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Desclaux, Jessica. "Les voyages de Maurice Barrès." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040156.
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L’enjeu de cette étude est de défiger l’image du patriote lorrain enraciné dans sa petite patrie, qui l’emporta dans l’histoire littéraire : à Barrès, défenseur de l’enracinement, répondrait Gide, le voyageur. De 1887 à 1923, Maurice Barrès effectua une quarantaine de voyages à l’étranger. En repartant du chapitre qu’Albert Thibaudet consacra au voyageur dans La Vie de Maurice Barrès, oninterrogea l’hypothèse selon laquelle Barrès se forma un itinéraire esthétique et intellectuel à partir de ses voyages. Contre la dualité diachronique de l’écrivain, qui passa du Culte du Moi au Roman de l’énergie nationale, on dégagea une trajectoire en quatre temps : Barrès se mit à l’école de l’Italie, de l’Espagne, de l’Orient, et, durant la période de définition de son nationalisme, interrogeaparticulièrement la leçon de la Grèce. En plus de considérer le voyage comme un lieu éduquant l’esthète et l’écrivain, on analysa l’instruction apportée par l’étranger à l’homme politique. À cette fin, on fonda la réflexion sur les manuscrits du fonds Barrès de la BnF et on privilégia une approche génétique, qui remette en mouvement l’écrivain. Par l’intermédiaire de Barrès, on entend saisir larenaissance que connut le voyage d’écrivain, sous l’influence du modèle des esthètes anglais, dans le contexte des redécouvertes artistiques et de la montée des tensions internationales<br>The aim of this thesis is to challenge the prevailing image of Maurice Barrès in literary history as a patriotic native of Lorraine, deeply rooted in his homeland: Barrès is considered a defender of local roots, as opposed to Gide, seen as a traveller. From 1887 to 1923, Maurice Barrès made around forty journeys abroad. In revisiting the chapter which Albert Thibaudet dedicated to the traveller in La Vie de Maurice Barrès (The Life of Maurice Barrès), we question the hypothesis that Barrès shaped himself an aesthetic and intellectual path, drawing from his travels. Against the diachronic duality of the writer, whose mind-set evolved between publication of the Culte du Moi (The Cult of the Self) and the Roman de l'énergie nationale (Novel of National Energy), there emerges a four step path: he looked to and was influenced by different schools of thought from Italy, Spain, the Orient and, during the period in which his sense of nationalism was formed, he examined the Greek lesson in particular. As well as considering travel as something which educated both the aesthete and the writer, we analyse the knowledge acquired by the politician on his travels abroad. To that end, focus is placed upon manuscripts from the Barrès fonds of the BnF and the emphasis is on a genetic approach. Through Barrès, we follow the rebirth of the writer's journey, influenced by the model of the English aesthetes, in the context of artistic rediscoveries and a rise in international tensions
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Hollsten, Laura. "Knowing nature : knowledge of nature in seventeenth century French and English travel accounts from the Caribbean /." Åbo : Institutionen för språk och kulture, Humanistiska fakulteten, Åbo Akademi, 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0713/2006499859.html.
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Moon, Hi Kyung. "Fictitious travellers in French and English literature : a summary of imaginary voyages from Cyrano de Bergerac to Oliver Goldsmith (1657-1762)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305671.
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Estelmann, Frank. "Sphinx aus Papier : Ägypten im französischen Reisebericht von der Aufklärung bis zum Symbolismus /." Heidelberg Winter, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2871202&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Benardi, Roberto. "Le voyage au Canada français et en Amérique du Nord, exotisme et modernité dans la France de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0017/NQ47593.pdf.
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McDonald, Jeanette. "The Role of Ethics on Tourist Destination Image Formation : An Analysis of the French Student Travel Market." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0046/document.
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L’industrie du tourisme est reconnue comme partie intégrante de l’économie dans un environnement mondial soumis à des influences macro difficiles à gérer et à maîtriser. Le tourisme alternatif tel que le tourisme éthique, est considéré comme une solution durable pour une industrie d’une grande importance dans le monde et qui représente une possibilité de survie économique pour certains pays. L’objectif de cette recherche était d’évaluer la perception du rôle de l’éthique sur la formation de l’image d’une destination touristique par un public étudiant voyageur français, et son influence sur ses choix. La méthode choisie a été principalement une approche constructiviste et qualitative permettant de transférer la contribution des connaissances à plusieurs disciplines, et a engendré des implications managériales dans l’industrie du tourisme. Les résultats démontrent que, bien que l’image éthique d’une destination touristique est principalement influencée par les aspects sociaux et environnementaux, pèsent également des considérations de gestion qui découlent des implications économiques et politiques du tourisme et des activités touristiques. Ces considérations seront essentielles lors de l’élaboration de futurs produits touristiques pour le marché cible que sont les futurs visiteurs dans un environnement mondial de plus en plus accessible<br>The tourism industry has proven to be an economic reliance in a global environment that is subject to macro influences that are difficult to manage and sustain. Alternative tourism, such as Ethical tourism, is seen to be a sustainable solution for an industry that holds much importance worldwide and for some countries, presents economic survival. The aim of this research was to evaluate how the French student travel market perceive the role of ethics on tourist destination image formation and its influence on holiday choice. This was primarily achieved by adopting a constructivist and qualitative approach that allowed for rich knowledge of contribution to be transferred to several academic disciplines and provided managerial implications for the tourism industry. Findings show that although an ethical tourist destination image is principally influenced by social and environmental impacts, there are also managerial considerations that derive from the economic and political implications that come from tourism and tourist activity. These considerations will be key when developing future tourism products for a target market who are the future visitors of an ever increasing accessible global environment
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Chambrier, Pauline. "La réception de l'architecture française aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles par les contemporains : témoignages écrits et graphiques." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR2028.
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Sans conteste, la réception de l'architecture française aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles par les contemporains français et étrangers manque à l'étude. Les visiteurs restent mal connus bien qu'ils soient les spectateurs de grandes manifestation architecturales. Leurs descriptions et leurs représentations des palais, des châteaux, mais aussi des églises, des ponts, des fortifications, des jardins et de leurs semblables permettent pourtant, une fois rassemblées, de définir le goût architectural d'une époque et d'une nation. Il était par conséquent primordial de constituer un corpus des textes et des images des XVIe et XVIIe siècles relatifs à l'architecture française et de l'analyser dans le détail. Les textes manuscrits, imprimés et les représentations graphiques laissés par les historiens, les antiquaires et les géographes, ainsi que les récits de voyages et les journaux rédigés par des notables curieux , des étudiants, voire des anonymes furent pris en compte pour répondre à trois grandes questions : qui sont les acteurs de cette réception, quelles sont les conditions de leurs visites et quels sont, à leurs yeux, les plus excellents bâtiments de France. Ces questions, si évidentes puissent-elles paraître, n'ont jamais été abordées. Or elles forment des clefs de lecture qu'il ne faut plus ignorer, d'autant qu'elles dissimulent des détails sur l'architecture qui s'avèrent nouveaux, uniques, incontournables<br>The reception of French architecture in the 16th and 17th centuries by French and foreign contemporaries is unquestionably lacking. Visitors remain unknown, even though they are the spectators of great architectural shows. Their descriptions and mental images of palaces and stately homes, and also of churches, bridges, fortifications, gardens and their like, however, once reassembled enable one, to define the architectural flavour of a period and of a nation. It was thus essential to build up a coprus of texts and images of the 16th and 17th centuries and to analyse them in detail. Handwritten texts, printed documents and graphic representations left behind by antique dealers and geographers as well as travel diaries and newspapers written by inquiring notaries, scholars or even anonymous people were all analysed in an attempt to answer three important questions, namely who are the people behind this reception? In which conditions did their vsits take place? And in their view, what are the most outstanding buildings in France? However self-evident these questions may seem, they have never been tackled. And yet they form the clues to our reading which must no longer be ignored, even more so as they conceal the details of architecture which transpires to be new, unique, and not to be missed
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Ravet, David. "Didactique du texte de voyage au XXème siècle : dans une perspective interculturelle et transartistique pour des classes de Français Langue Etrangère de niveau supérieur." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030003.
