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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'French sociology'
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McNay, Lois. "Power, body, gender : implications of French social theory for feminist critique." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272613.
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Lane, Jeremy Francis. "Pierre Bourdieu in context : ethnology and sociology in the era of French late capitalism." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3417.
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This thesis attempts a critical examination of the work of the French ethnologist and sociologist, Pierre Bourdieu. It reads his work in the context both of the intellectual traditions within which and against which Bourdieu has elaborated his sociological theories, and of the socio-historical developments in postwar France which those theories have sought to describe and explain. Following the development of Bourdieu's thought chronologically and thematically, the thesis argues that his most important works have been centrally concerned with the analysis of a series of social and cultural changes contingent on France's transition to an era of late capitalism, an era characterised by decolonisation, the advent of mass consumerism, unprecedented expansion in the university sector and the consequent challenge to the humanist culture traditionally dispensed there, the waning of a once dominant Left-wing political discourse and its replacement by discourses of managerialism, business efficiency, and neo-liberalism. Hence, rather than analysing key Bourdieusian concepts such as 'practice', 'habitus', 'strategy'. `cultural capital'. and `field' in purely theoretical terms, this thesis will understand such concepts as explanatory tools which emerged in response to a particular historical conjuncture, questioning the contribution they might make to our understanding of that conjuncture. The French intellectual field, with its poles of attraction and repulsion, forms an integral part of that historical conjuncture and this thesis will, therefore, also examine how Bourdieu's approach defined itself in relation to the key protagonists in that field, analysing his debt to figures such as Edmund Husserl, Maurice Merleau- Ponty, Gaston Bachelard, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, and Karl Marx, as well as his more agonistic relationship with figures such as Roland Barthes, Jacques Derrida, Frantz Fanon, and Jean-Paul Sartre. Whilst this thesis neither pretends to provide the definitive reading of Bourdieu's work nor claims that his work's significance is limited to the particular context in which it was produced, it does argue that a detailed understanding of that context forms the necessary precursor to any objective assessment of the work's strengths and weaknesses.
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Laachir, Karima. "The ethics and politics of hospitality in contemporary French society : Beur literary translations." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1599/.
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The thesis examines the issue of the ethics and politics of hospitality in the French contemporary context in relation to the diasporic populations of the descendants of post-war North African immigrants or the 'Beur', using an approach which combines philosophy, sociology and literature. I argue that the concept of hospitality has been framed by the enduring effects of colonial legacy, the legacy of the 'camp-thinking' mentality marked by bio-cultural kinship and the ties of blood or 'race' as the basis for belonging to a nation. I maintain that hospitality is exactly the anti-logic of the camp-thinking mentality in its rejection of closure and overdetermination by keeping the political open to the ethical. Even though a hiatus between the ethics and the politics of hospitality exists, the two can not exist separately. I argue that this aporia does not mean paralysis, but in fact, it means the primacy of the ethics of hospitality over politics, and thus, keeps alive the danger of hostility in the making of the politics of hospitality by means of 'political invention' that respects the uniqueness of the Other and that does not exclude him/her every time a decision is taken. The language of deconstruction and its political and ethical rejection of nationalisms, borders and centres reflects the experience of those who are marginalised at the peripheries of societies, whom I call the hyphenated peoples or diasporic populations like the Beurs. But at the same time, this language enables them to assert and articulate their own existence, their own politics and identities in a way that opens new possibilities of resistance to violence and exclusion. Jacques Derrida's concepts of marginality, diaspora, translation and democracy-to-come express the experience of minority diasporic groups such as the Beurs in France. I attempt a close deconstructive reading of the Beur texts in order to trace their translations of the contradictions of French hospitality and the way the Beurs have been 'racialised' as an 'external group' threatening the supposed 'purity' of the French national culture by their physical, cultural and religious 'difference' though they are French citizens with strong affiliations with France. I argue that with their mixed origins and cultural multiplicity, the Beurs resist the authority of the 'constructed' and 'mythical' national purity and cultural determinis1n, since their position at the threshold between communities (the French and the North African immigrant communities) and national camps (the French and the North Africans) allows them to offer a basis for solidarity that transcends ethnic absolutism and national belonging. I argue in my thesis that it is the diasporic populations such as the Beurs in France that can open up hospitality to an attitude beyond nationalistic determinism and xenophobia.
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Hiddleston, Jane. "Reinventing community : collective identity and cultural difference in recent theory and literature in French." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252163.
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Rake, Katherine. "Ageing and inequality : older women and men in the British, French and German welfare states." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286408.
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Kroslak, Daniela. "The responsibility of external bystanders in cases of genocide : the French in Rwanda, 1990-1994." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274306.
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Emery, Meaghan Elizabeth. "Writing the fine line : rearticulating French National Identity in the divides. A cultural study of contemporary French narrative by Jewish, Beur, and Antillean authors /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1382548822.
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Steiner, Brittany Devan Jelm. "The evolution of information structure and verb second in the history of French." Thesis, Indiana University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3636356.
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The goal of this dissertation is to address the question of the Verb Second status of Old French as well as its decline by examining the interaction of syntax and Information Structure (IS) in the Left Periphery from the 13th century through the 16th century. Old French (OFr) has long been considered to be a Verb Second (V2) language, due to the overwhelming tendency for the finite verb to occur as the second constituent in matrix clauses, the hallmark of V2. Recently, the V2 analysis OFr has been called into question, due to the relatively high rate of clauses with more than one preverbal constituent (V>2). During this same period, our understanding of what V2 is has evolved in such a way as to place less emphasis on the number of preverbal constituents, and more on the theoretical underpinnings of the clause structure.
The results, obtained using a methodology for the annotation of IS in a corpus created for this project, support the V2 analysis of 13th century French, both in terms of its syntax and its IS. From a descriptively syntactic stance much of decline of V2 occurs between the 13th and 14th centuries (e.g. the rise in V>2 clauses, the decline in postverbal subjects). However, in examining the IS changes, we find that key aspects of the V2 grammar (e.g. V to C movement, EPP) are robust into the 15th century.
Ultimately, we find that examining Old French syntax through the lens of IS provides new insight into the interaction between IS and syntax in language change, especially with respect to both the manner and the timeline of the decline of V2 in the history of French.
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Celtel, Andre. "Louis Dumont and the 'category of the individual' : a study in anthropological theory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391011.
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Abderrahmane, Azzi. "French Structuralism and its Contribution to Sociological Theory." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331784/.
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This study delineates the basic concepts and analytical techniques of contemporary French structuralists, namely Levi-Strauss, Lacan, Barthes, Althusser, and Foucault, and critically examines the contribution of their formulations to sociological theory and the implication of such formulations on the methodological orientation in sociology.
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Boyd, Marisa. "The new French: A focus on the children of Algerian descent in the classroom." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28435.
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The purpose of this thesis is to elucidate the connection between the institution of the French educational system and its effects on the new French population (predominately children of Algerian immigrants). This thesis makes the connection between the high school or lycee and the social barriers its "minority" students experience within the school system. By focusing on two broad dimensions of the French school system; its structure and values, this thesis argues that the system produces inequalities amongst its students primarily because of its failure to recognise the multiethnic classroom. By contextualising colonial France in Algeria, this thesis shows the connection between France's unique history and its educational institution as it relates to present day French culture. This thesis shows that the French educational system is so well established in its secular traditions that it no longer meets the needs of its students and consequently produces and reproduces exclusion and otherness.
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Korid, Yacine. "French by association : the role of associations in a Parisian banlieue." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/48946/.
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There are over a million associations in France dealing with a large variety of issues such as leisure, sports, health, social solidarity or education. Legally defined by the 1901 law, associations are complex structures that require financing and management. They can also be described as promoting ‘cultural expression' and ‘social integration'. Associations are particularly present in the French ‘banlieues' (suburbs) around town and city centers as these areas are often seen as epitomising social fragmentation. Based on ethnographic fieldwork amongst two associations in the Quartiers Nord area of Asnières, a town on the edges of Paris known for its diverse associative life, I explore the positioning, mechanisms and strategies adopted by associations in order to reduce the effects of socio-economic inequalities along territorial lines. My fieldwork mainly consisted of teaching French to newly-arrived migrant children and teenagers as well as helping others with their homework. This allowed me to gain access to a large variety of perspectives, from that of associative leaders and members of the local administration to the views of families living in the Quartiers Nord. To make sense of these multiple angles of approach, I rely strongly on Gerd Baumann's (1996) distinction between dominant and demotic discourses as it underlines the dynamic and contextual nature of interactions between residents and the local and national frameworks in which they evolve. I aim to uncover the processes through which some associations have become intermediate spaces (or interstices) of mediation between local or national administrations and the residents of given neighborhoods labeled as ‘difficult', in other words between center and periphery. By doing so, I add to the debate on the integration of banlieue inhabitants to discourses of French Republicanism.
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Dias, Junior Antonio Carlos 1977. "A sociologia política de Raymond Aron." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280481.
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Orientador: Josúe Pereira da SilvaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T04:00:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DiasJunior_AntonioCarlos_D.pdf: 13575411 bytes, checksum: 325e5af2ad35e15c19289638d09c3c67 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: A tese trata da obra do filósofo e sociólogo francês Raymond Aron (1905-1983), de seu percurso intelectual e, especificamente, da sociologia política presente no conjunto de sua produção intelectual, com especial ênfase em suas obras acadêmicas e cursos proferidos em diversas instituições de ensino, como a Sorbonne e o Collège de France. Filósofo de formação, mas sociólogo, professor e jornalista por ofício, Aron produziu extensa obra sobre diversos temas: da filosofia à sociologia, passando pela economia, história, guerra, política francesa, marxismo, relações internacionais e história das ideias, dentre outros assuntos. A percepção política presente na sociologia aroniana é discutida em quatro momentos: formação filosófica; publicação da trilogia sobre a sociedade industrial e de As etapas do pensamento sociológico; crítica a K. Marx e ao regime soviético; e crítica dos mitos da esquerda e dos marxismos imaginários. O trabalho oferece ainda uma análise biobibliográfica de Raymond Aron, além de um levantamento completo dos trabalhos (livros e teses acadêmicas) a seu respeito
Abstract: The thesis treats about the work of french philosopher and sociologist Raymond Aron (1905-1983), of his intellectual course and, specifically, about political sociology present in the whole of his intellectual production, with special emphasis in his academical works and university studies pronounced in several institutions of teaching, like Sorbonne and Collège de France. Graduated philosopher, but sociologist, master and journalist by charge, Aron produced a vast work about several themes: from philosophy to sociology, through the economy, history, war, french politics, marxism, diplomacy and history of ideas, among other matters. The political perception present in aronian sociology is debated in four moments: philosophical development, publication of trilogy about the industrial society and Main Currents in Sociological Thought; critique to K. Marx and the soviet regime; and critique of the left myths and imaginary marxisms. The work offers yet a biobliographical analysis of Raymond Aron, yonder a complete survey of works (books and academical thesis) to concern him
Doutorado
Sociologia
Doutor em Sociologia
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Mesbah, Roya. "French national identity at the dawn of globalisation searching for a new cohesion." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1206378121.
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Menard, Claire M. "L'homme des réseaux, Figure de l'Entre-deux, dans Ressources Humaines et L'Emploi du Temps, de Laurent Cantet." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1249035935.
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Marshall, Rosalie Dempsy. "On being West Indian in post-war metropolitan France : perspectives from French West Indian literature." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3334/.
