Relevant bibliographies by topics / French steel industry

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'French steel industry'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "French steel industry"

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Barbezat, Daniel. "The Comptoir Sidérurgique de France, 1930–1939." Business History Review 70, no. 4 (1996): 517–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3117314.

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The French inter-war steel cartels were characterized by contemporaries as powerful trusts, restricting output and raising steel prices. The cartels were cited as a cause for the length of the French depression, the low productivity of the 1930s, and the rapid rise in steel prices after 1936. This paper shows that the formation and development of the French steel cartels was problematic and argues that the French industry was not structurally conducive to widespread collusion and was further harmed by governmental policies. Steel cartels were unable to police their arrangements effectively among members and were unable to stop outsiders from undercutting prices. It is not at all clear that firms in the cartel achieved higher profits. The increase in prices that did occur after 1936 was not due to firms colluding and profiting from the increased demand for steel due to the anticipation of Nazi aggression; rather, these price increases occurred because of input price increases caused by government action that raised the costs of production.
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Mill, Ann Wendy. "Comment and Debate French Steel and the Metal-Working Industries: A Contribution to Debate on Economic Development in Nineteenth-Century France." Social Science History 9, no. 3 (1985): 307–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014555320001511x.

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This article addresses recent revisionist literature concerning nineteenth-century French economic history, and in particular Cameron’s and Freedeman’s “French Economic Growth; a Radical Revision” (1983, see also Roehl, 1976 and O’Brien and Keyder, 1978 and the critical response of Locke, 1981 and Crafts, 1984). It questions the latter’s criteria for the perception of economic development or retardation and challenges revisionist affirmations concerning the role of entrepreneurial attitudes in the achievement of industrialization in France. The problems raised by the revisionist interpretation appear clearly with respect to the history of the French steel industry. The principal steel producers’ dynamism and technically progressive attitudes, which the authors cite to demonstrate the irrelevance of sociocultural hypotheses concerning French industrial retardation, represented only one component of the ferrous industrial scene. Sociocultural factors beyond the steel firms’ control, together with poor financial conditions and the economic geography of France outweighed entrepreneurial dynamism as determinants of the industry’s overall performance in the later nineteenth century, chiefly by their inhibiting effect on per capita steel consumption.
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Lovett, A. W. "The United States and the Schuman Plan. a study in French diplomacy 1950–1952." Historical Journal 39, no. 2 (June 1996): 425–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00020318.

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ABSTRACTOn 9 May 1950, Robert Schuman, the French foreign minister, offered to pool the coal and steel resources of France with those of its European neighbours. The proposal was directed principally at Western Germany. After a year of negotiations six western European states agreed to form the European Coal and Steel Community, an organization rightly seen as the beginning of the European Union. However significant at the time and subsequently, this creation resulted from a series of political bargains familiar to any practitioner of traditional politics. France was determined to limit the competitive advantages of German heavy industry to prevent future dominance by the Ruhr industrialists whose unsavoury past was also remembered. Jean Monnet, the head of the French delegation at the talks held in Paris, insisted on the ‘deconcentration’ of the steel and coal industries. Steel companies would be compelled to dispose of the colleries which they owned. To do this, however, Monnet had to invoke the help of the American high commissioner in Germany, John J. McCloy and his expert advisers. In terms of its origins the Coal and Steel Community can be considered the product of a bargain struck between the Federal Republic and America, not France and Western Germany. That the safeguards against vertical combinations and a single sales agency for coal proved unnecessary (and unenforceable) may partly explain the success of the first venture in European integration.
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Shaev, Brian. "Workers’ Politics, the Communist Challenge, and the Schuman Plan: A Comparative History of the French Socialist and German Social Democratic Parties and the First Treaty for European Integration." International Review of Social History 61, no. 2 (July 29, 2016): 251–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859016000250.