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Notre thèse est consacrée à la didactique des textes de voyage au XXème siècle d’Apollinaire à Kessel. Elle concerne des étudiants de Français Langue Étrangère de niveau supérieur. Elle adopte une perspective interculturelle et interartistique confrontant la littérature aux arts plastiques (peinture, photographie, affiche), au cinéma et à la musique. Nous étudions plusieurs thématiques et genres de la littérature de voyage : la poésie viatique d’Apollinaire et de Cendrars ; la représentation de New York dans la littérature française et la peinture américaine des années 1910 aux années 1950 ; les textes anticolonialistes de Gide, Nizan, Céline (confrontés aux affiches colonialistes) ; et les grands reportages engagés d’Albert Londres et de Kessel. Nous mettons en place une méthodologie transartistique visant à renouveler les analyses littéraires traditionnelles et la didactique de la littérature. Nous proposons aux enseignants des programmes pédagogiques très précis qui permettront aux étudiants de développer des compétences culturelles de haut niveau dans les domaines de la littérature, des arts plastiques et de la musique. Notre thèse pourra ainsi servir de base à la création de séminaires, d’ateliers d’écriture et de programmes culturels dans les départements de français des universités étrangères, dans les instituts français, pour le réseau des Alliances françaises ou pour les institutions de F. L. E. En France<br>This thesis constitutes an elaboration of a method for teaching twentieth century travel literature from Apollinaire to Kessel. It is intended for advanced students of French as a Foreign Language. It adopts a cross-cultural and multi-disciplinary approach, ranging from the study of literature and the plastic arts (painting, photography and posters) to cinema and music. The thesis focuses on several themes and genres of travel literature : the travel poetry of Apollinaire and Cendrars ; the representation of New York in French literature and American painting from 1910 to the 1950s ; the anti-colonial texts of Gide, Nizan and Céline (in direct confrontation with the colonialists’ posters) ; and the politically committed reporting of Albert Londres and Kessel. We establish a multi-disciplinary methodology which aims to cast a new light on traditional literary analysis and teaching. In addition, we propose a number of very precise educational syllabuses which will permit students to develop cultural skills to a high level in literature, the plastic arts, and music. This thesis could thus be a basis for the creation of seminars, writing workshops, and cultural programs in the French departments of foreign universities, in French institutes, for the Alliance Française network, or for the F. L. E. (French as a Foreign Language) institutes in France
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Vauloup, Jeanne. "D’une Grèce l’autre : l’écriture de l’histoire dans les récits de voyage en Grèce de Chateaubriand et Edgar Quinet." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAL013/document.
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Au sortir de la domination ottomane, les voyageurs français se rendent en Grèce dans l’optique de parcourir une terre chargée d’histoire, au passé glorieux mais au présent décevant. Chateaubriand et Quinet sont de ces écrivains-voyageurs qui rendent compte de la situation de crise vécue au tournant de la guerre d’indépendance hellène (1821-1830). Au travers de leur regard d’ « hommes-frontières » – à la fois écrivains et historiens – ces peintres français du paysage grec ont décrit une Hellade plurivoque, au début et à la fin de la guerre de soulèvement national. Cette étude questionne l’intrusion de l’histoire dans leurs récits de voyage fictionnels et rend compte de la fabrique de leur pensée grecque sise au cœur de leurs carrières respectives. L’historiographie romantique en est alors à ses prémisses dans la mesure où l’histoire émerge à peine comme discipline scientifique. C’est pourquoi, par le prisme de la littérature et de l’imagination, le récit de voyage se présente comme un genre idoine à l’écriture de l’histoire, propre à la fragmentation des discours par le travail du palimpseste. Tels des Janus aux yeux tournés vers le passé autant que vers l’avenir, Chateaubriand et Quinet en Grèce s’inscrivent dans l’histoire de leur temps, au tournant des Révolutions européennes, par le biais d’une écriture de l’histoire immédiate tout en peignant des paysages à portée historique<br>Early after the fall of the ottoman domination, the French travelers went to Greece in order to wander through a land full of history, with a glorious past but a deceiving present. Chateaubriand and Quinet were writers and travelers who reported the crisis lived at the turning point of the Hellenic war of independence (1821-1830). Through their gaze of “borders-men” – both writers and historians – these French painters of the Greek landscape described a plurivocal Hellade, at the beginning and the end of the war of national uprising. This study question the intrusion of history in their fictional travel narratives and report the making of their Greek thought situated at the heart of their respective career. The romantic historiography was just at its premises because history as a scientific discipline was barely emerging. Thus, through the prism of literature and imagination, travel narrative was a fitting genre for writing history, propitious to the fragmentation of speeches by the work of palimpsest. As Januses with their eyes turned to the past as well as to the future, in Greece, Chateaubriand and Quinet inscribed themselves in the history of their time, at the turning point of the European Revolutions, through a writing of the immediate history while painting landscapes with historical dimension
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Prud'Homme, Pascale. "La "forme-sens" dans le recueil de contes et nouvelles La fin du voyage d'Albert Laberge." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9519.
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Cette these se divise en deu chapitres. Le premier, qui analyse le discours narratif proprement dit, a pour objet de degager les attitudes discursives que Laberge privilegie et les procedes narratifs somme toute assez reduits qu'il emploie avec insistance, pour produire une structure circulaire et traduire une utilisation circulaire et obsedante du discours. Le deuxieme chapitre s'interesse davantage a la diegese. Il s'agit d'une analyse de la facon particuliere de Laberge de creer une action, des personnages et un espace circulaire. Le chapitre passe en revue les composantes typiques de l'action dans le recueil La Fin du voyage et les procedes de caracterisation des personnages. La derniere partie du chapitre fait l'etude de l'orchestration des elements de l'action et de la dimension geographique, afin de bien mettre a jour l'architecture circulaire de l'action. L'etude formelle du recueil La Fin du voyage se veut une lecture formelle visant a mettre en valeur la dynamique qui existe entre les nouvelles qui le compose et mettre en valeur l'image obsedante d'un univers dans lequel toute evolution, tout veritable changement semblent exclus. Elle revele aussi que les nouvelles de ce recueil sont composees a partir de procedes en partie similaires a ceux degages par Boucher et Vuong-Riddick pour La Scouine. Il semble donc que Laberge, peu importe le genre dans leguel il cree, applique les memes techniques de creation, le meme art d'ecrire, afin de produire la meme conception du monde. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Kouzini, Maria-Eleni. "Regards sur la continuité de l'hellénisme chez les écrivains français du XXème siècle (1947-1967) : une image de la Grèce reconstruite." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00806847.
