Journal articles: 'French gendarmerie'

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Sauvagère, Stéphane, Amaury Pussiau, Sylvain Hubac, Audrey Gouello, Alexandre Poussard, Jean-Philippe Lavigne, Amel Larnane, Christian Siatka, and Francis Hermitte. "Innovations in Forensic Sciences for Human Identification by DNA in the French Gendarmerie during the Last 10 Years." Forensic Sciences 3, no. 2 (May 17, 2023): 316–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci3020024.

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The IRCGN (Institut de Recherche Criminelle de la Gendarmerie Nationale) is a forensic science institute built by the French Gendarmerie which has the ability to exploit crime scene evidence. Any piece of evidence, anywhere in the world, in any environment, can be examined by IRCGN teams deployed in just a few hours. During the past 10 years, experts specializing in genetics have developed innovative genetic engineering technologies for application in forensic sciences. In this review, we highlight the main innovations and the creation of new tools for human identification, which are fully suited to the French Gendarmerie’s needs. Devices developed by the IRCGN are specific to the Gendarmerie’s purposes.

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Lepetit, Gildas. "La gendarmerie impériale au combat. L'exemple de l'Espagne (1809-1814)." Revue Historique des Armées 241, no. 4 (2005): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rharm.2005.5765.

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The Imperial Gendarmerie in battle : fhe case of Spain (1809-1914) ; By a decree promulgated on 24 November 1809, Napoleon ordered the creation of a corps of twenty squadrons of gendarmerie, raised for service in the northern provinces of Spain. These units, reorganised into legions by the Imperial decree of 12 December 1811, fought a daily struggle to put a stop to the activities of Spanish patriotic bands that were harassing the rear areas of the French Army. At this time the gendarmes found themselves assigned to combat missions which were a far cry from the duties ascribed to the gendarmerie by regulations. Maintaining security along the road network, collecting intelligence for the imperial authorities in Paris, attempting to re-establish and then maintain public order, notably by the re-introduction of summary military justice, the gendarmerie in Spain remained in the Iberian peninsula for three and a half years and sustained heavy losses, almost half their initial established numbers being killed or taken prisoner. From that time onwards they imposed themselves on the Spanish not just as agents of French counter-guerrilla operations but also as a representative pf French law within Spain.

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Emsley, Clive. "The French Gendarmerie through British Eyes." Revue Historique des Armées 295, no. 2 (January 2, 2019): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rha.295.0014.

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Zauberman, Renée. "The French Gendarmerie : crossing sociological and historical perspectives." Crime, Histoire & Sociétés 5, no. 2 (January 1, 2001): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/chs.743.

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Gaudry, Emmanuel, Jean-Bernard Myskowiak, Bernard Chauvet, Thierry Pasquerault, Fabrice Lefebvre, and Yvan Malgorn. "Activity of the forensic entomology department of the French Gendarmerie." Forensic Science International 120, no. 1-2 (August 2001): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-0738(01)00427-3.

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Cathala, François. "Emblèmes et devises de la maréchaussée à la Gendarmerie nationale." Revue Historique des Armées 240, no. 3 (2005): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rharm.2005.5736.

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Crests and mottoes from Marchalsea to the state police force ; The evolution of the crests and mottoes attributed to the Marchalsea of the old regime then to its heiress, the state police force from 1791, indicates the great steps of French History. The members of this police with a military status represent “the arms of the law” which is named under the old Regime the “judges with boots”. This force remains subordinate directly to the Power in place or to its representatives all along History. This is through the evolution of crests and mottoes of this authority that its history is gone over. This one is crossed with the process involved by the traditional heraldry from the XVIth century and which finds expression in a growing simplification of signs of recognition of the prominent characters. This trend is followed by two great steps. The French revolution gives birth to the sign of recognition of a Nation whereas the Empire lays the foundations of the regimental crests such as we know them nowadays.

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Schuliar, Y., Ph Masselin, J. F. Michaut, J. Salon, and P. Lafargue. "Identification unit of the French National Gendarmerie for mass disaster victims." Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine 2 (March 1995): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1353-1131(95)90161-2.

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Adamchuk, M., V. Butuzov, and I. Luhovskyi. "FEATURES OF PREPARATION AND CONDUCTING STABILIZATION ACTIONS BY MILITARY FORMATIONS WITH LAW ENFORCEMENT FUNCTIONS OF NORTH ATLANTIC ALLIANCE COUNTRIES." Scientific journal of the National Academy of National Guard "Honor and Law" 3, no. 86 (2023): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33405/2078-7480/2023/3/86/287021.