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AbstractThe Schuman Plan to “pool” the coal and steel industries of Western Europe has been widely celebrated as the founding document of today’s European Union. An expansive historiography has developed around the plan but labor and workers are largely absent from existing accounts, even though the sectors targeted for integration, coal and steel, are traditionally understood as centers of working-class militancy and union activity in Europe. Existing literature generally considers the role coal and steel industries played as objects of the Schuman Plan negotiations but this article reverses this approach. It examines instead how labor politics in the French Nord and Pas-de-Calais and the German Ruhr, core industrial regions, influenced the positions adopted by two prominent political parties, the French Socialist and German Social Democratic parties, on the integration of European heavy industry. The empirical material combines archival research in party and national archives with findings from regional histories of the Nord/Pas-de-Calais, the Ruhr, and their local socialist party chapters, as well as from historical and sociological research on miners and industrial workers. The article analyses how intense battles between socialists and communists for the allegiance of coal and steel workers shaped the political culture of these regions after the war and culminated during a mass wave of strikes in 1947–1948. The divergent political outcomes of these battles in the Nord/Pas-de-Calais and the Ruhr, this article contends, strongly contributed to the decisions of the French Socialist Party to support and the German Social Democratic Party to oppose the Schuman Plan in 1950.
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Hou, Dingwen, and Zirui Chen. "Research on the application of Fama-French 5-factor model in the steel industry during COVID-19." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1865, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 042104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1865/4/042104.

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Chen, Mei-Ling, Fu-Lai Lin, Mei-Chin Hung, and Kai-Li Wang. "Investment Preference and Strategies of Foreign Institutional Investors Across Different Industries in Taiwan." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 12, no. 04 (December 2009): 675–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091509001824.

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This paper investigates the investment preference of foreign institutional investors across different industries in Taiwanese stock market. By employing the idea of Fama and French (1992) three-factor model with investment strategy, the investment preference is a function of beta value, company size, book-market ratio and investment strategy. Our empirical results find that foreign institutional investors in all five industries adopt momentum strategies in their investment preference. Next, in each industry, investment preference has a long-run equilibrium relationship with beta value, company size, book-market ratio, and investment strategy. Moreover, in the electronic, financial, and steel industries, foreign institutional investors' investment preference has corrective power in the short-run. Further, the results of the Granger causality test reveal that the investment preference has a uni-directional leading relationship with beta value in the financial and textile industries. While in case of the steel industry, investment preference and beta value have a bi-directional causal feedback relationship. Industries where company size leads investment preference include electronics, finance, and steel. Book-market ratio leads investment preference only in the textile industry. Generally speaking, in each industry, company size is among the predominant factors that foreign institutional investors take into account when making decisions. The influences of beta value and investment strategy on investment preference do not appear significant. That is, the investment strategy under consideration does not make a difference for investment preference.
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Mogos Descotes, Raluca, and Björn Walliser. "The impact of entry modes on export knowledge resources and the international performance of SMEs." Management international 15, no. 1 (February 15, 2011): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/045626ar.

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This research conceptualizes entry modes as forms of international experience that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) gather and explores the role they play in building export knowledge and fostering international performance. Using a sample of 107 French SMEs from the steel industry, a causal model suggests that various entry modes have direct impacts on the level of explicit foreign market-related knowledge in SMEs and an indirect impact on tacit knowledge. Explicit and tacit knowledge correlate positively, and ultimately, an SME’s tacit knowledge regarding export markets improves its international performance.
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Werme, Las, Inga K. Björner, Gerhard Bart, Hans U. Zwicky, Bernd Grambow, Werner Lutze, Rodney C. Ewing, and Claude Magrabi. "Chemical corrosion of highly radioactive borosilicate nuclear waste glass under simulated repository conditions." Journal of Materials Research 5, no. 5 (May 1990): 1130–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1990.1130.

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This review summarizes the results of the joint Japanese (Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, CRIEPI, Tokyo), Swiss (National Cooperative for the Storage of Radioactive Waste, NAGRA, Baden), Swedish (Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, SKB, Stockholm) international ‘JSS’ project on the determination of the chemical durability of the French nuclear waste borosilicate glass, which was completed in 1988. Radioactive and nonradioactive glass specimens were investigated. A data base was created with results from glass corrosion tests performed with different water compositions, pH values, temperatures, sample surface areas (S), solution volumes (V), and flow rates. Glass corrosion tests were performed with and without bentonite and/or steel corrosion products present. Variation of the glass composition was taken into account by including the borosilicate glass ‘MW’ in the investigations, formulated by British Nuclear Fuels, plc. An understanding was achieved of the glass corrosion process in general, and of the performance of the French glass under various potential disposal conditions in particular. A special effort was made to establish a corrosion data base, using high S/V ratios in the experiments in order to understand the glass durability in the long term.
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Colin, Régis, Michel Grzebyk, Pascal Wild, Guy Hédelin, and Ève Bourgkard. "Bladder cancer and occupational exposure to metalworking fluid mist: a counter-matched case–control study in French steel-producing factories." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 75, no. 5 (January 26, 2018): 328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104666.