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Ce travail se propose de définir la représentation de la Grèce chez dix voyageurs français qui visitent le pays entre 1947, fin de la guerre civile grecque, et 1967, début de la dictature des Colonels. Le corpus est constitué des écrivains suivants : Jacques Lacarrière, Robert Levesque, Jean Cau, Jean Cocteau, Roger Milliex, Michel Butor, André Malraux, Michel Déon, Jacques Chardonne et Thierry Maulnier. Tous partent avec une solide culture classique et une image stéréotypée de la Grèce, qu'ils ont à confronter avec la réalité. Les traces des guerres, des guerres balkaniques aux guerres civiles, sont très visibles, notamment dans les villes et la misère de la population est très sensible. Pourtant, les voyageurs français sont tous à la recherche des stéréotypes véhiculés en Europe. S'ils ne sont pas déçus par les paysages grecs, ils ont de la peine à retrouver les Grecs dans les Grecs. Ils se font l'écho des théories élaborées ou reprises au XIXème siècle, selon lesquelles les Grecs n'ont plus rien de commun avec les Grecs de l'Antiquité ou qu'ils sont dégénérés. Pourtant chacun fait des efforts parfois vains, pour trouver une continuité dans la Grèce, en confrontant types humains contemporains, moeurs et coutumes, voire langue, aux réalités correspondantes antiques. L'élément religieux, dont ils n'ignorent pas qu'il constitue une rupture, est analysé en terme de syncrétisme, ou clairement rattaché à Byzance, considérée comme une étape de l'histoire de la Grèce. Mais il ressort de l'ensemble des textes, plus ou moins explicitement, que les véritables héritiers de la Grèce antique sont les Européens, auprès desquels les Grecs peuvent réapprendre à être ce qu'ils étaient autrefois.
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Assunção, Islene França de. "O universo autoficcional de J. M. G. Le Clézio : Voyage à Rodrigues, Onitsha, L'Africain e Ritournelle de la faim /." Araraquara, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183155.
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Orientador: Ana Luiza Silva Camarani<br>Banca: Adalberto Luis Vicente<br>Banca: Andressa Cristina de Oliveira<br>Banca: Betina Ribeiro Rodrigues da Cunha<br>Banca: Luciana Moura Colucci de Camargo<br>Resumo: Voyage à Rodrigues, Onitsha, L'Africain e Ritournelle de la faim são textos que acompanham as mutações da literatura francesa contemporânea, seguindo as tendências da escrita de si, mas, ao mesmo tempo, distanciando-se da linha tradicional da biografia e da autobiografia e assemelhando-se à nova forma recentemente surgida no universo autobiográfico, identificada como autoficção. Tendo em vista que a necessidade de compreensão de si mesmo exige uma interrogação concernente ao passado e à origem, nessas obras, os protagonistas empreendem uma viagem no tempo e no espaço rumo ao passado, a fim de narrar fatos da infância, da vida dos pais e antepassados ou de alguma pessoa que tenha importância em suas histórias de vida. Traduzindo um desejo geral da própria época corrente, a obra de Le Clézio confirma a obstinação dos escritores contemporâneos em encontrar a herança perdida e evitar a irremediável passagem do tempo. Esse retorno ao passado constitui uma partida cujo fim é a busca de si mesmo, uma vez que, no esforço de descobrir as origens, os heróis manifestam o desejo de recuperar a identidade perdida, de suprir uma falta e/ou de restituir a dignidade roubada a um dos membros de suas famílias. A viagem (real ou figurada) e a escrita tomam, por conseguinte, uma dimensão iniciática, já que se desvelam como produtos de uma busca identitária, assumindo o papel de mediadoras do autoconhecimento e de preservação da memória, devido à capacidade de resistir à passagem do tempo, fazend... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Résumé: Voyage à Rodrigues, Onitsha, L‟Africain et Ritournelle de la faim sont des récits qui accompagnent les mutations de la littérature française contemporaine en suivant les tendances de l'écriture de soi, mais en même temps s' éloignent de la voie traditionnelle de la biographie et de l'autobiographie et se rassemblent à la nouvelle forme née récemment dans l'univers autobiographique, identifiées comme «autofiction ». Étant donné que le besoin de la compréhension de soi-même exige une interrogation concernant le passé et l'origine, dans ces oeuvres les protagonistes entreprennent un voyage vers le passé dans le temps et dans l'espace, afin de raconter des faits de leur enfance, de la vie de leurs parents, de leurs ancêtres ou de n'importe quelle personne qui a de l'importance dans leurs histoires de vie. En traduisant une envie générale à la propre époque actuelle, l'oeuvre leclézienne va attester l'obstination des écrivains contemporains de retrouver l'héritage perdu et d'éviter l'irrémédiable passage du temps. Ce retour au passé va constituer un départ dont le but est la quête de soi-même, car dans l'effort de découvrir les origines, les héros expriment le désir de retrouver l'identité perdue, de pallier un manque ou de restituer la dignité enlevée à un des membres de leurs familles. Le voyage (réelle ou figurée) et l'écriture prennent, par conséquent, une dimension initiatique, puisqu'ils se montrent comme des produits d'une quête identitaire en jouant le rôle de médiateurs d... (Résumé complet accès életronique ci-dessous)<br>Doutor
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Latowsky, Anne Austin. "Imaginative possession : Charlemagne and the East from Einhard to the Voyage of Charlemagne /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8309.
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Bruguier, Nathalie. "D'une France l'autre : voyage et écriture à la Renaissance (1550-1598)." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33273.
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Turks and Indians are the two major figures of the Other in French Renaissance literature. The purpose of this thesis is to explore otherness from a closer point of view by analysing the discursive allusions of the inhabitants of the South of the French Kingdom, particularly those of the "Province de Languedoc" throughout a collection of texts from the second half of the 16th century, whether they be strictly of a literary, historical or geographical source. Using the imagology method, the idea of the South being a key space in the emergence of the French identity is challenged.<br>First of all, the South legislates as a land of industrious administrators. However, even if it shows a claim for independence---a secularly evidenced fact---it nevertheless remains subject to the French Crown. Southerners, with identical customs as those of the French, are already part of this political entity. Schismatic area par excellence that tears the State apart, shown by numerous Huguenot patches in the Languedoc region, it is about to embrace the faith of the Same. This tendency occurs together with the linguistic phenomenon: the use of the French language develops at the same time as the practice of Law. The various parameters that distinguish the Other from the Same tend to converge to make the Southerner a subject per se of the Kingdom of the Valois. Far from questioning the foundation of the modern French identity, the people of Languedoc and other Southerners, with a rich distinct set of customs, contribute to it in several ways.
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Couture, François. "Le récit de voyage canadien-français au XIXe siècle analyse du succès d'une pratique littéraire." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ26560.pdf.
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Santos, Luiza Guimarães. "O gênero itinéraire de voyage para pensar o agir social no ensino-aprendizagem do FLE." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8146/tde-26102012-122158/.
