lee, Sang-Mo, Ohgeon Kwon, and Vitor Lopes Garcia. "Optimization of Reactor’s Start-Up and Shutdown Procedures by Transient Thermo-Mechanical Finite Element Analysis." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84123.
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Efficient refinery start-up and shutdown durations are vital in establishing prolonged productivity in refineries operating hydrotreating reactors. The benefits of efficient start up and shutdown cycles are extensive, and include considerable operational and cost reduction. Reduced start-up and shutdown cycles, however, require increased heating and cooling rates, which cause higher temperature gradients throughout the reactor vessel, consequently leading to higher thermal stresses, which may affect damage mechanisms and limit reactor’s life. The equipment’s OEM has defined guidelines for the reactor heating and cooling during start-up and shutdown cycles and any attempt to reduce the start-up and shutdown duration is usually limited by these guidelines. It is therefore necessary to carry out an engineering assessment to determine the effect of changing the start-up and shutdown procedures beyond the OEM guidelines on reactor’s life. Multiple thermo-mechanical Finite Element analyses for a series of different start-up/ shutdown procedures, including the current procedure, were carried out to determine the through-wall thermal gradient and stresses, and identify the most critical locations. In order to estimate convective heat transfer coefficients, Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis was utilized to describe the complex fluid flow behavior of the feedstock in the presence of catalysts and internal geometry features. Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) was adopted as a main damage mechanism to quantify the damage as a result of the changed operating conditions. It was determined that the LCF life calculated in the reactor vessel’s critical damage locations was found to be sufficiently long with respect to the frequency of start/shutdown cycles, even with operating conditions exceeding the OEM limit. Therefore, alternative guidelines were suggested to achieve the time reduction in startup/shutdown operation by increasing ramp rates without compromising structural integrity of the vessel.
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Chakrabarti, Partha, and Atul Rikhy. "Comparison of Seismic Analysis of Jacket Structures Using Response Spectrum and Time Domain Procedures." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10112.
Full textAbstract:
In seismically active areas of the world an offshore jacket structure has to be designed for seismic loads. Since the structure must meet both strength and ductility requirements, a two stage design for Strength Level Earthquake (SLE) and Ductility Level Earthquake (DLE) is generally used. Normal procedure for designing such a structure for SLE condition is to use Response Spectrum method of analysis (RSA). The main advantage of RSA is that it is computationally very efficient. Time Domain Analysis (TDA) is used mostly to analyze DLE condition. A response spectrum depicts the maximum response to a ground motion of a single degree of freedom system having different natural periods but the same degree of damping. A design response spectrum is a smoothened average of several earthquake motions. It is a property of the ground motion with a given recurrence interval at the particular region of interest. RSA is a frequency domain analysis technique based on mode superposition approach. API RP 2A specifies that the modal responses be combined using a Complete Quadratic Combination (CQC) of modal responses. For the directional response combination, API RP 2A recommends applying 100% of the spectral acceleration for the two orthogonal lateral directions and 50% for the vertical and using the Square Root of Sum of Squares (SRSS) combination to obtain the maximum response. With this approach it is possible to conduct only one analysis, with any reference system, and the resulting structure will have all members that are designed to equally resist earthquake motions from all possible directions. RSA based on mode superposition is valid strictly for a linear system. A jacket structure with its pile-soil system is not truly a linear system due to soil nonlinearity. Therefore, linearization of the pile-soil system is necessary. The stiffness of a pile is dependent on the pile head loads. Thus the response from the RSA will be very much load or deformation dependent for the pile-soil stiffness. Software used here for the analyses has an iterative analysis option for obtaining the appropriate linearized stiffness. TDA is a step by step time integration procedure for the entire system including the piles and there is no linearization involved for the foundation stiffness as the pile-soil stiffness at discrete points of the pile are calculated at each time instant within the program. The TDA is more precise for the given time history but more time consuming as a series of ground acceleration time histories are normally required for the TDA approach. The results from RSA are expected to be conservative especially for the design of piles. However, this can only be confirmed from a series of TDA performed using ground acceleration time histories. This paper demonstrates that more accurate and less conservative results can be obtained by using a combination of RSA and TDA even for SLE condition. However, several simulations for TDA are required for confidence in the design to ensure that all structural elements have achieved the maximum conditions. Essentially, RSA can be used for jacket member design and TDA can be used specifically for pile design. Thus the authors believe the design of an entire jacket could be more economical if this combined approach is judiciously used.