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ObjectivesTo assess the relationship between occupational exposure to metalworking fluids (MWFs) in the steel-producing industry and bladder cancer incidence.MethodsA nested case–control study on bladder cancer was set up in a cohort of workers from six French steel-producing factories. Three controls were randomly selected for each incident bladder cancer case diagnosed from 2006 to 2012. Controls were matched to cases on age at diagnosis and counter-matched on a surrogate measure of exposure to MWFs derived from a job-exposure matrix. Cases (n=84) and controls (n=251) were face-to-face interviewed. Experts assessed occupational exposure to MWFs (straight, soluble and synthetic) using questionnaires and reports from factory visits. Occupational exposures were based on three metrics: duration, frequency-weighted duration and cumulative exposure index. Conditional multiple logistic regressions were used to determine ORs and 95% CIs, taking non-occupational and occupational exposure into account.ResultsIn the 25 years before diagnosis, ORs increased significantly with duration of exposure to straight MWFs (OR=1.13 (1.02–1.25)) and increased with frequency-weighted duration of exposure to straight MWFs (OR=1.44 (0.97–2.14)). These results remained valid after adjusting for duration of smoking, average number of cigarettes smoked per day, time since smoking cessation and exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). ORs also increased with soluble MWFs but not significantly. No significant association was found with older exposures to MWFs or with exposure to synthetic MWFs.ConclusionThe increased risk of bladder cancer observed among workers exposed to straight MWFs and to a lesser extent to soluble MWFs may be explained by the presence of carcinogens (such as PAH) in mineral oils component of straight and soluble oils. Prevention therefore remains necessary in sectors using MWFs.
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Menad, Nour-Eddine, Nassima Kana, Alain Seron, and Ndue Kanari. "New EAF Slag Characterization Methodology for Strategic Metal Recovery." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061513.

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The grown demand of current and future development of new technologies for high added value and strategic metals, such as molybdenum, vanadium, and chromium, and facing to the depletion of basic primary resources of these metals, the metal extraction and recovery from industrial by-products and wastes is a promising choice. Slag from the steelmaking sector contains a significant amount of metals; therefore, it must be considered to be an abundant secondary resource for several strategic materials, especially chromium. In this work, the generated slag from electric arc furnace (EAF) provided by the French steel industry was characterized by using multitude analytical techniques in order to determine the physico-chemical characteristics of the targeted slag. The revealed main crystallized phases are larnite (Ca2SiO4), magnetite (Fe3O4), srebrodolskite (Ca2Fe2O5), wüstite (FeO), maghemite (Fe2.6O3), hematite (Fe2O3), chromite [(Fe,Mg)Cr2O4], and quartz (SiO2). The collected slag sample contains about 34.1% iron (48.5% Fe2O3) and 3.5% chromium, whilst the vanadium contents is around 1500 ppm. The Mössbauer spectroscopy suggested that the non-magnetic fraction represents 42 wt% of the slag, while the remainder (58 wt%) is composed of magnetic components. The thermal treatment of steel slag up to 900 °C indicated that this solid is almost stable and few contained phases change their structures.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "French steel industry"

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Rhodes, M. J. "Steel and the state in France, 1945-1981 : The politics of industrial change." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371730.

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Books on the topic "French steel industry"

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Vichniac, Judith Eisenberg. The management of labor: The British and French iron andsteel industries, 1860-1918. Greenwich, Conn: JAI Press, 1990.

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The management of labor: The British and French iron and steel industries, 1860-1918. Greenwich, Conn: JAI Press, 1990.

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Coal, steel, and the rebirth of Europe, 1945-1955: The Germans and French from Ruhr conflict to Economic Community. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

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Gillingham, John. Coal, steel, and the rebirth of Europe, 1945-1955: The Germans and French from Ruhr conflict to Economic Community. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

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Kipping, Matthias. Industrial policy and inter-firm relations: The French steel producers and users in historical and comparative perspective. Reading, England: University of Reading, Dept. of Economics, 1995.