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Esta dissertação tem por objetivo, primeiramente, estudar como o trabalho com gêneros textuais, neste caso o itinéraire de voyage, pode contribuir para a produção escrita dos alunos e, portanto, para o ensino-aprendizagem do francês língua estrangeira (FLE). Além disso, temos a intenção de refletir sobre uma perspectiva de ensino e aprendizagem do FLE mais adaptada ao contexto brasileiro, baseada tanto nos gêneros textuais quanto na perspectiva acional, a partir da noção de agir social. Com isso, visamos a contribuir para as reflexões sobre: o ensino de gêneros textuais; o ensino e aprendizagem do FLE e das línguas estrangeiras em geral; e os estudos sobre a perspectiva acional. A fundamentação teórica desta pesquisa apoia-se, em primeira instância, no interacionismo sociodiscursivo (ISD), por meio dos trabalhos desenvolvidos por Bronckart (1999, 2006, 2008) e por outros pesquisadores do mesmo quadro teórico (Schneuwly & Dolz, 2004; Machado, 2009), que se aprofundaram na questão dos gêneros textuais. Além disso, tomamos como referência as proposições do Quadro Europeu Comum de Referência (QECR) quanto à utilização da perspectiva acional no ensino de línguas estrangeiras. O QECR, por se colocar como uma ferramenta descritiva, não explica como transpor suas propostas para a sala de aula e, por isso, este estudo propõe que a abordagem dos gêneros textuais sirva como uma forma de aplicação prática da perspectiva acional em classe. Para alcançarmos nossos objetivos, construímos o modelo didático do gênero itinéraire de voyage, elaboramos uma sequência didática e a aplicamos em duas turmas diferentes. Paralelamente, fizemos a aplicação, em uma turma, da sequência de atividades proposta pelo livro Alter Ego e que trabalha esse mesmo gênero textual. Em seguida, analisamos as produções escritas dos alunos nos três contextos, utilizando o modelo de análise de textos do ISD, procurando compará-las entre si e com o modelo didático do gênero itinéraire de voyage. Se partirmos da premissa de que o agir se realiza por meio de textos, para agir em língua estrangeira o aluno precisaria dominar determinados gêneros textuais. Assim, se os alunos se apropriarem dos gêneros textuais, eles poderão agir em língua estrangeira, e poderão constituir-se como atores sociais, o que justifica a importância de seu ensino sistemático. Os resultados de nossa pesquisa mostraram que o trabalho com gêneros oferece uma possibilidade de desenvolver as capacidades de linguagem dos alunos e de colocá-los em situações muito próximas das reais, porém é necessário adaptar os materiais e as sequências didáticas às características do contexto em que é aplicado.<br>This thesis aims to study how the work with textual genres, in this case the itinéraire de voyage (travel itinerary), may contribute to the written production of students and, therefore, for teaching and learning of French as a foreign language (FLE). In addition, we intend to reflect about a perspective of teaching and learning of FLE more adapted to the Brazilian context, based on both the textual genres and the action-oriented approach and on the notion of social action. Therewith, we aim to contribute to the reflections on: the teaching of textual genres; the teaching and learning of FLE and of foreign languages in general; and the studies about the action-oriented approach. The theoretical basis of this research is supported, in first instance, by socio-discursive interactionism (ISD), through the work done by Bronckart (1999, 2006, 2008) and other researchers from the same theoretical framework (Dolz & Schneuwly, 2004; Machado , 2009), which deepened the issue of textual genres. Furthermore, we refer the proposals of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) and the use of action-oriented approach in teaching of foreign languages. The CEFR, as a descriptive tool, does not explain how to implement its proposals in the classroom. Therefore, this study suggests that the approach of textual genres can be used as a way of practical application of action-oriented approach. To achieve our goals, we built the didatic model of the textual genre itinéraire de voyage, we developed a didactic sequence and applied it in two different classes. In parallel, we applied, in one class, the sequence of activities proposed by the textbook Alter Ego, which teaches the same genre. Next, we analyzed the students\' written production in the three contexts, using the model of text analysis of the ISD, trying to compare them with each other and with the didactic model of the genre itinéraire de voyage. If we start from the premise that action takes place through texts, in order to act in a foreign language students need to master certain kinds of texts. Thus, if students internalize textual genres, they may act in a foreign language, and may be constituted as social actors, which explains the importance of systematic teaching of textual genres. The results of our research showed that working with textual genres offers a possibility to develop the language skills of students and put them in situations very close to real, but it is necessary to adapt materials and didactic sequences to the characteristics of the context in which it is applied.
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Miguel, Regina Lima Dantas. "Voyage au bout de la nuit, Louis-Ferdinand Céline: o itinerário de uma viagem." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8146/tde-16112010-114128/.
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Voyage au bout de la nuit, do escritor francês Louis-Ferdinand Céline, obteve uma grande repercussão nos círculos literários e junto ao público em 1932, ano de seu lançamento. Por uma linguagem popular e virulenta até então ausente da literatura francesa e pela violência com que seu herói Ferdinand Bardamu denunciava as injustiças da sociedade, o livro de estréia de Céline causou um forte impacto e, até hoje possui um lugar à parte no cenário literário. Um dos fatores responsáveis por esse impacto seria sem dúvida, a inovação perpetrada à língua francesa uma vez que seu autor pretendia renová-la a partir da linguagem oral e popular. O romance apresenta um duplo movimento de protesto: a denúncia virulenta de seu protagonista e o golpe desferido no âmago da língua literária acadêmica. Grande parte de sua repercussão, deveu-se em larga escala a essa escolha lingüística considerada inovadora e revolucionária para os padrões da época. A invenção de Céline de escrever como se fala seria uma espontaneidade aparente, pois, seu estilo nada tem de natural, ao contrário, é artifício, resultado de um longo trabalho. Se a escolha de uma língua criada a partir de tal registro escandalizou os leitores de sua época, hoje em dia, o impacto do romance decorre nem tanto da linguagem e mais da violência com que Bardamu se refere a seus semelhantes. Gostaríamos no presente trabalho de esboçar uma análise das duas forças do texto - o estudo da escritura e do universo criados por Céline. A abordagem de sua viagem nos conduziria à percepção de um mundo criado a partir de uma dimensão onírica, pois uma viagem imaginária é anunciada desde a epígrafe do romance: Nossa viagem, a nossa, é inteiramente imaginária. A viagem ao fim, ao fundo da noite empreendida por Céline teria a acepção do caminho lento e gradual para a morte. O mergulho dentro de tal universo nos remeteria também à porção autobiográfica sugerida na obra celiniana, visto que os itinerários de Bardamu e de Céline seriam convergentes. Enfim, esse estudo nos permitiria refletir sobre o uso de uma língua construída sobre um código oral-popular dispositivo utilizado pelo autor para introduzir na linguagem escrita a emoção do falado.<br>Journey to the end of the night (Voyage au bout de la nuit), by the French author, Louis- Ferdinand Celine, caused a stir in literary circles and the public at large when it was launched in 1932. Its vitriolic tone and the popular idiom in which it was written were quite unprecedented, as was the vehemence with which Ferdinand Bardamu decried social injustice. This, the first book written by Celine, created a huge impact and until today continues to occupy an important place in the world of literature. The authors intention to breathe new life into the French literary canon by introducing the popular idiom into the written language was, without doubt, one of the factors behind this impact.The form of protest adopted by the novel is two-pronged: alongside the vehement denunciation of an absurd world, was the blow which was aimed at the very heart of academic literary language. There can be no doubt that the vast resonance created by the work is the result of this choice of language, which was considered to be both innovative and revolutionary when judged by the standards of its time.Today, Celines invention of writing the way we speak, has a particular air of spontaneity, which would have been lost, had the author instead resorted to the artifice of a more elaborate style. If the choice of language set off a wave of resounding scandals at the time, nowadays it is not the language, but rather the violent manner in which Bardamu refers to his peers that creates a similar impact upon contemporary readership. The purpose of this study is therefore to examine the two driving forces behind the text: the writing and Celines universe. The manner in which the voyage is approached leads to the perception of a world wrought from a dreamstate dimension, since it is an imaginary voyage which is announced in the foreword of the novel. This journey of ours is entirely imaginary. The journey to the nights end, undertaken by Celine has the sense of a slow and deliberate journey towards death. Once immersed in this universe, we are led to a place where the itineraries of Bardamu and Celine converge, suggesting strong autobiographical associations. Finally, this analysis allows us to reflect on the usage of a language constructed upon the code of a popular idiom, a mechanism used by its creator to introduce the paradox of emotive reasoning expressed in the popular idiom, into the written language.