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Porter, Mike, and Mike Fischbach. "Investigation of Vane-Pass Frequency Vibration in a Centrifugal Pump." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25824.
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Normally, vibration at the vane-pass frequency of a centrifugal pump impeller is not expected to be problematic. Through the application of Murphy’s Law, however, problems can arise. This paper examines such a problem and discusses the process used to develop remedial measures. One of the problems in the analysis involves the separation of pump and piping causes and effects. Lessons learned during the investigation are used to develop recommendations for possible improvements in the analysis procedures for future investigations of similar problems.
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Falkenberg, Erik, Vidar A˚hjem, Kjell Larsen, Halvor Lie, and Karl Erik Kaasen. "Global Performance of Synthetic Rope Mooring Systems: Frequency Domain Analysis." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49723.
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For deep and ultra-deepwater applications, synthetic fibre ropes are considered an enabling technology due to their higher strength-to-weight ratio as compared to steel wire ropes and chains and due to their superior station-keeping performance. The advantages of synthetic fibre rope mooring systems include: • A higher floater payload and reduction in structural costs due to lower vertical load from mooring lines. • A reduction in vessel offsets and associated riser loads due to taut mooring system. • A potential reduction in installation costs due to lighter installation and handling equipment. • Superior endurance under cyclic loading compared to steel moorings. Synthetic fibre ropes have visco-elastic stiffness and stretch characteristics. The change-in-length response of a fibre rope is non-linear, load-path dependent (different unload-reload stiffness), and the length varies with the rate and duration of loading (due to elongation and contraction). The commonly accepted analysis approach is a simplification where a lower-bound and an upper-bound stiffness is used. This practice is primarily based on two factors: 1. The industry at large does not at present have a common, well-defined understanding of fibre-rope change-in-length performance. 2. There is a lack of commercially available mooring analysis programs with the capability to simulate the non-linear change-in-length response of the synthetic fibre rope. Individual designers may however have more advanced analysis procedures, but these are not commonly accepted yet. This paper presents results from the Syrope pilot study, Ref. /5/ and /6/, which has used rope testing to determine the characteristics of the elements in the spring-dashpot model. On this basis a strategy for software implementation in the frequency-domain has been proposed. A case study was performed for a semi-submersible production unit in deep water and harsh environment. The paper focuses on the differences between a commonly accepted, hereafter called traditional analysis approach and the proposed new frequency domain approach. The results show that there are large differences in extreme tensions and offsets as well as fatigue results. Hence, the new approach is considered to represent a significant improvement.
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Askari, Hassan, and Ebrahim Esmailzadeh. "Free Vibration of Micro Cantilever Beam With Electromagnetic Actuators." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20569.
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Free vibration of cantilever beam with an electromagnetic actuator is studied. The governing equation of motion of the system is developed and the electromagnetic actuation part is added to the system. The system is modeled by 1DOF vibration mode. Three different analytical solution methods, namely, Krylov and Bogoliubov, Energy Balance and Modified Energy Balance are utilized to obtain the equations of motion and the frequency response of the system. Expression for the fundamental frequency is obtained using different types of analytical procedures. Frequency responses of the system are obtained using different numerical methods and the accuracy of the proposed approaches is studied. The influence of the initial conditions on the system performance is studied and the point where, the system starts to show an unstable behavior and quasi-periodic response is identified. Phase-plane trajectories are presented to elaborately analyze the dynamical behaviors of the system. Variations of the natural frequencies for different values of actuation parameter and the initial conditions are plotted to reveal the sensitivity of the objective system.
Reports on the topic "Frequency analysis procedures"
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Melvin, Kenneth B., Joseph Neggers, and Dennis Runcie. Analysis of Most Frequency Violated Procedures Accidents,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada373183.
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Rahman, Shahedur, Rodrigo Salgado, Monica Prezzi, and Peter J. Becker. Improvement of Stiffness and Strength of Backfill Soils Through Optimization of Compaction Procedures and Specifications. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317134.