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The article explores the essence and content of the preparation and conduct of stabilization actions by military formations with law enforcement functions according to NATO standards. It discusses the activities of the NATO Centres of Excellence, substantiates the concepts, essence, and content of stabilization actions by the security forces of Ukraine. The NATO Advanced Civil-Military Interaction Training Center for Enhancing Qualifications in Law Enforcement Stabilization Actions serves as an international coordination and knowledge hub for the community of interests in the field of stabilization actions with law enforcement characteristics. Currently, the organization consists of the following structures specialized in the described activities: Carabinieri Corps of Italy, Czech Military Police, French Gendarmerie, Greek Army, Polish Military Gendarmerie, Romanian Gendarmerie, Spanish Civil Guard, Royal Netherlands Marechaussee, and Turkish Gendarmerie. The center examines the concept of stabilization actions with law enforcement characteristics applied by NATO member countries in unstable regions (states) in all types of conflicts, ranging from peacetime to high-intensity conflicts. The spectrum of conflicts encompasses four main types of campaigns in which stabilization actions are conducted. Typically, these actions occur both during the initial stages and throughout armed conflicts (combat operations), as well as after their conclusion. The article introduces the definition of law enforcement stabilization actions, which has not been previously reflected in the normative-legal framework of the security sector components of Ukraine. The implementation of a comprehensive set of law enforcement stabilization actions will play a crucial role in the post-war period during the restoration of constitutional order and territorial integrity of Ukraine, which have been affected by Russian occupation.

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Smaiah, Sarra, Rabah Sadoun, Abdelhafid Elouardi, Bruno Larnaudie, Samir Bouaziz, Abderahmane Boubezoul, Bastien Vincke, and Stéphane Espié. "A Practical Approach for High Precision Reconstruction of a Motorcycle Trajectory Using a Low-Cost Multi-Sensor System." Sensors 18, no. 7 (July 14, 2018): 2282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18072282.

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Motorcycle drivers are considered among the most vulnerable road users, as attested by the number of crashes increasing every year. The significant part of the fatalities relates to “single vehicle” loss of control in bends. During this investigation, a system based on an instrumented multi-sensor platform and an algorithmic study was developed to accurately reconstruct motorcycle trajectories achieved when negotiating bends. This system is used by the French Gendarmerie in order to objectively evaluate and to examine the way riders take their bends in order to better train riders to adopt a safe trajectory and to improve road safety. Data required for the reconstruction are acquired using a motorcycle that has been fully instrumented (in VIROLO++ Project) with several redundant sensors (reference sensors and low-cost sensors) which measure the rider actions (roll, steering) and the motorcycle behavior (position, velocity, acceleration, odometry, heading, and attitude). The proposed solution allowed the reconstruction of motorcycle trajectories in bends with a high accuracy (equal to that of fixed point positioning). The developed algorithm will be used by the French Gendarmerie in order to objectively evaluate and examine the way riders negotiate bends. It will also be used for initial training and retraining in order to better train riders to learn and estimate a safe trajectory and to increase the safety, efficiency and comfort of motorcycle riders.

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Hertgen, Patrick, Sébastien Peyrefitte, Virgile Apparu, Yann Le Vaillant, Fabrice Castel, Erwan Legonidec, and Benoît Houzé. "CBRN Medical Support of the French Groupe D'Intervention De La Gendarmerie Nationale." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 25, S2 (October 2010): s94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00024250.

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Vincze, Gábor. "Csendõrsorsok az 1945 utáni évtizedekben." Belvedere Meridionale 31, no. 2 (2019): 77–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/belv.2019.2.5.

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Based the French example, in 1881 the Gendarmerie, guarding order in the countryside, was founded in the Austro–Hungarian Empire as well. From that on, public safety could be described as similar to European standards. Despite of that, after 1945 the attitude of new political elite and some parts of society towards the Gendarmerie was quite negative. There weretwo keys reasons for that. A fraction of the Gendarmerie participated in the persecution of the illegal communist party’s members and followers before 1944, and took partin the deportation of the countryside Jews in 1944. However, when the Gendarmerie was dissolved on 10 May 1945, it was not for the latter but specifically for political reasons.After passing the legislation, former gendarmes were viewed ascollectively guilty and second-rate citizens, even if they had committed no crime at all. Gendarmes fleeing West from the Soviet Army in the Spring of 1945 and later returning were interned, and the same faith awaited their comrades who couldreturn from Soviet prison camps in 1950 (several years of forced labour awaited the latter).The gendarme officers were declared “principal war criminals” at the people’s tribunal, a typical political tribunal, established in 1945. Seven such officers were condemned to death and were executed, possibly more than a thousand of others were given prison sentences. In 1956, several gendarmes took active part in the revolution in the countryside, many of them were convicted after the revolution was suppressed. Those freed from prisons and internment camps were kept under state security surveillance for decades, even if they had no previous conflict with the communist regime. Studying the fate of former gendarmes after 1945 shows that,from the point of taking power in 1945 until the fall of the regime, the communists-feared them, even when the gendarmes were old and ill. In my study I review the problems of research, and illustrate different forms of gendarme-persecution,by presenting specific examples.