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Most research into contemporary French West Indian literature focuses on writing that stresses the significance of the plantation and urban cultures of the islands in the early to mid-twentieth century or, more recently, on the desire of some writers to explore broader trans-national influences or environments. Despite the prominence of migration in post-war French West Indian history, however, less has been said about the engagement of French West Indian literature with migration to metropolitan France. Although commentators have recently begun to discuss the work of a handful of writers in connection with migration to the métropole, this thesis offers a full-length analysis of the issue, bringing writers, texts and literary and cultural theories together with the cultural and sociological context of migration to metropolitan France. I comment on a variety of well-known authors and texts, while also presenting writers and writing that have frequently been neglected in other studies. I also consider the reasons for what I believe to be both the slow development of a literature of migration, as well as the low profile of this issue within Francophone literary studies. Part One, ‘French and West Indian: Historical and Sociological Contexts’, considers the broad context of migration, reflecting on how that context impacts on the West Indians and their descendants in the métropole. Part Two, ‘Theory and the French West Indian Diaspora’, looks at colonisation, postcolonial criticism, and the current scholarship devoted to them, as these concern the issues of migration and identity in sociological and literary terms. Part Three, ‘Patterns of Discourse: Reflections of the Métropole’, takes recurrent themes that have appeared in the works of a variety of less well-known writers, including writers of West Indian origin born in the métropole. In Part Four, ‘Siting the Métropole’, I examine three successful yet very different writers and consider their contributions to the literature of migration, in the light of the reflections made and the patterns uncovered earlier in this thesis. My conclusion unites the themes of inclusion and exclusion that this subject brings to the fore, and suggests potential literary and scholarly developments for the future.
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Mitev, N. N. "Information systems failure, politics and the sociology of translation : the problematic introduction of an American computerised reservation system and yield management at French Railways." Thesis, University of Salford, 2000. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14824/.
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This in-depth cases tudy examinest he troubled introduction of a new computerisedr eservation system at French Railways. Socrale, based on the American Airlines Sabre system, had a disastrous beginning.I t wasb adly receivedb y the Frenchp ublic, led to strikes andg overnmentin quiries,a nd had to be modified substantially.T he literatureo n information systemsf ailure is reviewedf rom functionalistt o social constructivista nd critical perspectivesa nd the thesis aims to challengeb eliefs and assumptions about technological success and failure. The notion of 'symmetry' from the sociology of technology emphasisetsh at failures expresst he samed ynamicsa s successess,h owingh ow technologicalc hoicesa re not obvious or unproblematic. Differences between air and rail transporý between American and European transport deregulation and between the needs of national identity, regional development and public access to transporta re all reflectedi n the questiono f yield managementY. ield managemenist a crucial component of computerisedre servations ystemsa nd was first adoptedd uring the deregulationo f the US air transport industry in the early 80s. It requires complex optimisation software designed to manage passenger revenues and control demand, by manipulating the availability of full and discounted fares according to monitoredd emanda nds tatisticaal nalysis. Latour and Callon's sociology of 'translation' helps analyse how the Socrate project was undertaken and interpreted as: borrowing from airline pricing, aiming to gain competitive advantage, associatingS ocrate to the successo f high-speedt rains, attemptingt o changep assengersb' uying and travelling behaviour, transformingt he organisationa nd helping identify profitable market segmentsA. non-essentialisst tanceh elpsu nderstandh ow social and technicald istinctionsa re socially constructeda nd how the differentiation between what is technical and what is social, for instance in the conception and application of yield managementi,s a mattero f power and politics. Clegg's circuits of power are usedt o complement the sociology of translation in examining how power and political factors contribute to information systemsb ecoming( or not) obligatoryp assagep oints. Politically controversialc hangesin Frenchr ail transporta re associatedw ith the role of computer technology in deregulated European and global electronic markets and its effects on the concept of nationali dentity and sovereigntyin transportp olicy-making.
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Theriault, Gisele D. "La tradition orale des pecheurs de homards de Meteghan, Nouvelle-Ecosse." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3622959.
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This dissertation presents a collection of personal stories collected by the author from the lobster fishermen of Meteghan, Nova Scotia. This corpus is not a complete inventory, but it helps us to begin to understand the evolution of this Acadian village. The author wondered: Since fairy tales no longer exist in their current repertoire, why not give value to the life histories that exist? This research required an observational transformation in order to notice, preserve and present the treasure that is the oral tradition in this region.
The author presents the fishermen's stories based on the concept of the ethnotexte, generating the sense of a written discussion between all the participants. The author uses a minimal level of interpretation of her own, allowing the voices of the informants to shine. This allows the text to be more faithful to the experience, since without sound, there is already a deviation of a natural phenomenon, the performance. The protocol used for the transcripts balances between the fidelity of the recordings and the text's accessibility, while preserving the maritime vocabulary and archaic words.
The author presents eleven themes, ranging from old fishing techniques, to tricks and superstitions. Since fishing is the main industry in this francophone minority community, the author reveals the cultural importance found within the stories, like the testimonies of the old ways of living and fears for the future, which represent a poetic mix between tradition and modernity.
Having conducted extensive field work, the author concludes that Acadian folklore in the area is not threatened, but has instead evolved. The author has succeeded in letting these fishermen speak, which helps to illuminate the enigma of the modern Acadian identity. Although subject to the imposed imperatives of modernity, Acadians are pragmatic, and at the end of the day, they honor family and the stability of the village first.
This is a region rich in heritage. The importance of ethnology seeks not to find solutions but to preserve this information. With a sense of urgency to capture the oral histories, this kind of research enriches this community's culture.
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Meyer, Vincent. "Performance management : an american technology in a French multinational enterprise established in China." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLH001/document.
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Cette thèse examine l’imbrication du social et du matériel dans les entreprises multinationales, lors du transfert transnational des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines, et plus particulièrement le transfert des pratiques de gestion de la performance. En me basant sur l’étude de quatre entités chinoises locales d’une entreprise transnationale comme cadre de mon étude de cas, j’explore comment les salariés locaux s’approprient les pratiques de gestion de la performance en internalisation les pratiques globales et en innovant pour les adapter à leur environnement local. Cette étude se fonde sur 60 entretiens, des données secondaires et des observations collectées sur plus de dix ans. Dans la première partie de cette thèse j’explore plus particulièrement l’appropriation des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines au niveau micro et j’identifie quatre archétypes de l’appropriation des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines : formelle, cérémoniale, déviante et innovante. Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, je me concentre sur l’appropriation des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines au niveau meso. En me fondant sur la théorie de la Sociomatérialité, je propose une nouvelle définition de l’hybridation comme le processus par lequel des pratiques uniques émergent dans des filiales locales à partir de l’imbrication du social et du matériel entre le siège et les filiales locales des entreprises multinationales. Cette définition me permet d’identifier deux nouvelles formes de gestion de la performance dans les quatre entités de l’entreprise multinationale étudiée que j’ai appelées la pratique harmonieuse confucéenne de gestion de la performance et la pratique harmonieuse instrumentale de gestion de la performance. Dans le troisième chapitre, je me base sur les résultats empiriques des deux chapitres précédents pour conceptualiser un modèle multiniveau intégré du transfert transnational des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines, en développant un autre concept central de la théorie de la Sociomatérialité: la notion de « dispositif ». Cette thèse a ainsi pour objectif de contribuer à la fois à la littérature en gestion internationale des ressources humaines et à la littérature sur la sociologie des outils de gestionThe present dissertation examines the entanglement of the social and material in Multinational Enterprises during the transnational transfer of Human Resource Management Practices, especially Performance Management Practices. Using 4 local Chinese entities of a transnational firm as my case study, I explore how local employees make Performance Management practices their own, both internalizing global practices and innovating to adapt to local environments. This research is based on 60 interviews, secondary materials and direct observations over more than 10 years. In the first chapter of this dissertation, I explore more specifically the adoption of Human Resource Management practices at the micro level, and I identify four archetypes of the adoption of Human Resource Management practices: formal, ceremonial, deviant and innovative. In the second chapter, I focus on the adoption of Performance Management practices in Multinational Enterprises at a meso level. Drawing on sociomaterial theory, I propose a new definition of hybridization as being a process by which unique practices emerge in local subsidiaries from the entanglement of the social and the material at Headquarters and in local subsidiaries. This definition allowed me to identify two new hybrid performance management practices in the four Chinese entities of the Multinational Enterprises under investigation, which I have called the “harmonious Confucian” Performance Management practice and the “harmonious instrumental” Performance Management practice. In the third chapter, I build on the results of the two previous empirical chapters to conceptualize an integrated multilevel model for the transnational transfer of Human Resource Management practices in Multinational Enterprises by expanding another central concept to sociomaterial theory: the notion of “apparatus”. This dissertation aims therefore at contributing both to International Human Resources Management literature and to the literature of the sociology of management tools
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Salerno, Gabriel A. "The Toxic French Education System: La Journée de la jupe and Sexism." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/840.
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This thesis seeks to investigate the factors that cause the existing sexism within the educational system in the banlieue (suburban districts mostly comprised of North African immigrants), and the societal prejudice that exists between the society of the descendants of the immigrant population and the rest of French society. This thesis explores Jean-Paul Lilienfeld’s film, La Journée de la jupe, which highlights the major inequalities within the French educational system and stereotypes of the banlieue. The narrowed focus of this thesis is on the inequalities between women and men, which cause for the outbreak of sexism that runs rampant throughout the toxic institutions in the underprivileged areas of France, the banlieues, by analyzing the film.
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Price, Joseph Edward. "The status of French among youth in a bilingual American-Canadian border community the case of Madawaska, Maine /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3297117.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of French & Italian, 2007.Title from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 25, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: A, page: 0592. Adviser: Albert Valdman.
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Cordeiro, Veridiana Domingos. "Por uma sociologia da memória: análise e interpretação da teoria da memória coletiva de Maurice Halbwachs." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-11112015-132539/.
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O presente trabalho busca realizar uma reconstrução teórica e sistemática da teoria da memória coletiva do sociólogo francês Maurice Halbwachs, dispersamente contida em seus três livros sobre o tema: Les Cadres Sociaux de la Mémoire (1925), La Topographie Léngendaire des Évangiles en Terre Sainte (1941) e póstumo La Mémoire Collective (1950). Para isso, rastreamos e reconstruímos o cenário intelectual da época que versava sobre o tema da memória nas Ciências Humanas, Psicologia e Filosofia, e também as principais influências intelectuais de Halbwachs, a saber, Durkheim e Bergson, a fim de demonstrar quais problemas a teoria da memória coletiva de Halbwachs procurou responder. O núcleo da dissertação está contido na reconstrução da teoria da memória coletiva a partir do rastreamento e reconstrução dos conceitos de memória coletiva e memória individual e também a noção de grupo das obras supracitadas. Após a reconstrução nuclear da teoria, colocam-na à prova em uma demonstração histórica a partir do caso da formação da memória coletiva cristã (a qual também é trabalhada por Halbwachs em seus escritos. Uma vez reconstruída e demostrada teoria, nos dedicamos a definir a memória coletiva contrapondo-a com outros termos: memória social, memória cultural, tradição, mito, história e conhecimento. Por fim, nas considerações finais, buscamos aproximar a concepção halbwachsiana de memória às teorias da mente contemporaneamente existentes.This study aims to perform a systematic and theoretical reconstruction of the theory of collective memory of the French sociologist Maurice Halbwachs, which is sparsely contained in his three books on the subject: Les Cadres de la Mémoire Sociaux (1925), La Topographie des Léngendaire Evangiles en Terre Sainte (1941) and the posthumous La Mémoire Collective (1950). In order to accomplish this aim, we tracked and reconstructed the intellectual scene of that time that dealt with the subject of memory within the Humanities, Psychology, and Philosophy. Moreover, we analyzed Halbwachs main intellectual influences, namely, Durkheim and Bergson, in order to demonstrate the problems that he sought to answer. The dissertations core is the reconstruction of the theory of collective memory, tracking and reconstructing it´s main concepts: collective memory, individual memory and the groups. We demonstrated the articulation of these concepts in a historical case: the formation of the Christian collective memory (which is also examined by Halbwachs in his writings). Once the theory was rebuilt and demonstrated, we defined the concept of ´collective memory´ contrasting it with other terms such as, ´social memory´, ´cultural memory´, ´tradition´, ´myth´, ´history´, and ´knowledge´. Lastly we tried to match the halbwachsian conception of memory to actual theories of mind.