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Vibration compaction is the most effective way of compacting coarse-grained materials. The effects of vibration frequency and amplitude on the compaction density of different backfill materials commonly used by INDOT (No. 4 natural sand, No. 24 stone sand, and No. 5, No. 8, No. 43 aggregates) were studied in this research. The test materials were characterized based on the particle sizes and morphology parameters using digital image analysis technique. Small-scale laboratory compaction tests were carried out with variable frequency and amplitude of vibrations using vibratory hammer and vibratory table. The results show an increase in density with the increase in amplitude and frequency of vibration. However, the increase in density with the increase in amplitude of vibration is more pronounced for the coarse aggregates than for the sands. A comparison of the maximum dry densities of different test materials shows that the dry densities obtained after compaction using the vibratory hammer are greater than those obtained after compaction using the vibratory table when both tools were used at the highest amplitude and frequency of vibration available. Large-scale vibratory roller compaction tests were performed in the field for No. 30 backfill soil to observe the effect of vibration frequency and number of passes on the compaction density. Accelerometer sensors were attached to the roller drum (Caterpillar, model CS56B) to measure the frequency of vibration for the two different vibration settings available to the roller. For this roller and soil tested, the results show that the higher vibration setting is more effective. Direct shear tests and direct interface shear tests were performed to study the impact of particle characteristics of the coarse-grained backfill materials on interface shear resistance. The more angular the particles, the greater the shear resistance measured in the direct shear tests. A unique relationship was found between the normalized surface roughness and the ratio of critical-state interface friction angle between sand-gravel mixture with steel to the internal critical-state friction angle of the sand-gravel mixture.
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Lopez-Barrios, Michel, and Paul Peters. Definitions and Methods for Analysis of Multiple Cause of Death: A Scoping Review. Spatial Determinants of Health Lab, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/rrep/2023.sdhl.106.
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Objective: This review aims to identify and categorise demographic methods used in modelling multiple causes of death. The assumption that each death is caused by exactly one disease is debatable, as other possible diseases or causes may be associated with the main cause. Hence, the multiple causes of death approach is essential for understanding mortality. Therefore, through this study, we will carry out a Scoping Review of the existing literature on the topic of MCOD. Inclusion criteria: This review considers literature pertaining to methods for the analysis and utilization of multiple cause of death data. Papers that discuss the methods used as well as the strengths and limitations of multiple cause of death approach will be considered for this study. Methods: Preliminary searches were conducted in July 2022 and focussed on concepts of multiple cause of death mortality and multiple causes of death. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus and was conducted in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese. There were no time constraints on the studies to be included in this review. Articles were initially screened by title and abstract and then reviewed by full text by three independent reviewers. Two reviewers extracted the data from the eligible articles. Results: A total of 769 papers were reviewed at the abstract and title level. Of these, 124 were screened for full-text eligibility. A total of 53 articles were included in the final analysis. Among the articles included, 31 were articles from the United States, 14 were from Europe and 8 were from other countries. The papers were categorized as methodological (33) papers, data assessment papers (19), papers discussing socioeconomic differences in mortality (13) and mixed method papers (11). Conclusions: There are many different types of methodologies and procedures used to analyse multiple cause of death statistics. All papers included in this study used descriptive methods (mostly frequency tables and cross-tabulations) to analyze multiple cause of death data, and almost half of them use visualizations to model the results. One of the most common limitations cited among the articles is the comparability of the statistics. Accurate data and analysis of vital statistics require resources, and many countries do not have the to report high-quality statistics. This could explain why most of the papers selected for this study focused on data from developed countries.
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Singh, Anjali. Estimating the Chiasma Frequency in Diplotene-Diakinesis Stage. ConductScience, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55157/cs20200925.
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Chiasma is the point of crossing over or site where the exchange of genetic material takes place between two homologous, non-sister chromatids. The crossover occurs in the pachytene stage, however, it is observed in the diplotene stage of meiosis-I[2]. The cross-over between the two homologs also creates a new combination of parental genes, forming recombinants. The recombination of the genes causes variation in the population and exert a profound effect on genomic diversity and evolution. Meiotic recombination and variation in the population have been a concern for scientists to understand the impact and significance of crossing over in a population. Over time, various techniques, such as immunolocalization and electron microscopy of recombination nodules[2], were discovered for the analysis of meiotic recombination and quantification of crossing over. However, estimation of chiasma frequency is the traditional method followed widely to understand the phenomenon. Chiasma Frequency is defined as the estimation of the level of genetic recombination in a population. It is especially very effective to estimate the genetic recombination in organisms in which genetic analysis is impossible/difficult to perform[2]. So, this article is a layout of the origin of the concept of chiasmata, the factors affecting chiasma frequency, and its distribution in chromosomes. Also discussed, is the procedure for estimating chiasma frequency in plants as well as animals.