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Trankvillitskaïa, Tatiana. "Sous l'oeil des instances officielles : la coopération entre peintres français et soviétiques dans l'entre-deux-guerres." Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30056.
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Cette thèse analyse les échanges artistiques entre la France et l’URSS durant l’entre-deux-guerres, leurs rouages et les avantages mutuels qu’ils présentent. Cette période connaît quatre phases successives, ce qui permet de découper la recherche en autant de parties. La première étudie la période d’avant la reconnaissance de l’URSS par la France et la mise en place des relations diplomatiques (avant 1924) ; la deuxième se penche sur les premiers liens officiels qui suivent ladite reconnaissance (1925-1928) ; la troisième s’intéresse aux années 1928-1934, période du « Grand Tournant » dans l’économie soviétique, et enfin la quatrième englobe les années qui suivent l’instauration du réalisme socialiste en 1934 et se termine avec la guerre. Notre projet tente d’évaluer la pertinence de l’approche stéréotypée portant sur le lien entre art et idéologie, de voir si la peinture soviétique, telle que présentée lors des expositions en France, était similaire à celle exposée en URSS et constituait un outil de propagande à part entière. Sous quelle forme l’art soviétique est-il présenté en France et quel est le rôle des instances dans la mise en place de ces manifestations ? Il s’agit d’étudier le rôle des acteurs de ces échanges : instances étatiques, associations, galeries, spécialistes d’art, intellectuels, collectionneurs ou enfin les artistes eux-mêmes. Nous nous intéressons également aux expositions d’artistes français et à l’organisation de leurs voyages en URSS. Ce travail montre que les maillons de la chaîne « politique-idéologie-finances » sont intimement liés entre eux et que l’argent a souvent un rôle décisif pour les instances soviétiques<br>This dissertation focuses on artistic exchange between France and the USSR in the interwar period, its mechanisms and the benefits it presented. This period can be divided into four successive phases, accounting for the four parts this research falls into. The first part studies the years leading up to the recognition of the USSR by France and the setting up of diplomatic relations (prior to 1924); the second part deals with the first official links following the recognition (1925-1928); the third part focuses on the years 1928-1934, a period of economic change also known as « the Great Turn » in Soviet economy and the fourth and final part spans the years after socialist realism was established from 1934 on up to the outbreak of the war. This research questions the stereotypical approach to the link between art and ideology and asks whether Soviet painting, as shown during exhibitions in France, was similar to that shown in the USSR and whether it was, or not, a sheer tool for propaganda. Under what form was Soviet art presented in France and what role did authorities play in organizing artistic events? The role played by the actors of this exchange is studied: state authorities, associations, art galleries, art specialists, intellectuals, collectors, intellectuals, and last but not least the artists themselves. Also studied are the exhibitions of French artists and how their trips to the USSR were organized. This research shows that politics, ideology and money are tightly linked together and that money played a decisive role for Soviet authorities
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Zhan, Yi. "Un voyage inattendu : la réception de l'oeuvre de François Mauriac en Chine." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30014.
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Dès 1936 jusqu’à nos jours, l’œuvre de François Mauriac a connu plus de 80 ans d’histoire en Chine. Aux yeux des Français, ce long voyage en Chine de Mauriac, écrivain classique, pour certains, régionaliste et même démodé, est inattendu… Le travail présent consiste à dresser un bilan historique de la réception de l’œuvre de François Mauriac en Chine par le biais de la traduction et de l’étude académique. Il s’agira de mettre en lumière les caractéristiques de son voyage en Chine dans les différentes périodes, d’analyser l’image particulière attribuée par les lecteurs chinois, tout en cherchant ses racines dans le domaine littéraire, social et culturel. Enfin nous mettrons en évidence la place de François Mauriac et de son œuvre dans l’histoire de la littérature française reçue en Chine<br>From 1936 to the present day, François Mauriac's work has more than 80 years of history in China. In the eyes of the French, it is unexpected this long trip to China of Mauriac, classic writer, regionalist and even old-fashioned ... The present work is to draw a historical record of his reception in China through translation and academic study, highlight the characteristics of his trip to China in different periods, analyze his particular image attributed by Chinese readers, while seeking the causes in the literary, social and cultural, and finally highlight the place of François Mauriac and of his work in the history of French literature received in China
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Robecchi, Marco. "Jean le Long et la traduction du "Liber peregrinationis" de Riccold de Monte di Croce." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL053.