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Mindelöf, Viveka. "Makt i en kommunal organisation : En kvalitativ studie om hur chefer och medarbetare uppfattar att makt används i organisationen." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-143531.
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Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur användandet av makt i en organisation kan uppfattas olika av chef och medarbetare, utifrån French och Ravens taxonomi med tillägg, beroende på ledarskapet och organisationsstrukturen. Syftet preciserades med frågeställningarna “Hur uppfattar chefer makten i organisationen?”, “Hur uppfattar medarbetare makten i organisationen?” och ”Hur väl följer organisationen French och Ravens taxonomi?” För att få förståelse för ämnet har teorier om makt studerats och det teoretiska angreppssättet har utgått från French och Ravens maktklassificering varpå även ytterligare två maktfaktorer lagts till. Kvalitativ metod användes i form av semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Intervjudeltagarna var åtta anställda på en kommun i Sverige varav tre stycken var chefer och fem stycken medarbetare. Intervjuerna kodades i sin helhet och presenterades i flertalet teman under maktbaser, ledarskap och organisationsstruktur. Resultatet visar att chefer och medarbetare har samma uppfattning om vilka maktbaser som förekommer, men upplever att de förekommer i olika hög grad. Hur starkt man upplever maktbaserna påverkas även av hur man upplever sin chefs ledarskap, där ett bra ledarskap minskar upplevelsen av maktbaserna. Även organisationsstrukturen bidrar till att påverka uppfattningen av makt, där den hierarkiska strukturen främjar upplevelsen av informationsmakt för medarbetarna. Det teoretiska ramverket kunde till viss del identifieras i organisationen, medan några maktbaser inte identifierades.
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Foureault, Fabien. "Remodeler le capitalisme : le jeu profond du Leveraged Buy-Out en France, 2001-2009." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0039/document.
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La thèse interroge les transformations du capitalisme français à partir d’une technique d’acquisition de sociétés par endettement nommée Leveraged BuyOut (LBO). Grâce au recueil de matériaux quantitatifs et qualitatifs, la thèse examine les conditions dans lesquelles les banquiers, les investisseurs et les dirigeants d’entreprise mobilisent cette « arme organisationnelle » et elle pénètre jusque dans l’entreprise pour en évaluer les effets. Le LBO révèle une transformation à la fois étendue et limitée du capitalisme français durant les dernières décennies. L’étendue du changement peut se mesurer à la croissance spectaculaire de ces opérations et à la diversité des acteurs qui participent au champ. Elles produisent de la valeur disponible qui permet aux investisseurs et aux dirigeants de constituer des fortunes considérables. Elles accélèrent le processus de destruction créatrice, le processus de rationalisation productive et recomposent le pouvoir dans l’entreprise. Mais l’arme organisationnelle a fait l’objet d’une traduction dans le langage du capitalisme français et a due être appropriée par les banquiers et les dirigeants. Le LBO est en quelque sorte autolimité : sa mécanique comporte une fragilité intrinsèque qui peut déboucher sur des faillites d’entreprise et sur des bulles de crédit. Enfin, les plans de création de valeur peuvent manquer leur objectif car ils s’affrontent à la déstabilisation de l’ordre social d’entreprise due au changement de propriétaire et à l’incertitude sur son attitude future. Au final, le LBO tient son pouvoir paradoxal du fait qu’il contribue à faire bifurquer le capitalisme français loin du « compromis d’aprèsguerre » tout en conservant les aspects traditionnels de sa structure institutionnelleThis dissertation deals with the transformations of contemporary French capitalism by analyzing the case of a takeover technique called the Leveraged BuyOut (LBO). Based on both quantitative and qualitative materials, it examines the conditions under which investors, bankers and managers mobilize this “organizational weapon” and penetrates within companies to asses its effects. As an organizational weapon the LBO reveals both the extent and the limits of the transformation of French capitalism during the last decades. The extent of this transformation can be measured by the impressive growth of LBOs in France and the diversity of actors involved. They produce value to be captured to build enormous fortunes for shareholders and managers. They accelerate the process of creative destruction and the rationalization of production. By emphasizing the efficiency criterion of profitability, they reconfigure power relations within the firm. But change also contains significant limits. This organizational weapon had to be translated into the language of French capitalism and had to be appropriated by cautious bankers and suspicious managers. The LBO is somewhat selflimited: its mechanics contains an inherent fragility that can lead to company bankruptcies and credit bubbles. Finally, value creation plans have to survive the destabilization of the corporate order to be effective and create considerable uncertainty towards the future. In the end, the LBO derives its paradoxical power from it contributing to the bifurcation of French capitalism away from the « postwar compromise » while maintaining its underlying institutional structure
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Menard, Claire M. "L'homme des réseaux, figure de l'entre-deux, dans ressources humaines et l'emploi du temps, de laurent cantet." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1249035935.
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Van, Vleet Eric. "Truffles Have Never Been Modern: An Actor-Network Theorization of 150 Years of French Trufficulture." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3679.
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Contemporary scholars seeking to increase Tuber Melanosporum truffle production rely almost exclusively on technological advancements to increase yields, while failing to place the cultivation of truffles, trufficulture, in its historical or local landscape contexts. In this dissertation, I describe how truffle scholars’ conceptualization of trufficulture and landscapes has changed over 150 years in France, while focusing on the French département of Lot. I examine changing relations between humans and nonhumans and how they impact truffle harvests. I analyzed the history of French trufficulture through a close reading of historic truffle manuals, archival research and the classification of remotely sensed images. Shifting from the past to the present, from July 2014-August 2016, I conducted semi-structured survey interviews with working truffle-growers (trufficulteurs) and participant observation at meetings of trufficulteurs, truffle hunts and truffle markets. I utilize actor-network theory (ANT) as both a theory and methodology. Actor-network theory allowed me to follow the impacts made by both humans and nonhumans on trufficulture. I found that truffle harvests in the 1880s dropped by 90%. Highly populated, intensively worked landscapes of viticulture, silvopastoralism and cereal cultivation created conditions suitable to truffles. By the 1870s the phylloxera aphid ravaged grapevines, which made trufficulture an important source of revenue. These advantageous conditions would not last. Post-WWI, yields fell for decades because of an ongoing rural population exodus and consequent agricultural abandonment, which promoted reforestation and closed canopy forests in Lot, France. By the 1960s, French trufficulteurs organized associations to share knowledge and promote local truffle markets to revive production. Trufficulteurs’ utilization of tractors, ‘inoculated’ plants and irrigation systems produced a new form of “modern” trufficulture. State subsidies helped trufficulteurs adopt “modern” practices, in hopes of increasing yields. “Modern” trufficulture has not dramatically increased yields. A few highly-capitalized trufficulteurs dominate production in Lot. Many others practice trufficulture as a hobby. Instead of relying on “modern” technological fixes, my findings suggest that trufficulteurs, farmers and states should reinvigorate extensive polyculture farming practices that maintain open canopy forests, which were beneficial to trufficulture in the past. Actor-network theory allowed me to rethink human and nonhuman relations, and to propose alternatives to “modern” trufficulture.
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Corrêa, Diogo Silva. "Sociologia francesa contemporânea: elementos para a análise de um grupo circunstancial." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2009. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2753.
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O presente trabalho se propõe a fazer uma apresentação sintética de algumas das principais teorias sociológicas francesas da segunda metada do século XX. Em um primeiro momento, faz-se a apresentação da sociologia crítica a partir de seu maior expoente, Pierre Bourdieu, visando a exposição sintética de seus principais conceitos e desdobramentos. Em seguida, faz-se uma apreciação crítica dessa teoria, mostrando seus impasses e suas fraquezas, basicamente a partir da exposição sistemática de argumentos de um conjunto de sociologias posteriors a de Bourdieu, que se preocuparam, em grande parte, em apontar seus pontos mais sensíveis e os problemas não respondíveis. Em um terceiro momento, apresentamos a etnometodologia, como uma teoria que busca formalizar a competência dos atores, visando a compreensão geral das sociologias enquanto um processo de formalização das competências vigentes dos atores leigos. Em seguida, fazemos uma apresentação da sociologia da crítica de Luc Bolanski e Laurent Thévenot para, por fim, no ultimo capítulo, usá-las (com considerável privilégio da última) como ferramentas analíticas para pensar a emergência de um grupo circunstancial, quer dizer pessoas que, diante de um infortúnio ocorrido com um próximo, resolvem se juntar e buscar por medidas que façam justiça a esse acontecimento trágico.
The present work seeks a synthetic account of some of the most important French sociological theories at the end of the XX century. At a first moment, it is displayed the critical sociology and its leading exponent, Pierre Bourdieu, trying to expose his main concepts and corollaries. A critical appreciation of this theory comes afterwards, showing its break-even points, following the systematic critics and appreciations of some sociological theories which worry themselves in point out the weakness and most sensible points of the critical theory. In a third moment, we present the ethnomethodology, as a theory that seeks to formalize the actor’s competences, understanding all the sociologies as a formalization of ordinary actors compentences in everyday life. Then, it is shown Luc Boltanski and Laurent Thévenot’s sociology of critique. In the last chapter, we use these theories (especially the last one) as an analytical tool to think the emergence of an circumstantial group, by it meaning some people that, confronted with any misfortune with someone close, decide to gather and seek for policies that make justice to this unfortunate happening.
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Furgiuele, Gianpaolo. "La malédiction littéraire et les auteurs maudits au XXe siècle : stratégie éditoriale et usage d'un mythe en régime médiatique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100120.
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Cette thèse vise à étudier la persistance et l’évolution de la malédiction littéraire dans le champ culturel français des XIXe et XXe siècles. En suivant une approche pluridisciplinaire au croisement de la littérature française, de la littérature comparée et de la sociologie, je montrerai que ce mythe demeure toujours actif et prolifique. Loin de me placer dans la perspective d’une vision sacrée de la littérature, je montrerai enfin comment la figure des auteurs maudits s’insère depuis toujours au sein d’une véritable stratégie éditoriale à des fins de visibilité. Sur la base de ces considérations, mon travail montre comment un phénomène qui appartient à la vie littéraire a pu dépasser ce domaine pour influencer et façonner d’autres disciplines, comme la musique, le cinéma ou la bande dessinéeThis thesis seeks to examine the persistence and the evolution of Literary damnation into the French literary scene of XIXth and XXth centuries. Using an multidisciplinary approach, French literature, comparative literature and sociology, I will show how this myth remains active and prolific. Far from the perspective of a sacred vision of literature finally I will show how the image of the accursed authors is always inserted in a true editorial strategy. My work shows how a phenomen on which belongs to the literary life was able to exceed this domain to influence other disciplines, like the music, the movies or the comics
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Hû, Grégory. "Les roses déracinées : transformation du recrutement du personnel socialiste : des logiques sociales aux logiques politiques (fin XIX-2012)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG023/document.