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Bonthron, Leslie, Corey Beck, Alana Lund, Farida Mahmud, Xin Zhang, Rebeca Orellana Montano, Shirley J. Dyke, Julio Ramirez, Yenan Cao, and George Mavroeidis. Empowering the Indiana Bridge Inventory Database Toward Rapid Seismic Vulnerability Assessment. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317282.
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With the recent identification of the Wabash Valley Seismic Zone in addition to the New Madrid Seismic Zone, Indiana’s Department of Transportation (INDOT) has become concerned with ensuring the adequate seismic performance of their bridge network. While INDOT made an effort to reduce the seismic vulnerability of newly-constructed bridges, many less recent bridges still have the potential for vulnerability. Analyzing these bridges’ seismic vulnerability is a vital task. However, developing a detailed dynamic model for every bridge in the state using information from structural drawings is rather tedious and time-consuming. In this study, we develop a simplified dynamic assessment procedure using readily-available information from INDOT’s Bridge Asset Management Program (BIAS), to rapidly identify vulnerable bridges throughout the state. Eight additional data items are recommended to be added into BIAS to support the procedure. The procedure is applied in the Excel file to create a tool, which is able to automatically implement the simplified bridge seismic analysis procedure. The simplified dynamic assessment procedure and the Excel tool enable INDOT to perform seismic vulnerability assessment and identify bridges more frequently. INDOT can prioritize these bridges for seismic retrofits and efficiently ensure the adequate seismic performance of their assets.
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Kwak, Sang Gyu, Yoo Jin Choo, Soyoung Kwak, and Min Cheol Chang. Efficacy of Transforaminal, Interlaminar, and Caudal Epidural Injections in Lumbosacral Disc Herniation: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0091.
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Review question / Objective: Epidural injection (EI) has been used to manage lower back or radicular leg pain from herniation of lumbar disc (HLD). Three types of EI techniques, including transforaminal (TFEI) interlaminar (ILEI), and caudal epidural injections (CEI), are being applied. We aimed to evaluate the comparative effect of TFESI, ILEI, and CEI for reducing pain or improving function in patients with HLD. Condition being studied: For controlling inflammation by the HLD, various oral medications and procedures are used. Among these therapeutic methods, EI of the drugs is frequently used in clinical practice. Its positive HLD-induced pain reducing effect was reported in several previous studies. Three types of techniques, including TFEI, ILEI, and CEI, have been utilized in clinical practice. conflicting outcomes as to which technique is superior were reported in previous studies. So far, some meta-analysis studies for comparing the effects of different EI techniques on HLD were conducted. However, these previous studies conducted comparison between two procedures among TFEI, ILEI, and CEI. In the current study, using network meta-analysis, we synthesize and compare the effects of TFEI, ILEI, and CEI on pain from HLD, together.
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de Carvalho, Clístenes Crístian, Ioannis Kapsokalyvas, and Kariem El-Boghdadly. Second-generation supraglottic airways vs endotracheal tubes in adults undergoing abdominopelvic surgeries: a protocol for a systematic review with pairwise meta-analyses of randomised clinical trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0041.
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Review question / Objective: We aim to compare second-generation supraglottic airways with endotracheal tubes for perioperative safety and quality of postoperative recovery as well as for ventilation performance and risk of pulmonary aspiration. Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria will be as follows: randomized clinical trials; human patients aged ≥ 16 years undergoing abdominopelvic procedures under general anaesthesia from any population (e.g., general population, pregnant women, obese patients); data available on any outcome related to insertion performance (e.g., failed first attempt, failed insertion, and time to insertion), ventilation efficacy (e.g., leak pressure, leak fraction, and ventilation inadequacy), risk of regurgitation and aspiration (e.g., gastric insufflation, regurgitation, and aspiration), quality of postoperative recovery (e.g., sore throat, hoarseness, and postoperative nausea and vomiting [PONV]), and major complications (e.g., laryngospasm, bronchospasm, and hypoxemia); and comparison between any second-generation SGA and an endotracheal tube. We will exclude: studies reported in a language that prevent us of extracting relevant information; outcomes with no objective data presented (i.e., effect sizes, measures of dispersion, frequency, etc.); and studies with contradictory data.
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Ahmad, Noshin S., Raul Pineda-Mendez, Fahad Alqahtani, Mario Romero, Jose Thomaz, and Andrew P. Tarko. Effective Design and Operation of Pedestrian Crossings. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317438.