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En 1351 le moine bénédictin Jean le Long d’Ypres, abbé de Saint-Bertin en Saint-Omer, a traduit du latin en français six œuvres concernant les voyages et la connaissance de l’Orient (Hayton, Odorico da Pordenone, Wilhelm von Boldensele, Lettres de Togon Temür, De statu). Nous avons choisi d’étudier et d’éditer la traduction du Liber peregrinationis de Riccold de Monte di Croce, frère dominicain de Florence qui a visité la Terre Sainte, la Turquie, l’Arménie et a vécu à Bagdad entre 1288 et 1300. Dans la première partie nous avons étudié le texte latin, sa diffusion manuscrite et sa réception, ainsi que les deux traductions italiennes du 14e s. Ensuite, le texte français a retenu notre attention. La traduction a été transmise par six manuscrits et un imprimé, qui conservent également les autres cinq traductions de Jean le Long. L’étude des questions textuelles et de la diffusion manuscrite montrent deux voies de diffusion : l’une qui semble avoir circulé parmi la bourgeoisie picarde, l’autre qui a intéressé la haute aristocratie française (Jean sans Peur, Jean de Berry, Charles d’Orléans ; l’un de ces manuscrits contient en outre le Roman de Mélusine de Jean d’Arras). L’analyse linguistique, les questions traductiologiques et l’étude du lexique (régionalismes, orientalismes et mots rares) de l’auteur montrent bien son travail de « mise en roman » de ces textes, opération qui semble annoncer le Livre des merveilles de Jean de Mandeville de 1356. Nous avons donc proposé l’édition critique du texte français avec la source latine en face, suivi par un apparat des variantes et un glossaire<br>In 1351 Jean le Long d’Ypres, abbot of Saint-Bertin in Saint-Omer, translated six works concerning the East and the knowledge of the Asiatic continent, namely of the Mongol Empire (Hayton, Odorico da Pordenone, Wilhelm von Boldensele, Lettres de Togon Temür, De statu). I studied and published the translation of Riccold de Monte di Croce’s Liber peregrinationis. The Florentine Dominican friar travelled from the Holy Land to Turkey, Armenia and Bagdad (he lived there for ten years) between 1288 and 1300. In the first part, I have studied the Latin text, its manuscript tradition and his reception; I added a study on the two Italian translation made in the 14th century. In the second part, I have studied the French translation. Six manuscript and a 16th century print transmit the six Jean le Long’s translation. The philological study and the manuscript tradition show two ways of circulation: one way concerning the Picard bourgeois, the other one concerning the French aristocrats (Jean the Fearless, Jean duke of Berry, Charles duke of Orleans; one of these manuscripts also contains Jean d’Arras’ Roman de Mélusine). The linguistic analysis, the traductological and the lexicological study (regionalisms, orientalism and rare words) allow me to affirm that Jean le Long has “mis en roman” the six Latin texts, few years before the redaction of Jean de Mandeville’s Livre des merveilles (1356). Finally, I prepared the critical edition of the Latin source and of its French translation, followed by a critical apparatus and a glossary
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Falcon, Cécile. "Théâtres en voyage : les grandes tournées internationales de la Comédie-Française, du Théâtre national populaire et de la Compagnie Renaud-Barrault, 1945-1969." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30081.
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Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la France, affaiblie politiquement et économiquement, développe une politique culturelle extérieure qui utilise les manifestations artistiques, et en particulier les tournées théâtrales, pour assurer le rayonnement de sa culture et de sa langue. Par l’intermédiaire de l’Association française d’action artistique (AFAA), elle envoie de par le monde ses plus grandes compagnies, la Comédie-Française, le Théâtre national populaire de Jean Vilar, et la Compagnie Renaud-Barrault qui devient théâtre national en 1959. Dans un monde façonné par la Guerre Froide, les tournées les plus prestigieuses ont lieu aux États-Unis, en Union Soviétique et en Amérique latine. Le but de cette thèse est de déterminer dans quelle mesure les compagnies théâtrales, instrumentalisées par la diplomatie culturelle française, utilisent aussi ces tournées pour leur propre statut dans le champ culturel français, pour leur économie, ou pour l’affermissement de leur propre identité. La première partie explore les origines et le développement du cadre politique et institutionnel qui a permis la naissance de tournées théâtrales subventionnées et fait du théâtre français un produit d’exportation. Le deuxième mouvement se concentre sur la caractérisation de ce théâtre envoyé à l’étranger, sur son économie et son répertoire. Le troisième temps analyse les différents impacts du déplacement du théâtre à l’étranger. Quelles sont les conséquences possibles de cette situation sur la représentation elle-même et les attentes du public étranger ? Au-delà de la question de la réception, c’est la dimension politique, l’impact esthétique et le rôle symbolique des tournées qui seront mis en lumière<br>After World War II, a politically and economically weakened France develops a cultural foreign policy that uses artistic manifestations, and in particular theatrical tours, in order to ensure the influence of its culture and language. Thanks to the French Association for Artistic Action (AFAA), which was directly supported by the ministry of Foreign Affairs, France sends its greatest theatre companies all over the world, the Comédie-Française and the National Popular Theatre of Jean Vilar, as well as the Renaud-Barrault Company that becomes a national theatre in 1959. In a world shaped by the Cold War, the most prestigious tours take place in the United States, the Soviet Union, and Latin America. This thesis aims at determining to what extent these theatrical companies are not only exploited by the French government for cultural diplomacy, but manage themselves to benefit from the touring system, be that for their own status within the French cultural field, for their own economic solvency, or for the strengthening of their own identity. The first part explores the origins and development of the political and institutional frame that enabled the birth of this system of subsidized, international theatrical tours that made an export out of French theatre. The second part focuses on the characterization of French theatre abroad, on its economy and its repertory. The third section analyses the different impacts of the displacement of theatre abroad. What are the possible consequences on the performance itself and on the expectations of the international audience? Beyond the question of reception, the thesis will shed light on the political consequences, the aesthetic impact and the symbolic role of the tours
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McCorquindale, John Derek. "Spatial Practices of Icarian Communism." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2352.pdf.
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David, Eve-Marie Julia. "Rituel du retour dans l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/218.
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The work of Gabrielle Roy cannot be dissociated from the story of her life. Many have already tried to establish a definite connection between these two aspects of her life. Among the themes that are ever present in her texts and of particular interest to readers is her preoccupation with the past. The text of Mircea Eliade is important to the theoretical framework of the following thesis. His postulating that human beings constantly repeat their past to find meaning to their lives is capital to my analysis of Gabrielle Roy's texts. Indeed, her preoccupation with the past stems from a desire on her part to understand and live with her present. This thesis analyses how through returning constantly to her past, Gabrielle Roy, either directly or through her characters, engages in a ritual that gives to her life a « raison d’être ». The first chapter focuses on a return in time and the second chapter is devoted to studying a return in space, both of which belong to the past.
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Plazenet, Laurence. "L'ébahissement et la délectation réception comparée et poétiques du roman grec en France et en Angleterre aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles /." Paris : H. Champion, 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39196578.html.
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Dargo, Franklin Joseph. "The Dynamics of Loss: Representations of Sororal, Maternal, and Feminine Loss in the Works of Nerval, Chateaubriand, and Baudelaire." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1595356727134133.
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Gu, Wenjuan. "Problèmes de tournées de véhicules avec plusieurs produits et applications à la livraison de produits frais en circuits courts et locaux." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECLI0013.