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Cette thèse entreprend d’examiner les transformations du recrutement du personnel politique socialiste de la fin du XIXe siècle à 2012 en établissant le passage d’une logique sociale à une logique politique du renouvellement des élus et cadres partisans à partir des années 1990. Sur la base d’une enquête de terrain croisant plusieurs méthodes (entretiens, observations, archives et base de données prosopographiques), cette recherche montre, dans une première partie, les filières sociales de renouvellement du personnel politique socialiste de la fin du XIXe siècle jusqu’en 1990. En changeant de jeu d’échelle, la seconde partie révèle la dévaluation des ressources des groupes mobilisés en 1971 (enseignants laïcs et catholiques de gauche) à partir des années 1990. Enfin, la dernière partie s’attache à démontrer en quoi la réévaluation des ressources politiques et partisanes transforme le recrutement et renouvelle le capital politique des élusThis PhD dissertation examines the transformations in the recruitment of the French Socialist Party’s (PS) political personnel from the late nineteenth century to 2012. It shows how social logics of recruitment have been replaced by political ones, with a significant renewal of the party’s elected representatives and executives in the 1990s. The research is based on extensive fieldwork combining quantitative and qualitative methods (interviews, participant observation, archival work and prosopography). The first part describes the social rationales at work in the renewal of the PS’s political personnel from the late nineteenth century to the 1990s. The second part examines in closer detail the devaluation of the mobilized groups’ resources during the 1990s. Finally, the third and last part demonstrates how the reevaluation of political and party resources has transformed the recruitment and changed the elected representatives’ political capital
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Alvarez, Fabiola. "The Scottish national screen agency : justifications of worth." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5020.
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This thesis examines the role of the former national screen agency in Scotland, which was in charge of distributing public funds for screen activity between 1997 and 2010. It examines how external factors such as cultural policy and internal factors such as individual approaches to film funding, affected the agency's perception and remit. The study draws on the institutional logics perspective (Thornton et al., 2012) to frame the interplay of two competing imperatives, one commercial, one creative, affecting the creative industries in Scotland and Scottish Screen's activities more specifically. However, it goes beyond this duality by examining more nuanced factors which significantly affected the organisation's trajectory and remit. Taking into account the predominant logic(s) throughout Scottish Screen's history and focusing on organisational responses during moments of transition or conflict, I use the analytical framework developed by Boltanski and Thévenot in On Justification (2006) to examine criticisms, justifications, and attempts at compromising expressed through official and non-official channels. The thesis outlines how opinions and decisions stemming from disparate views of what is “worthy” affected the agency's activity and funding decisions, as well as the dialogue with its stakeholders. The conclusions extracted from my findings inform existing literature on responses to plurality and challenge some claims made by institutional logic scholars: the first conclusion is that lack of conflict between logics does not necessarily translate into lack organisational conflict, as the latter often derives from different orders of worth which override the commercial-creative logic divide and are incompatible amongst themselves. The second conclusion, related to the first one, is that stability may be enhanced (at least temporarily) in a professional environment dominated by a plurality of logics as long as there is compatibility amongst the orders of worth set forth in pursuit of organisational goals. A third conclusion is related to the examination of some contributions to the orders of worth perspective and the study of plurality and instability in organisational practices, notably Boltanski and Chiapello's (2007) depiction of a seventh world of worth called the ‘projective city' (underpinned by the higher value of activity aimed at creating or maintaining ever-changing networks), and David Stark's (2009) study of plurality and ambiguity management in organisations. My findings suggest that organisational models based on pervasive, horizontal networks capable of transgressing traditional hierarchical structures were never fully deployed in Scottish Screen - traces of these practices are identified, but, overall, actors defended more traditional organisational scripts.
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Aktas, Arzu. "L'acquisition et la perte de la nationalité française : 1804-1927." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00762429.
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Notre thèse porte sur l'acquisition et la perte de la nationalité française entre 1804 et 1927.Pendant cette période, aussi bien l'acquisition que la perte de la nationalité française ont subi l'influence des impératifs politiques, économiques et sociologiques de l'époque.D'une part, s'agissant de l'acquisition de la nationalité française deux critères ont été retenus par les différents auteurs pour octroyer la qualité de Français. Selon eux, seuls le jus sanguinis ou le jus soli permettait d'acquérir la nationalité française. Or, force est de constater qu'il n'en est rien. En effet, nous avons pu établir à travers l'étude des travaux préparatoires du Code civil qu'un troisième critère prenant en compte les qualités essentielles c'est-à-dire l'assimilation des moeurs, des usages, des habitudes et de la culture française, était à l'origine d'un grand nombre d'acquisition de la nationalité française.D'autre part, ces mêmes impératifs ont déterminé avec plus ou moins de sévérité les conditions de perte de la nationalité française.Dès lors, la définition de la nationalité est française est éphémère.Par conséquent, il est difficile de déterminer avec précision ce qu'est un Français.
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Leroy, Ghislain. "Figures de l'enfant et pratiques des maîtres de l'école maternelle contemporaine." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB172.
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Quelle relation adulte / enfant est mise en œuvre par les maîtres de maternelle contemporains ? De 1986 à 2008, au niveau prescriptif, cette relation a été de plus en plus pensée à partir du modèle de la relation enseignant / élève. Mais quid des pratiques contemporaines ? C'est que cette thèse montre que d'autres modèles de la relation adulte / enfant ont émergé au cours de l'histoire de l'école maternelle : cinq figures de l'enfant, qui consistent en autant de manières de se représenter l'enfant, ont été distinguées. Plusieurs de ces figures de l'enfant sont critiques du rapport scolaire à l'enfant, défendant par exemple un rapport à l'enfant inspiré de la psychologie de l'enfant, ou encore un rapport d'inspiration maternelle à l'enfant. Une enquête sur les pratiques contemporaines a été menée, à partir d'entretiens, d'observations dans les classes, et d'une analyse de rapports d'inspection. Cette enquête a montré qu'en continuité avec le curriculum formel, le modèle relationnel scolaire jouit d'une légitimité bien plus grande que les autres rapports possibles à l'enfant, liés à d'autres figures de l'enfant. Cette thèse explore les conséquences pédagogiques de ce primat du rapport scolaire à l'enfant (importance de la contrainte de l'enfant, déclin de l'influence de l'éducation nouvelle, apprentissages précoces mettant à l'écart de la classe certains enfants), ainsi que ses conséquences affectives (logique disciplinaire dans certaines classes, perte de légitimité du rapport affectif à l'enfant, distanciation et froideur générales par rapport au corps enfantin). L'ensemble de ces éléments contribue à la recherche sur le statut de l'enfant dans la société contemporaine, c'est-à-dire à la sociologie de l'enfanceWhich relationship between adult and child is implemented by schoolmasters in french preschool ? From 1986 to 2008, in official texts, this relationship has been more and more thought out from the relationship model between a teacher and a pupil. But what about the contemporary practices ? As a matter of fact, this thesis shows that other adult / child relationship models have come out from french preschool history : five child figures, which consist in so many child representations, have been characterized. Several child figures are critical of school relationship to the child, standig up, fo instance, for a child relationship inspired by child psychology, or for a relationship based on maternel relationship to the child. A survey on contemporary practices has been conducted from interviews, observations in classrooms, and from an analysis of inspection reports. This survey has pointed out that, connecting with formal curriculum, the school relationship model enjoys a much more important legitimacy than any other possible relationships to the child, linked to other child figures. This thesis investigates pedagogical consequences of this child school relationship primacy (importance of the child compulsion, decline of Progressive Education influence, early learnings leaving some children aside of the class), it investigates as well affective consequences (diciplinary logics in some classrooms, loss of legitimacy of the affective relationship to the child, general detachment and coldness towards children's body). These elements as a whole contribute to the research on child status in the contemporary society, that is to say to childhood sociology
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Portocarrero, Gonzalo. "La sociología frente a la violencia." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115052.
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Ahmed, Michaux Bellaire François. "Les ruptures intellectuelles et scientifiques de la sociologie des relations internationales : enquête sur l’absence d’une conversation française en RI." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0570/document.
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Cette thèse propose une étude disciplinaire des Relations internationales en France. Dans ce domaine très peu exploré, elle discute un ensemble de conventions historiographiques qui incitent à justifier la situation déficiente dans laquelle se trouvent aujourd’hui les RI françaises. En discernant à la place un ensemble de croyances partagées, la thèse entend renouveler la façon dont il faudrait appréhender la position actuelle des RI françaises.Les résultats de l’étude mettent en cause le label franco-français « sociologie des relations internationales » comme n’étant pas parvenu à représenter une école de pensée française et à instaurer une conversation scientifique telle qu’a pu l’accomplir avec succès l’Ecole anglaise.La figure de Raymond Aron, précurseur de la sociologie des relations internationales, apparaît à ce titre en pleine lumière. Incarnant une étude autonome des RI qui s’est déployée un temps avec vigueur en France, son rejet actuel symbolise les difficultés d’ordre avant tout scientifique dont souffre la sociologie des relations internationales contemporaine.Sont principalement mis en question les rapports de cette dernière à la théorie, à la distinction entre objets internes, étrangers et internationaux et à la conception pluridisciplinaire de l’étude des relations internationalesThis thesis is a disciplinary study of French IR. It challenges a set of historiographic conventions that rationalize the marginal status in which French IR is stuck at present. By relegating these conventions as shared beliefs, this study intends to renew the way the current situation of French IR should be understood.The results of the investigation implicate the purely French label « Sociology of international relations » since it has been unable to represent a French school of thought and to establish a scientific conversation as successfully as the English school did.It sheds a critical light on the role of the precursor of the French Sociology of international relations Raymond Aron. Given the facts that he embodied an autonomous study of IR which has well spread in France for some time and the rejection he is subjected to nowadays, R. Aron symbolizes the very scientific issues that are at stake when considering the contemporary French Sociology of international relations.Thus, the main controversial points emphasize the latter’s intellectual premises regarding theory, the distinction between internal, foreign and international objects, and the multidisciplinary conception of the study of IR
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Lekogo, Rodolf E. "The dynamics of Francophone African migration to Cape Town after 1994." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/898.