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Ievchuk, Tetiana, Volodymyr Zarosylo, and Vitalii Zarosylo. "THE FRENCH GENDARMERIE AS A LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY: THE HISTORY OF ITS ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT." NAUKA I PRAVOOKHORONA 53, no. 3 (2021): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.36486/np.2021.3(53).21.

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Amadéo, Stephane, Moerani Rereao, Germaine Vanquin David, NgocLam Nguyen, Monique Séguin, Guy Beauchamp, Patrick Favro, et al. "Suicide in French Polynesia: a retrospective analysis based on medicolegal documents and interview with family." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 9 (September 2021): 030006052110034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605211003452.

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Objective To analyse the epidemiological data on suicide in French Polynesia (FP). Methods Data on suicides were collected from the Public Health Direction, Judicial Police Investigations Court of Justice records, the Centre d’Opérations et de Renseignements de la Gendarmerie, patient records for those hospitalized in psychiatry and from psychological autopsies. Results The dataset consisted of 316 suicide cases in FP over 25 years (1992–2016). In FP, suicide was more frequent in men (sex ratio 3.2:1), young people (mean age, 34.4 years) and individuals with previously diagnosed psychiatric disorders (100 of 316; 31.6%) The most common method of suicide was hanging (276 of 316; 87.3%). A history of previous suicide attempts was found in 25 of 56 (44.6%) of suicide cases, when documented. The most common potential triggering factors for suicide were emotional problems. The suicide rates have remained stable during 1992–2016 (mean 10.6/100 000 inhabitants per year), with periods of economic crises increasing suicide rates. Conclusions These results provide valuable information to enable the effective targeting of suicide prevention strategies toward those at high risk. Economic crises had larger impacts in the French overseas territories than mainland France. Given the unprecedented economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in FP, there is an urgent need to implement suicide epidemiological surveillance and prevention programmes.

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Jerome, Barlatier. "Criminal Investigation and Criminal Intelligence: Example of Adaptation in the Prevention and Repression of Cybercrime." Risks 8, no. 3 (September 18, 2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks8030099.

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In the context of the digitization of delinquent activities, perpetrated via the internet, the question of the most appropriate means of crime prevention and crime repression is once again being raised. Studies performed on police investigations have highlighted the over-determining nature of circumstantial factors in crime as a condition for their elucidation for more than fifty years. The emergence of mass delinquency, such as cybercrime, has thus strongly altered the role of investigation as a useful mode of knowledge production. This obsolescence has appeared gradually and can be summarized in four stages, which generates a suspicion about the social relevance of the investigation. It seems that the holistic approach of criminal intelligence is more adapted to the fight against new forms of crime. The investigation becomes a precision instrument assigned to functions that become more specific. This article considers this paradigm shift by the approaches to knowledge management of crime control. Cybercrime is then emblematic of this shift. This study is based on the criminological review and the delinquency analysis led by the central criminal intelligence service of the national gendarmerie. Its premise may likely guide the strategy of French law enforcement agencies.

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Lecompte, Y., M. Perrin, S. Salle, and O. Roussel. "Impact of Lowering Confirmatory Test Cutoff Value in Pre-Enlistment Urine Cannabinoids Screening: About Five Years' Experience in the French Gendarmerie." Journal of Analytical Toxicology 36, no. 8 (August 29, 2012): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/bks067.

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Bordel, Stéphanie, Gérard Guingouain, Alain Somat, Florence Terrade, Anne-Valérie Aubouin, Denis Querrat, and Katell Botrel. "Naive Explanations of Road Accidents: Self-Serving Bias and Defensive Attribution." Psihologia Resurselor Umane 5, no. 2 (January 20, 2020): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24837/pru.v5i2.326.