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Pedestrians are vulnerable road users since they are prone to more severe injuries in any vehicular collision. While innovative solutions promise improved pedestrian safety, a careful analysis of local conditions is required before selecting proper corrective measures. This research study had two focuses: (1) methodology to identify roads and areas in Indiana where the frequency and severity of pedestrian collisions are heightened above the acceptable level, and (2) selecting effective countermeasures to mitigate or eliminate safety-critical conditions. Two general methods of identifying specific pedestrian safety concerns were proposed: (1) area-wide analysis, and (2) road-focused analysis. A suitable tool, Safety Needs Analysis Program (SNAP), is currently under development by the research team and is likely the future method to implement an area-wide type of analysis. The following models have been developed to facilitate the road-focused analysis: (1) pedestrian crossing activity level to fill the gap in pedestrian traffic data, and (2) crash probability and severity models to estimate the risk of pedestrian crashes around urban intersections in Indiana. The pedestrian safety model was effectively utilized in screening and identifying high-risk urban intersection segments for safety audits and improvements. In addition, detailed guidance was provided for many potential pedestrian safety countermeasures with specific behavioral and road conditions that justify these countermeasures. Furthermore, a procedure was presented to predict the economic feasibility of the countermeasures based on crash reduction factors. The findings of this study should help expand the existing RoadHAT tool used by the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) to emphasize and strengthen pedestrian safety considerations in the current tool.
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RRS/Schirmer. PR-339-093708-R01 Survey for Control Room Operators and Operations Specialists Usability Study. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010714.
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The purpose of the Human Factors Analysis of Pipeline Monitoring and Control Operations project (Battelle, 2008) was to develop procedures that could be used by liquid pipeline operators to assess and manage the human factors risks in their control rooms that may adversely affect pipeline monitoring and control operations. Two paper surveys were developed: 1. A survey for Control Room Operators (CROs) that consists of 138 questions designed to understand the human factors that affect the CRO�s ability to safely and efficiently monitor and control pipeline operations in the control room. The survey asks CROs to estimate how frequently each of the 138 issues occur in the control room environment. The results of the survey are intended to identify issues that require improvement. 2. A survey for Operations Specialists (OSs) that ranks the �Risk Likelihood� of each of the same 138 questions. A process was developed that multiplies the median scores from the CRO and OS survey questions to provide a risk score for each of the 138 questions.
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Lee, Wall, and Burch. L52333 NDE and Inspection Techniques Applied to Composite Wrap Repairs. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010468.
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The objective includes: Assess commercially available inspection methods to validate integrity of composite repair systems. Identify applicability to inspect composite overwrap and parent metal for both onshore and sub-sea pipelines (where information is available). Identify sources of data to include other users of composite materials(aerospace/aircraft, naval/ship repairs). Identify procedures and technologies to assess inspection effectiveness and provide a gap analysis. Interface with other PRCI projects on long-term testing of composite repairs and other joint industry projects on composite repairs to improve our understanding of long term durability of repairs. Identify global experience with composite repairs; not just North America. For general wall loss, radiography or electromagnetic techniques appear to be the best candidates. Standard radiography techniques can detect changes in wall thickness over a large area. Saturated low frequency systems, e.g. SLOFEC are good for a quick rapid scan of the area of interest. Pulsed eddy current, e.g. PEC, is also available for a general survey of the underlying substrate. For pinhole leaks, the electromagnetic techniques do not have sufficient resolution to detect defects of order 20 mm (0.8 in.) diameter and less. Standard radiography techniques can detect pinhole leaks down to diameters of 3 mm (0.12 in.) or less. Tangential radiography techniques are generally good for defect sizing but there are practical limitations with chord length (i.e. beam path through the pipe wall). Ultrasonic techniques could offer a potential solution but is currently limited due to the high attenuation of the composite repair material where through the repair inspection could only detect large diameter defects greater than 25 mm (1 in.) diameter on thin repairs less than 5 mm (0.2 in.). Detecting pin hole defects by applying the ultrasound along the axial direction of the substrate, effectively skipping the ultrasound under the repair, showed more promise. For delamination or debonding of the interface between the composite laminate and the steel substrate, laser shearography and microwave inspection appear to offer the best solution. Currently there is no single inspection technique that can be applied with confidence to the inspection of interfacial delaminations. Further developments are on-going to provide a solution to this challenging inspection problem. Acoustic emission is able to give an overall picture of the damage within the composite under live loads. It can be used as a QA tool to test the integrity of the repair. However, it is difficult to interpret the signals to gain any quantitative information about a particular defect.