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Thesis (DPhil (Sociology))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate a group of Francophone African migrants in Cape Town during the decade following the end of the apartheid era. The focus of the thesis, however, is on the reasons why French-speaking Africans leave their countries of origin, the reasons for coming to South Africa, and finally the reasons why within South Africa, they decide to settle in Cape Town, with a particular accent put on the integration of these migrants into the local society. The thesis considers legal migrants, students, refugees and extra-legals as the four categories of migrants according to theoretical frameworks. A brief overview of selected theories of international migration is considered to provide a framework for the Francophone African migration to Cape Town. The theoretical causes of Francophone African migration are viewed through both theories on the initiation of migration and theories of the perpetuation of migration. Apart from the theoretical synopsis, the data on which this study is based are derived from both qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches. Alongside secondary sources, a series of interviews, based on categories of migrants and gender, were conducted in Cape Town, Johannesburg and Pretoria in South Africa, as well as in Libreville in Gabon. In-depth interviews and focus-groups aimed at collecting information concerning the three main questions of the study. The reasons for the departure of Francophone Africans from their countries of origin are complex and mainly depend on the categories of migrants. As far as legal migrants and students are concerned, economic, political, social and academic paralysis, career prospects and the desire to pursue studies are the main reasons. As for refugees and extralegals, armed conflicts, environmental catastrophes, economic and social deterioration and social capital seem to be the main causes. Since 1994, South Africa has claimed a strong leadership role on the continent because of its economic and political strengths. Educational infrastructure, the language factor and social capital are also reasons why migrants choose South Africa as a host country. The settlement in Cape Town depends on various factors, including the consideration of the city as first choice, safety concerns in other South African cities, the inability to settle in other cities, particularly Johannesburg, and social networks. French language seems to be a common language identity linking various ethnic groups residing in Francophone Africa. However, once migrants have established themselves in Cape Town, their ethnic, religious or political identities prevail. The thesis analyses the settlement of migrants in Cape Town by pointing out the complexities of migrant life in a case study of each category considered.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis het ten doel om ‘n groep Franssprekende Afrika migrante in Kaapstad, in die dekade wat direk op die einde van die apartheidsera gevolg het, te ondersoek. Die tesis fokus op die redes waarom Franssprekende Afrikane hulle land van oorsprong verlaat, die redes waarom hulle na Suid-Afrika kom en, laastens, die redes waarom hulle in Suid-Afrika besluit om in Kaapstad te bly – die klem is spesifiek op die integrasie van die migrante binne die plaaslike gemeenskap. Na aanleiding van die teoretiese raamwerke wat vir die studie oorweeg word, neem die tesis wettige migrante, studente, vlugtelinge en onwettige migrante as die vier kategorieë van migrante, in ag. ’n Bondige oorsig van uitgesoekte teorieë vir internasionale migrasie word as raamwerk vir die Franssprekende Afrikane se migrasie na Kaapstad oorweeg. Die teoretiese oorsake vir Franssprekende Afrikane se migrasie word deur beide die teorieë vir die inisiasie vir migrasie en die teorieë vir die bestendiging vir migrasie beoordeel. Naas die teoretiese sinopsis, word die data waarop hierdie studie gebaseer is, van beide kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe metodologiese benaderinge afgelei. Aanvullend tot die sekondêre bronne, is daar ook ‘n reeks onderhoude, gebaseer op kategorieë van migrante en geslag, in Kaapstad, Johannesburg en Pretoria in Suid-Afrika asook in Libreville in Gabon, gevoer – in diepte onderhoude en fokusgroepe met die doel om inligting rakende die drie hoofkwessies van die studie in te win. Die redes vir die emigrasie van Franssprekende Afrikane uit hulle oorsprongsland is kompleks en hang grotendeels saam met die kategorieë van migrante. Wat die wettige migrante en studente aanbetref is ekonomiese, politieke, sosiale en akademiese magteloosheid, loopbaan vooruitsigte en die begeerte vir die nastreef van studies, die hoofredes. Vir vlugtelinge en onwettige migrante blyk die hoofoorsake dié van gewapende konflik, natuurrampe, ekonomiese en sosiale agteruitgang en sosiale kapitaal te wees. Sedert 1994, het Suid-Afrika, weens haar ekonomiese en politieke vermoëns, ’n sterk leierskapsrol op die kontinent uitgeoefen. Opvoedkundige infrastrukture, die taalkwessie en sosiale kapitaal is nog redes waarom migrante Suid-Afrika as gasheerland uitsonder. Vestiging in Kaapstad hang van verskeie redes af, insluitende die inagneming van die stad as eerste keuse, veiligheidsaspekte in ander Suid-Afrikaanse stede en die onvermoë om in ander stede gevestig te word. Die klem in hierdie verband rus veral op Johannesburg en sosiale netwerke. Frans as taal skyn ‘n algemene identiteit te wees wat verskeie etniese groepe in Franssprekende Afrika met mekaar verbind. Tog is dit hulle etniese, godsdienstige en politieke identiteit wat gehandhaaf word sodra migrante hulself in Kaapstad gevestig het. Die tesis analiseer ook die vestiging van migrante in Kaapstad deur die kompleksiteite binne die leeftydsmigrasie van ’n gevallestudie vir elke kategorie in ag te neem.
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Cordeiro, Sara Regina Ramos. "O significado do dinheiro em Balzac." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279990.
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Orientador: Elide Rugai BastosTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T14:51:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cordeiro_SaraReginaRamos_D.pdf: 2308227 bytes, checksum: 42cf83bc37ec21bf5a996346688c5ea5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Com a emergência da sociedade burguesa de mercado no século XIX o dinheiro passou a desempenhar um papel fundamental na nova configuração, uma vez que a manutenção e expansão de tal sociedade pressupõem a regularidade nas trocas e, conseqüentemente, uma economia monetária desenvolvida a ponto de assegurar essa regularidade. Alguns romancistas, em particular os realistas franceses, demonstraram em seus romances a emergência dessa sociedade motivada pelo lucro, tendo o dinheiro como elemento central de suas narrativas. A Comédia Humana de Honoré de Balzac (1799-1850) é considerada o maior registro literário da sociedade francesa desse período e muitas de suas tramas são atravessadas por relações mediadas pelo dinheiro. Mais tarde, sociólogos como Karl Marx (1818-1883), Georg Simmel (1858-1918) e Max Weber (1864-1920) desenvolveram suas análises numa perspectiva crítica à sociedade de mercado, destacando o dinheiro como elemento racionalizador das relações e desagregador dos laços tradicionais. Nesse sentido, este trabalho pretende mobilizar as categorias analíticas da sociologia clássica para analisar parte da obra de Balzac a fim de verificar como o romancista via a relação que os indivíduos de sua época estabeleciam com o dinheiro e quais os principais impactos dessa relação na moderna sociedade
Abstract: The raising of a bourgeois market society in the nineteenth century resulted in the great importance that money started to play in the new social arrangement, since the maintenance and expansion of that society predicted the regularity in exchanges and, as a consequence, a monetary economy developed to the point that insured this regularity. Some novelists, particularly French realists ones, showed in their novels the emergence of this market society motivated by profits, having money as the central element of their stories. The Human Comedy, by Honoré de Balzac (1799-1850) is considered the biggest literary register of the French society of that period and many of its plots are crossed by relations mediated by money. Afterwards, sociologists like Karl Marx (1818-1883), Georg Simmel (1858-1918) and Max Weber (1864-1920) developed their studies in a critical perspective from the market society, contrasting money as the rational element of relations and disintegrator of traditional ties. Therefore, this paper aims to mobilize the analytical categories of classical sociology in order to analyze part of Balzac?s work with the intention of examine how the novelist used to see the relationship that individuals of his time established with money and what was the main effects of this relationship in that new society
Doutorado
Sociologia
Doutor em Sociologia
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Brookes, Kevin. "« Ce n’est pas arrivé ici » : sociologie politique de la réception du néo-libéralisme dans le système politique français depuis les années 1970." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH034.
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Cette recherche rend compte des difficultés de la diffusion des idées néo-libérales dans la vie politique française de 1974 jusqu’à 2012. Son premier apport consiste à démontrer – à travers un large panel de données sur les politiques publiques, l’opinion publique et les programmes des partis – qu’en France le succès des idées néo-libérales a été moindre par rapport aux autres pays européens. Son deuxième apport consiste à expliquer cette anomalie française, en contribuant plus généralement à la question de la diffusion des idéologies dans un système politique. La réponse se base sur une double étude : une analyse micro-historique centrée sur les acteurs (à partir d’entretiens et d’un travail sur les archives des organisations internationales de promotion du néo-libéralisme), couplée à une analyse macro-sociologique centrée sur les caractéristiques du contexte national. Il est montré que si la diffusion du néo-libéralisme a été moins importante en France par rapport à d’autres pays voisins, c’est en raison de la forte résistance de l’opinion publique à son égard. Celle-ci a restreint la fenêtre d’opportunité de ses partisans de manière directe en incitant les hommes politiques à ne pas mettre en œuvre des politiques publiques trop congruentes avec cette idéologie, et de manière indirecte, en exerçant une influence sur le discours économique et social des principaux partis politiques pouvant légitimer la mise en œuvre de mesures libéralisant les politiques publiques. De plus, la structure des institutions françaises a renforcé l’effet de « dépendance au sentier » dans la fabrique des politiques publiques en valorisant l’expertise d’État contre celle d’acteurs susceptibles de remettre en cause le consensus existant comme les universitaires et les think tanks. Enfin, à partir de la réalisation d’une socio-histoire inédite du mouvement néo-libéral depuis les années 1970, d’autres facteurs plus contingents sont identifiés. La fragmentation et la radicalité des partisans du néo-libéralisme, ainsi que la quasi absence d’entrepreneur politique susceptible d’incarner ces idées, ont contribué à la marginalité de ces idées dans le débat publicThis thesis examines, and then explains, the relative lack of success in the dissemination and acceptance of neo-liberal ideas in French politics during the period from 1974 to 2012. Using a wide range of data on public policy, public opinion and political party platforms, it demonstrates that neo-liberal thought has had far less influence in France than in other European nations. It then accounts for this anomaly and contributes more generally to the understanding of how ideologies diffuse in a political system. The answer is derived from the combination of two perspectives. The first is a stakeholder-centered, micro-historical analysis based on interviews and on the archives of international organizations promoting neo-liberalism. This is coupled with a macro-sociological analysis focused on the characteristics of the French national context. The failure of neo-liberalism to propagate in France is shown to be mainly due to the strong resistance of public opinion towards it. This has restricted opportunities for its supporters, both directly, by discouraging politicians from implementing policies congruent with this ideology, and indirectly, by shrinking the policy window of acceptable economic and social discourse and thus limiting the options of the main political parties that might otherwise legitimize the implementation of neo-liberal public policies. In addition, the structure of French institutions has reinforced the effect of "path dependence" in the making of public policy by valuing state expertise above that of actors likely to question the existing consensus, such as academics and think tanks. Finally, we identify other more incidental factors: The fragmentation and radicalism of neo-liberalism's supporters, as well as the absence of any political actor who could effectively embody these ideas, contributed to their marginality in the public debate.This thesis examines, and then explains, the relative lack of success in the dissemination and acceptance of neo-liberal ideas in French politics during the period from 1974 to 2012. Using a wide range of data on public policy, public opinion and political party platforms, it demonstrates that neo-liberal thought has had far less influence in France than in other European nations. It then accounts for this anomaly and contributes more generally to the understanding of how ideologies diffuse in a political system. The answer is derived from the combination of two perspectives. The first is a stakeholder-centered, micro-historical analysis based on interviews and on the archives of international organizations promoting neo-liberalism. This is coupled with a macro-sociological analysis focused on the characteristics of the French national context. The failure of neo-liberalism to propagate in France is shown to be mainly due to the strong resistance of public opinion towards it. This has restricted opportunities for its supporters, both directly, by discouraging politicians from implementing policies congruent with this ideology, and indirectly, by shrinking the policy window of acceptable economic and social discourse and thus limiting the options of the main political parties that might otherwise legitimize the implementation of neo-liberal public policies. In addition, the structure of French institutions has reinforced the effect of "path dependence" in the making of public policy by valuing state expertise above that of actors likely to question the existing consensus, such as academics and think tanks. Finally, we identify other more incidental factors: The fragmentation and radicalism of neo-liberalism's supporters, as well as the absence of any political actor who could effectively embody these ideas, contributed to their marginality in the public debate
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Pagnon, Clemence. "La circonscription législative de Vire sous la Vème République : d'un bastion de la droite à une terre d'alternances. 1958-2012." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC037/document.