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The aim of this article is to take into account the explanations given by people involved in road accident (drivers, passengers and witnesses) so as to consider preconisation susceptible to improve road safety. Testimonies from 205 reports of the French "Gendarmerie Nationale" were analysed. The results show the existence of actor (driver)/observer (passenger and witness) asymmetry in attribution. In fact, observers give as many internal explanations as external explanations, when actors give more external explanations than internal explanations. This result can be interpreted in term of self-serving bias (in so far as we note an effect of the severity of the outcomes on the drivers' explanations) and also can be interpreted according to the theory of defensive attribution (even if we fail to show that observers' explanations can be influenced by accident severity). Actors and observers explain events with different categories (actor/observer asymmetry bias), but use the same motivational strategies of protection: drivers would try to protect their self-esteem in order to avoid being held responsible for the accident (self-serving bias), while observers would try to protect themselves (defensive attribution) from the idea that they could find themselves in the same situation. Finally, we examine some preconisations likely to enhance the road safety.

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Nawrot, Dariusz. "Początki żandarmerii wojskowej na ziemiach polskich." Przegląd Historyczno-Wojskowy 21, no. 1 (2020): 12–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32089/wbh.phw.2020.1(271).0001.

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The article presents the beginnings of military police in the Polish territory, which are closely related to the Napoleonic era. It was then that French solutions in terms of internal security formations were adopted. The creation of military police formation, first in the liberated from Russian rule Lithuania, was closely connected with the events of the War of 1812. The failure of the plans to fight a decisive battle at the borders of Russia and the slackness of the Great Army, caused by weather breakdown and inadequate provisions, soon resulted in the disintegration of discipline, an unprecedented number of marauders, and ordinary banditry spreading at an alarming rate. The areas through which Napoleonic troops had marched were completely devastated. In this situation Napoleon, seeking a solution to the problems with ensuring peace at the rear, in his order of July 1st, 1812 appointing the authorities of the liberated Lithuania also commanded the formation of Lithuanian military police. The article discusses the organization of this formation and its participation in the campaign as well as attempts to create similar military police formation in the lands of the Duchy of Warsaw at the turn of 1812 and 1813, when they were threatened by the offensive of the victorious Russian army. It has been emphasized that successive gendarmerie and military police formations created in the Polish territory referred to the traditions of these units.

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Madsen, Chris. "Time to drop the mounted: Reimagining a Royal Canadian Gendarmerie." International Journal of Police Science & Management, December 21, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14613557231218642.

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As Canada's federal police service celebrates its 150th anniversary, the past and future of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police/Gendarmerie royale du Canada (RCMP/GRC) is coming under intense scrutiny. Dogged by historical legacies and endemic external and internal controversies, this national police service with military characteristics serves the Canadian state loyally and professionally. The anachronistic connection with horses in the English name has long outlived its usefulness and it is time that Canada's federal police service embraced more French, greater inclusivity in the ranks, better accountability and a functional approach to provision of national security policing at higher levels. A new refresh requires rebranding into a truly effective gendarmerie adequately manned, trained and equipped for the task, already anticipated in the French name. Refocusing on federal roles at the national level without the distraction of contract policing would give the RCMP/GRC greater purpose and coherence. The aligned symmetry of a Royal Canadian Gendarmerie/Gendarmerie royale du Canada (RCG/GRC) provides a basis for necessary change to happen and reconciliation to begin.

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Corcostegui, Simon-Pierre, Julien Galant, Pierre Pasquier, Kourosh Kazemzadegan, Luc Saint-Jean, Damien Commeau, and Cédric Boutillier du Retail. "Military medical response of the French gendarmerie to terrorist events." BMJ, March 3, 2020, m803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m803.

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Thomas, Martin. "The Gendarmerie, Information Collection, and Colonial Violence in French North Africa Between the Wars." Historical Reflections/Reflexions Historiques 36, no. 2 (January 1, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/hrrh.2010.360206.

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Banga, Arthur. "Civic Service and the Question of Extra-Military Missions of the Army in Franco-Ivorian Military Relations (1960–1970)." International Journal of Military History and Historiography, October 26, 2022, 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24683302-bja10008.

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Abstract With a negotiated decolonisation and a steadfast friendship between Félix Houphouët-Boigny and General Charles de Gaulle, Côte d’Ivoire, which had become independent, maintained excellent relations with France, its former colonial power. These close relations allowed it to benefit, within the framework of the Franco-Ivorian cooperation agreements, from French military assistance in setting up its armed forces. With this help, the Ivorian Army and Gendarmerie were thus taking their first steps under France’s military leadership. But divergences appeared at certain levels and the question of extra-military tasks or, more precisely, the importance granted to them in the missions of the Ivorian Armed Forces was the subject of heated debates between the two partners. The crux of the issue was the establishment and development of the Ivorian Civic Service, for which Abidjan had turned to Israel in the belief that this would not jeopardise French influence in the Ivorian defence establishment. This article revisits this issue by highlighting the intricacies and challenges in the creation of the Ivorian Civic Service.