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Le " carabin rouge": Témoignage d'un médecin de combat en Indochine et en Algérie devenu médecin du travail chez les sidérurgistes de Longwy. [Les Sables d'Olonne]: Cercle d'Or, 1985.

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Gillingham, John. Coal, Steel, and the Rebirth of Europe, 19451955: The Germans and French from Ruhr Conflict to Economic Community. Cambridge University Press, 2005.

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Gillingham, John. Coal, Steel, and the Rebirth of Europe, 19451955: The Germans and French from Ruhr Conflict to Economic Community. Cambridge University Press, 1991.

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Lindsay, Suzanne G. Monuments for a steel king. Allentown Art Museum, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "French steel industry"

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Belhoste, Jean-François, and Denis Woronoff. "The French Iron and Steel Industry during the Industrial Revolution." In The Industrial Revolution in Iron, edited by Paul Smith, 75–94. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315238999-5.

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Gordon, Robert B. "A Landscape Transformed." In A Landscape Transformed. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195128185.003.0012.

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Fluctuations in the national economy buffeted the Salisbury iron industry, but choices Salisbury’s own ironmakers made about metallurgical technique determined both its course and its demands on the environment. A year-by-year count of the number of Salisbury forges and furnaces shows the rise and decline of the district’s ironmaking, modulated by fluctuations in the national (or, earlier, colonial) economy. The district’s bloomery forges made the wrought-iron products most wanted in the early eighteenth century. Because of the limited demand for castings (as well as the large investment required), a single blast furnace sufficed in the district until 1810. By then, the Salisbury ironmakers had entered the market for high-quality wrought iron made by the indirect process and needed to enlarge the supply of pig iron for the new finery forges that began to supplant the old bloomeries. Local entrepreneurs added two new furnaces. By 1848, sixteen furnaces met the demand for pig from the additional finery forges built from 1825 through 1833, together with the requirements of the new puddling works. The smaller furnaces that specialized in making forge pig lost their market as the fineries, followed by the puddling works, closed in the 1850s. The remaining furnaces, making pig iron for foundries that specialized in chilled-iron railroad wheels, carried on until the railroads’ adoption of steel wheels curtailed this market in the twentieth century. The national ebb and flow of business, along with disruptions caused by war, modulated the trends established by the techniques the Salisbury ironmasters chose and the types of products they sold. Investment in bloomeries accelerated during the colonial prosperity of the 1740s and slowed during the wars with the French and the Revolution. Return of settled times in the early Republic led many individuals and partnerships to build bloomery forges in the years up to 1807 and to invest in furnaces and finery forges. Hard times after the War of 1812 suspended new investment. The period of the district’s greatest growth fell in the economic expansion from 1824 through 1837, when New England entrepreneurs made rapid progress in developing the American system of manufactures based on interchangeable parts and power-driven machine tools.
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Conference papers on the topic "French steel industry"

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Faidy, Claude. "Status of French Road Map to Improve Environmental Fatigue Rules." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78805.

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During the past 30 years many fatigue tests and fatigue analysis improvements have been developed in France in order to improve Codified Fatigue Rules of RCC-M and ASME Codes [1, 2]. This paper will present the major technical improvements to obtain reasonable evaluation of potential fatigue damage through EDF road map. Recently new results [3] confirm possible un-conservative fatigue material data: - High cycle fatigue in air for stainless steel, - Environmental effects on fatigue S-N curve for all materials - Fatigue Crack Growth law under PWR environment for stainless steel. In front of these new results, EDF has developed a “Fatigue Road Map” to improve the different steps of Codified fatigue rules. A periodic up-dating of proposed rules in the different French Codes: RCC-M, RCC-MRx and RSE-M with research of harmonization with other Code rules developed in USA, Japan and Germany in particular, will be done on a yearly basis. During the past 15 years, many results have been obtained through fatigue tests of stainless steel materials: - mean and design fatigue curve in air, - environmental effects on fatigue curves, - plasticity effects, - bi-axial load effects, - mean stress effects, - stress indices, - transferability from small to large specimen, - weld versus base metal. In parallel, many new developments have been made in non-nuclear pressure equipment industry: like the reference stress of ASME Section VIII or the structural stress of EN 13445. These methods are mainly well adapted to fatigue pressure cycling. In front of that situation, the French nuclear code organization needs to propose reliable rules for new design and for operating plants. Different proposals are under discussion and the status of the EDF proposals are presented in the paper. The consequences could be important for the utilities because a large part of the in-service inspection program is connected to some fatigue usage factor level between 0.5 and 1.
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Chas, Guillaume, Nathalie Rupa, Josseline Bourgoin, Astrid Hotellier, and Se´bastien Saillet. "Experimental Program to Monitor the Irradiation Induced Embrittlement of the French Reactor Pressure Vessel Steels." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-3054.