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La circonscription législative de Vire est une circonscription complexe de par la diversité des territoires qui la compose et donc par la diversité de son électorat. C’est une circonscription historiquement de droite, pourtant, entre 1958 et 2012, elle choisit par deux fois un député de gauche. Cette recherche vise donc à cerner et comprendre le comportement électoral des électeurs de la circonscription de Vire, ainsi que les facteurs qui déterminent leur choix une fois dans l’isoloir. Ces derniers sont multiples et ne pèsent pas tous de la même façon dans le choix du vote. Le contexte politique national, le contexte économique, l’électeur lui-même ou encore le candidat, tous ces facteurs y participent.Cette recherche se base avant tout sur des données quantitatives : résultats électoraux lors des élections législatives depuis 1958, mais aussi résultats électoraux lors des élections présidentielles. Il faut aussi étudier l’électorat par le biais des listes électorales, et des données publiées par l’INSEE. La composition de l’électorat de chaque commune, ainsi que les résultats électoraux associés sont donc répertoriés afin de permettre des comparaisons dans le temps, et entre communes. Ces relevés précis permettent également d’établir des cartes et de rendre l’évolution politique et sociologique de la circonscription plus lisible. Une fois mises en parallèle, ces données dressent le portrait de la circonscription de Vire à chaque scrutin législatif. Il convient également d’y ajouter ce que nous appelons la réalité du territoire. Nous nous reposons alors sur la mémoire vive ainsi que sur la presse locale pour rendre compte du contexte et des campagnes électorales.L’ensemble de ces facteurs : CSP, contextes etc., jouent sur le choix des électeurs de la circonscription étudiée. Il est pourtant un facteur qui caractérise la circonscription : la personnalité du candidat lui-même joue un un rôle dans le choix de l’électeur. Il aime connaître le candidat pour lequel il vote. La longévité d’Olivier Stirn en est une preuve, tout comme celle des députés suivants. C’est ainsi que la circonscription de Vire choisit par deux fois Alain Tourret, son seul député de gauche entre 1958 et 2012The french legislative division of Vire, in Normandy, is a complex division. It’s composed of different territories with specific electors. Historically, it’s a conservative division. However, the division chose a « left » (labour) deputy, twice, between 1958 and 1952.The goal of our research is to identify and explain the political behaviour of its electors, and reasons why they choose a candidate and not another. All reasons have a different importance between two electors. For example, the national political context, the economic context, or the elector and candidate personalities have different importance if the elector is a minor or a farmer.Quantitative datas are our first source. We use legislative elections results in the division since 1958, and presidential elections results too. We also study electors themselves by means of electoral lists and INSEE sources. Electors identities, and results of each common, written in tables and maps allow us to compare them. Thanks to this, we can draw a political and sociological portrait, during the 5th Republic, of the Vire division, and look at its evolutions. Our second source is less quantitative. We use local press et tracts to study legislative campaign. We use memories too. It shows how electors live in this territory.All these factors have a different importance, however, there is one which seems to be characteristic of Vire division. It appears that the elector likes to know the candidate he has chosen. Its personality is one of the most important factor. It explains Olivier Stirn’s carrier, and other deputies after him. We think it’s one of the reason why the Vire division elected Alain Tourret, twice, its only left (socialist) deputy
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Malgras, Philip. "L'union fait la force : la bonne famille en ses réseaux. L'ascension prodigieuse des Cibiel, du colportage à la haute finance (1754-1914). Théorie de l'acteur stratégique appliquée à l'Histoire de la famille." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL021.
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La présente thèse vise à déterminer les ressorts de l’ascension sociale des Cibiel, entre 1754 et 1914, organisée durant quatre générations sur un mode collectif, au cours de laquelle ils passent du colportage local entre montagne du Cantal et plaines, au négoce et à la finance au niveau national puis international : ils édifient, à partir du textile et du Sud-ouest, un empire financier et industriel dans tous les domaines de la Révolution industrielle – transports, secteur minier et métallurgique et dérivés, modernisation urbaine – complété par un patrimoine foncier de premier ordre. L’analyse de cette mutation progressive permet de comprendre quelles sont les stratégies et les logiques mises en œuvre par les différents « acteurs » de la famille, mettant en synergie jeux communs et jeux individuels pour conquérir un pouvoir économique et sociopolitique majeur au sein des réseaux d’élites, à partir d’un réseau familial insolite implanté dans une logique de comptoirs à l’image de celui des Rothschild. La mobilisation de la méthodologie d’analyse des réseaux et de la sociologie des organisations, notamment la théorie de « l’acteur stratégique » de Michel Crozier et Erhard Friedberg, pour étudier la dynamique des Cibiel, permet de mesurer à quelles conditions « l’union fait la force ». Alors que la succession d’un « acteur-clé » aux trois premières générations joue un rôle moteur pour le collectif familial, la rupture introduite par une « stratégie d’affrontement » intrafamiliale à la dernière génération marque la fin de la « bonne fortune » prodigieuse de la famille Cibiel et de sa success story singulièreThe present thesis aims at determining the origins and forces of the social climbing of the French family Cibiel, between 1754 and 1914, through four generations. Within these 160 years, the family rose from local peddling to international trade and finance. Starting from textile trading in the Southwest of France, the Cibiels gradually built a financial and industrial empire which stretched over all the fields impacted by the Industrial Revolution — transports, mining, metallurgy, urban modernizing —, and accumulated a considerable estate. The analysis of this gradual transformation enables the understanding of the strategies and logics implemented by the various "players" of the family. They forged synergistic common games and individual games to conquer a major economic and socio-political power within elite networks. Their social climbing hinges on an unusual family network, that developed itself through a counters approach, similar to the Rothschilds network. The network analysis and the sociology of organizations methodologies have been used, particularly the "strategic player" theory of Michel Crozier and Erhard Friedberg, to study the Cibiels’ dynamics. They support the assessment of what makes unity a strength. The emergence of a "key player" at each of the first three generations plays a leading role in the family collective. With the break introduced by an intrafamilial "confrontational strategy" at the last generation came the end of the prodigious "good fortune" of the Cibiel family and of its singular success story
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Everly, Macklin Keith. "Multicultural Public Policy and Homegrown Terrorism in the European Union." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1409088787.
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Amit, Aviv. "Modèles des contacts linguistiques dans l’histoire de la langue française." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040153.
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Cette recherche vise à évaluer l'ordre dans lequel les divers contacts linguistiques ont eu lieu dans l'histoire de la langue française. Nous confrontons d'abord quelques approches théoriques afin d'intégrer la linguistique, la sociologie, les sciences politiques et les sciences économiques. Nous nous demandons ensuite dans quelle mesure les rapports entre le français et les autres langues, autochtones ou étrangères, sont systématiques, tout en construisant un modèle des trois étapes (mentale, politique et économique) qui ne cessent de se reproduire. Nous analysons enfin l'état des contacts linguistiques actuels du français-francophone à la lumière des différentes périodes dans l'histoire de la langue françaiseThis work aims to evaluate the order in which different language contacts have occurred throughout the history of the French language. We proceed as follow: first, we integrate some theoretical approaches from different research fields: linguistics, sociology, political sciences and economics. Then, we observe the homogeneity of historical langue encounters of French with other languages, local or foreign, by developing a three-stage model (mental, political and economical) that repeats itself along the years. Using this historical model, we analyze the situation of current worldwide language contacts of French
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Yuan, Wei. "La traduction des romans français en Chine (1993-2017) :Champs, agents et paysages littéraires." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/314399/3/Contrat.pdf.
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Ce travail aborde la place de la littérature française en Chine en retraçant les parcours de traduction des romans français contemporains. Ce processus de traduction s’est vu transformé à partir de la fin 1992, lorsque la Chine a adhéré aux conventions internationales des droits d’auteur. Inspirée par l’approche sociologique de la traduction, cette thèse adopte les outils conceptuels de Pierre Bourdieu et propose une étude sur la base d’une recherche de terrain et de l’analyse quantitative des statistiques de première main. Il s’agit ainsi d’identifier les agents de la traduction d’œuvres romanesques françaises en Chine à travers un mécanisme façonné par la structure sociale, et de chercher à comprendre qui traduit et quoi dans ce processus conditionné. À travers une première partie qui retrace l’histoire de la traduction littéraire en Chine avec les outils bourdieusiens, nous constatons que peu importe qui domine la traduction – les écrivains, les traducteurs, l’État ou les académiques – la littérature traduite du français véhicule habituellement un riche capital symbolique en Chine. Nous argumentons dans une deuxième partie que l’introduction de la logique du marché depuis 1993 a refaçonné le rapport de force entre les différents agents, et a poussé l’éditeur à jouer un rôle relativement décisif – même si toujours sous contrôle de l’État. Par conséquent, la production commerciale est largement renforcée. Dans ce paysage, la situation des romans français semble en décalage. Nous dévoilons dans la troisième partie que sur le plan du processus, elle mobilise surtout des agents formés par le champ académique et qui ont pour vocation de se lancer plutôt dans la littérature de production restreinte que dans la littérature de grande production, comme l’étude du catalogue de l’éditeur le plus actif du domaine (Shanghai 99) en témoigne. Le panorama des auteurs contemporains traduits présenté dans la quatrième partie relativise la présomption que les œuvres françaises traduites sont concentrées dans le pôle de traduction restreinte :les best-sellers français sont également traduits, mais ils ne se vendent pas bien en Chine. Cependant, nous observons tout de même que les auteurs français au lectorat plus restreint ont pu trouver un éditeur chinois qui correspond à leur genre littéraire et faire traduire leurs œuvres systématiquement. En somme, nous argumentons qu’en Chine aujourd’hui, les romans français ne sont pas moins traduits, mais ils sont plutôt gérés par des agents qui se situent dans le sous-champ de production restreinte, dans un équilibre de force entre le champ académique et le champ économique.This work addresses the place of French literature in China by tracing the translation routes of contemporary French novels. The translation process was transformed at the end of 1992, when China signed two important international conventions of copyright. Inspired by the sociological approach of Translation Studies, this thesis adopts the conceptual tools of Pierre Bourdieu and proposes a study based on field research and quantitative analysis of first-hand statistics. The goal is thus to illustrate the translation mechanism shaped by the social structure, to identify the agents and to understand who translates what in this conditioned process. In the first section which traces the history of literary translation in China with Bourdieu's tools, we note that no matter who dominates the translation - writers, translators, the State or academics - the French literature conveys usually a rich symbolic capital in China. We argue in the second part that the introduction of a market economy in 1993 has reshaped the power relation between the various agents, and pushed the editors and publishers to play a relatively decisive role - even if still under state control. Therefore, commercial production is greatly enhanced. In this landscape, the situation of French novels seems out of step. We reveal in the third part that in terms of working process, French novels mobilize special agents trained by the academic field whose vocation lies in the literature of small-scale production rather than the large-scale production, and this observation is testified by analyzing the catalog of the most active publisher in the field (Shanghai 99). The fourth part presents a panorama of contemporary French authors who’s been translated, and realizes the presumption that French translated works are concentrated in the restricted pole: French bestsellers are also translated, but they do not sell well in China. However, we still observe that French authors with a limited readership have been able to find a Chinese publisher who corresponds to their literary genre and have their works translated systematically. In short, we argue that in China today, French novels are no less translated, but they are rather managed by agents who are located in the sub-field of small-scale production, in a balance of power between academic field and economic field.