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Mannaioni, Livia, Thierry Jay, Yvain Goudard, Olivier Aoun, Ghislain Pauleau, Anne Montois, and Bruno de La Villéon. "Obesity and Overweight: First Comprehensive Overview in the French Armed Forces." Military Medicine, May 18, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usae217.

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ABSTRACT Introduction The global rise in obesity is well-established, with significant health implications. This study aims to comprehensively assess overweight and obesity prevalence within the French Armed Forces. Materials and Methods Using data from the Unique Medical-Military Software (UMMS) in 2018, a cross-sectional study was conducted on active French Military personnel aged 18 and above, who underwent periodic medical examinations (PME) in 2017. Body Mass Index (BMI) served as the main criterion for overweight and obesity classification. A representative sample was obtained through random sampling. Results The sample included 17,082 individuals, revealing an average age of 33.5 years, with 36.1% classified as overweight and 9.6% as obese. The mean BMI of women was significantly lower than that of men (23.9 vs 25.3 kg/m2—P < .001). Results indicated that 22.4% of women vs 38.5% of men were overweight (P < .001). For obesity, the difference was not significant (8.8% of women vs 9.8% of men—P = .138). BMI increased with age, and non-commissioned officers (NCOs) showed the highest prevalence of obesity. Gendarmes exhibited the highest BMI and overweight rates (50.1%) among military branches. Conclusion While obesity is less prevalent in the French Armed Forces compared to the general population, the study emphasizes the equivalent prevalence of overweight. We confirm here that the global epidemic of obesity and overweight affects all armed forces. France seems less affected than other Western armies. Targeting specific groups, such as NCOs and the national gendarmerie, is crucial for prevention.

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Gavrilov, Kirill G., and Tatiana V. Gavrilova. "POLICE, GENDARMERIE, NATIONAL GUARD: REFORM OF THE FRENCH POLICE SYSTEM AS IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PARTNERSHIP FOR SECURITY DOCTRINE." Science. Society. State, no. 2 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.21685/2307-9525-2022-10-2-2.

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Amadio, Nicolas. "Shaping the subculture of human source intelligence within criminal units? Testing Intelligence Analysis Groups in the French Gendarmerie." Policing and Society, November 7, 2022, 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2022.2141238.

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Galant, Julien, Simon-Pierre Corcostegui, David Marrache, Luc Saint-Jean, Vincent Desrobert, Cédric Boutillier du Retail, and François Lecomte. "Mass Casualty Incident: Do Tactical Tag Bracelets Improve Triage Performance by First Responders? A Randomized Controlled Mass Casualty Incident Simulation and Response of A French Gendarmerie Elite Unit." Military Medicine, February 17, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usac023.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Tactical triage replaces primary triage in the exclusion zone in mass murder or terrorist events to prioritize victims requiring life-saving interventions (LSIs) and/or rapid extraction in an environment with a lack of resources and under active threat. French gendarmerie tactical unit medical teams use triage bracelets during mass casualty incidents (MCIs). This study assessed the value of these bracelets in the tactical triage performance of nonhealthcare combat rescue operators in an MCI simulation. Objectives To compare triage performance with and without the use of bracelets based on categorization accuracy, LSIs, and time to end triage. Materials and methods Two groups of operators were randomly assigned to participate in an MCI simulation alone (10 simulated patients) with (intervention group) or without (control) bracelets. The primary outcome was triage performance assessed by the mass casualty triage performance assessment tools. The results were measured based on the LSI required, triage category, and time of completion of the task. Secondary outcomes were operator-perceived stress and self-efficacy. Results Eleven operators (intervention group n = 5, control group n = 6) participated. Triage performance, based on a maximum score of 90, was better for the intervention group [72.200 (SD = 10.330) vs. 57.000 (SD = 12.961), P = .045]. Self-efficacy was increased after the simulation in the intervention group [45.00 47.2 (SD = 4.147) vs. 50.400 (SD = 5.505), P = .034)]. Conclusions This is the first study to show the best triage performance among nonhealthcare combat rescuers using triage bracelets in an MCI simulation. The small sample size did not allow for external validity of the results. The initially calculated number of participants (N = 12) was not reached for operational reasons. The use of bracelets may have a place in the medico-organizational act of tactical triage during MCIs in exclusion zones. Further studies should be conducted to assess the value of triage bracelets by other first responders, including physician–nurse teams.

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Journal articles on the topic 'French gendarmerie'

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