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Nous étudions les problèmes de tournées de véhicules pour la livraison de plusieurs produits, avec des applications dans les chaînes logistiques en circuit court et local. La chaîne logistique est composée de trois groupes d’acteurs: les fournisseurs, les plateformes de distribution et les clients. Les fournisseurs sont des agriculteurs. Les plateformes de distribution sont chargées de la consolidation. Les plateformes de distribution collectent les produits auprès des fournisseurs en faisant aller-retours. Les produits sont livrés aux clients avec une flotte de véhicules effectuant des tournées. Chaque client demande plusieurs produits. Pour minimiser les coûts de transport, il est avantageux qu’un même client soit livré par plusieurs véhicules. Mais pour le confort du client, il est imposé qu’un produit soit livré en une seule fois par un seul véhicule. En conséquence, les différents produits sont pris en compte dans les modèles et méthodes de résolution. Le problème complet est nommé Multi-Commodity two-echelon Distribution Problem (MC2DP). Le problème restreint qui concerne la livraison à partir d’une seule plateforme de distribution est nommé Commodity constrained Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem (C-SDVRP). Nous proposons d’abord une heuristique basée sur un ALNS pour résoudre le C-SDVRP. Nous abordons ensuite le MC2DP avec des opérations de collecte et de livraison et plusieurs plateformes de distribution. Nous proposons de décomposer le problème: la collecte et la livraison sont résolues de manière séquentielle. De plus, nous développons une approche intégrée pour le MC2DP afin d’améliorer les solutions obtenues par l’approche de décomposition<br>We study vehicle routing problems considering multiple commodities, with applications in the local fresh food supply chains. The studied supply chain contains two echelons with three sets of actors: suppliers, distribution centers and customers. Suppliers are farmers that produce some fresh foods. Distribution centers are in charge of consolidation and delivery of the products to customers. Distribution centers collect products from the suppliers that perform direct trips. Products are delivered to the customers with a fleet of vehicles performing routes. Each customer requires several commodities, and the farmers produce a limited quantity of these commodities. For the minimization of the transportation cost, it is beneficial that a single customer is delivered by several vehicles. However, for the convenience of the customer, it is imposed that a single commodity is delivered at once by a single vehicle. Hence, different commodities have been considered. The complete problem is named Multi-Commodity two-echelon Distribution Problem (MC2DP). The restricted problem that addresses only the delivery from a single distribution center is named Commodity constrained Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem (C-SDVRP). We first propose a heuristic based on the Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) for the C-SDVRP. Then, we address the whole problem (MC2DP) with collection and delivery operations and multiple distribution centers. In order to tackle this complex problem, we propose to decompose the problem: collection and delivery are sequentially solved. Furthermore, we develop an integrated approach for the MC2DP to improve the solutions obtained by the sequential approach
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Levéel, Eric Claude Gabriel. "Simone de Beauvoir : l'invitation aux voyages : une étude biographique er littéraire." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3356.
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La philosophe feministe Simone de Beauvoir eut une passion et une fascination pour les voyages depuis sa plus tendre enfance. Des son emancipation en 1929, dIe allait se lancer sur les routes de France, d'Europe puis du monde. Si cet aspect primordial de son existence est souvent mentionne, il n'est que rarement analyse et peu de chercheurs ont tente de l'integrer dans le schema plus large de la philosophie existentielle chere al'ecrivaine. Cette etude va s'interesser aux voyages en tant que pierres de fondation de l'existence de Sirnone de Beauvoir, au meme titre que ses ecrits et son engagement politique et feministe. En nous aidant de ses reuvres biographiques, de ses recits de voyages et de ses romans, mais aussi d'etudes reconnues, nous allons essayer de comprendre la problematique du voyage mais surtout de comprendre pourquoi celui-ci fut si important dans la construction de son ersonnage et dans l'edification singuliere et exemplaire de son existence. ien loin du canon feministe qui masque souvent d'autres aspects du parcours extraordinaire e Simone de Beauvoir, notre etude, qui se veut biographique et litteraire et, nous l'esperons, riginale non pas tant dans son approche structurelle, mais dans son analyse critique et dans es theories que nous avons voulu formulees. Il nous a semble necessaire de revoir et de reviser certains points biographiques et de les faire pivoter autour de la notion de voyage et de ecouverte de l' Ailleurs en tant que donnee de transcendance. Le voyage fut bien plus qu'un ivertissement mondain pour Simone de Beauvoir, il fut avant tout une maniere d'acquerir la iberte et de bien souvent la sauvegarder. 11 fut aussi un outil indispensable pour repousser 'eventualite supreme et redoutee : la mort, c'est a dire le neant selon la dialectique xistentialiste. Selon les informations en notre possession, il n' existe pas de theses octorales s'interessant irectement a ce sujet majeur (la plupart des theses beauvoiriennes ont ete soutenues en merique du Nord ou la philosophe est fort etudiee, la France la boude encore comme le emarque justement Toril Moi dans son ouvrage de reference cite dans notre bibliographie : Simone de Beauvoir : The Making of an Intellectual Woman). Nos recherches et nos erifications aupres de plusieurs specialistes et de nombreuses institutions superieures bibliotheques universitaires, nationales, centres de recherches ... ), nous ont convaincus que ce travail etait original dans son essence, bien qu'il suive une approche traditionnelle et ineraire de par son caractere biographique. Comme notre introduction l'indique clairement, notre recherche tente de depasser l'optique lassique d'etude de l'reuvre de Simone de Beauvoir qui est dominee par un ouvrage : Le euxieme sexe et par consequent peut etre consideree comme un travail purement original et otalement personnel malgre l'inclusion de nombreuses citations venant etayer notre propos.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2003.
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Vijayan, Devika. "Les anecdotes dans les récits de voyage français aux Indes orientales (XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles)." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7644.
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Nous étudions, dans le cadre de cette thèse de doctorat, les récits de voyage français aux Indes orientales durant les XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Nous analyserons ainsi les œuvres du Père Pierre Du Jarric, de François Pyrard de Laval, de Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, de François Bernier, de Jean Thévenot, du comte de Modave et d’Anquetil-Duperron. Notre étude porte en particulier sur l’insertion des anecdotes personnelles, des récits brefs et digressifs qui rompent avec le discours général du voyage. Cette pratique d’écriture n’a jamais été traitée de manière approfondie surtout pour les récits de voyage aux Indes orientales. Notre thèse propose aussi d’examiner l’existence des topoï ou leitmotive parmi ces anecdotes (le « sati » ou le sacrifice des veuves, les dieux monstrueux du panthéon hindou, les curiosités, le prêtre lascif) où convergent souvent les notions d’altérité. En d’autres mots, nous analyserons l’image discursive de l’Inde et de l’Indien qui se construit à partir de ces anecdotes.
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Starbuck, Nicole. "Constructing the "perfect" voyage: Nicolas Baudin at Port Jackson, 1802." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/60141.
Full textAbstract:
In 1802, a French scientific expedition under the command of Nicolas Baudin made an uscheduled visit to the British colony at Port Jackson, New South Wales. It was a pivotal episode in the course of Baudin's Australian voyage. The commander had already fulfilled most of his instructions, though imperfectly, and only the north coast of New Holland remained unexamined. He and his men stayed at anchor in Port Jackson for over five months. When they set sail once more, they embarked on what historians agree was a new phase of the expedition. Baudin and his men did not proceed directly to the north coast, but returned to the southern and western coasts, where they perfected and augmented the work in geography and natural history that they had carried out earlier.
This thesis examines what occurred during the sojourn at Port Jackson, as well as the circumstances that led up to it, in order to determine in precise terms why and how this episode came to be a turning point in Baudin's voyage. It asks: was the second campaign just an extension of the first or was it an opportunity for Baudin to redefine the voyage? The Port Jackson sojourn thus serves as a site of interrogation regarding the nature of Nicolas Baudin's leadership and the construction, on British colonial territory, of a French scientific voyage.
However, the opportunity to gain real insight into the sojourn of the voyagers at Port Jackson has been limited by a perceived scarcity of resources. The fact that Baudin's journal falls silent here has meant that there is no one privileged source of information on the commander's role or on the day-to-day activities of the expeditioners, and that scholars examining this episode have tended to focus on the details of the larger picture rather than on the larger picture itself.