Doctorat en Langues, lettres et traductologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Blanco, García Ilian. "El barrio como frente cultural. Construcción y transformación de la apropiación del barrio Cuadrante de San Francisco." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129897.
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El barrio Cuadrante de San Francisco (Ciudad de México), ha sufrido diversas transformaciones histórico-sociales. Cambios que generan tensiones socio-culturales de sus habitantes y modifican el sentido del barrio (físico, formas de habitarlo y sus consecuentes relaciones sociales) que cristalizan diversos modos de relacionarse entre ellos y su espacio y fragmentación de su tejido social y participación social. Bajo ese contexto nos preguntamos ¿Cómo los diversos habitantes del barrio se apropian del espacio, cómo se identifican, se apegan y orientan sus prácticas y relaciones sociales en/y con su barrio?, y ¿Cómo luchan entre ellos por imprimir su visión y forma de habitar el espacio? Preguntas que nos orientan a 1) Distinguir y comprender la estructura objetiva de los diversos grupos del barrio y la forma en que se apropian del espacio; 2) Explorar la transformación de las representaciones y prácticas sociales que construyen la apropiación del barrio; 3) Investigar las actividades y la participación que los habitantes del barrio despliegan en/y para su entorno; e 4) Identificar los símbolos que alimentan la elaboración de los discursos y las prácticas de los agentes sociales, las orientaciones (campos/especialistas/reglas) culturales que dominan la estructura objetiva de los agentes sociales, su estructura cognitiva y el contexto situacional.
Objetivos que nos promueven comprender al barrio como un frente cultural, donde la diversidad socio-cultural de los diferentes actores lucha por imprimir “la” manera de apropiarse del espacio, y con ello sus identidades y apegos simbólicos, aspectos que orientan las prácticas y las relaciones sociales. Apropiación del espacio, y en específico sobre la identidad social/urbana; entendida como la interiorización de la praxis humana acotada por las relaciones entre estructuras subjetivas (representaciones sociales) y objetivas de los agentes sociales (posición en el espacio social), en las que intervienen procesos de objetivaciones históricas y luchas por la hegemonía.
Recurrimos al relacionismo metodológico (enfoques estructuralistas y constructivistas) acorde con el análisis de los frentes culturales con base en el uso de varias técnicas de investigación (encuesta: análisis de conglomerados, relatos de vida, historias de familia, recorridos cartográficos y revisión documental), para la construcción de observables (estructurales, históricos, situacionales y simbólicos), y el uso complementario de métodos de análisis (etnográfico, palimpsesto, historia oral, distributivo heurístico) para el procesamiento y el manejo de la información.
Con base en los resultados podemos concluir que 1) Si bien hay luchas que pueden fortalecer las apropiaciones del espacio cristalizadas en acciones orientadas a su defensa, también hay luchas que, sin debilitar la apropiación del espacio, pueden disminuir la organización participativa. 2) Hay luchas trans-campales (promovidas por el estado), que pueden debilitar la capacidad de reconocimiento y organización entre los habitantes. 3) A mayor relación (ideológica, simbólica, objetiva y factual) con las instituciones presentes en el espacio (geo-socio-cultural), mejores posibilidades de apropiación del mismo, flujo de contactos entre los habitantes y apoyo a la participación en proyectos orientados al lugar. 4) Si bien hay una correspondencia entre el modo de apropiación del espacio y las acciones que se desarrollan en el mismo (con sus consecuentes contactos sociales y simbolismos culturales); no siempre se orientan acciones de cara a resolver proyectos futuros del barrio. 5) Los modos de apropiación del espacio se transforman en la confluencia de múltiples factores socio-históricos y en el devenir de las trayectorias de los grupos sociales que lo habitan, donde no sólo los grupos son caracterizados por sus diferentes y desnivelados volúmenes y estructuras de capitales, sino también por sus estructuras subjetivas construidas en su trayectoria y objetivadas en su práctica con el espacio, cuestión que se hace más tangible en entornos con evidentes desniveles sociales.The Quadrant of San Francisco neighborhood (Mexico City), has undergone various historical and social transformations that create socio- cultural tensions of the people and change the direction of the neighborhood that crystallize different ways of relating to each other and their space and fragmentation of the social fabric and social participation. That guide us to 1) Identify and understand the objective structure of the various neighborhood groups and how appropriate the space, 2) Explore the transformation of social representations and practices that build ownership of the neighborhood, 3) Investigate the activities and the participation that local inhabitants deploy in/and their environment, and 4) Identify symbols that feed the development of the discourses and practices of social agents, cultural orientations that dominate the social objective structure, cognitive structure and the situational context. We resort to methodological relationalism according to the analysis of cultural fronts based on the use of various research techniques and the complementary use of analytical methods for the processing and management of information. We conclude 1) while there are struggles that can strengthen the appropriations of space crystallized in actions oriented for their defense, there are struggles without weakening the appropriation of space that can decrease participatory organization. 2) There are transfield battles (promoted by the state), which can weaken the ability of recognition and organization among the inhabitants. 3) Increasing the relationships with the present institutions in space, more chances of appropriation, flow of contacts between the people and support participation in projects oriented to place. 4) While there is a correspondence between the mode of appropriation of space and the actions that take place in, not always oriented actions to resolve future projects face the neighborhood. And 5) the modes of appropriation of space is transformed into the confluence of multiple socio- historical factors and the evolution of the trajectories of social groups that live there, an issue that becomes more tangible in environments with obvious social gradients.
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Prévert, Aline. "La lutte contre les discriminations dans le travail en France. : sociogenèse d'un dispositif d'action publique (1980-2004)." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENH022.
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La lutte contre les discriminations dans le travail en France. Sociogenèse d'un dispositif d'action publique (1980-2004) « Lutter contre les discriminations » résonne aujourd'hui en France comme un mot d'ordre naturel accompagné d'un dispositif d'actions et d'un réseau d'acteurs. Mais ceci n'est que très récent. Ce n'est qu'à la fin des années 1990 que la question des discriminations entre dans l'arène publique et qu'elle est perçue comme un problème crucial à traiter. L'ambition de cette recherche doctorale est de mieux comprendre le dispositif d'action publique français de lutte contre les discriminations dans le travail, à travers l'étude de sa genèse et de ses usages. Dans cette perspective, la loi relative à la lutte contre les discriminations du 16 novembre 2001 est essentielle, venant symboliser l'émergence et la formation de cette action publique et déterminer sa mise en œuvre. C'est au travers et à partir de son étude que l'analyse de la conception, de l'institutionnalisation et de l'application de ce dispositif a été conduite. Ce travail doctoral permet de saisir le processus d'émergence de la lutte contre les discriminations en France et sa formation en catégorie d'action publique. Il propose également une étude des pratiques d'acteurs ayant contribué à la cristallisation de cette cause dans l'espace public. Il s'intéresse aussi aux usages de cette politique au travers et à partir du cas d'une entreprise publique, la SNCF ; l'objectif étant de saisir le processus de transposition de l'action publique de lutte contre les discriminations en objectif entrepreneurialThe fight against discriminations in the workplace in France. Sociological genesis of a public policy device (1980-2004) "Fighting against discriminations" sounds today in France like a natural motto and mobilizes a set of public devices and a network of social actors. The issue of discriminations was only introduced in the public area in the late 1990s and seems to be a crucial problem that has to be cured. The aim of this PhD research is to better understand the system of French antidiscrimination public policy in the work area through the study of its genesis and its uses. From this perspective, the law of fight against discriminations of November 16th, 2001 is an essential point : this legal framework symbolizes the emergence and formation of this public policy and determines its implementation. The analysis of the conception, the institutionalization, and the implementation of this device is guided by its study. This PhD thesis aims at analyzing the emergence of the fight against discriminations in France, and its building process as a category of public action. It proposes a study of the practices of actors who have contributed to the crystallisation of this cause in the public space. This study is also focused on the uses of this public action device and is based upon the case study of a French public company, the SNCF (National Railways Company). The objective is to highlight the process of transposition of the antidiscrimination public policy into an entrepreneurial goal
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Pape, Elise. "Transmissions intergénérationnelles dans des familles d'origine marocaine en France et en Allemagne : "la fierté d'être soi"." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAG042.
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Cette thèse a pour objet l’étude de processus de transmission en situation (post)migratoire. A partir d’une étude socio-anthropologique, elle vise à saisir l’impact de différents cadres nationaux sur ces transmissions, mais aussi à étudier les dynamiques transnationales à l’œuvre, car le groupe étudié est caractérisé par sa forte répartition dans plusieurs pays d’Europe. L’analyse dégage diverses formes de transmissions, allant des rapports de genre aux langues, aux pratiques transnationales, à la religion, ou encore au rapport à la modernité et à l’altérité. Ces transmissions révèlent, indépendamment de l’origine sociale des familles rencontrées, être motivées par la transmission de la « fierté d’être soi », par laquelle les familles élaborent une résistance active à l’impact du postcolonialisme. Un outil particulièrement puissant dans ce processus s’avère consister dans la transmission de la mémoire familiale, par laquelle les personnes étudiées développent une réflexion intense autour du rapport entre histoire, mémoire et construction des sociétés contemporaines, visant à rapprocher le « ici » du « là-bas »This PhD treats the question of transmission processes in families with migrant background. Departing from a socio-anthropological research, the study aims at depicting the impact of different national frameworks on these transmissions, but also to grasp the transnational dynamics at work, as the group of migrants concerned is particularly widespread in Europe. The analysis reveals different forms of transmission, going from the transmission of gender relations to the transmission of languages, transnational practices, religion or the positioning towards modernity and “Othering”. Independently from the social origin of the encountered families, these transmissions show to be motivated by the “strategy of transmitting self-esteem”, through which the families develop an active resistance to the impact of postcolonialism. A particularly powerful tool here by consists of the transmission of family memory, through which the encountered persons develop an intense reflection on the relationship between history, memory and the construction of contemporary societies, aiming at letting the “here” and the “there” get closer to one another
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Sainty, Jessica. "Les fabriques territoriales du raisonnement politique : analyse contextualisée dans quatre territoires de l'Isère." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00736570.
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Le territoire a-t-il une influence sur le raisonnement politique des individus ? C'est à cette question, en apparence classique, de la science politique que cette thèse entend répondre. A partir d'une enquête menée dans le contexte de l'élection présidentielle française de 2007, nous proposons d'aborder les voies théoriques et méthodologiques d'une étude de l'effet du " territoire " sur les raisonnements et les arguments mobilisés par les individus lorsqu'ils " parlent " de politique. En prenant successivement en compte le territoire comme agrégat de données quantitatives (territoire objectif) puis comme construction sociale opérée par les individus (territoire subjectif), nous proposons de revenir sur les apports d'une approche " écologique " et " processuelle " du raisonnement politique, permettant de comprendre les rouages et l'ampleur de la mobilisation du " territoire vécu " par les individus. La " politique " apparait à la fois comme le résultat d'un repérage des problèmes territoriaux et comme une série de thèmes définis a priori (l'Union Européenne, la mondialisation, le vote lors de l'élection présidentielle), donnant à voir deux aspects distincts de l'influence du territoire sur la politisation des individus. Nos résultats plaident pour le prolongement d'une analyse qualitative et contextualisée des compétences et des raisonnements politiques individuels.