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By monitoring the irradiation-induced embrittlement of materials, the Pressure Vessel Surveillance Program (PVSP) contributes to the RPV integrity and lifetime assessments. This program is implemented on each PWR Unit in France; it is mainly based on Charpy tests, which are widely used in the nuclear industry to characterize the mechanical properties of the materials. Moreover, toughness tests are also carried out to check the conservatism of the PVSP methodology. This paper first describes the procedure followed for the Pressure Vessel Surveillance Program. It presents the irradiation capsules: the samples materials (low alloy Mn, Ni, Mo vessel steel including base metals, heat affected zones, welds and a reference material) and the mechanical tests performed. Then it draws up a synthesis of the analysis of about 180 capsules removed from the reactors at fluence levels up to 7.1019 n/cm2 (E > 1 MeV). This database gathers the results of more than 10,000 Charpy tests and 250 toughness tests. The experimental results confirm the conservatism of the Code-based methodology applied to the toughness assessment.
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Courtin, Stéphan, Thomas Métais, Manuela Triay, Eric Meister, and Stéphane Marie. "Modifications of the 2016 Edition of the RCC-M Code to Account for Environmentally Assisted Fatigue." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63127.

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The French nuclear industry has to face nowadays a series of challenges it did not have to face a decade ago. The most significant one is to ensure a reliable and safe operation of Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) in a context of both an ageing reactor fleet and new builds. The new constructions need rules that integrate a strong operation feedback while the older NPPs need rules that will guarantee the life extension beyond 40 years of operation. In this context, a new edition of the French RCC-M Code is planned for 2016. This new edition integrates the modifications made to the Code as a result of Requests for Modification (RM), which can be submitted by anyone and which help to continuously improve the quality and robustness of the Code. Concerning fatigue analyses, the RCC-M Code steering committee has acknowledged end of 2014 the reception of two RM to modify the fatigue design curve for austenitic stainless steels and Nickel base alloys, as well as to integrate environmental effects in the fatigue evaluation for austenitic stainless steel components. The contents of these two RM were based on the proposals presented in Reference [1]. AFCEN required a technical review of these two RM and this task was performed by a working group composed by French and international experts. This process concluded to the approval of these two RM to be integrated to the 2016 edition of the RCC-M Code. This paper offers a presentation of these two new Rules in Probation Phase (RPP), this format being quite similar to Code Cases proposed by ASME Code.
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Le Nevé, Charles, Sophie Loyan, Léonard Le Jeune, Steve Mahaut, Serge Demonte, Daniel Chauveau, Romain Renaud, Manuel Tessier, Nicolas Nourrit, and Anthony Le Guellaut. "High Temperature Hydrogen Attack: New NDE Advanced Capabilities — Development and Feedback." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-94001.

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Abstract In petroleum industry, hydrogen is used in many assets. With temperature and pressure, hydrogen can damage materials. This damage is called High Temperature Hydrogen Attack (HTHA) and is a time dependent degradation mechanism that can affect the integrity of steels used for pressure containment operating above about 400°F (204°C). HTHA has caused major accidents in Petroleum Industry. API RP 941 [1] currently provides guidance for steel selection (and so susceptibility to attack) in relation to temperature and ppH2 via Nelson curves. In the last edition, 4 stages of degradation for both base metal and weld metal are described. In the past, only stage III was detectable by the combination of different Ultrasonic methods which were known as AUBT – Advanced Ultrasonic Backscatter Technique. But, capability of detection was limited to defects above 500–1000μm, correspondent to small fissures. So, it was impossible to detect early stage of degradation as steel grain size (around 50μm). For several years, performances of non-destructive techniques have rapidly increased and new advanced ultrasonic technologies are available such as: - Phased Array Ultrasonic Techniques (PAUT) - Time Of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) - Total Focusing Method (TFM) This paper describes latest techniques and results obtained by Total and French Welding Institute in laboratory, and discuss the efficiency of the methods, over real HTHA degradation blocks. An overview of TFM is also proposed by CEA who work on innovating development to increase the performance of this technique.
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Kusunoki, Takuya, Boian Alexandrov, Benjamin Lawson, Jorge Penso, and Joe Bundy. "Tempering Response in Type 410 Stainless Steel Welds for Petrochemical Application." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21753.