This is not to say that the presence of the Baudin expedition in Port Jackson has left no material traces. In fact, there is a diverse range of archival records – expense accounts, correspondence, inventories of specimens, journals kept by officers and savants and the logbooks of the Géographe – from which the day-to-day life of the commander and his men at Port Jackson can be reconstructed. Commencing with an analysis of the events that led up to the sojourn and influenced Baudin's approach to it, this study examines the relationships that Baudin built in the colony, his manner of command aboard the Géographe and the scientific results of the stay. After then analysing the way in which Baudin managed the sojourn and planned the second campaign, we conclude that Baudin did not simply seek to satisfy the expectations of his superiors but in fact he seized this opportunity to create the “perfect” scientific voyage.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Humanities, 2010
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Starbuck, Nicole. "Constructing the "perfect" voyage: Nicolas Baudin at Port Jackson, 1802." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/60141.
Full textAbstract:
In 1802, a French scientific expedition under the command of Nicolas Baudin made an uscheduled visit to the British colony at Port Jackson, New South Wales. It was a pivotal episode in the course of Baudin's Australian voyage. The commander had already fulfilled most of his instructions, though imperfectly, and only the north coast of New Holland remained unexamined. He and his men stayed at anchor in Port Jackson for over five months. When they set sail once more, they embarked on what historians agree was a new phase of the expedition. Baudin and his men did not proceed directly to the north coast, but returned to the southern and western coasts, where they perfected and augmented the work in geography and natural history that they had carried out earlier. This thesis examines what occurred during the sojourn at Port Jackson, as well as the circumstances that led up to it, in order to determine in precise terms why and how this episode came to be a turning point in Baudin's voyage. It asks: was the second campaign just an extension of the first or was it an opportunity for Baudin to redefine the voyage? The Port Jackson sojourn thus serves as a site of interrogation regarding the nature of Nicolas Baudin's leadership and the construction, on British colonial territory, of a French scientific voyage. However, the opportunity to gain real insight into the sojourn of the voyagers at Port Jackson has been limited by a perceived scarcity of resources. The fact that Baudin's journal falls silent here has meant that there is no one privileged source of information on the commander's role or on the day-to-day activities of the expeditioners, and that scholars examining this episode have tended to focus on the details of the larger picture rather than on the larger picture itself. This is not to say that the presence of the Baudin expedition in Port Jackson has left no material traces. In fact, there is a diverse range of archival records – expense accounts, correspondence, inventories of specimens, journals kept by officers and savants and the logbooks of the Géographe – from which the day-to-day life of the commander and his men at Port Jackson can be reconstructed. Commencing with an analysis of the events that led up to the sojourn and influenced Baudin's approach to it, this study examines the relationships that Baudin built in the colony, his manner of command aboard the Géographe and the scientific results of the stay. After then analysing the way in which Baudin managed the sojourn and planned the second campaign, we conclude that Baudin did not simply seek to satisfy the expectations of his superiors but in fact he seized this opportunity to create the “perfect” scientific voyage.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Humanities, 2010
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Evrard, Laure Marguerite Suzanne. "The Search Engine Marketing strategy (SEM) in e-tourism: a case study of the French OTA (Online Travel Agency) Voyage Privé." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/18495.
Full textAbstract:
With the arrival of the Internet, the tourism has taken a big step in its existence. Online Travel
Agencies have made their appearance. The customers have in general various steps throughout
their buying process. On these steps the visibility and the top position of the name of the travel
company is a key factor success.
In order to attract clients and respond to their expectations, to implement an SEM strategy
(Search Engine Marketing strategy) is one of the most important strategy for an online website
to adopt. In other words, it is a strategy that will show the company how to increase the website
visibility on web pages such as Google Search.
This thesis aims to analyse the importance of the SEM by an exploratory study that includes
two stages. First, by a survey to describe the consumer behaviour when booking online travel
reservations. Second, by deep interviews and information in order to analyse a case study of an
online travel agency, where I work.
From the survey submitted to a sample of consumers, it was observed that they are mostly
looking for good opportunities (good prices, high quality of product). From the deep interviews
to the managers of the French OTA (Online Travel Agency) Voyage Privé, it was observed the
importance of putting in action the SEM tools, such as commercial animations in the home
page, buy keywords so that the webpage will be in top results, or having a very active and
visible participation in the social media.<br>Com a crescente utilização da Internet, o sector do turismo desenvolveu-se muito. As Agências
de Viagens Online cresceram. Os consumidores passam por diferentes passos no seu processo
de decisão para a compra e reserva de um pacote turístico. Nesses passos, a visibilidade e
colocação cimeira do nome da agência é um factor crítico de sucesso.
De forma a atrair clientes e responder ás suas expectativas, a implementação da estratégia e
ferramentas SEM (Search Engine Marketing strategy) é fundamental para um website. As
opções das ferramentas e o seu uso adequado é fundamental para que a empresa online possa
aumentar a visibilidade em motores de busca como o Google search.
A presente tese visa analisar a importância do SEM, através de um estudo exploratório que
passa por duas fases. Primeiro, um estudo descritivo através de um questionário submetido a
consumidores, descrevendo os seus hábitos enquanto procedem a reservas online de viagens.
Depois, entrevistas em profundidade e recolha de informação para um estudo de caso de uma
empresa de viagens on-line, para a qual trabalho.
Pelo inquérito submetido a uma amostra de conveniência de consumidores, observou-se que
procuram em geral boas oportunidades (bons preços, elevada qualidade de produtos). Pelas
entrevistas em profundidade com os responsáveis da empresa francesa OTA (online travel
agency) "Voyage Privé", observou-se a importância atribuída às acções SEM, tais como colocar
animações, vídeos comerciais no webpage, comprar palavras chave afim de que tenha uma
visibilidade cimeira. Também a participação e visibilidade activa nas redes sociais.
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De, Beer Anna Marie Magdalena. "Le voyage de l'écrivain vers une voix, une histoire et un future - une étude du projet littéraire, Rwanda: écrire par devoir de mémoire." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10823.
Full textAbstract:
M.A. (French)<br>This thesis investigates the collective literary Project entitled Rwanda: écrire par devoir de mémoire, written by nine Francophone, African intellectuals in response to the genocide of the Tutsi in Rwanda. Six of them are fictional novels or travel diaries by non- Rwandans, based on the stories and adaptations of the stories of survivors. There is one poetry anthology and two texts by Rwandans: a survivor’s testimony and an essay by a Tutsi who was in exile during the genocide. A comparison of the literary strategies, used by the authors to respond both individually and collectively to the difficulty of writing the ‘inexpressible’, forms the basis of this analysis. It explores trauma theory and its application to literature and fiction, focusing on how signs of traumatic memory are made visible in the texts. Based on Ricoeur’s notion of triple mimesis, it considers the interaction between victim, writer/text and reader/listener which re-establishes the communication interrupted by the trauma of genocide. The thesis considers the initiation, aims and challenges of the Project. It provides an overview of the origins and consequences of the genocide as observed by the writers. A literary analysis of each of the nine texts separately allows the reader to appreciate the variety of approaches: collective/individual; witness-survivor/indirect witness; fact/fiction, and the blending of these opposites. A synthesis of the recurring motifs, lieux de mémoire and emblematic characters foregrounds tensions that emerge in the postgenocide society between memory and forgetting, identity and alterity, survivors and exiles, forgiveness and justice, survival and the death experience. These elements create an intertextual, fictional world that is nevertheless anchored in the reality of genocide, a polyphonic narrative which contributes to a deeper understanding of the collective horror of the genocide.