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Sallée, Nicolas. "Des éducateurs placés sous main de justice : les éducateurs de la protection judiciaire de la jeunesse entre droit pénal et savoirs sur l’homme." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100136/document.
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Suivant un double regard, socio-historique et monographique, cette thèse propose une sociologie de la profession d’éducateur de la Protection judiciaire de la jeunesse (PJJ), administration du ministère de la Justice chargée de l’exécution des décisions de justice prises à l’endroit des mineurs dits « placés sous main de justice », notamment des mineurs délinquants. Membres de la fonction publique d’État, les éducateurs de la PJJ constituent une « bureaucratie professionnelle » (Mintzberg, 1982), dont le mandat et les finalités de l’activité sont principalement liés au projet politique fondateur de son institution d’appartenance : participer à la construction et à l’épanouissement d’un modèle de justice au sein duquel la connaissance de la personnalité des justiciables est une condition même de leur éducation. À partir d’une réflexion sur les savoirs, principalement les savoirs issus des sciences du psychisme, qui ont permis de délimiter ce projet politique et d’en légitimer les reconfigurations, nous proposons un regard sur la genèse et l’actualité de cette profession, de fait « placée sous main de justice ». Dans une première partie d’ordre socio-historique, nous mettons en lumière les principales tensions – indissociablement savantes, administratives et juridiques – qui émanent de l’histoire du secteur public de la PJJ, autant qu’elles en structurent le fonctionnement. Dans une seconde partie d’ordre monographique, à partir de plusieurs terrains d’observation (centre de milieu ouvert, centre éducatif fermé, prisons pour mineurs), nous analysons ce que les éducateurs font de ces tensions, et comment ils leur donnent forme, en situation de travail. Cette double méthodologie nous permet, in fine, d’interroger les reconfigurations de la profession d’éducateur de la PJJ, tout en nous frayant un chemin, par le terrain, au cœur des principales transformations qui, en France, agitent la justice des mineursFollowing a double socio-historical and monographicpoint of view, this thesis tackles a sociological study of the profession as educator working for the Judicial Protection of Youth (Protection judiciaire de la jeunesse, PJJ). PJJ is an administration of the French Ministry of Justice applying the decisions taken by the juvenile courts. Educators working for PJJ are members of the State Civil Service. The profession therefore forms a “professional bureaucracy” (Mintzberg, 1982), whose professional mandate and aims are related to the founding political project of PJJ: participating in the development of a model of justice, in which the knowledge on the personality of individuals is a condition of their education. Here, we present a study on the genesis and the evolution of this professional bureaucracy from an analysis of the knowledge, in particular psychological knowledge, which helped to define the founding political project of PJJ and to legitimize the changes of this political project. As a first step, we enlighten from a socio-historical perspective the main intellectual, administrative and legal tensions, that arise from the history of PJJ, and provide its operational framework. Secondly, we analyze from a monographic perspective how educators deal with these tensions in practice. We use for this analysis a suite of observational fields: one open and one close educational institutions, and two juvenile detention centers. Our double point of view allows us to question the reconfiguration of the profession of PJJ’s educator, and to provide a bottom-up framework (i.e. from the field) to analyze the main transformations of juvenile justice in France
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Morizot, Baptiste. "Hasard et individuation. Penser la rencontre comme invention à la lumière de l'œuvre de Gilbert Simondon." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENSL0682.
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L’objet de cette recherche revient à interroger le rôle du hasard dans le processus d’individuation tel qu’il est théorisé par Gilbert Simondon. Dans cette perspective, le hasard, élaboré à partir du concept darwinien de chance, doit être considéré comme opérateur théorique et concept explicatif d’une théorie des processus de genèse de forme individuelle, et non comme un principe métaphysique ou une mesure de l’ignorance. Il qualifie dans l’individuation la modalité de la rencontre entre la singularité, qui donne forme à l’être individuel, et le milieu métastable individuel, susceptible de transformations. Suivant cette perspective, le hasard devient un des opérateurs de l’invention des structures individuelles singulières, plurielles, et novatrices, formes de vie et manières d’exister, qui sont élaborées comme solution à des problèmes par le processus d’individuation. Cette analyse de la pensée simondonienne va permettre de mettre en place les linéaments d’une théorie de la rencontre individuante, induisant une conception particulière de l’individualité humaine, qui est susceptible d’entrer en dialogue avec les thèses de la sociologie dispositionnelle (P. Bourdieu, B. Lahire). Comme invention, l’opération d’individuation sera alors analysable à partir du concept biologique d’exaptation (S. J. Gould), qui explicite dans l’évolution l’invention de couples structuro-fonctionnels nouveaux, à partir d’un jeu entre hasard et invention vitaleThis research aims to question the role of chance in the individuation process as it was theorized by Gilbert Simondon. In this context, chance, which was drawn up based on the Darwinian concept of chance, must be considered as a theoretical operator and as an explanatory concept of the genesis of individual form, and not as a metaphysical principle or as a measure of ignorance. It characterises within the individuation the modality of the encounter between the singularity which shapes the individual being and the individual metastable environment which is capable of being transformed. From this point of view, chance turns out to be one of the invention operators of singular, individual, plural and innovative structures which are ways of existing, created as solutions to problems by the individuation process itself. This analysis of Simondon’s philosophy allows us to outline a theory of the individuating encounter leading us to think of human individuality through a specific approach which enters into dialogue with the theses of the dispositional sociology (P. Bourdieu, B. Lahire). From an invention point of view, the individuation operation can thus be analysed using the biological concept of exaptation (S. J. Gould) which makes very explicit the invention of new structure-function couples in evolution based on an articulation between chance and vital invention
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Schultz, Emilien. "Construire une économie de la recherche sur projets. L’installation de l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche en France et ses conséquences dans les domaines de la génomique végétale et de la chimie durable." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040106.
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L'Agence Nationale de la Recherche, créée en 2005, contribue à rapprocher le système de recherche français du modèle anglo-saxon, dans lequel les agences de financement jouent un rôle déterminant dans la conduite des politiques scientifiques. À partir d'une enquête sur l'agence et de l’étude des programmes de financement en génomique végétale et en chimie durable, cette thèse analyse le rôle de l'ANR dans la transformation du mode d'allocation des financements. Elle s’appuie sur des données issues d'entretiens auprès de chercheurs, d’un traitement statistique des projets déposés et de l'analyse de sources primaires et secondaires sur l’activité de l'ANR. Nous montrons notamment que l'ANR constitue une organisation intermédiaire partiellement autonome dont le métier a considérablement évolué depuis sa création en 2005. La carrière de l'agence témoigne des luttes de définition dont elle fait l'objet. Le gouvernement par projet pratiqué par l'ANR a contribué à généraliser la pratique des appels à projets compétitifs en France, qui favorise la différenciation des situations locales, la fragmentation des communautés de recherche et le changement du rapport des chercheurs aux financements. Plus généralement, nous montrons que la multiplication des appels à projets compétitifs conduit à établir ce que nous qualifions une économie de la recherche sur projets. Dans une telle économie, l'enjeu central pour les chercheurs devient le contrôle de la traduction des activités de recherche locales sous la forme générique de « projet » afin de mener leur activitéThe National Research Agency (ANR) created in 2005 brings the French research system closer to Anglo-saxon ones, where funding agencies play an important part in research policies. Based on an investigation of the ANR and two funding programs in plant genomics and green chemistry, this dissertation shows the significant role played by the ANR in the transformation of funding allocation in France. It contributes both to sociology of science policies and to sociology of organisations. We use data from interviews with researchers, statistical analysis of submitted projects and various reports and media contents. We show that the ANR is an intermediate and semi-autonomous organisation whose aims have significantly evolved since its creation in 2005. The definition of its missions has been a continuous object of struggles which can be seen in the « career » of the agency. Because the ANR mainly « governs through projects », its activities led to the multiplication of competitive calls for projects in France. Some of the consequences are the singularisation of local situations, the scattering of research communities and a change in how researchers behave regarding fundings. More broadly, we show that the multiplication of competitive project funding opportunities leads to an « economy of projectified research ». In this type of economy, the main issue for researchers is to control the way their research is converted into « project » in order to be funded
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Mossi, Thays Wolfarth. ""O futuro da humanidade que trabalha" : reconfiguração moral das lutas trabalhistas frente à terceirização." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/156344.
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Esta tese versa sobre a reconfiguração das lutas trabalhistas frente aos desafios lançados pela terceirização – um fenômeno emblemático do atual cenário político-econômico –, com o objetivo de atualizar o conteúdo histórico da relação imanente entre trabalho e justiça social. As reconfigurações das lutas trabalhistas foram identificadas por meio da análise do conteúdo normativo da crítica do trabalho – entendido como um ator moral coletivo – à terceirização, tomando como fonte uma audiência pública sobre o tema, promovida pelo Tribunal Superior do Trabalho em 2011. A audiência pública foi tratada como um documento público que dá forma estável à crítica multifacetada do trabalho. Seu exame seguiu os princípios da análise de conteúdo categorial (BARDIN, 2008) e foi divido em dois momentos: o descritivo e o interpretativo. O momento descritivo, pautado por uma epistemologia continuísta, analisou a crítica à terceirização em três eixos temáticos: economia, direitos e moral, a partir dos quais foi demonstrado o caráter passadista das propostas de reforma do presente aportadas pelo trabalho Por sua vez, o momento interpretativo, que buscou identificar o princípio de justiça imanente a esta crítica, demonstrou que há uma atualização da concepção de igualdade mobilizada nas lutas trabalhistas em termos de paridade participativa (FRASER, 2008), bem como uma ampliação do seu escopo normativo, por meio da articulação da noção de dignidade. Concluiu-se que, frente à terceirização, as lutas do trabalho se aproximam da lógica das lutas minoritárias por articular às suas exigências de justiça a dimensão moral do respeito à dignidade do trabalhador terceirizado. Em termos morais, essa aproximação não significa automaticamente um retrocesso, mas sim uma expansão do conteúdo de justiça das lutas trabalhistas, que ultrapassam as demandas redistributivas e representativas, tradicionalmente atribuídas a elas, trazendo a questão de classes para o domínio simbólico da moral.This dissertation investigates the reconfiguration undergone by labor struggles when facing the challenges posed by outsourcing – an emblematic phenomenon of the current political and economical environment – in order to update the historical content of the immanent relationship between labor and social justice. Labor struggles’ reconfigurations were identified by analyzing labor’s critique of outsourcing, using as source a public hearing on the subject, promoted by the Brazilian Superior Labor Court in 2011. This hearing was methodologically treated as a public document that stabilizes the critique’s multifaceted content. Its examination followed the guidelines of categorical content analysis (BARDIN, 2008) and was divided into two parts: the descriptive and the interpretative moments. The first part, guided by a continuist epistemology, analyzed the critique of outsourcing in three themes: economy, rights and morality, which showed the past-oriented nature of labor’s reform proposals The second part, the interpretative moment, that sought to identify the principle of justice immanent to labor’s criticism, demonstrated that there’s an update in the conception of equality mobilized in labor struggles in terms of participatory parity (FRASER, 2008), as well as an expansion of its normative scope, through the articulation of the notion of dignity. It was concluded that, when facing the challenges of outsourcing, labor struggles become closer to the logic of minority struggles, because they articulate the demands of respect for the dignity of outsourced workers to their usual demands. In moral terms, this rapprochement does not automatically mean a setback, but rather an expansion of the justice content of labor struggles, which goes beyond the redistributive and representative demands traditionally assigned to them. Thus, class questions are brought to the field of morality.