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Abstract Type 410 martensitic stainless steel is typically used in highly corrosive environments within petrochemical installations due to its resistance to halide stress corrosion cracking, hardenability, and low cost compared to austenitic stainless steel. However, the industry has experienced difficulties in meeting the ASME toughness, and NACE hardness requirements for wet sour services of Type 410 steel welds. Recent studies have shown that these problems are related to the wide compositional ranges of Type 410 base metals and welding consumables, leading to exceeding the A1 temperature during postweld heat treatment (PWHT) and formation of fresh martensite, and to retention of significant amount of delta ferrite in the final weld metal and heat affected zone microstructures. These studies have identified two Type 410 optimized weld metal compositions that met the specified hardness and toughness requirements. The objective of this work was to quantify the tempering response in one of the optimized welding consumables and in two Type 410 base metals. Samples of these materials were subjected to a series of PWHTs at temperatures corresponding to the lower and upper limits of the ASME code recommended temperature range (760 C and 800 °C) and at 10 °C below the A1 temperature of each material. The PWHT durations were 5 and 30 minutes, and 1, 2, and 4 hours. The hardness values related to all PWHTs performed below the corresponding A1 temperatures were used to generate Holloman–Jaffe type equations for all tested materials. As expected, the PWHTs performed above the A1 temperatures resulted in the formation of fresh martensite.
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Lawson, Benjamin J., Boian T. Alexandrov, Joseph C. Bundy, David Benson, and Jorge A. Penso. "Development of Optimized Welding Consumable for Joining Type 410 Martensitic Stainless Steel." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93682.

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Abstract Type 410 martensitic stainless steel is used in some downstream hydro-processing installations, due to its good resistance to sulfide corrosion and chloride stress corrosion cracking. Industry experience with Type 410 steel welds, using generic welding consumables, has shown difficulties in meeting the weld metal and HAZ hardness and toughness requirements. Recent research has pointed out the wide composition specifications of Type 410 base metal and welding consumables as the leading cause for significant hardness and toughness variations, related to exceeding the A1 temperature during PWHT and formation of fresh martensite, and to retention of significant amounts of delta ferrite. Predictive equations for the A1 temperature and the content of retained delta ferrite were used to identify optimal composition for Type 410 welding consumables with delta ferrite content below 20% and A1 temperature close to the upper end of the ASME specified PWHT range. Experimental metal core filler wire was manufactured and tested to validate the A1 temperature and delta ferrite content. A test weld in Type 410 steel was produced with the new filler wire and subjected to PWHT, metallurgical characterization, and mechanical testing. The weld metal and HAZ properties met the corresponding NACE and ASME hardness and toughness requirements.
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Boylan, N., C. Gaudin, D. J. White, M. F. Randolph, and J. A. Schneider. "Geotechnical Centrifuge Modelling Techniques for Submarine Slides." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79059.

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The gradual shift of hydrocarbon developments into deeper waters has presented fresh challenges for offshore geotechnical engineering. Many installations in deep water require export pipelines to shore which can be many hundreds of kilometers in length. These pipelines must negotiate unstable regions of soft seabed around the steep continental shelf and variable terrain including canyons with depths ranging from tens of meters to a several hundred meters. These challenging conditions present potential geohazards for which little understanding has been developed so far. One of the major geohazards is the impact of a submarine landslide on nearby pipelines which could potentially damage the pipeline. Consequently, a Joint Industry Project (JIP) has been initiated at the Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems to improve methods for assessing the potential damage to pipelines and to provide information to assist re-routing of a pipeline to a safer alignment if necessary. This paper presents an overview of the development of specific modeling techniques to (i) trigger a submarine landslide in a geotechnical centrifuge, (ii) measure the strength properties of the slide material before, during, and after the slide failure and (iii) measure the interaction between the runout material and the seabed.
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